CN110411722A - A kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device - Google Patents
A kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110411722A CN110411722A CN201910684319.3A CN201910684319A CN110411722A CN 110411722 A CN110411722 A CN 110411722A CN 201910684319 A CN201910684319 A CN 201910684319A CN 110411722 A CN110411722 A CN 110411722A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The application belongs to static and fatigue test technical field, in particular to a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device.Structural static and fatigue experimental device, comprising: flexible constraint fixation kit, for testpieces to be fixed；Axial load charging assembly, for carrying out load load to testpieces along the vertical direction；Transverse load charging assembly, for carrying out load load to testpieces in the horizontal direction.Bearing structure as support and constraint is designed as lateral flexibility, the structure of axial stiffness using internal force bearing mode by the structural static and fatigue experimental device of the application, while realizing axial load load, guarantees that structure horizontally has biggish flexibility；In addition, as pneumatic and centrifugal force load increases adaptive deflection can occur for the direction of centrifugal force, guarantee the precision of centrifugal force loading direction；Further, experimental rig has many advantages, such as that loading velocity is fast, the test period is short, equipment volume is small, loading accuracy is high compared to traditional approach.
Description
Technical field
The application belongs to static and fatigue test technical field, in particular to a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device.
Background technique
In structural static fatigue test, often there is the case where a variety of load are applied to a structural member, it is especially right
In centrifugal force and aerodynamic loading that the structures such as propeller pulp hub, blade, engine blade are born.Identical problem is, is tied
The limitation of structure static and fatigue test device cannot simulate blade class formation with the increase of centrifugal force and aerodynamic loading, blade matter
The centrifugal force direction-adaptive deflection that heart offset generates.In addition, the experiment loading unit of two kinds of load of centrifugal force and aerodynamic loading
Mutual interference is an important factor for influencing aerodynamic loading loading accuracy.Main cause be centrifugal force with respect to aerodynamic loading compared with
Greatly, it will receive centrifugal force load when applying aerodynamic loading in the influence of aerodynamic loading durection component, lead to aerodynamic loading error
Larger, this is also the frequently problem when applying this kind of load, and common solution is applied using flexible long wirerope
Add centrifugal force load, minimizes the influence of centrifugal force component.This mode brings the drawbacks of two aspects: a) soft due to using
Property long wirerope, the actuator pistons throw of lever is elongated, test loading velocity be significantly reduced so that the test period significantly increases
Add；B) due to the presence of long wirerope, equipment volume becomes huge.
During the work time, centrifugal force load, aerodynamic loading and temperature loading are engine blade especially turbo blade
Its Main Load is required to carry out before investment is on active service intensity and service life examination under operating condition.Existing blade loading is applied
The advantages of feeder apparatus generallys use Material Testing Machine, designs the attachment devices such as the fixture being connected with blade, this device is to tie
Structure is simple, convenient for the load in a certain fixed single direction.
However, bearing centrifugal force load and aerodynamic loading and temperature during the work time since blade is polymorphic structure
Load.Certain itself torsion or bending may occur for blade under the action of centrifugal force load, and this requires load to apply
Shi Buneng limits blade in the deformation for reversing and being bent two aspect generations, otherwise will affect the stress distribution of blade.And use material
When expecting that testing machine carries out centrifugal force load, bending and torsion will receive certain limitation, influence its loading accuracy.Another party
Face, due to not being dedicated experimental rig, centrifugal force load can only be applied by existing, and the problem of Simulated Aerodynamic Loads cannot be applied
(ignore aerodynamic loading or be adapted on centrifugal force load), this cannot simulate the bearing load of blade completely, influence
Examination to blade strength life performance.
Summary of the invention
At least one in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, this application provides a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental devices.
This application discloses a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental devices, comprising:
Flexible constraint fixation kit, the flexible constraint fixation kit is for being fixed testpieces；
Axial load charging assembly, the axial load charging assembly add for carrying out load to testpieces along the vertical direction
It carries.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the structural static and fatigue experimental device further include:
Transverse load charging assembly, the transverse load charging assembly add for carrying out load to testpieces in the horizontal direction
It carries.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the flexible constraint fixation kit includes:
Weight tray, the weight tray are fixed on test platform；
Holding seat, the Holding seat are fixed on the weight tray, are used for from bottom end to the testpieces
It is clamped；
Top plate is carried, the flexible carrier bar that the carrying top plate is arranged in juxtaposition along the vertical direction by more is arranged described
At the top of testpieces, wherein the bottom end of the flexibility carrier bar is fixed at the weight tray upper surface, the flexible carrying
The top of bar is connect with the carrying top plate.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the structural static and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that
The bottom end of the flexibility carrier bar is located at the weight tray upper surface by flexible element fixation.
According at least one embodiment of the application, through-hole is offered on the carrying top plate, is passed through in the through-hole
End ring is provided with compatible oscillating bearing, and compatible group section, the group section are provided in the oscillating bearing
Bottom is provided with mounting hole, and the mounting hole that the group section is protruded on the top of the flexibility carrier bar is fixed, wherein
The top of the flexibility carrier bar is provided with external screw thread, by the first nut by the top of the flexible carrier bar with
The mounting hole of the group section is fixed.
According at least one embodiment of the application, through-hole, the flexibility carrier bar are offered on the carrying top plate
Top be provided with external screw thread, pass through it is described carrying top plate through-hole after by be located at upper and lower two sides the second nut consolidated
It is fixed.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the axial load charging assembly includes:
First actuator, first actuator are fixed at the carrying cover top surface, and drive shaft is along axis
Through the carrying top plate；
Clamping piece, the driving axis connection at the top of the clamping piece and first actuator, and be used for from top to institute
Testpieces is stated to be clamped；
First force snesor, the force snesor are arranged in first actuator, connect with first actuator.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the axial load charging assembly further include:
Thrust bearing cover board, the thrust bearing cover board are fixed at the bottom end of the actuator drive shaft；
Thrust bearing support base, the thrust bearing support base are disposed in parallel in the first bolt by more along the vertical direction
It is fixed at the bottom of the thrust bearing cover board, offers through-hole on the thrust bearing support base；
Interconnecting piece, the interconnecting piece is arranged on the thrust bearing support base by self-aligning thrust roller bearing to be led to
Hole location, the interconnecting piece bottom offer mounting hole；
Screw rod, the top of the screw rod are fixed in the mounting hole of the interconnecting piece bottom, and the screw rod is determined
It holds and is fixedly connected at the top of the clamping piece.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the both ends end of the screw rod is provided with external screw thread.
According at least one embodiment of the application, the transverse load charging assembly includes:
One end of second force snesor, second force snesor is fixedly connected with the clamping piece；
Second actuator, the drive shaft of second actuator are fixedly connected with the other end of second force snesor.
At least there are following advantageous effects in the application:
The structural static and fatigue experimental device of the application, using internal force bearing mode, by holding as support and constraint
It carries structure and is designed as lateral flexibility, the structure of axial stiffness, while realizing axial load load, guarantee that structure horizontally has
There is biggish flexibility；In order to, as pneumatic and centrifugal force load increases adaptive deflection can occur for the direction of centrifugal force,
Guarantee the precision of centrifugal force loading direction, and conventional method can only be in a fixed loading direction；Further, experimental rig
Have many advantages, such as that loading velocity is fast, the test period is short, equipment volume is small, loading accuracy is high compared to traditional approach.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the application structural static and fatigue experimental device；
Fig. 2 is A-1 enlarged schematic partial view in Fig. 1 in the application one embodiment；
Fig. 3 is A-2 enlarged schematic partial view in Fig. 1 in another embodiment of the application；
Fig. 4 is B-B cross-sectional view in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the application implementation clearer, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present application
Attached drawing, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, identical from beginning to end or class
As label indicate same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Described embodiment is the application
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, it is intended to use
In explanation the application, and it should not be understood as the limitation to the application.Based on the embodiment in the application, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.Under
Face is described in detail embodiments herein in conjunction with attached drawing.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown is merely for convenience of description the application and simplifies description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as protecting the application
The limitation of range.
In structural static fatigue test, often there is the load of the similar smaller generation of aerodynamic loading relative centrifugal force load
Lotus interference problem, traditional solution presence cannot simulate blade class formation with the increase of centrifugal force and aerodynamic loading, blade
The centrifugal force direction-adaptive deflection that centroid motion generates.Test loading velocity is slow, and the test period is long and equipment volume is huge
The disadvantages of, need to improve such experimental rig.
In addition, existing blade loading application generallys use Material Testing Machine progress, single fixed-direction can only be applied and carried
Lotus, i.e. blade centrifugal force load, ignore using aerodynamic loading as secondary cause or are adapted to centrifugal force load.And aerodynamic loading exists
Root of blade will also result in certain damage, will affect the precision of test result.And blade can not generate centrifugal force direction
Adaptive deflection.
For this purpose, 1- Fig. 4 is to the application with reference to the accompanying drawing this application discloses a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device
Structural static and fatigue experimental device be further described.
Structural static and fatigue experimental device disclosed in the present application may include flexible constraint fixation kit and axial load
Lotus charging assembly.
Flexible constraint fixation kit is for being fixed testpieces 15；Axial load charging assembly is for along the vertical direction
Load load is carried out to testpieces 15.
Further, the structural static Yu fatigue experimental device of the application can also include transverse load charging assembly；It is horizontal
To load charging assembly for carrying out load load to testpieces 15 in the horizontal direction.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, flexible constraint fixation kit may include weight tray 19, Holding seat 17 and hold
Carry top plate 7.
Weight tray 19, which is bolted, to be arranged on test platform 22；Holding seat 17 is fixed by the second bolt 18
It is arranged on weight tray 19, for being clamped from bottom end to testpieces 15.
Carrying top plate 7 is by the more flexible carrier bar 16 being arranged in juxtaposition along the vertical direction settings at 15 top of testpieces；
Wherein, the bottom end of flexible carrier bar 16 is fixed at 19 upper surface of weight tray, the top of flexible carrier bar 16 and load-supporting roof
Plate 7 connects.The quantity of the present embodiment, preferably flexible carrier bar 16 is 3, along the circumferentially distributed of circular weight tray 19.
Further, it is preferable to which the bottom end of flexible carrier bar 16 is located at 19 upper surface of weight tray by the fixation of flexible element 21.
Further, it can be a variety of suitable modes that the top of flexible carrier bar 16 is connect with carrying top plate 7.Such as Fig. 2
It is shown, in one embodiment, through-hole is offered on carrying top plate 7, is provided in through-hole by end ring 5 compatible
Oscillating bearing 4 is provided with compatible group section 3 in oscillating bearing 4, and 3 bottom of group section is provided with mounting hole, wherein flexible
The mounting hole that group section 3 is protruded on the top of carrier bar 16 is fixed；Further, wherein set on the top of flexible carrier bar 16
It is equipped with external screw thread, the mounting hole on the top of flexible carrier bar 16 and group section 3 is fixed by the first nut 6.
As shown in figure 3, in another embodiment, offering through-hole, the top of flexible carrier bar 16 on carrying top plate 7
It is provided with external screw thread, is fixed after passing through the through-hole of carrying top plate 7 by being located at the second nut 20 of upper and lower two sides.
To sum up, the function of the application flexible constraint fixation kit are as follows: can not only a) undertake testpieces 15 axial load (from
Mental and physical efforts load), b) due to the flexible structure carrying using flexible element 21 and the flexible composition of carrier bar 16, with lesser bending
Rigidity is right due to lesser bending stiffness when carrying top plate to testpieces progress transverse load (aerodynamic loading) load
The influence of transverse load can be ignored, to realize the weakening significantly interfered load between centrifugal force and aerodynamic loading, make
Control must be influenced each other in allowable range of error.In addition, the direction of centrifugal force can increase with pneumatic and centrifugal force load
And adaptive deflection occurs, guarantee the precision of loading direction.
Further, in the structural static and fatigue experimental device of the application, axial load charging assembly may include
One actuator 2, clamping piece 14 and the first force snesor 1.
First actuator 2, first actuator 2 are fixed at carrying 7 upper surface of top plate, and drive shaft is passed through along axis
Wear carrying top plate 7；The driving axis connection at the top of clamping piece 14 and the first actuator 2, and for from top to testpieces 15 into
Row clamping；First force snesor 1 is arranged in the first actuator 2, connect with the first actuator 2, is carried out by the first actuator 2
Axial load load, and the first force snesor 1 feeds back loaded load value.
Further, axial load charging assembly can also include thrust bearing cover board 8, it is thrust bearing support base 12, interior
Connector 10 and screw rod 13.
Thrust bearing cover board 8 is fixed at the bottom end of 2 drive shaft of actuator；Thrust bearing support base 12 passes through more edges
Vertical direction is disposed in parallel in the bottom that the first bolt 9 is fixed at thrust bearing cover board 8, opens on thrust bearing support base 12
Equipped with through-hole.
Interconnecting piece 10 is arranged on thrust bearing support base 12 at lead to the hole site by self-aligning thrust roller bearing 11, interior
10 bottom of connector offers mounting hole；The top of screw rod 13 is fixed in the mounting hole of 10 bottom of interconnecting piece, screw rod
13 fixed end is fixedly connected with the top of clamping piece 14.Wherein, the both ends end of preferably screw rod 13 is provided with external screw thread, passes through
Compatible nut and thrust bearing support base 12 and clamping piece 14 are fixed.
Wherein, self-aligning thrust roller bearing 11 allows testpieces to generate torsion, to reduce axial load charging assembly pair
The influence of the FREE TORSION deformation of testpieces, the stress of more preferable simulation test piece.In addition thrust force aligning bearing 11 can be with
Suitable aligning rotation is carried out when testpieces is generated bending deformation by transverse load, further decreases axial stiffness connection to cross
Influence to load.
Further, in the structural static and fatigue experimental device of the application, transverse load charging assembly may include
Two actuator 24 and the second force snesor 23.
One end of second force snesor 23 is fixedly connected by the screw rod of adaptation with clamping piece 14；The drive of second actuator 24
Moving axis is fixedly connected with the other end of the second force snesor 23.
In conclusion the application interferes situation to provide a kind of experimental rig for the load in structural static and fatigue test
Solution, centrifugation force adaptive deflection can not be generated by solving conventional method, and loading velocity is slow, and the period is long, and equipment is huge etc. asks
Topic.A kind of load loading scheme is provided for the intensity life assessment test of propeller, blade class testpieces.
Further, in order to allow bogey to have preferable lateral flexibility (biggish lateral flexibility), this test is used
The composite structure of flexible carrier bar and flexible element, this just needs to consider the compression bar bearing stability problem of flexible structure.It is designing
When experimental rig, the axial load value that applies as needed is determined if it is F with strut stability requirement.Stability control
Method considers 2 aspects: a) flexible carrier bar stability；B) flexible element stability.
Critical Load of Compressed Bars is calculated using Euler's formula:
Wherein I is section least moment of inertia, for rectangular section: I=ab3/ 12, for circular cross-section I=π d4/ 64, l are
The length of flexible element or flexible link, a, b are the width and thickness of flexible element, and d is the diameter of flexible link.What this experimental rig used
Support rod and flexible element can be no more than the critical load of flexible carrier bar or flexible element, their minimum value be taken, by being safely
Number n is determining, i.e. F=Fcr/ n, n desirable 1.2~1.5.
More than, size a, b of the flexible element met the requirements and the size d of flexible link can be chosen by formula (1).
In conclusion the application interferes situation to provide a kind of experimental rig for the load in structural static and fatigue test
Solution, centrifugation force adaptive deflection can not be generated by solving conventional method, and loading velocity is slow, and the period is long, and equipment is huge etc. asks
Topic.A kind of load loading scheme is provided for the intensity life assessment test of propeller, blade class testpieces.
Further, the structural static and fatigue experimental device of the application will be as support peace treaty using internal force bearing mode
The bearing structure of beam is designed as lateral flexibility, the structure of axial stiffness, while realizing axial load load, guarantees structure in cross
There is biggish flexibility upwards；In order to which the direction of centrifugal force can occur adaptive as pneumatic and centrifugal force load increases
Deflection, guarantee the precision of centrifugal force loading direction, and conventional method can only be in a fixed loading direction；Further,
Experimental rig has many advantages, such as that loading velocity is fast, the test period is short, equipment volume is small, loading accuracy is high compared to traditional approach.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, it is any
Within the technical scope of the present application, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those familiar with the art, all answers
Cover within the scope of protection of this application.Therefore, the protection scope of the application should be with the scope of protection of the claims
It is quasi-.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of structural static and fatigue experimental device characterized by comprising
Flexible constraint fixation kit, the flexible constraint fixation kit is for being fixed testpieces (15)；
Axial load charging assembly, the axial load charging assembly add for carrying out load to testpieces (15) along the vertical direction
It carries.
2. structural static according to claim 1 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that further include:
Transverse load charging assembly, the transverse load charging assembly add for carrying out load to testpieces (15) in the horizontal direction
It carries.
3. structural static according to claim 2 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the fixed group of the flexible constraint
Part includes:
Weight tray (19), the weight tray (19) are fixed on test platform (22)；
Holding seat (17), the Holding seat (17) are fixed on the weight tray (19), are used for from bottom end to institute
Testpieces (15) is stated to be clamped；
It carries top plate (7), carrying top plate (7) passes through the more flexible carrier bar (16) being arranged in juxtaposition along the vertical direction settings
At the top of the testpieces (15), wherein the bottom end fixation of the flexibility carrier bar (16) is located on the weight tray (19)
The top on surface, the flexibility carrier bar (16) is connect with the carrying top plate (7).
4. structural static according to claim 3 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the flexibility carrier bar (16)
Bottom end be fixed at the weight tray (19) upper surface by flexible element (21).
5. structural static according to claim 3 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that on the carrying top plate (7)
Through-hole is offered, passes through end ring (5) in the through-hole and is provided with compatible oscillating bearing (4), the oscillating bearing (4)
It is inside provided with compatible group section (3), group section (3) bottom is provided with mounting hole, the flexibility carrier bar (16)
The mounting hole that the group section (3) is protruded on top is fixed, wherein
The top of the flexibility carrier bar (16) is provided with external screw thread, by the first nut (6) by the flexible carrier bar (16)
Top and the mounting hole of the group section (3) be fixed.
6. structural static according to claim 3 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that on the carrying top plate (7)
Through-hole is offered, the top of the flexibility carrier bar (16) is provided with external screw thread, after the through-hole for passing through carrying top plate (7)
The second nut (20) by being located at upper and lower two sides is fixed.
7. structural static according to claim 3 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the axial load load group
Part includes:
First actuator (2), first actuator (2) are fixed at carrying top plate (7) upper surface, drive shaft edge
Axis runs through the carrying top plate (7)；
Clamping piece (14), the driving axis connection at the top of the clamping piece (14) and first actuator (2), and be used for from top
End clamps the testpieces (15)；
First force snesor (1), the force snesor (1) is arranged on first actuator (2), with first actuator
(2) it connects.
8. structural static according to claim 7 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the axial load load group
Part further include:
Thrust bearing cover board (8), the thrust bearing cover board (8) are fixed at the bottom end of the actuator (2) drive shaft；
Thrust bearing support base (12), the thrust bearing support base (12) are disposed in parallel in first by more along the vertical direction
Bolt (9) is fixed at the bottom of the thrust bearing cover board (8), offers on the thrust bearing support base (12) logical
Hole；
Interconnecting piece (10), the interconnecting piece (10) are arranged by self-aligning thrust roller bearing (11) in the thrust bearing branch
It supports on seat (12) at lead to the hole site, interconnecting piece (10) bottom offers mounting hole；
The top of screw rod (13), the screw rod (13) is fixed in the mounting hole of the interconnecting piece (10) bottom, described
It is fixedly connected at the top of the fixed end of screw rod (13) and the clamping piece (14).
9. structural static according to claim 8 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the both ends of the screw rod (13)
End is provided with external screw thread.
10. structural static according to claim 7 and fatigue experimental device, which is characterized in that the transverse load load
Component includes:
One end of second force snesor (23), second force snesor (23) is fixedly connected with the clamping piece (14)；
The other end of second actuator (24), the drive shaft of second actuator (24) and second force snesor (23) is solid
Fixed connection.
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| CN201910684319.3A CN110411722B (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Structural static force and fatigue test device |
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| CN201910684319.3A CN110411722B (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Structural static force and fatigue test device |
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| CN111649926A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Axial and vibration high-low cycle composite fatigue test device |
| CN111811762A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-23 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Blade fatigue test fixture |
| CN112880993A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Loading device and method for static force and fatigue test load of main shaft of aircraft engine |
| CN113109170A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Composite material long beam strength test device |
| CN113405791A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-17 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Fatigue test device for elastic support of aero-engine |
| CN114659775A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Static strength test method and stretching device for rotary structural member of aircraft engine |
| CN114771872A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-07-22 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Static load loading system and method in high-temperature thermal strength test for aerospace plane test |
| CN114964775A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Fatigue test device for pivot bearing of aero-engine case |
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