CN110434330A - A kind of technological parameter development approach of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials - Google Patents
A kind of technological parameter development approach of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN110434330A CN110434330A CN201910580135.2A CN201910580135A CN110434330A CN 110434330 A CN110434330 A CN 110434330A CN 201910580135 A CN201910580135 A CN 201910580135A CN 110434330 A CN110434330 A CN 110434330A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of technological parameter development approaches of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials, comprising: determines key process parameter, other parameters are all preset in preferable states；The starting point explored using existing metal material key process parameter as key process parameter；The revised key process parameter upper limit and revised key process parameter lower limit that the exploration energy input upper limit and energy input lower limit obtain respectively constitute key process parameter window.Method of the present invention is suitble to various metal materials, it only chooses laser power P and exploration variable of the sweep speed V as key process parameter, fixed other parameters, after desk study, P is coupled with V using linear energy density ρ=P/V, obtain the linear energy density range of work and its anti-P-V mechanical property released, by taking HastelloyX alloy as an example, its consistency >=97%, room temperature tensile properties are more than hot investment casting HastelloyX Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property, have the potentiality for improving gas-turbine combustion chamber material property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing (3D printing) technical fields more particularly to a kind of powdering formula to increase material system
Make the technological parameter development approach of target metal materials.
Background technique
Metal increases material manufacturing technology is the new material processing technology that recent decades grow up, and has quick, nothing
The advantages that mold, unrestricted near-net-shape and machining shape.Compared to traditional technology, processed using metal increases material manufacturing technology
Structure is complicated, zero of small lot, high added value have a clear superiority.In recent years, metal increases material manufacturing technology was gradually included
A series of countries and regions including the U.S., Europe, Japan and China, which are considered as, revitalizes a manufacturing forward-looking technology.
Metal increases material manufacturing technology is broadly divided into the increasing material manufacturing of powder feeding formula and the increasing material manufacturing of powdering formula (such as Fig. 1 institute at present
Show), wherein the former is with laser solid forming (LSF) for representative, and the latter is with selective laser fusing (SLM) and electron beam selective melting
It (EBM) is representative.For metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, machined parameters include: laser power, sweep speed, single layer
Layer height, spot diameter, forming road spacing, laser defocusing amount, overlapping rate, beam mode, print logic, incidence angle etc..
Since metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing is with high costs, only develop early period on a small quantity applied to aerospace field
The technological parameter of the high temperature alloys such as the titanium alloys such as TC4 and IN718 also only develops more than 20 metal materials up to now
Technological parameter, as Chinese patent CN105312569A discloses a kind of layering bulk metal increasing material manufacturing method comprising: it designs
Model, carry out hierarchical block processing, carry out point monolithic handle, each monolithic is ranked up, each monolithic carry out slicing delamination, believe
Breath is transferred to metal increasing material manufacturing equipment, completes part forming；Chinese patent CN105252002A, which discloses a kind of apply, to be continued
Even just is pressed into row metal increasing material manufacturing apparatus and method；The device continues during providing metal increasing material manufacturing by high-pressure bottle
Uniform positive pressure can be such that the metallographic structure of metal increasing material manufacturing part is optimized, and eliminate micro-crack, deformation and stomata etc. and lack
It falls into.
But it is mature to be mainly concentrated in technique for applying parameter for the technology about metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing at present
On material, and the research about powdering formula increasing material manufacturing material technology parameter development is rarely reported.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of work of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials
Skill parameter development method, in view of metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing material technology parameter development there are technological gap, it is preferential to select
It uses the HastelloyX alloy of gas-turbine combustion chamber as experimental material, explores a kind of material supplier of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
Skill parameter development method is the technological parameter exploitation and optimization of HastelloyX alloy and other materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
Provide some thinkings.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of technological parameter development approach of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials comprising following
Step:
Step 1) determines the key process parameter that can be changed in technological parameter, by its in addition to variable key process parameter
He is preset in preferable states by technological parameter；
Step 2) is using the existing metal material key process parameter closest to target metal materials as metal target material
Expect the starting point that key process parameter is explored；
The energy input upper limit of step 3) goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, and pass through the energy input upper limit
The anti-combination for pushing away key process parameter constitutes the key process parameter upper limit for the target metal materials for avoiding energy input excessive；
The energy input upper limit of verifying and amendment target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing is to obtain revised key process parameter
The upper limit；
The energy input lower limit of step 4) goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, is repaired by tensile test at room temperature
The energy input lower limit of positive goal metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, and key process parameter is pushed away by the way that energy input lower limit is counter
Combination, constitute avoid energy input too small target metal materials key process parameter lower limit；Verifying and amendment target gold
Belong to the energy input lower limit of material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing to obtain revised key process parameter lower limit；
The revised key process parameter upper limit and revised key that step 5) is obtained according to step 3) and step 4)
The key process parameter window of technological parameter lower limit composition target metal materials.
In order to advanced optimize above-mentioned technological parameter development approach, the technical measures that the present invention takes further include:
Further, the target metal materials include 17-4PH stainless steel, TC4 titanium alloy, IN718 high temperature alloy,
One of HastelloyX alloy, AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy, TC17 titanium alloy.More preferably HastelloyX alloy, TC17
One of titanium alloy, AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy, most preferably HastelloyX alloy.
Further, the technological parameter in the increasing material manufacturing of powdering formula includes: power P, sweep speed V, single layer thickness t, light
Spot diameter D, forming road spacing d, overlapping rate η, beam mode, print logic, incidence angle.
Further, being used as in the step 1) using power P and sweep speed V influences the target metal materials powdering
The key process parameter of formula increasing material manufacturing, remaining processing parameter setting are as follows: thickness in monolayer t=20-50um；Spot diameter D=
75-100um；Shape road spacing d=50-100um；Overlapping rate η=30-50%；Beam mode is basic mode TEM00 type；Printing is patrolled
It collects and uses Normal mode；Incidence angle is 80-90%.
Further, the specific steps of the step 2) include: to be developed using metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing equipment vendor
The starting point explored as the target metal materials key process parameter of existing metal material key process parameter, pass through material
Expect that physical parameter compares, selects the material closest with the target metal materials and using its P and V as the target
The starting point that metal material key process parameter is explored, the material property parameter includes fusing point, density, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion
Coefficient.
Further, in the step 3), the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit is explored
The step of include: to process the target metal materials sample block of different P, V combination in same substrate；In the P and V primarily determined
Value parameter numerically, is suitably increased P, while suitably reducing V, is designed different key process parameter groups on same substrate with this
The sample block of conjunction is tested comprehensively；If experimental result be can normal process, on other one piece of substrate continue with higher
P or the parameter combination of lower V process sample block, this process is repeated, until there is the result that can not process；If experimental result
Fail for that can not process or process, by linear energy density model " ρ=P/V " to the institute on that block substrate for processing failure occur
There is sample block to carry out linear energy density conversion, the maximum linear energy density sample block participant that finding out will not cause processing to fail causes to process
The minimum linear energy density sample block of failure, to obtain the linear energy density upper limit that the target metal materials avoid processing from failing
ρmax。
Further, in the step 3), the crucial work for the target metal materials for avoiding energy input excessive is constituted
The step of skill parameter upper limit includes: to assume that the linear energy density upper limit is ρmax, the changed power range of equipment is divided into n parts, then
There is Pmin、P1、P2...Pm、Pm+1…PmaxTotal n+1 performance number, or the sweep speed range of equipment is divided into n parts, it obtains
Vmin、V1、V2...Vm、Vm+1…VmaxTotal n+1 rate value, according to ρmax=P/V calculates corresponding V or P, thus to obtain one
The target metal materials key process parameter upper limit described in item.
Further, verifying is wrapped with the step of correcting the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit
It includes: a series of P-V parameter combinations in the key process parameter upper limit being subjected to the target metal materials sample block and are processed；If function
Rate (rate) range obtain it is smaller, may all P-V parameter combination sample blocks all successfully process to get to the metal target material
Expect the increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit；If power (rate) range obtains larger, possible part high P, high V parameter combination
The appearance of sample block can not process, therefore when selecting relatively high power (rate) range, need obtained in the key process parameter upper limit
Technological parameter is modified, to obtain the revised key process parameter upper limit.
Further, in the step 4), the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit is explored
The step of include: that the target metal materials sample block is processed on substrate；Lower than ρ obtained in step 3)maxIt is interior, design one
Group keeps P value constant, and the parameter combination that ρ value equal difference is successively decreased is to process the target metal materials sample block, then by each crucial work
The sample block of skill parameter combination preparation carries out the metallographic observation in two faces of transverse and longitudinal；If it find that not yet being observed in metallographic unmelted
Powder then continues to design the lower P-V parameter combination of linear energy density ρ value, repeats this process, unmelted until finding in metallographic observation
Then powder finds out the minimum linear energy density sample block for not observing unmelted powder in this lot sample block, obtains the metal target material
Material avoids the linear energy density lower limit ρ ' of unmelted powder defectmin。
Further, in the step 4), tensile test at room temperature corrects the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
The step of energy input lower limit includes: to keep P value constant, with ρ 'minFor lower limit, with ρmaxFor the upper limit, by this linear energy density model
It encloses and is divided into i parts, then have ρ 'min、ρ1、ρ2..ρj、ρj+1…ρmaxTotal i+1 linear energy density value；Add according to respective P-V combination
Target metal materials lining bar described in work carries out room temperature tensile properties detection to the stretching lining bar of all parameters；If there is certain
Lining bar performance is lower and fracture on there is unmelted powder, then unqualified, the phase that ρ value corresponding to these lining bars is denoted as increasing material manufacturing
Instead, by performance is higher and fracture apperance in do not find that ρ value corresponding to the lining bar of unmelted powder is denoted as increasing material manufacturing qualification；In lining bar
Linear energy density minimum is found out in increasing material manufacturing qualification, avoids repairing for unmelted powder defect as the target metal materials
Positive linear energy density lower limit ρmin。
Further, further comprising the steps of: counter again can release series of identical ρ by ρ=P/V formulaminThe P-V group of value
It closes, thus to obtain a target metal materials key process parameter lower limit.
Further, verifying is wrapped with the step of correcting the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit
It includes: by series of identical ρminThe P-V combination of value carries out lining bar processing, then all carries out room temperature tensile properties detection and fracture
Pattern powder；In low P, low V parameter combination scope, the powdering formula increasing material manufacturing linear energy density lower limit of the target metal materials
The ρ that theoretical calculation obtains should be higher thanminValue specially guarantees enough P values or the corresponding V value that reduces to increase energy input
Time avoids the target metal materials from defect(ive) structure occur as far as possible, to obtain revised key process parameter lower limit.Its
In, the revised key process parameter upper limit and revised key process parameter lower limit constitute the target metal materials
Key process parameter window.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, has the following technical effect that
The present invention reduces what target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing parameter was explored by the thinking of selection key parameter
Quantity effectively reduces the experimental amount of parameter exploration, accelerates target metal materials (such as HastelloyX alloy, other metal materials
Material be also suitable) powdering formula increasing material manufacturing technological parameter exploitation.
The present invention avoids the powdering formula of target metal materials from increasing material system by linear energy density model and corresponding amendment experiment
Making technological parameter is single numerical value, but provides processing range or window, can lay base for subsequent material process parameter optimizing
Plinth accelerates the exploration of material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing technological parameter.
By taking HastelloyX alloy as an example, powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX alloy property that the present invention is prepared
More than traditional hot investment casting HastelloyX alloy property, have the potentiality for improving gas-turbine combustion chamber material property.
The present invention passes through the increasing material manufacturing of powdering formula, HastelloyX alloy consistency >=97%, and room temperature tensile properties are more than
Hot investment casting HastelloyX Alloy At Room Temperature tensile property has the potentiality for improving gas-turbine combustion chamber material property, and should
Technological parameter development approach has versatility, other metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing technological parameters is suitble to develop.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process schematic representation of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is basic mode TEM00 type energy profile in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the machining sketch chart of Normal mode in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX alloy lining bar in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the fracture apperance judgement of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX alloy lining bar in one embodiment of the invention
Figure；Wherein, a: unmelted powder pattern；B: normal pattern；
Fig. 6 is the P-V constitutional diagram of the HastelloyX alloy theory linear energy density upper limit in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the amendment P-V constitutional diagram that HastelloyX alloy corrects the linear energy density upper limit in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is that tensile test at room temperature corrects HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy in one embodiment of the invention
Input the HastelloyX alloying technology parameter window of lower limit；
The amendment HastelloyX of HastelloyX alloy amendment linear energy density lower limit is closed in Fig. 9 one embodiment of the invention
Gold amendment process window.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of technological parameter development approaches of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials comprising following
Step: determining the key process parameter that can be changed in technological parameter, other techniques in addition to variable key process parameter are joined
Number is all preset in preferable states；Using the existing metal material key process parameter closest to target metal materials as target
The starting point that metal material key process parameter is explored；In the energy input of goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
Limit, and by the anti-combination for pushing away key process parameter of the energy input upper limit, constitute the metal target material for avoiding energy input excessive
The key process parameter upper limit of material；The energy input upper limit of verifying and amendment target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing is to obtain
The revised key process parameter upper limit；The energy input lower limit of goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, passes through room
The energy input lower limit of warm tension test amendment target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, and pushed away by the way that energy input lower limit is counter
The combination of key process parameter constitutes the key process parameter lower limit for the target metal materials for avoiding energy input too small；Verifying
With amendment target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit to obtain revised key process parameter lower limit；Root
Metal target material is constituted according to the revised key process parameter upper limit of above-mentioned acquisition and revised key process parameter lower limit
The key process parameter window of material.
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, further description of the specific embodiments of the present invention.Following embodiment is only
For clearly illustrating technical solution of the present invention, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of technological parameter development approach of general powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX alloy,
Used powdering formula increases material manufacturing technology includes: selective laser melting process, powder bed electron-beam melting forming technique.It is adopted
The technological parameter of powdering formula increases material manufacturing technology includes: power (P), sweep speed (V), single layer thickness (t), spot diameter
(D), road spacing (d), overlapping rate (η), beam mode, print logic, incidence angle (angle of high energy beam and finished surface) are shaped
Deng.
For the specific plan of the metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing technological parameter exploitation by taking HastelloyX alloy as an example
Slightly:
1) it determines key process parameter or reduces variable process parameters, by the other parameters in addition to variable key parameter
Preferable states are all preset in, specifically: power P and sweep speed V are as influence HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
Key parameter, and thickness in monolayer t is set as powder average particle size (20-50um), spot diameter D=75-100um, shapes road
Spacing d=50-100um, overlapping rate η=30-50%, beam mode are basic mode TEM00Type (see Fig. 2), print logic is using simple
Normal mode (see Fig. 3), incidence angle is about in 80-90%.
2) the existing metal material technological parameter developed using metal powdering formula increasing material manufacturing equipment vendor as
The starting point that HastelloyX alloying technology parameter is explored, specifically: pass through material property parameter (such as fusing point, density, thermal conductivity
Rate, thermal expansion coefficient) compare, select the material closest with HastelloyX alloy and using its P and V as
The starting point that HastelloyX alloying technology parameter is explored.
3) the desk study HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit.Because increasing material system in powdering formula
During making, metal material may all cause finished surface unstability because energy input is excessively high, further cause processing part position
The processing failure situation that offset or powder-wiping plate block.So in order to avoid HastelloyX alloy occurs due to energy input is excessive
Cause to process failing as a result, processing different P, V combinations on same substrate (long 140mm × wide 140mm) first
HastelloyX alloy sample block (long 5mm × wide 5mm) to explore the energy input upper limit of alloy, specifically: in the P primarily determined
Numerically with V value parameter, suitably increase P, while suitably reducing V, design different parameters combination on same substrate with this
Sample block is tested comprehensively.Experimental result, which will appear, normal process and can not process two kinds of situations, if there is the former, Ke Yi
Continue to process sample block with the parameter combination of higher P or lower V on other one piece of substrate, this process is repeated, until there is nothing
The result of method processing.When appearance processing failure situation, that fail is processed to appearance by linear energy density model " ρ=P/V "
All sample blocks on block substrate carry out linear energy density conversion, then find out the maximum linear energy density that processing will not be caused to fail
The minimum linear energy density sample block that sample block participant causes processing to fail, using the former linear energy density value as HastelloyX alloy
The linear energy density upper limit ρ for avoiding processing from failingmax。
4) HastelloyX alloy ρ obtained in 3) is utilizedmax, alloy process is instead released according to ρ=P/V formula again
In series of identical ρ value P-V combination, thus constitute one can be avoided the excessive HastelloyX alloying technology of energy input
Parameter bound, specifically: assuming that the linear energy density upper limit is ρmax, the changed power range of equipment is divided into n parts, then is had
Pmin、P1、P2...Pm、Pm+1…PmaxTotal n+1 performance number (or the sweep speed range of equipment is divided into n parts, obtain Vmin、
V1、V2...Vm、Vm+1…VmaxTotal n+1 rate value), according to ρmax=P/V is calculated corresponding V (or P), and notional result is as schemed
Shown in 6.
5) verifying and the amendment HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit, specifically: it will be according to 4)
Obtained in a series of P-V parameter combinations carry out the processing of HastelloyX alloy sample blocks.If power (rate) range obtain compared with
It is small, may all P-V parameter combination sample blocks all successfully process to get in HastelloyX alloy increasing material manufacturing energy input
Limit；If power (rate) range obtains larger, the sample block appearance of possible part high P, high V parameter combination can not be processed,
The reason is that although linear energy density is identical, since linear energy density model haves the defects that desalination " input time ", high P, high V
Combination completes same energy input compared to low P, low V combination in a shorter time, in addition at high operating temperatures, material conducts heat rate
In the case that variation less even reduces, alloy can be made to obtain bigger heat accumulation using the former parameter processing, in subsequent sample block
In process, it is be easy to cause surface unstability, so guarantee smoothly processing if it is desired that being merged with high P, high V parameter group,
ρ'maxValue, which may not can reach in 3), obtains ρmax；Similarly, it in low P, the processing of low V parameter combination, is needed since equal energy inputs
The long period is wanted to complete input, the heat accumulation of HastelloyX alloy reduces, so that its ρ "maxValue is more than ρmaxCan equally it guarantee
Alloy processing.To sum up, it when selecting relatively high power (rate) range, needs for technological parameter obtained in 4) to be modified to such as Fig. 7
It is shown.
6) desk study HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit.Because increasing material system in powdering formula
During making, metal material may cause internal unmelted powder defect because energy input is too small, further influence rapidoprint
Military service performance.So in order to avoid there is unmelted powder inside powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX alloy, it is equally (long in substrate
140mm × wide 140mm) on process HastelloyX alloy sample block (long 5mm × wide 5mm), under the energy input to explore alloy
Limit, specifically: lower than ρ obtained in 3)maxInterior, one group of holding P value of design is constant, and the parameter combination that ρ value equal difference is successively decreased is to add
Work HastelloyX alloy sample block, the sample block for then preparing each parameter combination carry out the metallographic observation in two faces of transverse and longitudinal.If
It was found that not yet observing unmelted powder in metallographic, then continuing to design the lower P-V parameter combination of linear energy density ρ value, repeat
Then this process finds out the minimum rate of accumulation energy for not observing unmelted powder until finding unmelted powder in metallographic observation in this lot sample block
Metric density sample block avoids the linear energy density lower limit of unmelted powder defect using this linear energy density value as HastelloyX alloy
ρ'min。
7) HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit is corrected by tensile test at room temperature, specifically
Are as follows: keep P value constant, with ρ 'minFor lower limit, with ρmaxFor the upper limit, this linear energy density range is divided into i parts, then has ρ 'min、
ρ1、ρ2..ρj、ρj+1…ρmaxTotal i+1 linear energy density value.According to respective P-V Combined machining HastelloyX lining bar (as schemed
Shown in 4), the stretching lining bar of national standard is met by being machined into, room temperature tensile then is carried out to the stretching lining bar of all parameters
Performance detection.Occur unmelted powder (Fig. 5) on lower and fracture if there is certain lining bar performances, then it will be corresponding to these lining bars
ρ value is denoted as that increasing material manufacturing is unqualified, on the contrary, by performance is higher and fracture apperance in do not find ρ corresponding to the lining bar of unmelted powder
Value is denoted as increasing material manufacturing qualification.Finally, linear energy density minimum is found out in lining bar increasing material manufacturing qualification, as
HastelloyX alloy avoids the amendment linear energy density lower limit ρ of unmelted powder defectmin.It counter again can be pushed away by ρ=P/V formula
Series of identical ρ outminThe P-V of value is combined, and thus a HastelloyX alloying technology parameter bound can be constituted again, in conjunction with 5)
Middle conclusion, available process window as shown in Figure 8.
8) verifying and amendment HastelloyX alloy powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit, specifically: in 7)
Series of identical ρminThe P-V combination of value carries out lining bar processing, then all carries out room temperature tensile properties detection and fracture apperance powder
End.Although linear energy density is all ρmin, but when the low P in use part, low V parameter processing HastelloyX alloy lining bar, due to
Power is too low, the molten bath insufficient (incomplete) penetration in process, and the lining bar finally processed is still it is possible that unmelted powder or layer
With problem the defects of layer lack of fusion.So the powdering formula of HastelloyX alloy increases material system in low P, low V parameter combination scope
The ρ that theoretical calculation obtains should be higher than by making linear energy density lower limitminValue, specifically should be ensured that enough P values or accordingly reduces V
Value avoids HastelloyX alloy from defect(ive) structure occur, the process window finally obtained as far as possible to increase time of energy input
As shown in Figure 9.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is the case of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing HastelloyX high temperature alloy technological parameter exploitation:
Using 3D system company produce ProX series powdering formula laser gain material manufacturing equipment, by power P with sweep
It retouching rate V and is set as variable, thickness in monolayer t=30um, spot diameter D=75um shape road spacing d=50um, overlapping rate η=
33%, beam mode is basic mode TEM00Type, print logic use easy Normal mode, and incidence angle is about in 80-90%.
1) experimental material uses the HastelloyX alloy powder of average grain diameter D50=30.2um.
2) using 17-4PH stainless steel P=300w, V=2.5m/s in device databases as HastelloyX high temperature alloy work
Skill parameter explores starting point, design relevant parameter combination.
3) linear energy density upper limit ρ is found by 3D printing forming experimentmax=128J/m.
It 4), can be in the hope of a series of P-V parameter combination by bringing ρ=128J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
5) by amendment experiment, in high power range, linear energy density is reduced to 123J/m；In low power ranges
It is interior, linear energy density is increased to 132J/m.
6) pass through room temperature tensile detection and appearance analysis, linear energy density lower limit ρmin=114J/m；
It 7), can be in the hope of the P-V parameter combination of another series by bringing ρ=114J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
8) by amendment experiment, in low power ranges, lower limit of the power P=195w is determined, while linear energy density being increased
To 118J/m；
HastelloyX high temperature alloy increasing material manufacturing mechanical property is obtained by above eight step, passes through the process window
Mouthful, can prepare yield strength in 570-630MPa, tensile strength in 790-850MPa, elongation percentage 36-38%'s
HastelloyX alloy, indices are above hot investment casting HastelloyX alloy standard, Shanghai electrical combustion engine turbine company
HastelloyX alloy property standard, GE company early stage HastelloyX alloy forged piece standard and US Airways material
HastelloyX alloy forged piece standard (1975).
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is the case of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing TC17 titanium alloy technological parameter exploitation:
Using 3D system company produce ProX series powdering formula laser gain material manufacturing equipment, by power P with sweep
It retouching rate V and is set as variable, thickness in monolayer t=30um, spot diameter D=75um shape road spacing d=50um, overlapping rate η=
33%, beam mode is basic mode TEM00 type, and print logic uses easy Normal mode, incidence angle 85%.
1) experimental material uses the TC17 titanium alloy powder of average grain diameter D50=32.7um.
2) it is explored TC4 titanium alloy P=300w, V=1.8m/s in device databases as TC17 titanium alloy technological parameter
Starting point, design relevant parameter combination.
3) linear energy density upper limit ρ is found by 3D printing forming experimentmax=145J/m.
It 4), can be in the hope of a series of P-V parameter combination by bringing ρ=145J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
5) by amendment experiment, in high power range, linear energy density is reduced to 140J/m；In low power ranges
It is interior, linear energy density is increased to 151J/m.
6) pass through room temperature tensile detection and appearance analysis, linear energy density lower limit ρmin=125J/m
It 7), can be in the hope of the P-V parameter combination of another series by bringing ρ=125J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
8) by amendment experiment, in low power ranges, lower limit of the power P=220w is determined, while linear energy density being increased
To 130J/m；
Obtaining TC17 titanium alloy increasing material manufacturing mechanical property by above eight step can be made by the process window
Standby yield strength out 1020-1080MPa, tensile strength 1120-1150MPa, elongation percentage 5-8% TC17 titanium alloy,
It is horizontal that indices reach TC17 titanium alloy forging.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is that powdering formula increasing material manufacturing AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy technological parameter develops case:
Using 3D system company produce ProX series powdering formula laser gain material manufacturing equipment, by power P with sweep
It retouching rate V and is set as variable, thickness in monolayer t=30um, spot diameter D=75um shape road spacing d=50um, overlapping rate η=
33%, beam mode is basic mode TEM00 type, and print logic uses easy Normal mode, incidence angle 85%.
1) experimental material uses the AlSi10Mg Al alloy powder of average grain diameter D50=35.8um.
2) it is visited acieral P=285w, V=2.5m/s in device databases as AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy technological parameter
Rope starting point, design relevant parameter combination.
3) the linear energy density upper limit ρ of AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy is found by experimental phenomenamax=110J/m.
It 4), can be in the hope of a series of P-V parameter combination by bringing ρ=110J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
5) by amendment experiment, in high power range, linear energy density is reduced to 104J/m；In low power ranges
It is interior, linear energy density is increased to 114J/m.
6) pass through room temperature tensile detection and appearance analysis, linear energy density lower limit ρ min=82J/m
It 7), can be in the hope of the P-V parameter combination of another series by bringing ρ=82J/m into ρ=P/V formula.
8) by amendment experiment, in low power ranges, lower limit of the power P=150w is determined, while linear energy density being increased
To 94J/m；
AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy increasing material manufacturing mechanical property is obtained by above eight step, passes through the process window, energy
Enough prepare yield strength 203-210MPa, tensile strength 340-356MPa, elongation percentage 3.2-4.5% AlSi10Mg
Aluminium alloy, it is horizontal that indices reach AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy castings.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, it is target metal materials powdering formula that the present invention, which only chooses laser power P and sweep speed V,
The exploration variable of increasing material manufacturing technological parameter, fixed other parameters utilize linear energy density ρ after the exploration of preliminary process parameter
=P/V couples P with V, finally obtain target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing the linear energy density range of work and
By the linear energy density range of work and the anti-P-V mechanical property released of ρ=P/V formula, it is with HastelloyX alloy
Example, HastelloyX alloy consistency >=97% obtained, room temperature tensile properties are more than hot investment casting HastelloyX alloy
Room temperature tensile properties have the potentiality for improving gas-turbine combustion chamber material property, and the process development method is equally applicable to
Other metal materials.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but it is only used as example, the present invention is not intended to limit
In particular embodiments described above.To those skilled in the art, the equivalent modifications and replace that any couple of present invention carries out
In generation, is also all among scope of the invention.Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention made by equal transformation and repair
Change, all should be contained within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of technological parameter development approach of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing target metal materials, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1) determines the key process parameter that can be changed in technological parameter, by other works in addition to variable key process parameter
Skill parameter is all preset in preferable states；
Step 2) is closed using the existing metal material key process parameter closest to target metal materials as target metal materials
The starting point that key technological parameter is explored；
The energy input upper limit of step 3) goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, and pushed away by the way that the energy input upper limit is counter
The combination of key process parameter constitutes the key process parameter upper limit for the target metal materials for avoiding energy input excessive；Verifying
And the energy input upper limit of amendment target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing is to obtain the revised key process parameter upper limit；
The energy input lower limit of step 4) goal seeking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, corrects mesh by tensile test at room temperature
The energy input lower limit of metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing is marked, and passes through the anti-group for pushing away key process parameter of energy input lower limit
It closes, constitutes the key process parameter lower limit for the target metal materials for avoiding energy input too small；Verifying and amendment metal target material
Expect the energy input lower limit of powdering formula increasing material manufacturing to obtain revised key process parameter lower limit；
The revised key process parameter upper limit and revised critical process of the step 5) according to step 3) with step 4) acquisition
The key process parameter window of parameter lower limit composition target metal materials.
2. technological parameter development approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the target metal materials are
One of HastelloyX alloy, TC17 titanium alloy, AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy.
3. technological parameter development approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the technique ginseng in powdering formula increasing material manufacturing
Number includes: power P, sweep speed V, single layer thickness t, spot diameter D, forming road spacing d, overlapping rate η, beam mode, printing
Logic, incidence angle.
4. technological parameter development approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1) using power P with
Sweep speed V is set as the key process parameter for influencing the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing, remaining technological parameter
It is fixed as follows: thickness in monolayer t=20-50um；Spot diameter D=75-100um；Shape road spacing d=50-100um；Overlapping rate η=
30-50%；Beam mode is basic mode TEM00 type；Print logic uses Normal mode；Incidence angle is 80-90%.
5. technological parameter development approach according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the specific steps packet of the step 2)
It includes: being compared by material property parameter, select the material closest with the target metal materials and made using its P and V
For the starting point that the target metal materials key process parameter is explored, the material property parameter includes fusing point, density, thermal conductivity
Rate, thermal expansion coefficient.
6. technological parameter development approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3), explore the mesh
The step of marking the metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input upper limit includes: to process what different P, V were combined in same substrate
The target metal materials sample block；The P that primarily determines and V value parameter numerically, increase P, while reducing V, with this same
The sample block that different key process parameter combinations are designed on block substrate is tested comprehensively；If experimental result be can normal process,
Then continuing to process sample block with the parameter combination of higher P or lower V on other one piece of substrate, is repeating this process, until
There is the result that can not be processed；If experimental result is that can not process or process to fail, by linear energy density model " ρ=P/
V " carries out linear energy density conversion to all sample blocks on that block substrate for processing failure occur, and finding out will not cause processing to fail
Maximum linear energy density sample block participant cause processing fail minimum linear energy density sample block, to obtain the metal target
The linear energy density upper limit ρ that material avoids processing from failingmax。
7. technological parameter development approach according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the step 3), composition avoids energy
The step of key process parameter upper limit of the excessive target metal materials of amount input includes: to assume that the linear energy density upper limit is
ρmax, the changed power range of equipment is divided into n parts, then has Pmin、P1、P2...Pm、Pm+1…PmaxTotal n+1 performance number, or
The sweep speed range of equipment is divided into n parts by person, obtains Vmin、V1、V2...Vm、Vm+1…VmaxTotal n+1 rate value, according to
ρmax=P/V calculates corresponding V or P, thus to obtain the target metal materials key process parameter upper limit.
8. technological parameter development approach according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the step 4), explore the mesh
The step of marking metal material powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit includes: that the target metal materials sample is processed on substrate
Block；Lower than ρ obtained in step 3)maxInterior, one group of holding P value of design is constant, and the parameter combination that ρ value equal difference is successively decreased is to process
Then the target metal materials sample block is seen the metallographic that the sample block of each key process parameter combination preparation carries out two faces of transverse and longitudinal
It examines；If it find that not yet observing unmelted powder in metallographic, then continue to design the lower P-V parameter combination of linear energy density ρ value,
This process is repeated then to find out in this lot sample block until finding unmelted powder in metallographic observation and do not observe the minimum of unmelted powder
Linear energy density sample block obtains the linear energy density lower limit ρ ' that the target metal materials avoid unmelted powder defectmin。
9. technological parameter development approach according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step 4), room temperature tensile examination
Running repair just the target metal materials powdering formula increasing material manufacturing energy input lower limit the step of include: keep P value it is constant, with ρ 'min
For lower limit, with ρmaxFor the upper limit, this linear energy density range is divided into i parts, then has ρ 'min、ρ1、ρ2..ρj、ρj+1…ρmaxTotal i+
1 linear energy density value；According to target metal materials lining bar described in respective P-V Combined machining, to the stretching sample of all parameters
Stick carries out room temperature tensile properties detection；There is unmelted powder on lower and fracture if there is certain lining bar performances, then by these samples
ρ value corresponding to stick is denoted as that increasing material manufacturing is unqualified, on the contrary, by performance is higher and fracture apperance in do not find the lining bar of unmelted powder
Corresponding ρ value is denoted as increasing material manufacturing qualification；Linear energy density minimum is found out in lining bar increasing material manufacturing qualification, as
The target metal materials avoid the amendment linear energy density lower limit ρ of unmelted powder defectmin。
10. technological parameter development approach according to claim 9, which is characterized in that further comprise the steps of: through ρ=P/V public affairs
Formula counter again can release series of identical ρminThe P-V of value is combined, thus to obtain a target metal materials critical process ginseng
Number lower limit.
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