CN110447498B

CN110447498B - Carnation seed cutting rooting process

Info

Publication number: CN110447498B
Application number: CN201910760285.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张冬雪
Original assignee: Yunnan Yingmao Flower Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan Yingmao Flower Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-16
Filing date: 2019-08-16
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-16
Also published as: CN110447498A

Abstract

The invention relates to a carnation seed stick cutting rooting process, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The process comprises five steps of seed selection, seed pretreatment, plug cuttage, cuttage later-stage management and seedling taking. The process improves the seed treatment medicament and optimizes the cutting management link by controlling the internal quality of the seed, thereby perfecting the carnation cut flower seed cutting rooting process so as to achieve the aims of improving the seedling quality and reducing the cost. Compared with the bare-root cutting in the prior art, the process of the invention is easier to control the quality of the seedlings, the seedling rate after the seedlings are planted is as high as 99 percent, and the rate is obviously improved compared with the bare-root cutting; the dosage of the cutting medium is reduced by 20 percent, and the cutting medium is disposable, thereby being beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases.

Description

Carnation seed cutting rooting process

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a carnation seed cutting rooting process.

Background

Carnation, original name: dianthus caryophyllus, Latin, named Dianthus caryophyllus, Shitou Shizhu, Muscosa albo-marginata, and Dianthus caryophyllus, is a perennial herb of Dianthus of Diazaceae, 40-70 cm high, and has no hair in the whole plant and green powder. The stem is bushy, upright, lignified at the base and sparsely branched at the top. The leaves are linear in shape like needles, the top ends are long and tapered, the base parts are slightly short sheaths, the median is obvious, the upper part is concave, and the lower part is slightly convex. The common branch end of the flower has fragrance, pink, purple red or white; the pedicel is shorter than the calyx; wide egg shape, short tip, cylindrical calyx, needle-shaped calyx teeth, and membranous edge; the petals are inverted oval, and the top edges of the petals are provided with irregular teeth; the stamen reaches the throat; the flower pillar extends out of the flower. The egg shape of the capsule is slightly shorter than the persistent calyx. The flowering period is 5-8 months, and the fruit period is 8-9 months. The carnation cut flower is one of four main forces of world fresh cut flowers, and is mainly based on the cuttage scale propagation of female parent seed strips, and the improvement of the rooting rate of the seed strip cuttage is always the core problem concerned by seedling production enterprises.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a carnation seed cutting rooting process to improve the seedling quality and reduce the cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the carnation seed cutting rooting process comprises the following steps:

step (1), selecting seed strips:

(1.1) medicament treatment: 1-2 days before harvest of the seed strips, spraying the female parent plants by using a commercially available nutrient solution, and preferably uniformly covering water mist on the surface of the leaf surfaces;

(1.2) quality control in the seed strip harvesting process: selecting seed strips with the length of 10-15 cm and the stem thickness of 4-6 mm for harvesting, wherein the color of the seed strips is normal, the leaves are thick, the tip burning does not exist, the deformity does not exist, and the chemical injury, the fertilizer injury and the mechanical injury do not exist; no pest, disease and virus; the number of the blades is 5-6, and the blades are opened; the stem is round and free of hollow, the length range of the first section from bottom to top is 0.5-1.5 cm, the 2 nd section is not elongated, the cut is flat and free of burrs;

(1.3) precooling: pre-cooling the collected seed strips at 4 ℃, sealing the box and refrigerating for storage after the temperature of the seed strips is reduced to 4 ℃, wherein the refrigerating temperature is 4 ℃;

(1.4) ex-warehouse inspection: the seed strips are selected for inspection when being taken out of the warehouse, and the incision of the seed strips is required to have no browning phenomenon;

step (2), pretreatment of the seed strips:

(2.1) preparing seed strip conditioning powder: dissolving naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid by using alcohol with the volume concentration of 75% until the final concentration of the naphthylacetic acid is 1200-2000 ppm and the final concentration of the indolebutyric acid is 1200-2000 ppm to obtain alcohol solution of hormone; then, alcohol solution of hormone and 2kg of talcum powder are mixed and stirred evenly, dried in the shade and crushed, then 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder and 1.0mg/kg of vitamin A are added according to 10g/kg of alcohol solution of hormone and mixed evenly to obtain seed strip treating powder;

(2.2) seed strip treatment: treating the seed strips discharged from the warehouse in the step (1.4) by using the seed strip treating powder prepared in the step (2.1), wherein the height of the dipped powder is 0.5-1.0 cm of the base part of the seed strips, so that each seed strip is ensured to be evenly stained with the seed strip treating powder, and the seed strips are strictly prevented from being stained with leaf sheath parts;

and (3) plug cutting:

(3.1) preparing a plug cutting substrate: mixing perlite, coconut husk and imported peat according to a ratio of 4: 3: 3, mixing the mixture evenly to obtain a cutting medium; the pH value of the substrate is required to be 5.5-6.5, and the EC value is controlled to be below 1.0;

(3.2) substrate disinfection: the humidity of the substrate is wet by hand feeling, and the substrate is extruded without moisture when being held by hand; sterilizing the substrate with steam;

(3.3) cutting the seed strips: cutting the seed strips processed in the step (2.2) to a plug tray filled with the cutting substrate processed in the step (3.2), wherein the seed strips are required to be upright, and the cutting depth is suitable for the upright standing of the seed strips after cutting;

step (4), performing cuttage later-stage management:

(4.1) spray treatment:

1-3 days after cuttage, at 8: 30-18: spraying for 20-25 s every time between 00 hours, and separating for 4-6 min between two adjacent times;

before callus formation, at 8: 30-18: spraying is carried out between 00 hours, each time of spraying is 16-20 s, and the interval between two adjacent times is 6-8 min;

callus formation to the beginning of rooting, at 8: 30-18: spraying for 00 hours, wherein each time of spraying is 16-20 s, and the interval between two adjacent times is 12-15 min;

starting to grow roots until 80% of root balls grow to 2-3 cm, and treating the root balls at a temperature of 8: 30-18: spraying is carried out between 00 hours, each time of spraying is 16-20 s, and the interval between two adjacent times is 16-22 min; stopping spraying when 80% of root clusters grow to the diameter of 2-3 cm;

(4.2) climate control:

temperature: 20-26 ℃;

relative humidity of air: at least more than 95% of non-rooted seedlings, 70-80% of rooted seedlings and 30-50% of rooted seedlings at the later stage; the late rooting stage means that more than 80% of root systems grow to 2-3 cm;

(4.3) pest control in the cutting process:

on the 0 th day, using a 2000-fold liquid of 3 percent abamectin and a 800-fold liquid of 70 percent mancozeb, and on the 16 th afternoon of sunny days: 00, spraying treatment is carried out, and preferably leaf surface wetting is carried out;

in the first week, the solution containing 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl is used in the morning of 10: 00, spraying, preferably spraying the leaf surface with moisture;

in the second week, the 3% guangkuling 1000-fold liquid is used, and in the afternoon of a certain sunny day, the weight ratio is 16: 00, root irrigation treatment is carried out, and the root irrigation liquid medicine quantity is 4kg per square meter;

in the third week, 70% mancozeb 800 times liquid is used, and in a certain sunny day, 10% in the morning: 00, spraying, preferably spraying the leaf surface with moisture;

in the fourth week, 50% benomyl 1000 times liquid is used, and in a certain sunny day, 10 in the morning: 00, root irrigation treatment is carried out, and the root irrigation liquid medicine quantity is 4kg per square meter;

step (5), seedling taking:

when 95% of the root systems of the seedlings wrap the plug substrate to form clusters and the root systems turn white, the seedlings can be taken.

Further, in the step (1.3), the pre-cooling temperature is preferably 4 ℃, and the pre-cooling time is preferably 20-26 hours.

Further, it is preferable that the steam sterilization time in the step (3.2) is 60 minutes.

Further, in the step (3.3), preferably, the cutting density is such that the leaves of the seedlings immediately after the seedling rejuvenation are mutually lapped but not lapped on the leaves of the inner leaf.

Further, it is preferable that in the step (4.2), in the case of climate control, shading is performed as little as possible while ensuring that the blades are not dehydrated.

Further, preferably, in the management of the late stage of cuttage in the step (4), the management of water and fertilizer in the cuttage process is also included, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

on day 7-15, the pH value is 5.5-6, the EC value is 0.7-0.9, the optimal yield is 12-36-11+ TE: 00 spraying the fertilizer liquid to the leaf surfaces twice a week, wherein the spraying amount of the fertilizer liquid is 0.3-0.4kg per square meter;

on 16 th to 30 th days, the mixture is treated with the excellent yield of 20 to 20+ TE with the pH value of 5.5 to 6 and the EC value of 1 in the morning of a sunny day of 10: 00 is sprayed on the leaf surfaces twice a week, and the spraying amount of the fertilizer liquid is 0.4-0.5kg per square meter.

Further, preferably, in the step (4) of management of the late stage of cuttage, water control is further included, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

when 80% of the root systems of the seeds grow to 2-3 cm, starting a water control program, wherein the specific requirement of the water control program is to stop an automatic spraying system, balance the humidity of the matrix in the plug tray by a manual water replenishing mode, and the humidity standard of the matrix before seedling picking is that the matrix is wetted when being grabbed by hands, but is not agglomerated and naturally scattered, and the water content of the matrix is 40-50%.

The specific method for artificially replenishing water comprises the following steps: in general, water is supplemented manually for 2 days once, so that the alternation of dryness and wetness of the matrix is kept, and the development of the root system is promoted; the in-process can be strengthened patrolling and examining, local moisturizing is carried out to well ventilated places such as seedbed marginal, afterbody, ensures that matrix humidity is balanced, and the seedling withers and dewaters the phenomenon so far.

The nutrient solution in the step (1) is preferably prepared by adding monopotassium phosphate into a 1500-fold solution of a leaf nutrient source A of Guilin Huibafu biotechnology limited until the mass concentration is 1 per mill.

In the step (4.3), the preparation method of the 2000 times liquid of 3 percent abamectin and the 800 times liquid of 70 percent mancozeb comprises the following steps: 0.5g of 3 percent abamectin and 1.25g of 70 percent mancozeb are added into 1L of water and mixed evenly.

The humidity of the substrate is preferably 40-50% when the seedlings are taken in the step (5).

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the process improves the seed strip treatment agent and optimizes the cuttage management link by controlling the internal quality of the seed strips, thereby perfecting the carnation cut flower seed strip cuttage rooting process and achieving the purposes of improving the seedling quality and reducing the cost.

Compared with the bare-root cutting in the prior art, the process of the invention is easier to control the quality of the seedlings, the seedling rate after the seedlings are planted is as high as 99 percent, and the rate is obviously improved compared with the bare-root cutting; the using amount of the cutting matrix is reduced by 20%, and the cutting matrix is disposable (the matrix is used only once and is not recycled; the bare root cutting only takes 1/3 matrix away and 2/3 matrix is recycled), so that the method is favorable for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.

1. Selection of seed strips

1.1 treatment with pharmaceutical Agents

1-2 days before harvest of the seed strips, female parent plants are sprayed with nutrient solution, the inherent nutrient state of the seed strips is adjusted, and the resistance is improved.

The nutrient solution is preferably a solution A1500 times of leaf nutrient source of Guilin Huibafu biological science and technology Limited, and monopotassium phosphate is added to the solution until the mass concentration is 1 per mill.

Quality control in 1.2 seed strip harvesting process

Selecting seed strips with the length of 10-15 cm and the stem thickness of 4-6 mm for harvesting, wherein the seed strips are required to have normal leaf color, thick leaves, no tip burning, no deformity, no phytotoxicity, no fertilizer injury and no mechanical damage; no disease, insect pest and virus; the number of the blades is 5-6, and the blades are opened; the stem is round and free of hollow, the length range of the first section from bottom to top is 0.5-1.5 cm, the 2 nd section is not elongated, the cut is flat and free of burrs.

1.3 conveying the harvested seed strips back to a pre-cooling chamber of a cold storage within 0.5 hour, wherein the pre-cooling temperature is 4 ℃, the pre-cooling time is 20-26 hours, and the seed strips are sealed and refrigerated for storage after pre-cooling, and the refrigeration temperature is 4 ℃.

And 1.4, performing spot inspection on the seed strips when the seed strips are delivered from the warehouse, wherein the incision of the seed strips is required to be free from browning phenomenon.

2. Pretreatment of seed strips

2.1 preparation of rooting powder (unique formula) as strip treatment agent

2.1.1 formulation materials: naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, talcum powder, 75% alcohol, 40% dimethachlon and vitamins.

2.1.2 preparation concentration: 1200 to 2000 ppm.

2.1.3 preparation method: fully dissolving hormone in alcohol according to the preparation concentration, mixing with 2kg of talcum powder uniformly, drying in the shade, kneading, adding 40% dimethachlon, vitamin A and the like, making clear marks, sealing and placing in a cool and dry place.

2.2 hormone treatment procedures

The height of the dipped powder is 0.5-1.0 cm of the base of each seed strip, so that each seed strip is guaranteed to be evenly stained with the powder, and hormone is strictly prohibited from being stained with the leaf sheath.

3 plug cutting

3.1 plug-in substrate ratio (unique formula):

and (3) cutting medium mixing proportion of 40% perlite, 30% coconut husk and 30% imported peat, wherein the pH value of the medium is 5.5-6.5, and the EC value is controlled to be below 1.0 (extraction rod).

3.2. Substrate disinfection

The substrate has moderate and balanced humidity, is wet by hand feeling, and is extruded without water when being held by hand. The substrate is sterilized by steam, and the temperature of the end of the sterilizing tube reaches more than 90 ℃ for more than 60 minutes.

3.3 cutting standards of species

Post-insertion seed bar state: the seed strips are upright and have moderate depth.

Density: after seedling revival, the adjacent seedling leaves mutually butt but do not butt against the opposite central leaves.

Depth: the seed strips after cuttage are upright and stable.

4. Late stage management of cuttage

4.1 automatic spray program set criteria (long term test best program set protocol) as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

4.2 climate control standards

Temperature: is suitable for 20-26 DEG C

Humidity: at least more than 95 percent of the seedlings which do not root, 70 to 80 percent of the seedlings which have root and can be lower at the later rooting stage.

Illumination: shading (using 50% shading net) 1-7 days after cuttage, and ensuring that the leaves are not dehydrated and shade as little as possible.

4.3 Pest control in cuttage (prevention effect 100%), as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

4.4 Water and fertilizer management (special management, improvement of seedling internal quality) in the cuttage process is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

4.5 Water control Standard

And (4) starting a water control program in time when 80% of the root systems of the seeds grow to 2-3 cm according to the weather condition. During the period of controlling water, more time for increasing ventilation and illumination is needed, but the premise is to avoid the plant from being dehydrated and wilted.

5 standard for taking seedlings

5.1 root system: 95% of the seedling root systems are wrapped by the plug substrate to form clusters, and the root systems are whitened.

5.2 matrix: when the seedlings are taken, the substrate humidity standard is that the substrate feels slightly moist, and the substrate has moist feeling.

The invention tests the prevention effect of root irrigation on seedling diseases in the cutting stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:

1. purpose of the test

In the test, the carnation seed in the cutting stage is irrigated with roots for many times, so that the infection of rhizopus, rhizoctonia solani, fusarium oxysporum and other germs is prevented, and the inherent quality and the transplanting survival rate of seedlings are improved.

2. Test materials

Drill seed, 3% Guankuling (metalaxyl 0.5% + hymexazol 2.5%), 50% benomyl.

3. Test protocol

3.1 influence of treatment with different concentrations of chemicals on root and shoot rot, the treatment was divided into the treatment modes shown in Table 4, except for the control group, treatment 1 group and treatment 3 groups of chemicals, the treatment modes were the same as in inventive example 1, and treatment 2 group was inventive example 1.

TABLE 4

Remarking: each treatment of the experiment is repeated for 3 times, and 4 persons complete the hormone treatment and cuttage operation of the seed strips.

The water and plant protection management is carried out by a specially-assigned person according to the test requirements. The cuttage date is 3 months and 21 days, and the seedling taking date is 4 months and 20 days.

4. Assay analysis

4.1 influence of the treatment with different concentrations of the agents on the cutting seedling rate of carnations, the results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5

Remarking: counting the number of root rot seedlings and qualified seedlings when seedlings are taken (20 days in 4 months), wherein the root rot rate = 100% of the number of root rot seedlings/total cuttage number; the seedling rate = the number of qualified seedlings/total number of cuttings 100%.

As can be seen from Table 5, the treatment of root irrigation by using the medicament in the cutting stage can obviously reduce the number of root rot seedlings and the infection rate of the base of the stem in the cutting link, thereby improving the internal quality of the seedlings.

As can be seen from table 5, the treatment with three different concentration gradients of the agent has a significant effect on the root rot rate of the seedlings after cuttage, wherein the treatment 2: cutting for 10 days, cutting 3% of Guankuling (1000 times), cutting for 24 days, and cutting 50% of benomyl (1000 times), wherein the root and stem rot rate of seedlings after cutting treatment is the lowest, and the concentration is the optimal use concentration of the powder diamond variety in the medicament treatment in 4 months.

4.2 influence of the treatment with different concentrations of the chemical on the root rot rate of carnation seedlings at the seedling stage, the results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6

Remarking: performing data statistics on the number of root rot plants 30 days after the seedling is fixedly planted (5 months and 2 days), wherein the root rot rate = the number of root rot plants/the total fixed planting amount is 100%;

as can be seen from table 6, the treatment with three different concentration gradients of the agents has a significant effect on the root rot rate after the seedling is planted, wherein the treatment 2: cutting for 10 days, cutting 3% of Guankuling (1000 times), cutting for 24 days, and cutting 50% of benomyl (1000 times), wherein the root and stem rot rate of the seedlings after the treatment and the planting is the lowest, and the concentration is the optimal use concentration of the powder diamond variety in the medicament treatment in 4 months.

5. Conclusion of the experiment

Through the test, the root is irrigated with the pesticide in the cuttage stage of the carnation seed strips to prevent the rootstock rot, so that the internal quality of the carnation seedlings can be improved, and the rootstock rot of the seedlings can be obviously reduced.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The carnation seed cutting rooting process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step (1), selecting seed strips:

(1.2) quality control in the seed strip harvesting process: selecting seed strips with the length of 10-15 cm and the stem thickness of 4-6 mm for harvesting, wherein the seed strips are required to have normal leaf color, thick leaves, no tip burning, no deformity, no phytotoxicity, no fertilizer injury and no mechanical damage; no disease, insect pest and virus; the number of the blades is 5-6, and the blades are opened; the stem is round and free of hollow, the length range of the first section from bottom to top is 0.5-1.5 cm, the 2 nd section is not elongated, the cut is flat and free of burrs;

(1.3) precooling: pre-cooling the collected seed strips for 20-26 h at 4 ℃, sealing the box and refrigerating for preservation after the temperature of the seed strips is reduced to 4 ℃, wherein the refrigerating temperature is 4 ℃;

step (2), pretreatment of the seed strips:

step (3), plug cutting:

(3.2) substrate disinfection: the humidity of the substrate is wet by hand feeling, and the substrate is extruded without moisture when being held by hand; sterilizing the substrate with steam for 60 min;

(3.3) cutting the seed strips: cutting the seed strips processed in the step (2.2) to a plug tray filled with the cutting medium processed in the step (3.2), wherein the seed strips are required to be upright, the cutting depth is suitable for the upright standing of the seed strips after cutting, and the cutting density is suitable for the adjacent seedling leaves after seedling revival to mutually butt against each other but not to butt against the central leaves;

step (4), performing cuttage later-stage management:

(4.1) spray treatment:

day 1-3 after cuttage, at 8: 30-18: spraying for 20-25 s every time between 00 hours, and separating for 4-6 min between two adjacent times;

(4.2) climate control:

temperature: 20-26 ℃;

during climate control, the blades are kept from dehydrating, and shade is kept as little as possible;

(4.3) pest control in the cutting process:

on the 0 th day, using a 2000-fold liquid of 3 percent abamectin and a 800-fold liquid of 70 percent mancozeb, and on the 16 th afternoon of sunny days: 00, spraying, preferably spraying the leaf surface with moisture;

(4.4) water and fertilizer management in the cutting process is as follows:

on 16 th to 30 th days, the mixture is treated with the excellent yield of 20 to 20+ TE with the pH value of 5.5 to 6 and the EC value of 1 in the morning of a sunny day of 10: 00 spraying the fertilizer liquid to the leaf surfaces twice a week, wherein the spraying amount of the fertilizer liquid is 0.4-0.5kg per square meter;

(4.5) controlling water in the cuttage process as follows:

when 80% of seed root systems grow to 2-3 cm, starting a water control program, wherein the specific requirement of the water control program is to stop an automatic spraying system, balance the humidity of the substrate in the plug tray in a manual water replenishing way, and the humidity standard of the substrate before seedling picking is that the substrate is grabbed by hands to have a moist feeling, but is not agglomerated and naturally scattered, and the water content of the substrate is 40-50%;

step (5), seedling taking: