CN103949646B - A kind of preparation method of Nb-Si based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of Nb-Si based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN103949646B CN103949646B CN201410211028.XA CN201410211028A CN103949646B CN 103949646 B CN103949646 B CN 103949646B CN 201410211028 A CN201410211028 A CN 201410211028A CN 103949646 B CN103949646 B CN 103949646B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to turbo blade manufacturing technology field, do you be particularly related to a kind of electron beam RP technique (electron? beam? melting, EBM) prepare the method for NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade, utilize electron beam constituency rapid forming equipment, by rational technological parameter is set, directly completed the preparation of complicated NbSi alloy turbine blade by cad model one step, the turbo blade density obtaining is high, forming accuracy is good, defect is few, and alloy vane is mainly by Nbss solid solution and Nb5Si3Hardening constituent composition, phase size is tiny and be evenly distributed, and can improve the combination property of turbo blade. This method shaping turbo blade process, without mould, reduces alloy and pollutes and oxidation, reduces and is mingled with content, and alloy material utilization rate is high, can improve the combination property of blade.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to turbo blade manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation side of Nb-Si based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine bladeMethod.
Background technology
The development of high performance airplane depends on the lasting progress of aero engine technology. Along with gas-turbine unit thrust-weight ratio and effectThe raising of rate, turbine inlet temperature (TIT) constantly increases. In combustion turbine engine components, the condition of work of turbo blade is the most severeCarve, not only will bear extreme high temperature, heavily stressed and severe corrosive environment, and require the long life, this just requires whirlpoolImpeller blade material has high creep-resistant property, good corrosion resistance, high creep rupture strength and fracture toughness etc.
The third generation nickel-base high-temperature single crystal alloy that aero engine turbine blades uses at present, its serviceability temperature limit is 1150 DEG C,Approach 85% of this alloy melting point, it is very difficult wanting further to improve its serviceability temperature. Therefore exploitation has more bearing high temperatureThe blade material of ability, to the manufacture important in inhibiting of aero-engine. In in the past more than 20 year, refractory silicide is because of itThe features such as high-melting-point, low-density and good high-temperature behavior are subject to extensive concern. Wherein Nb-Si base alloy (density 6.6～7.2g/cm3, fracture toughness can exceed 20MPam1/2), the most potential as engine turbine blade material.
Nb-Si based ultra-high temperature alloy basic composition is toughness solid solution Nb mutuallyssWith hard intermetallic compound Nb5Si3. This tough/Hard two-phase structure, in performance excellent high intensity, has certain Toughness. Because Nb-Si base alloy melting point is high (superCross 1800 DEG C), contain the contour active element of a large amount of Ti and Hf simultaneously, cause alloy material preparation difficulty. Nb-Si base alloyPreparation mainly contain the methods such as non-consumable vacuum arc melting, induction melting, model casting and directional solidification. Vacuum arc meltingPreparation Nb-Si base alloy, structural homogenity is uncontrollable, has a large amount of shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosities, affects alloy property. Vacuum induction melting systemStandby Nb-Si base alloy, can keep alloying component even, but preparation process melt temperature is inhomogeneous, and the degree of superheat is low, easily formsThe defects such as poured short. Directional solidification can obtain the tissue of good combination property, have near-net forming and efficiency high etc. feature,Become the prefered method of preparation Nb-Si base alloy, but at high temperature, melt is very easy to and crucible generation interfacial reaction, containing oxygenMeasure and be mingled with increase, reducing alloy property. Model casting is prepared Nb-Si alloy technology and is not also attained full development, the Nb-Si of meltingBase alloy activity has limited the application of ceramic base formwork system.
Moreover, turbo blade structure is complicated (accompanying drawing 1) extremely, adopts said method to prepare blade and need to prepare complicated mouldTool or formwork, technique is loaded down with trivial details, needs many postprocessing working procedures simultaneously, and production efficiency is low. Therefore, solving Nb-Si based ultra-high temperature closesThe Problems in forming of gold turbo blade is most important.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, just for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of employing electron beam selective melting RP technique (electronbeamMelting, EBM) prepare fast the method for NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade.
EBM can realize 3 D complex structure parts without mould, high performance quick preparation. Its principle is: based on discrete/ stack shaping principle, utilizes computer to obtain the three-dimensional CAD physical model of parts, then utilizes delamination software in component heightDirection is carried out hierarchy slicing, and the three-D profile information of parts is converted into two-dimensional silhouette information, and generates scanning pattern. ElectronicsThe high-power electron beam of rifle transmitting is according to the scanning pattern of specifying, and the successively preset metal or alloy powder of melt deposition, piles up layer by layerForm 3 d part. EBM method economy, fast, is specially adapted to the system of difficult processing, high-performance refractory metal or alloy partStandby.
The present invention utilizes electron beam selective melting RP technique to prepare NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade, and accompanying drawing 2 is electronicsThe structural principle schematic diagram of bundle quickly shaping device.
The technical scheme that the present invention prepares turbo blade is:
A fast preparation method for NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1. first utilize three-dimensional graphics software (Magics) to set up the three-dimensional CAD model of the turbo blade (7) needing, and preserveFor stl file; Then utilize delamination software (EBMassembler) stl file to be carried out in short transverse to hierarchy slicing placeReason, is divided into the section of even thickness (0.05～0.1mm), and cross-sectional profiles information and scanning that section comprises blade (7) addWork path; Utilize delamination software that section is saved as to ABF file, and import in electron beam constituency quickly shaping device (9);
2. NbSi alloy powder is encased in the Pu Fen mechanism (5) in equipment (9). When equipment (9) is evacuated to 10-3Pa～10-2PaAfter, electron gun (1) is launched electronic beam current (2), and under the effect of focus coil (3) and deflection coil (4), pressesPre-hot path (13) according to design in advance carries out preheating to forming board (8);
3. preheating forming board (8) is to assigned temperature, Pu Fen mechanism (5) forming board (8) layer overlay specific thicknesses (withSlice thickness is identical) NbSi alloy powder (6); Then electron gun (1) is launched electronic beam current (2), and at focus coil(3) and under the effect of deflection coil (4), according to the pre-hot path (13) of design in advance, all powder (6) is carried out to preheating;
4. preheating powder (6) is to assigned temperature, and electronic beam current (2) stream is according to fusing path (14) fusing of design in advanceMetal (alloy) powder (6) of appointed area, local metal dust (6) fusing that electronic beam current (2) scans forms moltenPond (11) also deposits and obtains sedimentary deposit (10) rapidly along with leaving of electronic beam current (2);
5. after completing an aspect processing, forming board (8) moves down the distance of a powder (6) bed thickness, paving powder machineStructure (5) is at the upper new metal dust (6) of layer overlay of sedimentary deposit (10), and repeating step 3,4, piles up so layer by layer,Until complete the processing of whole turbo blade (7);
Pre-alloyed NbSi base alloy powder prepared by Powder In Argon Atomization that the present invention adopts, is characterized in that NbSi powder is spherical in shapeOr subsphaeroidal, diameter should be between 50～150 μ m.
In the present invention, in NbSi supertherm turbo blade preparation process, paving powder thickness is 0.05mm～0.1mm.
In the present invention, NbSi supertherm turbo blade preparation process adopts Ti6Al4V forming board, and thickness is 10mm.
In the present invention, NbSi supertherm turbo blade preparation process comprises basal plate preheating, powder preheating and fusion process, pre-Thermal process is to prevent that powder from splashing, and promotes powder presintering, makes to be shaped to maintain a higher temperature simultaneously, reduces shaping leafSheet internal stress.
In the present invention, in preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade process, beam voltage maintains 60kV.
In the present invention, the pre-thermal parameter of forming board that preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade adopts is: beam scan velocity is12000mm/s, electronic beam current is 40mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm.
In the present invention, the pre-thermal parameter of powder that preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade adopts is: preheating 6～10 times, electron beam scanningSpeed is 6000mm/s～8000mm/s, and electronic beam current is 30～40mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm;
In the present invention, the powder smelting parameter that preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade adopts is: melt electron beam scanning speed 1 timeDegree is 400～600mm/s, and fusion current is 8～12mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm.
In the present invention, the vacuum of preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade equipment maintains 10-3Pa～10-2Pa；
In the present invention, the preheat temperature of forming board and powder is identical, is controlled between 900～1100 DEG C;
In the present invention, after preparation NbSi superhigh temperature turbo blade process completes, pour argon gas quickening to blade shaping district cooling, extremelyWhen leaf temperature is down to 100 DEG C, takes out blade and be cooled to room temperature.
Compared with the method for preparing aero engine turbine blades with conventional method, the advantage of technical solution of the present invention is:
(1) electron beam constituency RP technique is subject to the restriction of blade shape hardly, directly the turbine of machining shape complexityBlade, near-net-shape, shaping blade without or little post processing; In forming process, without forging, casting and mould, keep awayExempt from alloy and pollute, significantly shorten the manufacturing cycle of blade, reduce manufacturing cost; Simultaneously undressed, unnecessary NbSi powder is passableRecycle and reuse, stock utilization is high;
(2) in NbSi alloy, low-alloyed performance can fall in the increase of oxygen content, and the high vacuum environment that electron beam shaping adopts is rightThe NbSi alloy of the condition of high temperature has better protection effect, can effectively avoid the oxidation of alloy, has the effect of purification under vacuum simultaneouslyReally, can improve the performance of NbSi alloy vane.
(3) capacity usage ratio high (electron beam absorptivity > 75%), line can be easy to realize high-power, thereby materialFusing stackeding speed is very fast, and turbo blade manufacture is rapid.
(4) due to powder is carried out to preheating, when shaping, leaf temperature maintains between 900～1100 DEG C all the time, is equivalent on the one handThermal processes act, reduces the built-in thermal stress of shaping blade, prevents distortion, is conducive to the matched well of blade strength and plasticity;Contribute on the other hand the homogenization of leaf tissue performance.
(5) electron beam Quick-forming NbSi turbo blade, when powder smelting, pool size is very little, and setting time is extremely short, therefore coldBut speed is very large, is height nonequilibrium freezing, and setting time is extremely short, can effectively reduce the microsegregation of NbSi alloy, Er QieheGold density is high, has tiny, even, stable rapid solidification tissue, thereby obtains the NbSi superhigh temperature of mechanical property excellenceAlloy turbine blade.
(6) EBM technology can directly be prepared complex-shaped turbo blade, blade density (> 99%) and forming accuracy isHeight, blade surface roughness is about Ra25; Powder smelting sintering is abundant, and interlayer is in conjunction with good, blade surface without obvious pore andNot molten powder. Leaf tissue is by NbssSolid solution and Nb5Si3Two phase compositions, two phase sizes are very tiny, reach nanoscale,And two-phase is evenly distributed, these tissue signatures are conducive to improve the combination property of blade.
Below by the drawings and specific embodiments in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Brief description of the drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is turbo blade structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 2 is EBM equipment and forming process schematic diagram thereof;
Accompanying drawing 3 is EBM process microcosmic schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is basal plate preheating in EBM process, powder preheating and powder smelting schematic diagram;
The Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf turbo blade pictorial diagram that accompanying drawing 5 is prepared for EBM technology;
The Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf turbo blade XRD spectra that accompanying drawing 6 is prepared for EBM technology;
Accompanying drawing 7 is prepared Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf turbo blade cross section micro-organization chart for EBM technology;
Each digital implication in accompanying drawing:
1-electron gun; 2-electronic beam current; 3-focus coil; 4-deflection coil; 5-Pu Fen mechanism; 6-alloy powder; 7-turbo blade;
8-forming board; 9-former; 10-sedimentary deposit; 11-molten bath; The pre-hot path of 12-; 13-melts path.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf (at.%, atomic percent) supertherm turbo blade is prepared fast.
1. first utilize CAD 3D graphics software (as Magics etc.) to set up Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf alloy turbineThe D S TL file of blade (7); Then utilize delamination software (as EBMassembler etc.) to stl file in short transverseOn carry out hierarchy slicing processing, be evenly divided into the section that thickness is 0.05mm, section comprise blade (7) cross section informationWith scanning machining path; Utilize delamination software that section is saved as to ABF file, and import electron beam constituency quickly shaping device (9)In;
2. by argon gas atomization size, the Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf powder (6) between 50～150 μ m packs Pu Fen mechanism (5) intoIn. Equipment (9) is evacuated to 10-3～10-2After Pa, electron gun (1) is launched electronic beam current (2), and in focus coil (3)And under the effect of deflection coil (4), according to the pre-hot path of Z-shaped (13), Ti6Al4V forming board (8) is carried out to preheating,Pre-thermal parameter is: sweep speed 12000mm/s, and line is 40mA, sweep span is 0.2mm.
3. preheating forming board (8) is after 1000 DEG C, and Pu Fen mechanism (5) is 0.05mm at forming board (8) layer overlay thicknessNb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf powder (6);
4., after one deck paving powder completes, electron gun (1) is launched electronic beam current (2), and in focus coil (3) and deflection wireUnder the effect of circle (4), according to the pre-hot path of Z-shaped (13), all powder (6) is carried out to preheating; Pre-thermal parameter is: preheating6 times, sweep speed 6000mm/s, line 30mA, sweep span is 0.2mm;
5. preheating powder (6) is after 1000 DEG C, and melt in the fusing path (14) that electronic beam current (2) stream is specified according to current layerNb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf alloy powder (6). Melting characteristic parameter is: melt sweep speed 500mm/s, fusing 1 timeElectric current is 10mA, sweep span 0.1mm. Local alloy powder (6) fusing that electronic beam current (2) scans forms molten bath (11)And solidify rapidly deposition along with leaving of electronic beam current (2) and obtain sedimentary deposit (10); After completing an aspect processing, becomeShape substrate (8) is mobile 0.05mm (thickness of a powder bed) vertically downward;
6. Pu Fen mechanism (5) is the NbSi base alloy powder (6) that 0.05mm is new at the upper layer overlay thickness of sedimentary deposit (10),Repeating step 4-5. Pile up so layer by layer, until complete the processing of turbo blade (7);
7. after turbo blade (7) has been manufactured, pour argon gas quickening to shaped region cooling, to turbo blade (7) temperatureWhile being down to 100 DEG C, taking-up air cooling are to room temperature.
Can be found out by accompanying drawing 5, utilize electron beam constituency RP technique (EBM) can prepare the turbine with labyrinthBlade, blade shaping density (> 99%) and precision higher, surface roughness is about Ra25; Powder smelting sintering is abundant,Interlayer is in conjunction with good, and blade surface does not have pore and not molten powder to occur.
Can be drawn by accompanying drawing 6, the tissue of electron beam selective melting Quick-forming Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf turbo blade is mainFor NbSSSolid solution and Nb5Si3Two-phase.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the micro-organization chart of electron beam constituency Quick-forming Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf blade, wherein light phaseFor NbSS, dark color is Nb mutually5Si3. Draw shaping blade dense structure by figure, have the circular pore of the minimum rule of a small amount of size(m), interlayer, in conjunction with good, does not have not molten alloy powder to size < 1 μ; Nb in bladeSSSolid solution and Nb5Si3Two-phase veryTiny, reach nanoscale, and two-phase is evenly distributed, these tissue signatures are conducive to improve the combination property of blade.
In the present invention, in the process of electron beam selective melting turbine blades, blade matrix remains higher temperature, hasHelp the homogenization of structure property, in the different position of blade, tissue signature is basically identical.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limits the invention, according to technical spirit of the present inventionThe NbSi alloying component that above-mentioned example is done, the simple modification of preparation parameter, still belong to technical scheme protection domain of the present inventionWithin.
Claims (14)
1. a fast preparation method for NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade, is characterized in that, utilizes electron beam selective melting RP technique to prepare turbo blade, and preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1). set up the three-dimensional CAD model of turbo blade to be processed, then in short transverse, it is carried out to hierarchy slicing processing to be divided into the section of even thickness, cross-sectional profiles information and machining path that section comprises turbo blade, and will cut into slices in the quickly shaping device of file importing electron beam constituency, described slice thickness is 0.05～0.1mm;
(2). in the quickly shaping device of electron beam constituency, pack NbSi alloy powder into, and Ti6Al4V forming board is positioned in the forming cavity of electron beam constituency quickly shaping device on liftable platform, and forming cavity is vacuumized;
(3). utilize electron beam, according to the pre-hot path of design in advance, forming board is carried out to preheating, after preheating completes, powder-scraping device is evenly laid one deck NbSi alloy powder on substrate, powder thickness equates with slice thickness in step (1), selected NbSi alloy powder is prepared by Powder In Argon Atomization and is obtained, spherical in shape or subsphaeroidal, diameter is 50～150 μ m;
(4). utilize electron beam, according to the pre-hot path of design in advance, all powder on substrate is carried out to preheating;
(5). powder is preheated to after assigned temperature, electronic beam current is according to the alloy powder of the fusing appointed area, fusing path of designing in advance, and the local alloy powder fusing that electronic beam current scans forms molten bath and also deposits and obtain sedimentary deposit rapidly along with leaving of electronic beam current;
(6). in completing steps (5), to after the processing of an aspect, the distance of a bed thickness of forming board decline, evenly lays one deck NbSi alloy powder on the sedimentary deposit that powder-scraping device forms in step (5) again;
(7). repeat above-mentioned steps (4)-(6), until NbSi supertherm blade processing completes; After machining, pour refrigerating gas to forming cavity, accelerate the cooling of turbo blade, while being down to below 100 DEG C to the temperature of turbo blade, take out and be cooled to room temperature.
2. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described NbSi alloy powder composition is counted Nb-18Si-24Ti-2Cr-2Al-2Hf with atomic percent.
3. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, can directly prepare complex-shaped turbo blade, the turbo blade density that cool to room temperature obtains > 99%, surface accuracy is higher, forming defects is few, and Main Tissues is by NbssSolid solution and Nb5Si3Hardening constituent composition, phase size < 1 μ m and being evenly distributed.
4. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Ti6Al4V forming board thickness is 10mm.
5. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the beam voltage of described electron beam constituency quickly shaping device maintains 60kV.
6. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vacuum vacuumizing in step (2) in postforming chamber is 10-3Pa～10-2Pa。
7. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the preheat temperature of substrate is 900～1100 DEG C.
8. according to the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the pre-thermal parameter of substrate is: beam scan velocity is 12000mm/s, electronic beam current is 40mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm.
9. the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), the preheat temperature of powder is identical with substrate, is 900～1100 DEG C.
10. according to the fast preparation method of a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blade described in claim 1 or 9, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the pre-thermal parameter of powder is: preheating 6～10 times, beam scan velocity is 6000mm/s～8000mm/s, electronic beam current is 30～40mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm.
The fast preparation method of 11. a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blades according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the NbSi alloy powder thickness of evenly laying on substrate is 0.05～0.1mm.
The fast preparation method of 12. a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blades according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), powder smelting parameter: melt 1 time, beam scan velocity is 400～600mm/s, fusion current is 8～12mA, sweep span 0.05～0.2mm.
The fast preparation method of 13. a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blades according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (6), then the NbSi alloy powder thickness of evenly laying is 0.05～0.1mm.
The fast preparation method of 14. a kind of NbSi based ultra-high temperature alloy turbine blades according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (7), described refrigerating gas is argon gas.
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| CN102764889A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-11-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method |
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