CN110453215A - A kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and method - Google Patents
A kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110453215A CN110453215A CN201910820299.8A CN201910820299A CN110453215A CN 110453215 A CN110453215 A CN 110453215A CN 201910820299 A CN201910820299 A CN 201910820299A CN 110453215 A CN110453215 A CN 110453215A
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- wire
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- cladding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and method, the system comprises laser (4), the first wire (5), the second wire (6), ignition tip (7), the first wire-feed motor (8), the second wire-feed motor (9) and silk material heating devices (10), first wire (5) and the second wire (6) pass through side by side the ignition tip (7) subsequently point to workpiece (1) to cladding surface, ignition tip (7) and workpiece (1) are connected to two electrodes of the silk material heating device (10).The present invention passes through innovation arrangement composite wire cladding scheme, pioneering realizes bimetallic silk material laser cladding method on the basis of traditional monometallic silk material laser melting and coating technique, solve that cladding efficiency existing for current silk material laser melting and coating technique and laser power can not improve in proportion using problem, the adjustment problem of laser melting coating composition of raw material and the low problem of utilization ratio of laser energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and method, belong to advanced manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
Metal wire material laser melting coating is as the molten of a kind of high-precision, high-performance, the low-heat zone of influence and low dilution rate feature
Coating manufacturing technology, is widely used in that metal parts remanufactures, surface prepares modified coating, surface defect reparation and metal
The purposes such as increasing material manufacturing.
Existing metal wire material laser melting coating is that one one metal wire is heated and melted using laser beam, while giving wire
Lead to AC or DC electricity between workpiece, to assist heating wire, to improve laser melting coating efficiency.Compared to metal powder material
Laser melting coating, metal wire material laser melting coating is since stock utilization is high, at low cost, and cladding layer good compactness, defect are few, increasingly
Attention by laser melting coating industry.
Although metal wire material laser melting and coating technique has many advantages, such as a kind of efficient coating fabrication method,
Existing metal wire material laser melting and coating technique is all based on the melting and coating technique of single piece of metal silk material, works as in the production of actual industrial metaplasia
In, the problem of existing this laser melting and coating technique based on monometallic silk material exposes following three aspect: (1) use 4KW with
When upper high power laser is as light source, existing metal wire material laser melting coating efficiency can not be with the increase of laser power
And proportional increase.The reason is that in the identical situation of energy density, laser power is bigger when silk material laser melting coating, throw
The hot spot for being mapped to workpiece surface is bigger, and in order to match the hot spot of area increase, it is necessary to increase the projected area of silk material, and
Increasing for single silk material projected area must be realized by increasing the diameter of silk material, and it is relative to laser after the increase of silk material diameter
The silk material material thickness of beam direction of illumination also and then increases, so that the heat transfer that laser beam irradiation material surface generates is to material
Time needed for bottom also increases, and has actually seriously affected the rate that laser melts silk material, so that it integrates cladding efficiency phase
To decline, current laser melting coating is limited generally to the trend of high power development.(2) existing metal wire material laser melting coating due to
It is compared using an one metal wire as metal powder used by cladding material, with metal powder material laser melting coating, for
When the raw material of heterogeneity require, the adjustment of wire component ratio is more difficult than the adjustment of metal powder constituent ratio, and
And time used in the former and cost are longer and bigger, therefore limit metal wire material laser melting coating and adapt to small lot, personalization
The ability of cladding layer demand.(3) although existing metal wire material melting and coating technique is improved in cladding process by heating silk material
The utilization rate of laser energy, but its improvement effect is very limited, causes the utilization rate of laser energy lower, and utilization ratio of laser energy
Low one side will cause the increase of energy consumption, and the waste of another aspect laser energy can also adversely affect the environment of surrounding.
Therefore how to solve the problems, such as that existing metal wire material laser melting and coating technique faces to high power applications, how to solve
Metal wire material laser melting coating composition of raw material adjusts difficult problem and how to further increase metal wire material laser melting coating skill
The problem of art utilization ratio of laser energy is three problems that current silk material laser melting and coating technique develops urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and method, arrange double gold by innovation
Belong to silk cladding scheme, the pioneering bimetallic silk material laser that realizes on the basis of traditional monometallic silk material laser melting and coating technique melts
Coating method solves cladding efficiency existing for current silk material laser melting and coating technique and answers with what laser power can not improve in proportion
With problem, the adjustment problem of laser melting coating composition of raw material and the low problem of utilization ratio of laser energy.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical solution that above-mentioned technical problem is taken:
A kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system, comprising: laser 4, the first wire 5, the second wire 6, ignition tip 7,
First wire-feed motor 8, the second wire-feed motor 9 and silk material heating device 10, first wire-feed motor 8 is for providing the first wire 5, institute
State the second wire-feed motor 9 for provide the second wire 6, first wire 5 and the second wire 6 are side by side across the conduction
Mouth 7 subsequently point to workpiece 1 to cladding surface, the laser 4 be set to workpiece 1 to cladding surface, the ignition tip 7
It is connected to two electrodes of the silk material heating device 10 with workpiece 1, after the silk material heating device 10 starts, described the
One wire 5 and the second wire 6 be heated and laser output laser beam 3 act under cladding in workpiece 1 will be fusion
Cover surface.
Further bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to the present invention, wherein 5 He of the first wire
Second wire 6 is solid metal silk and/or powder core wire of the diameter in 1.0mm ~ 1.6mm；First wire-feed motor 8 and
The wire feed rate of two wire-feed motors 9 can be adjusted individually, and wire feed rate adjustable range is 0 ~ 200mm/s.
Further bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to the present invention, wherein the ignition tip 7 can be adjusted
Spacing and angle between whole first wire 5 and the second wire 6, wherein first wire and the second wire
Between spacing adjustable range be 0 ~ 8mm, angle adjustable range between first wire 5 and the second wire 6 is 0 ° ~
45°；The ignition tip 7 can adjust the distance between first wire 5, the second wire 6 and workpiece 1 and angle,
Described in the distance between the first wire 5 and workpiece 1 adjustable range be 3 ~ 40mm, between second wire 6 and workpiece 1
Be 3 ~ 40mm apart from adjustable range, angle adjustable range between first wire 5 and workpiece surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °, institute
Stating the angle adjustable range between the second wire 6 and workpiece surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °.
Further bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to the present invention, wherein the silk material heating device 10
For AC or DC power, floating voltage≤20V, operating voltage is adjustable between 0 ~ 20v, and operating current is adjustable between 0 ~ 1000A；
The power density of the laser is 100w/mm2 ~ 2000w/mm2, the laser beam 3 of laser output after shaping
Workpiece surface forms the rectangular light spot or elliptical spot that can cover two one metal wires, and hot spot maximum length is than two one metal wires
Big 0.5mm ~ the 5mm in the distance between projection outside, the transmission direction and the first wire 5 of the laser beam 3 of the laser output
Between angle it is adjustable between 30 ° ~ 90 °, between the transmission direction and the second wire 6 of the laser beam 3 of laser output
Angle it is adjustable between 30 ° ~ 90 °.
A kind of bimetallic silk material laser cladding method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 are conveyed simultaneously by the first wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire-feed motor 9 side by side respectively
Across the direction workpiece 1 of ignition tip 7 to cladding surface；
Step 2: passing through angle and spacing and the first gold medal between the first wire 5 of adjusting of ignition tip 7 and the second wire 6
Belong to the angle and distance between silk 5 and the second wire 6 and workpiece 1；
Step 3: ignition tip 7 and workpiece 1 to be connected to first electrode and second the two poles of the earth of silk material heating device 10, pass through
Silk material heating device 10 by between ignition tip 7 and workpiece 1 the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 heat；
Step 4: laser 4, which is set to workpiece, waits for the top on cladding surface, and laser is controlled with certain shapes and certain angle
Laser beam is exposed to the molten bath position that the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 are contacted with workpiece 1 by degree；
Step 5: laser beam in the molten bath position by the first wire 5 and 6 cladding of the second wire in 1 surface of workpiece, and press
According to the relative motion of predefined paths control workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and laser beam 3, thus in workpiece
Surface forms laser cladding layer.
Further bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to the present invention, wherein in step 1, described first
Wire 5 and the second wire 6 are selected as diameter in the solid metal silk and/or powder core wire of 1.0mm ~ 1.6mm；Described
The wire feed rate of one wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire-feed motor 9 can be adjusted individually between 0 ~ 200mm/s.
Further bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to the present invention, wherein in step 2, described first
Spacing between wire and the second wire is 0 ~ 8mm, and the angle between first wire 5 and the second wire 6 is
0 ° ~ 45 °, the distance between first wire 5 and workpiece 1 are 3 ~ 40mm, between second wire 6 and workpiece 1
Distance is 3 ~ 40mm, and the angle between first wire 5 and workpiece surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °, second wire 6 and work
Angle between part surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °.
Further bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to the present invention, wherein in step 3, the silk material
Heating device 10 is AC or DC power, and floating voltage≤20V, operating voltage is adjustable between 0 ~ 20v, operating current 0 ~
It is adjustable between 1000A.
Further bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to the present invention, wherein in step 4, the laser
The power density of device is 100w/mm2 ~ 2000w/mm2, and the laser beam 3 of the laser output is after shaping in workpiece surface
The rectangular light spot or elliptical spot that can cover two one metal wires are formed, hot spot maximum length projects outside than two one metal wires
The distance between big 0.5mm ~ 5mm, the folder between the transmission direction and the first wire 5 of the laser beam 3 of the laser output
Angle is 30 ° ~ 90 °, the angle between the transmission direction and the second wire 6 of the laser beam 3 of laser output is 30 ° ~
90°；Relative motion wherein in step 5, between the workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and laser beam 3
Speed control is 20mm/s ~ 200mm/s in the movement speed control of workpiece surface in 0 ~ 200mm/s, molten bath.
Further bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to the present invention, wherein being formed in swashing for workpiece surface
The content of a certain elemental composition can be calculated with following formula in light cladding layer:
W=[(W1·πr1²·v1·ρ1+ W2·πr2²·v2·ρ2)/ (πr1²·v1·ρ1+πr2²·v2·ρ2)]×
100%
In above-mentioned formula, W is the content of a certain elemental composition in laser cladding layer, and W1 is the elemental composition in the first wire
Content in 5, W2 are content of the elemental composition in the second wire 6, and π is pi, and r1 is the half of the first wire 5
Diameter, r2 are the radius of the second wire 6, and v1 is the wire feed rate of corresponding first wire-feed motor 8 of the first wire 5, v2 second
The wire feed rate of corresponding second wire-feed motor 9 of wire 6, ρ 1 are the density of the first wire 5, and ρ 2 is the close of the second wire 6
Degree is realized by the element of the first wire of selection and the second wire composition, diameter and wire feed rate to laser cladding layer
The adjusting of middle a certain kind element component content.
Can at least reach according to the technical solution of the present invention it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1) raw material are used as using two wires in a fixed spacing and angle, and use rectangle or elliptical spot are to two
Wire is melted, and projected area shared by two one metal wires is twice or more of a silk at this time, then matches respective area
Rectangle or elliptical spot, in order to keep the energy density of hot spot constant, laser power is mentioned according to facula area is proportional
It is high.The material thickness of such laser beam direction of illumination can but remain unchanged, and the melting rate of material can also remain unchanged, simultaneously
Laser power, facula area and the proportional raising of projected area shared by two one metal wires, it is achieved that cladding efficiency with
The proportional raising of laser power, when solving current metal wire material laser melting coating using high power laser, cladding efficiency
The problem of relative drop.Compared with existing metal wire material laser melting and coating technique, the present invention by applicable laser power from
Existing 3000W is improved to 6000W, and comprehensive cladding efficiency is enhanced about more than once.
2) using two one metal wires as raw material, and rectangle corresponding with two silk material projected areas or ellipse are used
Hot spot melts wire, and the width of single track cladding welding bead increases, by the way that taking between two neighboring cladding welding bead is arranged
Rate is connect, metal wire material laser melting coating single layer cladding upper thickness limit is improved.Compared with existing metal wire material laser melting and coating technique,
The present invention improves single layer cladding upper thickness limit to 3mm from existing 1.5mm, has further expanded metal wire material laser melting coating skill
The application range of art.
3) using the gap between two one metal wires, when so that laser beam being radiated on two one metal wires, into two gold
The laser beam for belonging to silk gap can be since the constraint of two silk materials be by multiple reflections and diffusing reflection, so that utilization ratio of laser energy obtains
It further increases.
4) using the different wire of two ingredients as raw material, and two sets of individual wire feed systems are used, due to swashing
There are violent stirring action in molten bath in light cladding process, the wire of heterogeneity sufficiently occurs in molten bath after melting
Metallurgical reaction obtains the uniform microstructure of surface cladding layer of ingredient after cooling.In practical application by control two one metal wires diameter and
The wire feed rate of two one metal wires is controlled, the ingredient of cladding layer can be very easily adjusted.Solves current metal wire material laser
Material composition existing for melting and coating technique adjusts problem.
5) in conclusion the method for the invention uses two one metal wires as raw material, two one metal wires pass through two sets
Individual wire feed system controls wire feed rate, and the wire of mountable different-diameter and heterogeneity, using with two metals
Projected area is corresponding and the proportional increased rectangle of laser power or elliptical spot for silk, solves existing metal wire material laser
High power laser application problem existing for melting and coating technique, composition of raw material adjustment problem and utilization ratio of laser energy is low asks
Topic, technology of the present invention can be widely applied to metal parts surface and prepare modified coating, surface defect reparation and metal increasing
The purposes such as material manufacture, have that cladding is high-efficient, single layer cladding thickness, cladding composition of layer is adjustable and utilization ratio of laser energy is high etc. solely
Special advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system of the present invention；
The meaning of each appended drawing reference is as follows in figure:
1. workpiece, 2. cladding layers, 3. laser beams, 4. lasers, 5. first wires, 6. second wires, 7. ignition tips, 8.
One wire-feed motor, 9. second wire-feed motors, 10. silk material heating devices.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly
Understand the present invention, but the protection scope being not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1, bimetallic silk material laser cladding method of the present invention is based on attached composite wire shown in FIG. 1
Material laser melting coating system realizes that the bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system includes laser 4, the first wire 5, the second metal
Silk 6, ignition tip 7, the first wire-feed motor 8, the second wire-feed motor 9 and silk material heating device 10, the first wire-feed motor 8 is for providing the first gold medal
Belong to silk 5, the second wire-feed motor 9 passes through ignition tip 7 for providing the second wire 6, the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 side by side
Subsequently point to workpiece 1 to cladding surface, the laser 4 is set to the surface to cladding surface of workpiece 1, the ignition tip
7 are connected to the two poles of the earth of silk material heating device 10 with workpiece 1, after such silk material heating device 10 starts, silk material heating device
The two poles of the earth be switched on to form current loop, due to wire itself have certain resistance so that electric current pass through ignition tip 7 and work
First wire 5 and the second wire 6 are heated when the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 between part 1, the heat Q of generation
=I2Rt, be simultaneously from the laser beam 3 of laser by after heating the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 dissolve in workpiece 1
To cladding surface, laser melting coating processing is completed.
The ingredient of further first wire 5 and the second wire 6 can need to select identical according to melting and coating process
The wire of ingredient or the wire for selecting heterogeneity, while the diameter of the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 also can basis
Melting and coating process is selected, and the identical wire of diameter may be selected, and also may be selected the different wire of diameter, and preferred the
The diameter range of one wire and the second wire is 1.0mm ~ 1.6mm.
The wire feed rate of further first wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire-feed motor 9 can also be needed according to melting and coating process into
Row selection, can choose identical wire feed rate, also can choose different wires feed rate, preferred first wire-feed motor 8 and the
The wire feed rate range of two wire-feed motors 9 is 0 ~ 200mm/s, preferably 20 ~ 200mm/s.
The further ignition tip 7 can adjust spacing and angle between the first wire 5 and the second wire 6, excellent
Spacing range between first wire and the second wire can be adjusted to 0 ~ 8mm, preferably 0.1-6mm by choosing, by the
Angle between one wire 5 and the second wire 6 is adjusted to 0 ° ~ 45 °, preferably 5 ° -40 °, while 7 energy of the ignition tip
The distance between the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and workpiece 1 and angle are enough adjusted, can be incited somebody to action preferably through ignition tip 7
First wire 5 and/or the distance between the second wire 6 and workpiece 1 are adjusted to 3 ~ 40mm, preferably 5-30mm, pass through
Angle between 1 surface of first wire 5 and/or the second wire 6 and workpiece can be adjusted to 0 ° ~ 60 ° by ignition tip 7, excellent
Choosing is 5-45 °.
The further silk material heating device 10 is an AC or DC power, floating voltage≤20V, work electricity
0 ~ 20v of pressure is simultaneously adjustable, and 0 ~ 1000A of operating current is simultaneously adjustable.
The laser beam 3 that the further laser provides can be generated by any kind of laser, and laser beam 3 passes through
After shaping 1 surface of workpiece formed light spot shape be the rectangle or elliptical spot that can cover two one metal wires, laser beam 3
Power density be 100w/mm2 ~ 2000w/mm2, and its spot size than two one metal wires projection outside the distance between greatly
0.5mm~5mm；The laser beam 3 of the laser output can expose to the first wire 5, the second metal at a certain angle simultaneously
The cladding position that silk 6 is contacted with workpiece 1, the preferred laser beam 3 and the first wire 5 and the laser beam and the second gold medal
The angle belonged between silk 6 is 30 ° ~ 90 °, preferably at 30-60 °.
Opposite fortune can be done between the further workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and laser beam 3
It is dynamic, so as to form cladding layer in workpiece surface, the preferred workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and
The direction and path to do relative motion between laser beam 3 can be set in advance, and speed of related movement adjustable range is 0 ~ 200mm/
S, preferably 20 ~ 200mm/s.
Further can by two heterogeneities, different-diameter, different wire feed rate the first wire 5 and the second gold medal
When belonging to silk 6 and carrying out cladding, the content of each element can be calculated with following formula in obtained cladding layer:
W=(W1 π r12v1 ρ 1+ W2 π r22v2 ρ 2)/(π r12v1 ρ 1+ π r22v2 ρ 2) × 100%
In above-mentioned formula, W is the content of certain element in cladding layer, and W1 is content of certain element in the first wire 5, and W2 is
Content of certain element in the second wire 6, π are pi, and r1 is the radius of the first wire 5, and r2 is the second wire 6
Radius, v1 be corresponding first wire-feed motor 8 of the first wire 5 wire feed rate, v2 be the second wire 6 corresponding second give
The wire feed rate of silk machine 9, ρ 1 are the density of the first wire 5, and ρ 2 is the density of the second wire 6.Therefore the present invention can be according to
Above-mentioned formula adjusts certain elemental composition in cladding layer by adjusting the ingredient, diameter and wire feed rate of any one one metal wire
Content, solve that the material category that current metal wire material laser melting and coating technique encounters is few, the difficult problem of material composition matching.
The present invention is based further on above-mentioned bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system and proposes that a kind of completely new bimetallic silk material swashs
Light cladding method, the method specifically include following process:
Step 1, it is first that the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 is defeated side by side by the first wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire-feed motor 9 respectively
The surface that ignition tip 7 is directed toward workpiece 1 is sent and passes through, workpiece surface can be plane and be also possible to curved surface；
Wherein as described above, two one metal wires are conveyed by two wire-feed motors respectively, the wire feed rate of two wire-feed motors can be single
Solely adjust；Identical component may be selected according to melting and coating process needs in the ingredient of specific first wire 5 and the second wire 6
Wire also may be selected the wire of heterogeneity, solid wire may be selected, and the wire of powder core also may be selected；First
The identical wire of diameter may be selected according to melting and coating process needs in the diameter of wire 5 and the second wire 6, also may be selected straight
The solid metal silk or powder that diameter is φ 1.0mm ~ φ 1.6mm may be selected in the different wire of diameter, preferred two one metal wire
Core metal silk；The wire feed rate of first wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire-feed motor 9 can choose according to melting and coating process needs simultaneously
Identical wire feed rate, also may be selected different wires feed rate, and the range of wire feed rate is 0 ~ 200mm/s, preferably 20 ~
200mm/s 。
Step 2: adjusting the angle and orientation of the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 by ignition tip 7, ignition tip can
The direction of wire is constrained, and spacing and angle between adjustable two one metal wires；It specifically includes: (1) being adjusted by ignition tip 7
Spacing and angle between whole first wire 5 and the second wire 6, its spacing range be 0 ~ 8mm, preferably 0.1-6mm,
Its angle is 0 ° ~ 45 °, preferably 5 ° -40 °；(2) the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and workpiece are adjusted by ignition tip 7
The distance between 1 and angle, distance range is 3 ~ 40mm, and preferably 5-30mm, angular range is 0 ° ~ 60 °, preferably
5-45°。
Step 3: ignition tip 7 and workpiece 1 are connected to first electrode and second the two poles of the earth of silk material heating device 10,
Silk material heating device 10 start when, ignition tip 7 between workpiece 1 the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 will be heated,
In the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 by the principle being heated be: when the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 and workpiece 1
When contact, the two poles of the earth of silk material heating device are switched on to form current loop, since wire itself has certain resistance, electric current
By when can generate resistance heat, the heat Q=I2Rt generated.The silk material heating device 10 is an AC or DC power,
Its floating voltage≤20V, 0 ~ 20v of operating voltage are simultaneously adjustable, and 0 ~ 1000A of operating current is simultaneously adjustable.
Step 4: laser 4, which is set to workpiece, waits for the top on cladding surface, and control the laser beam 3 of laser output
With the molten bath position that certain shapes and certain angle expose to the first wire 5, the second wire 6 is contacted with workpiece 1；
The wherein output shape control of laser beam 3 are as follows: the light that laser beam 3 is formed after shaping in the cladding position of workpiece surface
Shape of spot is rectangle or ellipse, and the power density of laser beam is 100w/mm2 ~ 2000w/mm2, and laser beam spot is complete
The cladding end of two one metal wires is covered, preferred laser beam spot maximum length is bigger than the distance between on the outside of two one metal wires
0.5mm ~ 5mm, preferably 1-3mm；
The wherein output angle control of laser beam are as follows: the angle control of the transmission direction of laser beam 3 and the first wire 5 for 30 ° ~
90 °, preferably at 30-60 °, the angle control of the transmission direction of laser beam and the second wire 6 is 30 ° ~ 90 °, is preferably existed
30-60°。
Step 5: the relative motion road between control workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and laser beam 3
Diameter, two silk materials after heating are admitted to laser beam spot position and are melted to form molten bath, by control workpiece and silk material, swash
Relative motion between light beam forms cladding layer in workpiece surface；
The relative motion side between workpiece 1 and the first wire 5, the second wire 6 and laser beam 3 can have specifically been planned in advance
To and path, speed of related movement control in 0 ~ 200mm/s, preferably 20 ~ 200mm/s, movement of the molten bath in workpiece surface
Speed (cladding linear velocity) control is 20mm/s ~ 200mm/s；Continue the first metal of path clustering according to setting in cladding process
The motion track of the 5, second wire 6 of silk and laser beam in workpiece surface, the first wire 5 heated through silk material heating device 10
The molten bath position for being continuously fed to contact with workpiece 1 with the second wire 6 forms silk in workpiece surface after the fusing of laser beam 3
Material laser cladding layer completes bimetallic silk material laser cladding process.
Above-mentioned bimetallic silk material laser cladding method provided by the invention can be adjusted flexibly by using two angle orientations
Wire, and rectangle or oval-shaped laser beam hot spot is cooperated to carry out laser melting coating, makes silk material raw material and laser beam spot
Surface area increases to twice compared to traditional technology, and silk material raw material do not increase in the thickness of projecting direction, thus
In the case where keeping laser energy density constant, it is remarkably improved metal wire material laser melting coating efficiency 2 times or more；Simultaneously by adopting
Cladding is carried out with the wire of two heterogeneities, different-diameter, different wires feed rate, each element in obtained cladding layer
Content can be calculated with following formula:
W=(W1 π r12v1 ρ 1+ W2 π r22v2 ρ 2)/(π r12v1 ρ 1+ π r22v2 ρ 2) × 100%
So that can be reached as desired by ingredient, diameter and the wire feed rate for adjusting any one one metal wire in actual use
To the adjustment to cladding composition of layer, solve that the material category that current metal wire material laser melting and coating technique encounters is few, material adjustment
Match difficult problem.
Embodiment 1
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present embodiment is the surface laser cladding of water injecting pump plunger rod (claiming plunger rod afterwards), plunger shank diameter 50mm, cladding
Zone length 300mm, material 40Cr；The bimetallic silk material laser melting coating scheme of plunger rod is using Germany in the present embodiment
The 4Kw semiconductor optical fibre output laser of Laserline company, adjusting laser beam in the spot size that workpiece surface is formed is
The rectangular light spot of 6mm*2mm, optical maser wavelength 1064nm；The first wire 5 selected is common and solid 2Cr17 inexpensively
Material, the second wire 6 of selection are the metal-powder-core silk material TY-01 for being easily adjusted ingredient, and two kinds of silk material diameters and density are
1.6mm and 7.93g/cm3, the Contents of Main Components of two kinds of silk materials such as table 1:
1 2Cr17 and TY-01 material composition table of table
The detailed process of the present embodiment are as follows:
1) the first wire 5-2Cr17 and the second wire 6- TY-01 are respectively arranged in the first wire-feed motor 8 and the second wire feed
On machine 9, by it also cross ignition tip 7；
2) ignition tip 7 is adjusted, is made in 10 ° of angles between the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 and workpiece 1, and make the first metal
Angle between silk 5 and the second wire 6 is 0 °, makes the spacing between 6 inside of 5 inside of the first wire and the second wire
2mm, while making contacting to cladding surface for the end of the first wire 5 and the second wire 6 and workpiece 1, contact point, which is located at, swashs
Beam and focus position；
3) laser beam for adjusting laser makes the surface of laser beam and workpiece 1 in 90 ° of angles, i.e. the surface normal side along workpiece 1
To；
4) silk material heating device uses floating voltage for the DC power supply of 15V, and positive pole connects ignition tip, and cathode connects workpiece；
5) composite wire melting and coating process parameter is set are as follows: laser power 4kW, the wire feed rate 60mm/s of the first wire-feed motor 8, second
The wire feed rate 15mm/s of wire-feed motor 9, silk material heating device electric current 230A, cladding linear velocity 60mm/s, cladding path is from left
To right-hand screw cladding, spiral path overlapping rate is 30%；
6) the plunger rod surface is fully completed cladding after cladding carries out 190s；
Through the above scheme, it is calculated according to the ingredient of the first wire 5, the ingredient of the second wire 6 and cladding composition of layer public
Formula:
W=(W1 π r12v1 ρ 1+ W2 π r22v2 ρ 2)/(π r12v1 ρ 1+ π r22v2 ρ 2) × 100%
It can show that the cladding composition of layer obtained on the plunger rod is shown in Table 2, and by sample detection, the result obtained and formula meter
It is consistent to calculate result.
2 plunger rod cladding layer component list of table
By selecting different wires as raw material, the wire feed rate by controlling wire carries out the scheme of the present embodiment
Cladding has obtained required cladding composition of layer, and inexpensively, quickly meeting different parts needs the difference of surface fused coating
It asks；Scheme through this embodiment, for the cladding layer obtained on the plunger rod with a thickness of 0.63mm, cladding efficiency is 0.9 ㎡/h,
It is 2 ~ 4 times of current monofilament silk material laser melting coating, by cladding layer composition measurement and sampling observation microstructure, measures cladding layer
Dilution rate is 8%, heat affected area 0.5mm, is HRC46 by the clad layer surface hardness that hardness determination measures, and obtain
Cladding layer is smooth, smooth, and cladding layer inside solid zero defect, cladding layer is well combined with matrix.Fully meet water filling pump plunger
The requirement of bar surface laser cladding.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system characterized by comprising laser (4), the first wire (5), second
Wire (6), ignition tip (7), the first wire-feed motor (8), the second wire-feed motor (9) and silk material heating device (10), described first send
Silk machine (8) is for providing the first wire (5), and second wire-feed motor (9) is for providing the second wire (6), and described first
Wire (5) and the second wire (6) pass through side by side the ignition tip (7) subsequently point to workpiece (1) to cladding surface, it is described to swash
Light device (4) be set to workpiece (1) to cladding surface, the ignition tip (7) and workpiece (1) are connected to the silk material
Two electrodes of heating device (10), after silk material heating device (10) starting, first wire (5) and the second metal
Silk (6) be heated and laser output laser beam (3) effect under cladding in workpiece (1) will be to cladding surface.
2. bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first wire (5)
It is solid metal silk and/or powder core wire of the diameter in 1.0mm ~ 1.6mm with the second wire (6)；First wire-feed motor
(8) it can individually be adjusted with the wire feed rate of the second wire-feed motor (9), and wire feed rate adjustable range is 0 ~ 200mm/s.
3. bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that ignition tip (7) energy
The spacing and angle between first wire (5) and the second wire (6) are enough adjusted, wherein first wire and
Spacing adjustable range between two wires is 0 ~ 8mm, the angle between first wire (5) and the second wire (6)
Adjustable range is 0 ° ~ 45 °；The ignition tip (7) can adjust first wire (5), the second wire (6) and workpiece
The distance between (1) and angle, wherein the distance between first wire (5) and workpiece (1) adjustable range are 3 ~ 40mm,
The distance between second wire (6) and workpiece (1) adjustable range are 3 ~ 40mm, first wire (5) and workpiece
Angle adjustable range between surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °, the angle adjustable range between second wire (6) and workpiece surface
It is 0 ° ~ 60 °.
4. bimetallic silk material laser melting coating system according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the silk material adds
Thermal (10) is AC or DC power, and floating voltage≤20V, operating voltage is adjustable between 0 ~ 20v, operating current 0 ~
It is adjustable between 1000A；The power density of the laser is 100w/mm2 ~ 2000w/mm2, the laser beam of the laser output
(3) rectangular light spot or elliptical spot of two one metal wires can be covered in workpiece surface formation after shaping, hot spot is maximum
Length is than the big 0.5mm ~ 5mm in the distance between two one metal wires projection outside, the transmission of the laser beam (3) of the laser output
Angle between direction and the first wire (5) is adjustable between 30 ° ~ 90 °, the transmission of the laser beam (3) of the laser output
Angle between direction and the second wire (6) is adjustable between 30 ° ~ 90 °.
5. a kind of bimetallic silk material laser cladding method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: by the first wire (5) and the second wire (6) respectively by the first wire-feed motor (8) and the second wire-feed motor (9) simultaneously
Row be conveyed through ignition tip (7) be directed toward workpiece (1) to cladding surface；
Step 2: by ignition tip (7) adjust angle between the first wire (5) and the second wire (6) and spacing and
Angle and distance between first wire (5) and the second wire (6) and workpiece (1)；
Step 3: by ignition tip (7) and workpiece (1) be connected to silk material heating device (10) first electrode and second liang
Pole, by silk material heating device (10) by the first wire (5) and the second wire (6) between ignition tip (7) and workpiece (1)
Heating；
Step 4: laser (4), which is set to workpiece, waits for the top on cladding surface, and laser is controlled with certain shapes and certain
Laser beam is exposed to the molten bath position that the first wire (5) and the second wire (6) are contacted with workpiece (1) by angle；
Step 5: laser beam in the molten bath position by the first wire (5) and (6) cladding of the second wire in workpiece (1) table
Face, and it is opposite with the first wire (5), the second wire (6) and laser beam (3) according to predefined paths control workpiece (1)
Movement, to form laser cladding layer in workpiece surface.
6. bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described wherein in step 1
First wire (5) and the second wire (6) are selected as diameter in the solid metal silk and/or powder core metal of 1.0mm ~ 1.6mm
Silk；The wire feed rate of first wire-feed motor (8) and the second wire-feed motor (9) can be adjusted individually between 0 ~ 200mm/s.
7. bimetallic silk material laser cladding method according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that wherein in step 2, institute
Stating spacing between the first wire and the second wire is 0 ~ 8mm, first wire (5) and the second wire (6) it
Between angle be 0 ° ~ 45 °, the distance between first wire (5) and workpiece (1) be 3 ~ 40mm, second wire
(6) and the distance between workpiece (1) is 3 ~ 40mm, and the angle between first wire (5) and workpiece surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °,
Angle between second wire (6) and workpiece surface is 0 ° ~ 60 °.
8. according to the described in any item bimetallic silk material laser cladding methods of claim 5-7, which is characterized in that wherein step 3
In, the silk material heating device (10) is AC or DC power, and floating voltage≤20V, operating voltage is adjustable between 0 ~ 20v,
Operating current is adjustable between 0 ~ 1000A.
9. according to the described in any item bimetallic silk material laser cladding methods of claim 5-8, which is characterized in that wherein step 4
In, the power density of the laser is 100W/mm2 ~ 2000W/mm2, and the laser beam (3) of the laser output passes through shaping
The rectangular light spot or elliptical spot of two one metal wires, than two gold of hot spot maximum length can be covered in workpiece surface formation afterwards
Belong to the big 0.5mm ~ 5mm in the distance between silk projection outside, the transmission direction and the first gold medal of the laser beam (3) of the laser output
The angle belonged between silk (5) is 30 ° ~ 90 °, the transmission direction of the laser beam (3) of the laser output and the second wire (6)
Between angle be 30 ° ~ 90 °；Wherein in step 5, the workpiece (1) and the first wire (5), the second wire (6) and
In 0 ~ 200mm/s, molten bath is in the movement speed control of workpiece surface for speed of related movement control between laser beam (3)
20mm/s~200mm/s。
10. according to the described in any item bimetallic silk material laser cladding methods of claim 5-9, which is characterized in that be formed in work
The content of a certain elemental composition is calculated with following formula in the laser cladding layer on part surface:
W=(W1 π r12v1 ρ 1+ W2 π r22v2 ρ 2)/(π r12v1 ρ 1+ π r22v2 ρ 2) ×
100%,
In above-mentioned formula, W is the content of a certain elemental composition in laser cladding layer, and W1 is the elemental composition in the first wire
(5) content in, W2 are content of the elemental composition in the second wire (6), and π is pi, and r1 is the first wire (5)
Radius, r2 be the second wire (6) radius, v1 be the first wire (5) corresponding first wire-feed motor (8) wire feed speed
Degree, v2 are the wire feed rate of the second wire (6) corresponding second wire-feed motor (9), and ρ 1 is the density of the first wire (5), ρ 2
For the density of the second wire (6), pass through the element of the first wire of selection and the second wire composition, diameter and wire feed speed
Degree realizes the adjusting to element component content a certain in laser cladding layer.
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| CN113913818A (en) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-01-11 | 苏州工业职业技术学院 | Laser cladding system and method thereof |
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