CN109275556A - A kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower, comprising the following steps: selection matrix；The breeding of carnation potted flower uses vegetative propagation, specifically includes and adopts fringe and cuttage；Carnation potted flower seedling management, specially control temperature, humidity, illumination and fertilizer and water management；Carnation potted flower finished product period management specifically includes temperature control, humid control, light control, moisture control and fertilizer and water management.Implantation methods of the invention can be improved rooting rate, planting percent, and can improve root condition, improve potted flower quality.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower

Technical field

The invention belongs to carnation planting technology fields, specifically, being related to a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower.

Background technique

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) also known as carnation (Carnation) are more for Caryophyllaceae, Carnation The evergreen Perennial Flowers of year life, make annual or perennial cultivation.Originate in the Mediterranean such as Sicily, southern Europe, North America, West Asia Littoral region, happiness is nice and cool, intolerant to sweltering heat, be suitable for air relatively dry, ventilation environment in grow.Existing 2 over thousands of year plants Train history.Carnation has the characteristics that grade is high, rich in color, fragrant, the florescence is long, good decorating effect, be at present in the world One of most widely used flowers.

Carnation is the traditional flowers cultivar in China, and according to ornamental use come point, type can be divided into cutting flower variety And pot variety, the past, nowadays, carnation was also a big attraction as potted flower sale mainly using Fresh Cutting flower as leading market. As external garden-variety and well-known gardening company enter China, external carnation potting new varieties are also introduced into China, market pin Amount is preferably, also deep to be liked by the majority of consumers.The Horticulture breeding expert in China also obtains in carnation potted flower breeding in recent years Certain achievement.

Carnation pot variety requires plant is short to strengthen compact, plant type beauty.Hair branch is more, and petal is more, and pattern is various and fresh It is gorgeous.

Carnation is herbaceos perennial, and life habit is as follows: first, happiness be air-dried, well-ventilated, sunshine Sufficient environment；It is cold-resistant；It is not drought-enduring.Avoid high temperature and humidity, the most suitable growth temperature is 19~21 DEG C, likes Acid soil, cultivates Soil requires fertilizer conservation, ventilation, draining good, is rich in humus.Second, illumination condition: sunshine plant in carnation category, happiness sun Light is sufficient.In addition to nursery stage and full-bloom stage, cause harm without the strong light of worry, and corolla diameter and increase can be increased by fill-in light Pattern vividness.Third, temperature condition: carnation happiness is nice and cool, intolerant to sweltering heat, can endure a degree of low temperature.If summer gas Temperature is higher than 35 DEG C or winter temperature is lower than 9 DEG C, and slowly even stopping can all occur in growth.4th, moisture condition: carnation Root system is the system of fibrous root, soil or the long-term ponding of medium or humidity is excessively high, blade surface long term high temperature, and it is normal raw to be unfavorable for its Long development.5th, edaphic condition: carnation likes fertilizer conservation, ventilation and the good soil of drainage performance, wherein being preferred with loam.It is suitable The soil pH value preferably grown is 5.6~6.4.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower, including following step It is rapid:

Step 1, matrix:

Step 1.1, matrix:

Host material is turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite, and mass ratio 6:3:1 makes soil porosity reach 3%-5%, It is sufficiently mixed after mixing uniformly and sprays insecticide and fungicide, sealed matrix with plastic foil, next day, that is, sabot uses；

Step 1.2, upper basin matrix:

When seedling length to 3~4 true leaves, it is able to carry out field planting, seedling age l5~20d；

The breeding of step 2, cuttage, carnation potted flower uses vegetative propagation, specifically includes and adopts fringe and cuttage；

Step 3, carnation potted flower seedling management, specially control temperature, humidity, illumination and fertilizer and water management；

Step 4, carnation potted flower finished product period management, specifically include temperature control, humid control, light control, moisture control System and fertilizer and water management.

Optionally, the hole tray specification in the step 1.1 is 28 centimetres of 54 cm x；50% carbendazim of fungicide Wettable powderTimes liquid.The requirement of upper basin matrix in the step 1.2 are as follows:

It is 4.5 cun-small 5 cun of 15-16cm plastic tubs, peat: perlite: garden mould (w/w/w)=6:3:1, EC1.2- with basin 1.5.Optionally, the cuttage in the step 2 specifically:

Step 2.1 adopts fringe:

Step 2.1.1, adopt fringe maternal plant garden: the plant age of maternal plant garden is young, and character of blooming is good, disease index zero, especially It should grow full, strong, no disease and pests harm；

Step 2.1.2, selection part: selecting short and thick lateral bud in the middle part of strong branch, and the bud laid has long 3 to 4 Centimetre, 4 leaf, 1 heart, cauline leaf is complete, stalk is sturdy, section is close, the condition that blade is thick and solid, color is dark green；

Step 2.1.3, it adopts fringe method: adopting cuttings and break bud with hand and cut without scissors, two hands carry out simultaneously, i.e., take on the other hand Major branch is dry, takes the bud for being elected to be cuttings on the other hand, and thumb and index finger pinch bud when picking, and blade and bud are broken lower folding outward simultaneously Disconnected, section will be close to internode, and outline band trunk cortex in bastem portion is sure not to injure bastem portion, guarantee that bastem portion section trace is intact, Retain cuttings top blade 4--5 piece, extractd more than base, prick for every 30 and pricked for 1, pays attention to the bud accomplished fluently placing shady place, if The same day not cuttage needs to place freezer, remains cuttage；

Step 2.1.4, adopt the fringe time: it is full to plant strain growth, when bud is sufficiently mature, that is, plant when being " 1 heart stage of 4 leaf " into Row beats bud, beats bud and carries out in the morning, water content of branch height is easy to take at this time；

Step 2.1.5, it the storage of fringe: if the fringe same day not cuttage, needs bud to be put into 0~4 DEG C of freezer, Yi Mianya Wither here dehydration, be not easy to take root, storage cuttings be annual nursery and it is annual it is balanced provide great convenience for flower, and disposably Batch jobs are carried out, are used manpower and material resources sparingly；

Step 2.2, cuttage:

Step 2.2.1, substrate preparation: matrix select mass ratio for 5: 1 perlite and turf；

Step 2.2.2, the preceding seedbed of cuttage and matrix prepare:

By turf and perlite in mass ratio it is to pour into seedbed at 5: 1 before cuttage, is uniformly mixed with clean water, then Matrix is flattened, for matrix laying with a thickness of 5cm, the matrix being layered on seedbed is suitable for that humidity is to pinch agglomerating, the pockets of base of energy with hand Mass-energy is scattered；

Step 2.2.3, cuttage is handled.

Optionally, the cuttage processing in the step 2.2.3 specifically:

Step 2.2.3.1, cutting time: the cuttage of carnation carries out after at 10 points in the morning or at 3 points in afternoon, cuttage season For March in early spring~November in autumn；

Step 2.2.3.2, cuttings base portion first cottage method: is dipped in into upper preprepared root-inducing powder, root-inducing powder before cuttage It is sufficiently glued in cutting base portion notch even；The cuttings branch for having dipped in root-inducing powder is inserted into matrix straight, depth is with the 1st pair of base portion Leaf, which touches stromal surface, to be advisable, that is, being inserted into 1 centimetre of matrix is advisable, and summer will insert deeply, and general 1.5-2 centimetres；Cuttage, which finishes, to be wanted Sufficient water is sprayed, control later is unsuitable overly moist, in order to avoid rotten；Cutting density should be connected with the upper blade between cuttings and cuttings, be planted Strain is mutually neither boxed out gap nor crowded for standard, and the management after being easy to cuttage in this way waters to it after cuttage, pour to Seedbed bottom just starts to drip to be advisable.

Optionally, the carnation potted flower seedling management in the step 3 specifically:

Step 3.1, temperature:

The temperature of taking root of carnation cuttage is 20~25 DEG C, is maintained at this temperature daily, 15d can take root；

Step 3.2, humidity:

Step 3.2.1, air humidity: 50% sunshade net is covered after carnation cuttage is complete, on slotting machine, improves slotting machine Humidity keeps blade face to cover 1 layer of moisture film, and respectively sprinkles water in cuttings and blade surface as the case may be daily, keeps cutting The air humidity of ambient enviroment, for the excessive evaporation for avoiding branches and leaves, it is desirable that slotting machine keeps higher air humidity, fragrant stone The slotting air humidity of bamboo spike is 80%~90%；

Step 3.2.2, soil moisture: under the premise of guaranteeing soil moisture, it is desirable that cutting medium ventilation is good, Yi Bao It holds wet, and drains good, in carnation cuttage early period, soil moisture is maintained at 70%~80%, pinches matrix with hand and drip But seedbed of not dripping is advisable；In the cuttage middle and later periods, soil moisture is maintained at 50%~60%, and it is agglomerating without dripping to pinch matrix with hand Water is advisable；

Step 3.3, illumination:

At cuttage initial stage, shaded with cover net, prevents the excessive transpiration of cuttage, appropriate shading is wanted after cutting cuttage, with Rising consumption moisture is avoided, arid is prevented to facilitate rooting, can take root in carnation cuttage 15d, should be gradually increased after taking root Illumination, with benefit growth；

Step 3.4, fertilizer and water management.

Optionally, the fertilizer and water management in the step 3.4 specifically:

Step 3.4.1, water management:

Step 3.4.1.1, cuttage antecedent moisture management, i.e., in 0~10d after cuttage:

Watering will irrigate for the first time after cuttage, make the water-holding capacity of medium up to saturation state lower limit, enable cuttings and matrix It combines closely, it is later the most key before its callus generates, it is desirable that and the blade moment, which maintains a small amount of moisture, to be existed, and The water-holding capacity of Medium Culture is maintained at 70%~80%, pinches that matrix is dripped but seedbed of not dripping is advisable with hand；In cuttage rooting frontal lobe Piece should keep wet, be sprayed water using spraying facility；

Spray time and spraying interval time are as follows: spray time 30-40 seconds, spraying interval time was 10-30 points Clock；

Step 3.4.1.2, cuttage mid-term water management, i.e., in 10~15d after cuttage:

In 10~15d of cuttage, the water-holding capacity of Medium Culture should be maintained at 50%~60%, with hand pinch matrix it is agglomerating without Dripping is advisable；

Step 3.4.1.3, cuttage later period water management, i.e., after the 15d after cuttage:

After 15d after cuttage, water content of substrate is 50%~60%, this stage spray time and spraying interval Time are as follows: spray time 20~40 seconds, spraying interval time was 20~40 minutes, when above-mentioned daily spray operations start-stop Between be morning 9 when at dusk 5 when, rain stop water spray, it is cloudy and cloudy, interval time be it is above-mentioned items 1.5-2 times, water Matter processing: this seedbed is tap water for spraying water, stores in pond；

Step 3.4.2, fertilizing management:

Step 3.4.2.1, fertilizer preparation method:

0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays on blade face；

Step 3.4.2.2, fertilizing method: taking foliage dressing method during carnation cuttage, sprays 1 time weekly, when fertilising Between carry out after 16:00 in the afternoon, and front vane surface of applying fertilizer should sufficiently dry, and the same day should not spray water again after blade fertilising.

Optionally, the carnation potted flower finished product period management in the step 4 specifically:

Step 4.1, temperature control:

Temperature requirement before upper basin: 18 DEG C -20 DEG C of daytime, night are not less than 0 DEG C, and what need to be listed ahead of time should improve as far as possible Night temperature reaches 6 DEG C -9 DEG C, and winter needs the covering of 2 layer films, and limit low temperature is -3 DEG C；

Temperature requirement after upper basin: carnation potted flower is to like the flowers that cool, and the optimum temperature of growth and development is 19 DEG C -21 DEG C, night temperature is advisable with 9 DEG C -10 DEG C；Day and night temperature is excessively high, and leaf is narrow, spends that small, branch is weak；35 DEG C of summer >, lower temperature has Full conducive to dwarfing, plant type, the florescence is also more relatively long；Day temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C, and night is at 12 DEG C；9 DEG C of winter < When slow growth, or even stop growing or show and is abnormal；15 DEG C to 20 DEG C of thermophilic, 7 DEG C to 10 DEG C of winter nocturnal temperature of growth；

Step 4.2, humid control:

Happiness ventilation, dry environment, air humidity are maintained at 60%~70%；The environment for avoiding high temperature and humidity, to the photoperiod Reaction it is insensitive, as long as therefore condition is suitable, Zhou Nianjun is bloomed, and sun-drenched environment could well-grown；Cultivation matrix is wanted Ask it is fertile, ventilation, drainage performance it is good, soil pH value be 6.0~6.5 faintly acid, avoid basin soil ponding；

Step 4.3, light control:

Sunlight is liked, in addition to seedling stage, full-bloom stage, to keep sufficient illumination as far as possible, carnation potted flower is the cumulative bad long-day Plant；It is appropriate manually to add light when winter low temperature dim light and successive cloudy days；It is such as chronically under low light condition, blade, branch, scape It will become thin and delicate frangibility, and easily induce various diseases；Adding shading rate in vinyl house is 70% shading screen, sunshade net Switch time: the time of different season switches is different, season in spring and autumn 10 thirty of morning to 5 PM partly, the summer 10 four thirty of thirty to afternoon of its morning, 9 points of morning in winter arrive 5 PM；In greenhouse cultivation, intensity of illumination is to miscellaneous Handing over the growth and development of China pink has large effect；Select shading rate for 70% shading screen；And in the hybridization fast fast-growing of China pink In the long stage, the well-grown under bloom, plant strain growth is slack-off under low illumination, and tiller is reduced, and delay of blooming, plant is thin and delicate, in stone In the production of bamboo potted flower, the nursery stage in autumn suitably shades, and improves its seedling quality；China pink is the plant for liking bloom, in high striation Under part, China pink growth is fast, blooms morning.

Step 4.4, moisture control:

Basin soil water-holding capacity is maintained at 70%-80%, and humidity is excessively high in the overly moist or canopy of basin soil is unfavorable for growing, and easily induces Fungi, bacterial disease；

Step 4.4.1, when winter light application time is short, intensity is weak, water is suitably controlled, growth can be prevented excessively thin and delicate.Improve basin Soil property amount is conducive to create the good environment that root system needs, and winter low temperature evaporates less, needs water few, waters preferably few；

Step 4.4.2, spring, summer temperature are high, and evaporation is big, needs water more, diligent to water；Blade is checked before watering, if fresh Tender and crisp, frangibility when wound illustrates not water shortage；Leaf folding gets up, and illustrates that moisture is few, need to supply water in time；Or check basin soil, It is inserted into basin bottom with clean a thin bar or bamboo pole, rotates several lower rear extractions；It is stained on bar, does not water if any soil；It is such as viscous without soil It is attached or seldom, it should water immediately, or pinch surface layer 2cm following basin soil with hand, such as illustrate arid in powdery, such as in the form of sheets or group Shape explanation is not arid；Just to see that basin bottom there are flowing out as degree, when watering, should pay attention to being stained with blade face less each irrigation amount as far as possible, that is, pour Root does not pour leaf, with pre- disease prevention；Water quality is preferably EC value < 0.5；The loose sandy loam of fertile soil is advisable, unsuitable continuous cropping or With the continuous croppings such as chrysanthemum；It waters, cannot vertically water to blade face to root, conditional place uses drip irrigation, and rainy season is wanted Draining in time, prevents waterlogging；

Step 4.5, fertilizer and water management:

Step 4.5.1, the diligent fertilizer of carnation potted flower happiness, in bud formation, also needs to impose liquid fertilizer several times in addition to basal dressing, Replace application with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with organic fertilizer；10 centimetres of internal diameter of small basin maintenance on potting carnation；Through two Secondary pinching, plant strain growth enrich, appropriate branch-finishing and pruning；It manages and protects, can be watched for many years along its habit carefulness；Potting carnation pair For nitrogen, more preferably with nitrate nitrogen, the fifty-fifty growth of ammonium nitrogen, bloom ahead of time；Summer temperature rises, and plant growing way diminuendo should be Shaoshi fertilizer；Turn cool with weather to the beginning of autumn, imposes gradually liquid fertilizer 4 times to 5 times of enriching gradually；

Step 4.5.2, it is added with richness and pours potting China pink, it is 1:1000 that richness, which is added with the mass ratio of water, inside plastics cylinder Water is installed, then richness is added and is stirred inside being put into, is carried out pouring fertilizer after mixing evenly with measuring cup, a basin carnation is general 5 to 6 milliliters are poured, the primary humidity for paying attention to observing soil before paying attention to pouring fertilizer is poured within one week, excessively fertilizer is poured in drying will lead to burning Seedling, soil moisture is overly moist to will lead to rotten；

Step 4.5.3, base manure is applied；

The routine servicing management of step 4.6, carnation potted flower:

Step 4.6.1, weeds are removed and has often checked whether weed growth, removed in time, handle weeds generally in weather Sunny date, some mosses will remove in time, avoid influencing carnation plants normal growth, weeds are uprooped, are put into In refuse bag；

Step 4.6.2, it plucks worm and endangers leaf, Liriomyza hides on Dianthus caryophyllus, is difficult to be killed with medicament, needs to pluck Deinsectization endangers leaf, and plant just can be with well-grown；Plant type is just beautiful, has ornamental value；

Step 4.6.3, dry watering is shown in pinching, topping, and often intertillage is hoed up weeds, when plant grows 6 pairs to 9 pairs of leaves, from the More than 4 pairs of leaves pluck top tip；2 lateral buds are stayed, remaining removes；Branch pinching again is developed into lateral bud, being kept for every plant there are 7 The side shoot neat to 9, winter blossom；Supervention branch needs 5 to a month can just bloom after plant pinching, with this regulation florescence； Summer temperature rises, plant growing way diminuendo, should be to prohibit fertilizer；Turn cool with weather to the beginning of autumn, the liquid fertilizer of enriching can be imposed gradually gradually 4 times to 5 times；Room temperature is kept for 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, prevents that day and night temperature is more than 8 DEG C；Pay attention to ventilation, keeps illumination sufficient, January to 2 Month can Lu Kaihua, longer blooming period May to June；Pinching topping is conducive to plant and increases branch, make plant rounding, improves basin Colored ornamental value；

Step 4.6.4, the pest and disease damages such as keypoint control leaf spot, rust, red spider and leaf miner select 50% carbendazim 1500 times of 800 times of liquid, 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, 500 times of liquid of triazolone, Acetamiprid liquid, 40% water amine The 1000 times of liquid chemical controls of sulphur phosphorus；

Step 4.6.5, the cultivation of carnation potted flower；

Step 4.6.6, the pose pattern of carnation potted flower:

After upper basin, close wrong row draws basin primary, is changed to row, a null is stayed every 10 rows, with side after plant grows up Just hole irrigation when watering, fertilizing；Pay attention to separately discharging big plantlet when drawing basin, edge is exchanged with intermediate, and light is stronger Place is exchanged with compared with dark place, and the partially long plant of discovery should turn basin, so that growth uniformity；Reject too small plant and disease, it is weak, Residual plant；The plant of two edges should not be too outer, not touch second layer insulation film as degree；

Step 4.6.7, the florescence: carnation is perpetual bloom；Under the conditions of the planting environment of good appropriateness, continuously It blooms.

Optionally, the cultivation of the carnation potted flower in the step step 4.6.5 specifically:

Step 4.6.5.1, the determination of planting type is according to the difference of flowering period, using different planting types, to Pick flowers in winter, spring, should using winter flower planting type, i.e. mid or late May to being colonized by the end of June, by the end of July to late August pinching Or training, it picks flowers at the beginning of 5 months mid-October to next year；If summer and autumn picks flowers, summer cut-flower planting type should be taken, i.e., by the end of February extremely Field planting mid-March；It is that preferred pattern is bright-coloured that variety selection Different Carnation Cultivars, which are divided into large-sized flower and spend more, flower-shape beauty, and stalk is long 50cm or more, the strong kind of disease resistance；Seedling requires base portion root of hair uniform, and root system whitens, size neat and consistent, with visible Root hair, stem thickness section is short, and 3~4 pairs of 1 hearts of blade, leaf color is delicate and pretty, and Ye Biaomi is by wax coat；Go through plant whether have dehydration, Rhizome rots, blade is with scab undesirable condition；Seedling should save in the cool, and when plantation cannot directly shine in the sun, if through cold The seedling taken out behind hiding, the temperature of seedling must be waited, which to be restored to normal temperature, to plant；

Step 4.6.5.2, the proportion of matrix: turfy soil and perlite ratio 3:1, garden mould: peat: perlite=6: 3: 1, EC value 1.2-1.5；After matrix is prepared, pour suitable water, water should not be excessive or very few, with hand twist can scatter for It is good, it is sprinkled profoundly water after upper basin once, it is primary to spray microbial inoculum after waiting blades dry.

Compared with prior art, the present invention can be obtained including following technical effect:

1) implantation methods of the invention can be improved rooting rate, planting percent, and can improve root condition.

2) the soil is porous for matrix of the invention, breathe freely, Water-saving effect it is good, be suitble to carnation potted flower growth, be conducive to perfume (or spice) Growth of the China pink potted flower as potting indoors.

Certainly, it implements any of the products of the present invention it is not absolutely required to while reaching all the above technical effect.

Detailed description of the invention

The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes a part of the invention, this hair Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are used to explain the present invention, and are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the effect picture of blooming of carnation potted flower of the present invention, wherein a is legend, and b is luxuriant and rich with fragrance all.

Specific embodiment

Carry out the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, whereby to the present invention how application technology Means solve technical problem and reach the realization process of technical effect to fully understand and implement.

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, basin and matrix:

Carnation be suitable for keeping fertility is strong, aeration is good and drainage performance is good, humus it is abundant and micro- in alkalinity chiltern Soil.The soil of cultivation carnation uses after need to generally improveing, and the substrate culture using artificial mixed preparing is best.Matrix can be with It is used alone, but also also mix together, the matrix being used in mixed way is prepared by a certain percentage, further enhances each single matrix Excellent physicochemical property improves the retain water and nutrients ability and gas permeability of matrix.Pot flowers often mainly have with matrix: leaf mould, Peat, bark bits, sawdust.In addition, there are also perlite, haydite, vermiculite, cinder, sand, fern roots etc. for common cultivation matrix.Usually make With the substance such as perlite, peat, haydite etc. of some sponginesses, is used after being mixed with humus-containing soil, make soil hole Porosity reaches 3%-5%, and this soil is most beneficial for carnation root growth.

Because potted flower grows and blooms in limited basin soil, so generally being wanted rich in the more demanding of matrix Humus has good draining gas permeability and retain water and nutrients ability, does not crack usually, not agglomerating when wet, pH value 6.0~ 6.5, matrix also needs to be free of noxious material and worm pupa by disinfection.

Step 1.1, matrix:

Plug seedling cutting medium is different from platform bed seedling cutting medium, and it is smaller to be primarily due to every cave space, vulnerable to the external world It influences, if cutting medium, which does not reach requirement, will hinder Cut Flower Chrysanthemum Morifolium kind seedling rooting and growth and development.Plug seedling cutting medium should have There is good permeability, moisturizing, contain the features such as abundant nutrient.In nature, single-matrix is difficult have these conditions, therefore It needs manually to be prepared.

The specification of hole tray is 28 centimetres of 54 cm x；Preparing Plug seedling host material is turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite； The mass ratio of turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite is 6:3:1, is sufficiently mixed after mixing uniformly and sprays desinsection, bactericidal agent, insecticide 50% (mass concentration) phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be usedTimes liquid, fungicide can use 50% carbendazol wettable powderTimes liquid.Matrix is sealed with plastic foil, next day can sabot use.

Step 1.2, seedling-raising cup (nutritive cube) specification and matrix:

When 21 heart of leaf of seedling, transplant in the dedicated seedling-raising cup of soilless cultivation.

(1) rural area soil (sterilized)+decomposed sawdust+domestic peat+perlite, ratio 9: 3: 1: 0.5 can be used.pH Value 6.0 to 6.3, EC value 1.0 to 1.5, are divided into seedlings the polypots of 10 cm x of container 8 centimetres (bore × height).

(2)+1/4 sawdust+1.25kg/m of disinfection composting soil can be used³Compound fertilizer, turfy soil: perlite=3: 1, seedling separation The polypots of 5 cm x of container 8 centimetres (bore × height).

Step 1.3, upper basin matrix:

When seedling length to 3~4 true leaves, can be colonized, seedling age about l5~20d.

(1), matrix major ingredient: haydite, fertile soil.

Substrate composition: haydite 40%, fertile soil and other 60%.Cultivation mode matrix is loaded on basin device, basin mouth diameter The high 28cm of 25cm, basin, basin device close-packed arrays are in moisture surface, and moisture surface lays ground cloth, per acre 4000 basin, and every basin is colonized 4 plants of seedlings.

It (2) is 4.5 cun-small 5 cun of earthen basins or 15-16cm plastic tub with basin.Basin soil be disinfection+1/4 sawdust of composting soil+ 1.25kg/m³Compound fertilizer or peat: perlite: garden mould=6:3:1, EC1.2-1.5.

Matrix is main for plant, and there are four functions: one is to provide moisture；Second is that supply nutrition；Three are to provide root The air needed；Fourth is that play a supportive role, therefore matrix quality or whether allotment proper has critical impact to plant growth, And it influences persistently, because almost without matrix may be replaced in the course of cultivation；So being had to before the planting according to flowers Growth characteristics, selection be suitble to.

1 media components data comparison table of table

Free pore space degree is the index for measuring gas permeability, and the value of free pore space degree is bigger, illustrates that matrix is more ventilative.Water holding Porosity is the index for measuring water-retaining property, and water-holding porosity is bigger to illustrate that matrix water-retaining property is better.Relatively good matrix should contain The free pore space degree of 50% or so solid matter, 25% or so and 25% or so water-holding porosity.It can from table 1 Out: (1) medium of one pack system, gas permeability and water-retaining property are all not so good as the matrix ideal after allotment, so present cultivation matrix Typically made of two or more component mixed preparing, (2) clay is main base used in tradition plantation Matter, but the value of clay free pore space degree is very low, only 1.8%, it is very airtight, now in floriculture substrate allotment Do not had to or a large amount of using the ventilative and all good medium of water-retaining property only with the clay of seldom ratio, such as peat soil, treasure Zhu Yan, vermiculite etc..

Step 2, cuttage:

The breeding of carnation potted flower is divided into vegetative propagation and two kinds of sexual propagation.Sexual propagation often set seeds it is low, after seed It is big for character variation, growth of seedling is slow, therefore used less in production.Vegetative propagation is largely used in production, wherein being mainly Cutting propagation, its advantages are that cuttings is abundant, and character is stable and quick.Cutting propagation needs to beat bud, and carnation potted flower beats bud It is a complicated and stringent job, needs to be grasped the following aspects:

Step 2.1 adopts fringe:

(1) adopt fringe maternal plant garden: the plant age of maternal plant garden is young, and character of blooming is good, and disease index zero should especially give birth to Long full, strong, no disease and pests harm.Therefore, it is very necessary and crucial for establishing single-minded fringe maternal plant garden of adopting, and is also existing For an indispensable link during carnation seeling industry.It is both the premise to form high quality seedling and annual rule The basis of mould nursery.

(2) selection part: taking fringe portion position to answer strict control, and short and thick lateral bud is selected in the middle part of strong branch, is laid Bud should have 3 to 4 centimetres of length, and 4 leaf, 1 heart, cauline leaf is complete, stalk is sturdy, section is close, the condition that blade is thick and solid, color is dark green.

(3) adopt fringe method: adopting cuttings should be carried out by standard, taken " breaking the method for adopting ", broken bud with hand and cut without scissors, with Exempt from viral cross-infection.Two hands carry out simultaneously, i.e., dry by major branch on the other hand, take the bud for being elected to be cuttings on the other hand, when picking thumb and Index finger pinches bud, and blade and bud are broken down outward simultaneously and fractureed, and section will be close to internode, bastem portion outline band trunk cortex, It is sure not to injure bastem portion, guarantees that bastem portion section trace is intact, retain cuttings top blade 4--5 piece, extractd more than base.Every 30 bundles It is pricked for 1, notices that the bud accomplished fluently, which is placed shady place, remains cuttage if the same day not cuttage needs to place freezer.

(4) the fringe time is adopted: it is full to plant strain growth, when bud is sufficiently mature, that is, plant can be beaten when being " 1 heart stage of 4 leaf " Bud, beats that bud is generally most appropriate in the morning, and water content of branch height is easy to take at this time.

(5) it the storage of fringe: if the fringe same day not cuttage, needs bud to be put into 0~4 DEG C of freezer, here be lost in order to avoid bud withers Water is not easy to take root.Storage cuttings can provide great convenience for flower for annual nursery and annual equilibrium, and can be disposable Batch jobs are carried out, are used manpower and material resources sparingly.

Step 2.2, cuttage:

(1) substrate preparation: with perlite: turf=5: 1 (w:w) proportion behaves oneself best, in aspect of taking root, perlite: grass Charcoal=5: 1 rooting rate highest.Perlite is the best cutting medium of carnation, because perlite drainability is strong, and carnation Pole intolerant to waterlogging, the moisture in matrix is slightly higher, will result in its butt rot, makees matrix using perlite, once discovery is fragrant China pink matrix ponding can take draining immediately, reduce water spray number or the measures such as pause is sprayed water, can effectively reduce seedling environment Humidity.Perlite category inorganic matrix, water penetration and permeability are fine, but ion-exchange capacity is poor, turf category organic substrate, Ion-exchange capacity is strong, and has certain buffer capacity, and organic substrate and inorganic matrix are used cooperatively, raw to root system of plant It is long to create required optimum condition, therefore addition turf can improve its rooting rate in carnation seedling cutting medium perlite.

(2) the preceding seedbed of cuttage and matrix prepare

By turf and perlite in mass ratio it is that 5:1 ratio is poured into seedbed before cuttage, is uniformly mixed with clean water, Then matrix is flattened, matrix laying is with a thickness of 5cm.The matrix being layered on seedbed is suitable for that humidity can be agglomerating to be pinched with hand, agglomerating Matrix can scatter.Matrix wants loose, to increase the porosity in matrix, is conducive to taking root for kind of cutting in this way, simultaneously It is also convenient for cuttage.

(3) cuttage is handled:

1. cutting time: the cuttage of carnation can carry out throughout the year, and cuttage is preferably in 10 points of the morning or so or the afternoon 3 Carried out after point, cuttage season depending on the production of carnation potted flower needs, usually March in early spring~November in autumn, during this period Cuttage seeding root is not likely to produce chloasma, well developed root system, stalwartness, and high survival rate after field planting, growth is vigorous, spray is sturdy, petal Greatly, flower yield is high.

2. cottage method: cuttings base portion first being dipped in upper preprepared root-inducing powder before cuttage, root-inducing powder is in cutting base portion Notch sufficiently glues even.The cuttings branch for having dipped in root-inducing powder is inserted into matrix straight, depth is contacted with the 1st pair of leaf of base portion Be advisable to stromal surface, that is, being inserted into 1 centimetre of matrix is advisable, and summer will insert deeply, and general 1.5-2 centimetres.Cuttage finishes foot to be sprayed Water, control later is unsuitable overly moist, in order to avoid rotten.Cutting density should be connected with the upper blade between cuttings and cuttings, plant phase Gap of mutually neither boxing out nor crowded for standard, the management after being easy to cuttage in this way.It waters, pours to seedbed to it after cuttage Bottom just starts to drip to be advisable.

Step 3, carnation potted flower seedling management:

Can the key in potted flower seedling stage be cuttings cuttage success, take root in time, and the key of cuttage rooting is exactly The environmental condition of slotting machine.Even if the rootability of cuttings is very strong, but if the environmental condition of slotting machine is bad, activity of taking root will It is affected, cutting resistance can be weakened, or even emergence is withered, and cuttage is caused to fail.So being to promote to insert after cuttage Fringe is taken root as early as possible, it is necessary to the cutting management after reinforcing cuttage, and management is to improve the important link of survival rate after cuttage, temperature, The control of the conditions such as humidity, illumination and rich water is the key that cutting survival.

Step 3.1, temperature:

Temperature is also the required essential condition of cutting survival.It is too high or too low for temperature all to influence taking root for plant, one As carnation cuttage optimum take root temperature be 20~25 DEG C, be maintained at this temperature daily, 15d or so can take root.It inserts The temperature of bed is such as lower than 20 DEG C, and cuttings is not easy to take root；Higher than 28 DEG C, so that cuttings blade is wilted and influence to take root.And work as temperature Cutting density is improved when higher, can preferably be divulged information in this way.Cutting density is accordingly reduced when temperature is lower, and water is also wanted It is few, it is critical to keep the ratio of temperature and moisture.Preference temperature, especially summer should be kept to prevent high temperature from endangering as far as possible thus Evil will open covering, and cool down in foliar spray.

Step 3.2, humidity:

Reasonable soil moisture and air humidity are kept, is taken root to cutting survival particularly important.

(1) air humidity: 50% sunshade net is covered after carnation cuttage is complete, on slotting machine, improves the humidity of slotting machine, is protected It holds blade face and covers 1 layer of moisture film.And should respectively sprinkle water in cuttings and blade surface as the case may be daily, it keeps around cutting The air humidity of environment, to improve survival rate.For the excessive evaporation for avoiding branches and leaves, it is desirable that slotting machine keeps higher air Humidity, the most suitable air humidity of carnation cuttage are 80%~90%.It controls to reach air humidity 80%~90%, it can It is grasped with the method for foliar spray and adjusting covering to control.

(2) soil moisture: under the premise of guaranteeing soil moisture, it is desirable that cutting medium ventilation is good, easily keeps wet, And it drains well, in favor of cuttage root-taking.In carnation cuttage early period, soil moisture is maintained at 70%~80%, is pinched with hand Matrix is dripped but seedbed of not dripping is advisable.In the cuttage middle and later periods, soil moisture is maintained at 50%~60%, with hand pinch matrix at Group is advisable without dripping.

Step 3.3, illumination:

Illumination can be by influencing cutting moisture, carbohydrate Endogenous hormones (as being acetic acid of making an uproar) and polyamine content And cutting maturity, cutting promote or inhibit indirectly to take root to the sensibility of exogenous auxin, it is seen that illumination and cuttage root-taking Relationship and its complexity.The terminal bud and blade of cuttings institute band only just can be carried out photosynthesis in the sunlight, and generate auxin It with hestening rooting, but since it has been separated from maternal plant, therefore should suitably shade, prevent direct sunlight.Strong illumination, easily causes Cuttings dehydration is wilted, unfavorable to cutting survival, therefore at cuttage initial stage, we are shaded with cover net, prevent the excessive of cuttage Transpiration achieves good effect.Appropriate shading is wanted after cutting cuttage, is consumed moisture to avoid transpiration, is prevented arid with benefit In taking root, but as illumination is too weak, photosynthesis can decline, and photosynthate carbohydrate content is reduced, then be unfavorable for giving birth to Root.It in carnation cuttage 15d or so, can take root, illumination should be gradually increased after taking root, with benefit growth.It is also unfavorable compared with intense light irradiation In taking root, thus it is speculated that the reason for this is that although crossing intense light irradiation is conducive to Carbohydrate Accumulation, but accelerate cutting maturation, thus Reduce rooting rate.So control illumination is also the essential condition that cuttage rooting survives.

Step 3.4, fertilizer and water management:

(1) water management:

Seedling management after cuttage focuses on the management of moisture, full and uniform to pour after the completion of entire cuttage process Water.And frequency of spraying water should be repeatedly a small amount of, such moisture can rest on as far as possible blade face while not enter matrix.

1. cuttage antecedent moisture management (0~10d):

Watering will irrigate for the first time after cuttage, make the water-holding capacity of medium up to saturation state lower limit, enable cuttings and matrix It combines closely.It is later the most key before its callus generates, it is desirable that the blade moment, which maintains a small amount of moisture, to be existed, and The water-holding capacity of Medium Culture is maintained at 70%~80%, pinches that matrix is dripped but seedbed of not dripping is advisable with hand.In cuttage rooting frontal lobe Piece should keep wet, and general carnation 10~15d after cuttage starts to take root, and during which should spray water in right amount depending on weather condition, can It is sprayed water using spraying facility, spraying spray water can guarantee that moisture is fully fallen on blade, and without falling into matrix, to avoid because of base Matter ponding causes carnation rotten.

Spray time and spraying interval time are as follows: spray time 30-40 seconds, spraying interval time was 10-30 points Clock.

2. cuttage mid-term water management (10~15d):

After cuttage 15d, the callus of carnation cutting base portion is generated to during growing a small amount of root system, matrix and is inserted The combination of fringe is also compared with consolidation, and the water-holding capacity of Medium Culture should be maintained at 50%~60% at this time, and it is agglomerating without dripping to pinch matrix with hand Water is advisable.Need to gradually decrease the intake of moisture, also to guarantee that blade is not wilted.In this period, carnation cutting base portion has Callus, it is aerobic more, water spray is controlled, in order to avoid oxygen is reduced in soil, causes anaerobic respiration, keeps plant dead.

3. cuttage later period water management (after 15d):

It requires matrix constantly to provide enough moisture in this period, is just conducive to branches and leaves and keeps normal freshness, Be conducive to cuttings calli induction, and the generation of last root system.Generally it is advisable with 50%~60% soil moisture content, Excess moisture often incurs cuttings and rots.This stage spray time and spraying interval time are as follows: spray time 30-40 seconds, spraying Interval time be 20~40 minutes.When the above-mentioned daily spray operations beginning and ending time is about morning 9 at dusk 5 when.It rains and stops It only sprays water, cloudy and cloudy, interval time is 1.5-2 times of above-mentioned items.Water treatment: this seedbed is for spraying water Tap water stores in pond.

(2) fertilizing management

Plant cuttage root-taking is related with nutrition condition in cutting, nutriment be take root necessary to, cutting adventitious root Induced synthesis needs to consume a large amount of nutriment, and during plant cuttage, cutting is detached from parent, is in autotrophy state, takes root Consumed nutriment relies on itself original accumulation substantially in the process, and cuttage root-taking is related with nutrition condition in cutting, because And nutriment can influence the condition of rooting of cutting.By nutrient solution to foliage-spray after, the rooting efficiency of cutting can be into one Step improves, while upgrowth situation is also improved.So foliage-spray nutriment acts on the raising of rooting of cuttings effect It becomes apparent from.

1. fertilizer preparation method

Carnation matrix used in cuttage process is most of perlite, is partially turf, the supply of nutrient Foliage fertilization is leaned on entirely, therefore it is very important for the use of foliar fertilizer.It is 0.3% compound fertilizer and matter that mass concentration, which can be sprayed, Amount concentration is that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays very fast to the absorption of nutrient behind blade face, foliage-spray, and soak time is long, can be with Rapidly meet the needs of cutting is to nutriment, and tender Foliage Absorption ability is strong, can thus turn out sturdy, section Between short carnation cuttage seeding.

2. fertilizing method

After carnation cuttage materials in isolated, original physiological function is destroyed, in addition to original nutriment itself, mainly The carbohydrate formed by leaf photosynthesis and the growth of the endogenous hormones of synthesis.Pass through blade spraying foliar fertilizer, blade Nutrition is directly absorbed, restores physiological function rapidly, improves leaf photosynthesis, nutrition is manufactured, generates callus rapidly, It induces root system to generate and develop, improves rooting rate and planting percent, and keep seedling growth healthy and strong.It can be effective using foliage dressing method Improve cuttings Rooting percent, increase root amount and improve survival rate, can leaf dark green, thickness, glossiness it is high, it is not easily to fall off；Without the use of Foliage-spray foliar fertilizer, directly handles carnation, leaf color pale green with clear water, and yellow also results in leaf abscission.And leaf It is the main reason for reducing survival rate, so protecting cuttings blade is the key technology for improving cuttage survival rate that piece, which falls off,.? Foliage dressing method is taken during carnation cuttage, can be sprayed weekly 1 time.Fertilization time carries out after should being selected in 16:00 in afternoon, and Fertilising front vane surface should sufficiently dry, and the same day should not spray water again after blade fertilising, to guarantee fertilizer efficiency.

Step 4, carnation potted flower finished product period management:

Step 4.1, temperature control:

Temperature requirement before upper basin: 18 DEG C -20 DEG C of daytime, night are not less than 0 DEG C, and what need to be listed ahead of time should improve as far as possible Night temperature reaches 6 DEG C -9 DEG C.Winter generally only needs 2 layer films to cover, and limit low temperature is -3 DEG C.

Temperature requirement after upper basin: carnation potted flower is to like the flowers that cool, and the optimum temperature of growth and development is 19 DEG C -21 DEG C, night temperature is advisable with 9 DEG C -10 DEG C.Day and night temperature is excessively high, and leaf is narrow, spends that small, branch is weak.35 DEG C of summer >, lower temperature has Full conducive to dwarfing, plant type, the florescence is also more relatively long.Day temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C or so, and night is preferred at 12 DEG C. Slow growth at 9 DEG C of winter <, or even stop growing or show and is abnormal.15 DEG C to 20 DEG C of thermophilic of growth, winter nocturnal temperature 7 DEG C to 10 DEG C.Different cultivars has some differences to temperature requirement, such as yellow class kind, grows 20 DEG C to 25 DEG C of thermophilic, blooms suitable Temperature is 10 DEG C to 20 DEG C, and red colour system kind, it is desirable that it is higher, it is lower than 25 DEG C of then slow growths, or even cannot bloom.

Step 4.2, humid control:

Happiness ventilation, dry environment, air humidity are maintained at 60%~70% and are preferred.The environment for avoiding high temperature and humidity, to light The reaction in period is insensitive, as long as therefore condition is suitable, Zhou Nianjun can bloom, and sun-drenched environment could well-grown.Cultivation Matrix requires fertile, ventilation, drainage performance good, and the faintly acid that soil pH value is 6.0~6.5 avoids basin soil ponding.

Step 4.3, light control:

Happiness sunlight will keep sufficient illumination in addition to seedling stage, full-bloom stage as far as possible.Carnation potted flower is the cumulative bad long-day Plant.Sunshine accumulated time is longer, can more promote bud differentiation, and then blooms ahead of time, increases and amount and raising is spent to bloom neatly Degree.When winter low temperature dim light and successive cloudy days, it suitably can manually add light.It is such as chronically under low light condition, blade, branch, scape It will become thin and delicate frangibility, and easily induce various diseases.Adding shading rate in vinyl house is 70% shading screen, sunshade net Switch time: the time of different season switches is different, season in spring and autumn 10 thirty of morning to 5 PM partly, the summer 10 four thirty of thirty to afternoon of its morning, 9 points of morning in winter arrive 5 PM.In greenhouse cultivation, intensity of illumination is to miscellaneous Handing over the growth and development of China pink has large effect.Appropriate shading can accelerate growth of seedling speed, the shading screen that shading rate is 70% Under conditions of plant strain growth it is preferable, the number of blade is more, and blade is more roomy, grow moderate, not excessive growth.And quick in hybridization China pink Growth phase, the well-grown under bloom, plant strain growth is slack-off under low illumination, and tiller is reduced, delay of blooming, and plant is thin and delicate.Institute With in the production of China pink potted flower, the nursery stage in autumn can suitably shade, and improve its seedling quality；China pink is the plant for liking bloom Object, under the conditions of bloom, China pink growth is fast, blooms morning, the rapid growth stage after planting seedlings to nutritive cube preferably uses Full exposure.

Step 4.4, moisture control:

Basin soil water-holding capacity, which is maintained at 70%-80%, to be advisable.Humidity is excessively high in the overly moist or canopy of basin soil is unfavorable for growing, easily Induce fungi, bacterial disease.

(1) when winter light application time is short, intensity is weak, water is suitably controlled, growth can be prevented excessively thin and delicate.Basin soil property amount is improved, Be conducive to create the good environment that root system needs.Winter low temperature evaporates less, needs water few, waters preferably few；

(2) spring, summer temperature are high, and evaporation is big, needs water more, can frequently water.Blade is checked before watering, if fresh tender and crisp, Frangibility when wound illustrates not water shortage；Blade can be folded up, and illustrate that moisture is few, need to supply water in time；Or check basin soil, It is inserted into basin bottom with clean a thin bar or bamboo pole, rotates several lower rear extractions.It is stained on bar, can not water if any soil；Such as nothing Soil adherency is seldom, should water immediately.Can also hand pinch surface layer 2cm following basin soil, such as illustrate arid in powdery, such as in the form of sheets or Bulk explanation is not arid.Each irrigation amount is to be just shown in that basin bottom there are flowing out as degree.It should pay attention to being stained with blade face less as far as possible when watering, i.e., It pours root and does not pour leaf, with pre- disease prevention.Water quality is preferably EC value < 0.5.The loose sandy loam of fertile soil is advisable, unsuitable continuous cropping Or with the continuous croppings such as chrysanthemum.It waters, can not vertically water to blade face, conditional place can use drip irrigation to root. Rainy season will drain in time, prevent waterlogging.

Step 4.5, fertilizer and water management:

(1) the diligent fertilizer of carnation potted flower happiness, in bud formation, also needs to impose liquid fertilizer several times in addition to basal dressing, can be with having Machine liquid fertilizer replaces application with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.10 centimetres of internal diameter of small basin maintenance on potting carnation.Through twice Pinching, plant strain growth enrich.Midsummer, which puts radix saposhnikoviae, takes shelter from rain, dredges shady cool place, avoids non-irrigated prevention waterlogging.It is managed and protected along its habit carefulness, it can be for many years It is ornamental.Potting carnation more preferably with nitrate nitrogen, the fifty-fifty growth of ammonium nitrogen, blooms ahead of time for nitrogen.Summer temperature rises, Plant growing way diminuendo should be to prohibit fertilizer.Turn cool with weather to the beginning of autumn, liquid fertilizer 4 times to 5 times of enriching can be imposed gradually gradually.

(2) it is added with richness and pours potting China pink, it is 1:1000 that richness, which is added with the ratio of water, water is installed inside plastics cylinder, so Richness is added afterwards and is stirred inside being put into, is carried out pouring fertilizer after mixing evenly with measuring cup, a basin carnation probably pours 5 to 6 millis It rises, pours within one week the primary humidity for paying attention to observing soil before paying attention to pouring fertilizer, excessively fertilizer is poured in drying will lead to burn seedlings, and soil is wet It spends and wet will lead to rotten.

(3) base manure selection is significantly increased to the root activity of carnation with chlorophyll content in leaf blades.And it finds different Influence of the base manure amount of application to the variation of the vigor and chlorophyll content of carnation root system, farmyard manure and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer The root activity of carnation can be significantly improved, base manure is applied and does not apply base manure root activity difference after carnation plants 90d Reach maximum value, is 61 μ g/ (gh).The selection of base manure plays a significant role in carnation planting process.With plant It grows, the difference for the carnation root activity planted under the conditions of different base manure constantly reduces.Chlorophyll is main in green plants Photosynthetic pigments, the existence of changes of contents and plant, growth are closely related, and chlorophyll content and cultivation condition have closely Relationship, it is especially in close relations with nitrogen level.Lift-augmented mechanism can obviously increase chlorophyll content and leaf area index, extend leaf Piece functional period improves photosynthetic efficiency.Fertilising as important agricultural measures, influence soil fertility, yield and quality characters it is same When, it can also change crop leaf chlorophyll content, and then influence photosynthetic carbon assimilation process.The suitable base manure of research application, to perfume (or spice) The variation of China pink chlorophyll content influences to be also significant.When planting 60d, chlorophyll contains between applying base manure and not applying base manure The difference of amount reaches maximum value, is 0.49mg/g.On 3 growth time points, carnation root activity when planting 60d most Height then gradually decreases, this be the draft characteristic with carnation on the contrary, chlorophyll content in leaf blades with plant growth gradually It increases.When planting 120d, the chlorophyll content difference between different disposal disappears.

The routine servicing management of step 4.6, carnation potted flower:

(1) weeds are removed and has often checked whether weed growth, removed in time, handle weeds generally fine Date, some mosses will remove in time, avoid influencing carnation plants normal growth, weeds are uprooped, refuse bag is put into In.

(2) it plucks worm and endangers leaf, if any the leaf of Liriomyza harm, Liriomyza hides on Dianthus caryophyllus, is difficult to use medicament It kills, needs to extract disease leaf, plant just can be with well-grown.Plant type is just beautiful, has ornamental value.

(3) dry watering is shown in pinching, topping, and often intertillage is hoed up weeds.When plant grows 6 pairs to 9 pairs of leaves, from the 4th pair of leaf with On pluck top tip.2 lateral buds are usually stayed, remaining removes.Branch pinching again is developed into lateral bud, being kept for every plant there are 7 to 9 A neat side shoot, winter blossom.Supervention branch needs 5 to a month can just bloom after plant pinching, can regulate and control flower with this Phase.Summer temperature rises, plant growing way diminuendo, should be to prohibit fertilizer.Turn cool with weather to the beginning of autumn, enriching can be imposed gradually gradually Liquid fertilizer 4 times to 5 times.Room temperature in October is kept for 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, prevents that day and night temperature is more than 8 DEG C.Pay attention to ventilation, illumination is kept to fill Foot, January to 2 months can Lu Kaihua, the florescence can extend May to June.Pinching topping is conducive to plant and increases branch, makes plant Rounding improves the ornamental value of potted flower.

(4) pest and disease damages such as keypoint control leaf spot, rust, red spider and leaf miner are answered, 800 times of 50% carbendazim is selected 1500 times of liquid, 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, 500 times of liquid of triazolone, Acetamiprid liquid, 40% isocarbophos 1000 times of liquid chemical controls；

(5) cultivation of carnation potted flower:

1. the determination of planting type is according to the difference of flowering period, using different planting types, in winter, spring Pick flowers, should using winter flower planting type, i.e. mid or late May to being colonized by the end of June, by the end of July to late August pinching or training, 10 It blooms at the beginning of the 5 months middle of the month to next year.If summer and autumn blooms, summer culture mode should be taken, i.e., is colonized by the end of February to mid-March. Variety selection Different Carnation Cultivars answer preferred pattern bright-coloured, flower-shape beauty, the long 50cm or more of stalk, the strong kind of disease resistance.Seedling is wanted Ask base portion root of hair uniform, root system whitens, size neat and consistent, has visible hair, stem thickness section is short, 3~4 pairs of 1 hearts of blade, leaf Color is delicate and pretty, and Ye Biaomi is by wax coat.Go through whether plant there are the undesirable conditions such as rotten, the blade band scab of dehydration, rhizome. Seedling should save in the cool, and when plantation cannot directly shine in the sun, if the seedling taken out after refrigerating, must wait seedling Temperature is restored to normal temperature and can plant.

2. the proportion of matrix: turfy soil and perlite ratio 3:1, garden mould: peat: perlite=6: 3: 1, EC value 1.2- 1.5.After matrix is prepared, suitable water is poured, water should not be excessive or very few, and being twisted with hand can scatter preferably, pours after upper basin It is permeable primary, it is primary that microbial inoculum is sprayed after waiting blades dry.

(6) pose pattern of carnation potted flower:

After upper basin, close wrong row draws basin primary, is changed to row, a null is stayed every 10 rows, with side after plant grows up Just hole irrigation when watering, fertilizing.Pay attention to separately discharging big plantlet when drawing basin, edge is exchanged with intermediate, and light is stronger Place is exchanged with compared with dark place, and the partially long plant of discovery should turn basin, so that growth uniformity.Reject too small plant and disease, it is weak, Residual plant.The plant of two edges should not be too outer, not touch second layer insulation film as degree.

(7) florescence:

Carnation is perpetual bloom.Under the conditions of well suitable planting environment, it can bloom, basal part of stem lignifying. The effect of blooming of carnation potted flower is shown in Fig. 1.

Implantation methods of the invention are compared with conventional method, and the results are shown in Table 1 for comparison, shown in table 2 with The percentage that the planting percent and rooting rate that conventional method is compared are respectively increased, and the root condition taken root.

Influence of the implantation methods of the invention of table 2 to the planting percent of carnation potted flower, rooting rate and root condition

Above description has shown and described several preferred embodiments of invention, but as previously described, it should be understood that invention is not It is confined to form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for various other combinations, repair Change and environment, and can within that scope of the inventive concept describe herein, by the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge into Row change.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of invention, then it all should be appended by the invention In scope of protection of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of implantation methods of carnation potted flower, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1, matrix:

Step 1.1, matrix:

Cutting medium material is turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite, and mass ratio 6:3:1 makes soil porosity reach 3%-5%, It is sufficiently mixed after mixing uniformly and sprays fungicide, sealed matrix with plastic foil, next day, that is, sabot uses；

Step 1.2, upper basin matrix:

When seedling length to 3~4 true leaves, it is able to carry out field planting, seedling age l5~20d；

The breeding of step 2, cuttage, carnation potted flower uses vegetative propagation, specifically includes and adopts fringe and cuttage；

Step 3, carnation potted flower seedling management, specially control temperature, humidity, illumination and fertilizer and water management；

Step 4, carnation potted flower finished product period management, specifically include temperature control, humid control, light control, moisture control and Fertilizer and water management.

2. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cave in the step 1.1 Disk specification is 28 centimetres of 54 cm x；50% carbendazol wettable powder of fungicideTimes liquid.

3. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper in the step 1.2 The requirement of basin matrix are as follows:

It is 4.5 cun-small 5 cun of 15-16cm plastic tubs, peat: perlite: garden mould (w/w/w)=6:3:1, EC1.2-1.5 with basin.

4. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cuttage in the step 2 Specifically:

Step 2.1 adopts fringe:

Step 2.1.1, adopt fringe maternal plant garden: the plant age of maternal plant garden is young, and character of blooming is good, and disease index zero is especially answered Grow full, strong, no disease and pests harm；

Step 2.1.2, selection part: selecting short and thick lateral bud in the middle part of strong branch, and the bud laid has 3 to 4 centimetres of length, 4 leaf, 1 heart, cauline leaf is complete, stalk is sturdy, section is close, the condition that blade is thick and solid, color is dark green；

Step 2.1.3, it adopts fringe method: adopting cuttings and break bud with hand and cut without scissors, two hands carry out simultaneously, i.e., take major branch on the other hand It is dry, take the bud for being elected to be cuttings on the other hand, thumb and index finger pinch bud when picking, and blade and bud are broken down outward simultaneously and fractureed, Section will be close to internode, and outline band trunk cortex in bastem portion is sure not to injure bastem portion, guarantee that bastem portion section trace is intact, retain and insert Fringe top blade 4--5 piece is extractd more than base, is pricked for every 30 and is pricked for 1, is paid attention to the bud accomplished fluently placement shady place, if the same day not skewer It inserts and needs to place freezer, remain cuttage；

Step 2.1.4, the fringe time is adopted: it is full to plant strain growth, when bud is sufficiently mature, that is, plant beaten when being " 1 heart stage of 4 leaf " Bud is beaten bud and is carried out in the morning, and water content of branch height is easy to take at this time；

Step 2.1.5, it the storage of fringe: if the fringe same day not cuttage, needs bud to be put into 0~4 DEG C of freezer, here be lost in order to avoid bud withers Water is not easy to take root, and stores cuttings as annual nursery and annual equilibrium and provides great convenience for flower, and disposably carries out batch Operation uses manpower and material resources sparingly；

Step 2.2, cuttage:

Step 2.2.1, substrate preparation: matrix select mass ratio for 5: 1 perlite and turf；

Step 2.2.2, the preceding seedbed of cuttage and matrix prepare:

By turf and perlite in mass ratio it is to pour into seedbed at 5: 1 before cuttage, is uniformly mixed with clean water, then by matrix Leveling, matrix laying is with a thickness of 5cm, and the matrix being layered on seedbed is suitable for that humidity can be agglomerating to be pinched with hand, and pockets of matrix can dissipate It opens；

Step 2.2.3, cuttage is handled.

5. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the skewer in the step 2.2.3 Insert processing specifically:

Step 2.2.3.1, cutting time: the cuttage of carnation carries out after at 10 points in the morning or at 3 points in afternoon, and cuttage season is early spring March~November in autumn；

Step 2.2.3.2, cottage method: first dipping in upper preprepared root-inducing powder for cuttings base portion before cuttage, and root-inducing powder is being inserted Base portion notch sufficiently glues even；The cuttings branch for having dipped in root-inducing powder is inserted into matrix straight, depth is contacted with the 1st pair of leaf of base portion Be advisable to stromal surface, that is, being inserted into 1 centimetre of matrix is advisable, and summer will insert deeply, and general 1.5-2 centimetres；Cuttage, which finishes, will spray sufficient water, Control later is unsuitable overly moist, in order to avoid rotten；Cutting density should be connected with the upper blade between cuttings and cuttings, and plant was mutually both It is standard that gap of not boxing out is not crowded yet, and the management after being easy to cuttage in this way is watered to it after cuttage, poured rigid to seedbed bottom Starting to drip well is advisable.

6. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described

Carnation potted flower seedling management in step 3 specifically:

Step 3.1, temperature:

The temperature of taking root of carnation cuttage is 20~25 DEG C, is maintained at this temperature daily, 15d can take root；

Step 3.2, humidity:

Step 3.2.1, air humidity: covering 50% sunshade net, improve the humidity of slotting machine after carnation cuttage is complete, on slotting machine, It keeps blade face to cover 1 layer of moisture film, and respectively sprinkles water in cuttings and blade surface as the case may be daily, keep ring around cutting The air humidity in border, for the excessive evaporation for avoiding branches and leaves, it is desirable that slotting machine keeps higher air humidity, carnation cuttage Air humidity is 80%~90%；

Step 3.2.2, soil humidity: under the premise of guaranteeing soil moisture, it is desirable that cutting medium ventilation is good, easily keeps wet Profit, and drain good, in carnation cuttage early period, soil moisture is maintained at 70%~80%, pinches matrix with hand and drips but not Seedbed of dripping is advisable；In the cuttage middle and later periods, soil moisture is maintained at 50%~60%, with hand pinch matrix it is agglomerating without drip for Preferably；

Step 3.3, illumination:

At cuttage initial stage, shaded with cover net, prevents the excessive transpiration of cuttage, appropriate shading is wanted after cutting cuttage, to avoid Transpiration consumption moisture, prevents dehydration to facilitate rooting, can take root in carnation cuttage 15d, illumination should be gradually increased after taking root, With benefit growth；

Step 3.4, fertilizer and water management.

7. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the fertilizer in the step 3.4 Water management specifically:

Step 3.4.1, water management:

Step 3.4.1.1, cuttage antecedent moisture management, i.e., in 0~10d after cuttage:

Watering will irrigate for the first time after cuttage, make the water-holding capacity of medium up to saturation state lower limit, keep cuttings close with matrix In conjunction with later the most key before its callus generates, it is desirable that the blade moment, which maintains a small amount of moisture, to be existed, and Medium Culture Water-holding capacity be maintained at 70%~80%, pinch that matrix is dripped but seedbed of not dripping is advisable with hand；It should be protected in cuttage rooting front vane It holds wet, is sprayed water using spraying facility；

Spray time and spraying interval time are as follows: spray time 30-40 seconds, spraying interval time was 10-30 minutes；

Step 3.4.1.2, cuttage mid-term water management, i.e., in 10~15d after cuttage:

In 10~15d of cuttage, the water-holding capacity of Medium Culture should be maintained at 50%~60%, with hand pinch matrix it is agglomerating without drip for Preferably；

Step 3.4.1.3, cuttage later period water management, i.e., after the 15d after cuttage:

After 15d after cuttage, water content of substrate is 50%~60%, this stage spray time and spraying interval time Are as follows: spray time 30-40 seconds, spraying interval time was 20~40 minutes, and the above-mentioned daily spray operations beginning and ending time is early It when upper 9 at dusk 5, rains and stops water spray, cloudy and cloudy, interval time is above-mentioned every 1.5-2 times, water treatment: This seedbed is tap water for spraying water, stores in pond；

Step 3.4.2, fertilizing management:

Step 3.4.2.1, fertilizer preparation method:

0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays on blade face；

Step 3.4.2.2, fertilizing method: taking foliage dressing method during carnation cuttage, sprays 1 time weekly, fertilization time exists Afternoon, 16:00 was carried out later, and front vane surface of applying fertilizer should sufficiently dry, and the same day should not spray water again after blade fertilising.

8. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fragrant stone in the step 4 Bamboo potted flower finished product period management specifically:

Step 4.1, temperature control:

Temperature requirement before upper basin: 18 DEG C -20 DEG C of daytime, night are not less than 0 DEG C, and what need to be listed ahead of time should improve night temperature as far as possible, Reach 6 DEG C -9 DEG C, winter needs the covering of 2 layer films, and limit low temperature is -3 DEG C；

Temperature requirement after upper basin: carnation potted flower is to like the flowers that cool, and the optimum temperature of growth and development is 19 DEG C -21 DEG C, night Temperature is advisable with 9 DEG C -10 DEG C；Day and night temperature is excessively high, and leaf is narrow, spends that small, branch is weak；35 DEG C of summer >, lower temperature is conducive to short Change, plant type are full, and the florescence is also more relatively long；Day temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C, and night is at 12 DEG C；It is grown at 9 DEG C of winter < Slowly, it or even stops growing or shows and is abnormal；15 DEG C to 20 DEG C of thermophilic, 7 DEG C to 10 DEG C of winter nocturnal temperature of growth；

Step 4.2, humid control:

Happiness ventilation, dry environment, air humidity are maintained at 60%~70%；The environment for avoiding high temperature and humidity, it is anti-to the photoperiod Answer it is insensitive, as long as therefore condition is suitable, Zhou Nianjun is bloomed, and sun-drenched environment could well-grown；Cultivation matrix requires fertilizer Fertile, ventilation, drainage performance are good, and the faintly acid that soil pH value is 6.0~6.5 avoids basin soil ponding；

Step 4.3, light control:

Sunlight is liked, in addition to seedling stage, full-bloom stage, to keep sufficient illumination as far as possible, carnation potted flower is cumulative bad long-day plant； It is appropriate manually to add light when winter low temperature dim light and successive cloudy days；It is such as chronically under low light condition, blade, branch, scape will become Thin and delicate frangibility is obtained, and easily induces various diseases；In vinyl house plus shading screen that shading rate is 70%, when the switch of sunshade net Between: the time of different season switches is different, season in spring and autumn 10 thirty of morning to 5 PM partly, 10 points of morning in summer Four thirty of thirty to afternoon, 9 points of morning in winter arrive 5 PM；In greenhouse cultivation, growth of the intensity of illumination to hybridization China pink Development has large effect；Select shading rate for 70% shading screen；And hybridizing China pink rapid growth stage, under bloom Well-grown, plant strain growth is slack-off under low illumination, and tiller is reduced, and delay of blooming, plant is thin and delicate, in the production of China pink potted flower, the autumn The Ji Yumiao stage suitably shades, and improves its seedling quality；China pink is the plant for liking bloom, and under the conditions of bloom, China pink growth is fast, It blooms morning；

Step 4.4, moisture control:

Basin soil water-holding capacity is maintained at 70%-80%, and humidity is excessively high in the overly moist or canopy of basin soil is unfavorable for growing, easily induction fungi, Bacterial disease；

Step 4.4.1, when winter light application time is short, intensity is weak, water is suitably controlled, growth can be prevented excessively thin and delicate.Improve basin soil property Amount is conducive to create the good environment that root system needs, and winter low temperature evaporates less, needs water few, waters preferably few；

Step 4.4.2, spring, summer temperature are high, and evaporation is big, needs water more, diligent to water；Blade is checked before watering, if fresh tender and crisp, Frangibility when wound illustrates not water shortage；Leaf folding gets up, and illustrates that moisture is few, need to supply water in time；Or check basin soil, with one Clean thin bar or bamboo pole is inserted into basin bottom, rotates several lower rear extractions；It is stained on bar, does not water if any soil；Such as without soil adherency or very It is few, should water immediately, or pinch the following basin soil of surface layer 2cm with hand, such as illustrate arid in powdery, such as in the form of sheets or bulk explanation not Arid；Just to see that basin bottom there are flowing out as degree, when watering, should pay attention to being stained with blade face less each irrigation amount as far as possible, that is, pours root and do not pour leaf, With pre- disease prevention；Water quality is preferably EC value < 0.5；The loose sandy loam of fertile soil is advisable, unsuitable continuous cropping or with chrysanthemum etc. even Make；It waters, cannot vertically water to blade face to root, conditional place uses drip irrigation, and rainy season will drain in time, prevents Sealing flood；

Step 4.5, fertilizer and water management:

Step 4.5.1, the diligent fertilizer of carnation potted flower happiness, in bud formation, also needs to impose liquid fertilizer several times in addition to basal dressing, with having Machine liquid fertilizer replaces application with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；10 centimetres of internal diameter of small basin maintenance on potting carnation；It is plucked twice The heart, plant strain growth enrich；Midsummer, which puts radix saposhnikoviae, takes shelter from rain, dredges shady cool place, avoids non-irrigated prevention waterlogging；Potting carnation uses nitre for nitrogen The fifty-fifty growth of state nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen more preferably, is bloomed ahead of time；Summer temperature rises, plant growing way diminuendo, should be Shaoshi fertilizer；To the beginning of autumn Turn cool with weather, imposes gradually liquid fertilizer 4 times to 5 times of enriching gradually；

Step 4.5.2, it is added with richness and pours potting China pink, it is 1:1000 that richness, which is added with the mass ratio of water, is installed inside plastics cylinder Then richness is added and is stirred inside being put into, carried out pouring fertilizer after mixing evenly with measuring cup, a basin carnation probably pours 5 to 6 by water Milliliter pours the primary humidity for paying attention to observing soil before paying attention to pouring fertilizer for one week, and excessively fertilizer is poured in drying will lead to burn seedlings, soil Humidity is overly moist to will lead to rotten；

Step 4.5.3, base manure is applied；

The routine servicing management of step 4.6, carnation potted flower:

Step 4.6.1, weeds are removed in time, handle weeds generally on the fine date, some mosses will remove in time, keep away Exempt to influence carnation plants normal growth, weeds are uprooped, are put into refuse bag；

Step 4.6.2, it plucks worm and endangers leaf, Liriomyza hides on Dianthus caryophyllus, is difficult to be killed with medicament, needs to extract worm danger Evil leaf, plant just can be with well-grown；Plant type is just beautiful, has ornamental value；

Step 4.6.3, dry watering is shown in pinching, topping, when plant grows 6 pairs to 9 pairs of leaves, plucks top tip more than the 4th pair of leaf； Branch pinching again is developed into lateral bud, being kept for every plant there are 7 to 9 neat side shoots, and winter blossoms；Supervention branch after plant pinching Item needs can just bloom for 5 to 6 months, with this regulation florescence；Summer temperature rises, plant growing way diminuendo, should be Shaoshi fertilizer；It is extremely vertical Autumn turns cool with weather, imposes gradually liquid fertilizer 4 times to 5 times of enriching gradually；At the beginning of 10 months, room temperature is kept for 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, prevents daytime The night temperature difference is more than 8 DEG C；Pay attention to ventilation, keep illumination sufficient, January to 2 months can Lu Kaihua, longer blooming period May to June；Pinching Topping is conducive to plant and increases branch, makes plant rounding, improve the ornamental value of potted flower；

Step 4.6.4, the pest and disease damages such as keypoint control leaf spot, rust, red spider and leaf miner select 800 times of 50% carbendazim 1500 times of liquid, 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, 500 times of liquid of triazolone, Acetamiprid liquid, 40% isocarbophos 1000 times of liquid chemical controls；

Step 4.6.5, the cultivation of carnation potted flower；

Step 4.6.6, the pose pattern of carnation potted flower:

After upper basin, close wrong row draws basin primary, is changed to row, stays a null every 10 rows, poured with facilitating after plant grows up Hole irrigation when water applies fertilizer；Pay attention to separately discharging big plantlet when drawing basin, edge is exchanged with intermediate, light compared with strength with compared with Dark place is exchanged, and the partially long plant of discovery should turn basin, so that growth uniformity；Reject too small plant and disease, weak, residual plant； The plant of two edges should not be too outer, not touch second layer insulation film as degree；

Step 4.6.7, the florescence: potting carnation perpetual bloom；Under the conditions of the planting environment of good appropriateness, it can bloom.

9. the implantation methods of carnation potted flower according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the step step 4.6.5 In carnation potted flower cultivation specifically:

Step 4.6.5.1, the determination of planting type is according to the difference of flowering period, using different planting types, to the winter, Spring blooms, should using winter flower planting type, i.e. mid or late May to being colonized by the end of June, by the end of July to late August pinching, October The middle ten days to May in next year blooms；If summer and autumn blooms, summer potted flower culture mode should be taken, i.e., is colonized by the end of February to mid-March；Product Kind selection: preferred pattern is bright-coloured, flower-shape beauty, the long 50cm or more of stalk, the strong kind of disease resistance；Seedling requires base portion root of hair equal Even, root system whitens, size neat and consistent, has visible hair, stem thickness section is short, and 3~4 pairs of 1 hearts of blade, leaf color is delicate and pretty, Ye Biaomi By wax coat；Go through plant whether have dehydration, rhizome rot, blade band scab undesirable condition；Seedling should be stored in cool place Place, when plantation, cannot directly shine in the sun, if the seedling taken out after refrigerating, the temperature of seedling must be waited to be restored to normal temperature It can plant；

Step 4.6.5.2, the proportion of matrix: turfy soil and perlite ratio 3:1, garden mould: peat: perlite=6: 3: 1, EC value 1.2-1.5；After matrix is prepared, suitable water is poured, water should not be excessive or very few, and being twisted with hand can scatter preferably, upper basin After sprinkle profoundly water primary, it is primary to spray microbial inoculum after waiting blades dry.