CN113109170A - Composite material long beam strength test device - Google Patents
Composite material long beam strength test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109170A CN113109170A CN202110423825.4A CN202110423825A CN113109170A CN 113109170 A CN113109170 A CN 113109170A CN 202110423825 A CN202110423825 A CN 202110423825A CN 113109170 A CN113109170 A CN 113109170A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material tests, and particularly relates to a composite material long beam strength test device. The device comprises a long beam fixing device (1), a loading device (2), an actuator fixing device (3), a long beam lateral restraining device (4) and a supporting frame (5). By the aid of the device, the clamping ends at two ends of the test piece can uniformly bear loads, and the phenomenon that the long beam is bent and deformed greatly after being loaded to influence test loading is avoided, so that the test loading direction is ensured, and the accuracy of test results is improved; the diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is vertical to the test piece, and the uniform stress of the test piece is ensured; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and direction accuracy of the applied load is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material tests, and particularly relates to a composite material long beam strength test device.
Background
With the continuous development of helicopter models at home and abroad, medium and small helicopters are gradually developed into large helicopters, a large amount of metal materials are used to the present light-weight high-strength composite materials are used on the helicopters in a large amount, the weight of the helicopters is reduced while the strength is ensured, and frames and beams are the most main components of a body bearing load.
The helicopter middle fuselage girder adopts an RTM process, and a strength touch test is carried out on the fuselage girder test piece long girder, so that strength test data of an RTM process piece are obtained, and a basis is provided for subsequent detailed design. The long beam 6 of the test piece is manufactured by selecting a fiber layout design of advanced composite materials, and is solidified by adopting an RTM processing technology to form the long beam, and the structure of the RTM composite material long beam is shown in figure 2 and comprises a web 6a, an upper flange 6b, a lower flange 6c and a reinforcing rib 6 d. According to the strength touch test requirement of the long beam of the test piece of the machine body beam, the test piece long beam 6 is horizontally placed, two ends of the test piece long beam are clamped and kept extending freely, three uniformly distributed loads are applied to the middle section, and meanwhile, the left side and the right side of the center position of the test piece are restrained to move in the front-back direction of the lateral displacement of the test piece.
At present, no RTM process composite material long beam strength test device exists in China, the test requirements cannot be met, and relevant technical publications at home and abroad are not searched.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the device for the composite material long beam strength test is provided to meet the requirement of the composite material long beam strength test.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the composite material long beam strength test device is used for testing the strength of a test piece long beam 6 and is characterized by comprising a long beam fixing device 1, a loading device 2, an actuator fixing device 3, a long beam lateral restraining device 4 and a supporting frame 5;
the long beam fixing device 1 comprises a long beam left fixing device 11 and a long beam right fixing device 12 which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, and the long beam left fixing device and the long beam right fixing device are respectively symmetrically arranged at the inner upper part of the supporting frame 5 and are horizontally and movably connected with two ends of the long beam 6 of the test piece, so that the two ends of the long beam 6 of the test piece can relatively slide along the extension direction;
the actuator fixing device 3 is positioned under the long beam 6 of the test piece, and two ends of the actuator fixing device are connected with the supporting frame 5 and used for vertically fixing the actuator so as to ensure that the long beam 6 of the test piece and the actuator are positioned in the same vertical plane; the lower part of the actuator is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the inner part of the support frame 5, and the loading device 2 is mounted at the top end of the actuator, is in contact with the lower surface of the long beam 6 of the test piece and is used for loading the long beam 6 of the test piece upwards;
the long beam lateral restraining device 4 comprises a long beam left lateral restraining device 41 and a long beam right lateral restraining device 42 which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, the long beam left lateral restraining device and the long beam right lateral restraining device are located right above the long beam 6 of the test piece, the upper end of the long beam is connected with the upper end face inside the supporting frame 5, the lower end of the long beam is provided with a restraining groove, and the long beam 6 of the test piece is arranged in the restraining groove and used for restraining the swing of the long beam 6 of the test piece in.
In one possible embodiment, each of the long beam left fixing device 11 and the long beam right fixing device 12 comprises a single-lug upper joint 1a, a connecting bolt 1b, a double-lug lower joint 1c and a test piece clamping frame 1 d;
the upper end of the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected with the supporting frame 5; the test piece long beam test device is characterized in that clamping sections at two ends of the test piece long beam 6 are arranged in the test piece clamping frame 1d, the lower portion of the double-lug lower joint 1c is connected with the test piece clamping frame 1d through bolts, the test piece long beam 6 is fixed in the test piece clamping frame 1d, long waist-shaped holes are symmetrically formed in double-lug pieces at the upper portion of the double-lug lower joint 1c, a single lug of the single-lug upper joint 1a is arranged between the double-lug pieces of the double-lug lower joint 1c, threaded holes are formed in the single lug, and the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected with the double-lug lower joint 1c through a connecting bolt.
In one possible embodiment, gaps exist between two ends of the long test piece beam 6 and the test piece clamping frame 1d, so that the long test piece beam 6 can move along the spanwise direction of the long beam, and the other directions are restrained by the test piece clamping frame 1 d.
In one possible embodiment, the long waist-shaped hole formed on the double-lug lower joint 1c is in clearance fit with the connecting bolt 1b, and the clearance is less than 0.2 mm. The purpose that the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected and designed into a long waist-shaped hole is as follows: after three equipartition load is applyed in 6 middle sections of test piece long beam, waist shape slot hole translation can be followed in test piece length direction in the time of test piece length direction can be rotatory around the connecting bolt 1b of both ends exposed core to the test piece long beam 6, enables test piece both ends exposed core and evenly bears the load, avoids the long beam to bend the deformation great after the loading simultaneously, influences experimental loading, guarantees experimental loading direction, has improved the accuracy of test result.
In a possible embodiment, the loading device 2 comprises a loading joint 2a, a connecting bolt 2b, a loading roller 2 c;
In one possible embodiment, the loading actuator fixing device 3 includes a hoop 3a, a clamping plate 3b, a long screw rod 3c, a nut 3d, an actuator fixing beam 3f and a fixing seat 3 g;
the actuator fixing cross beam 3f comprises two channel steels which are symmetrically arranged front and back, and two ends of each channel steel are respectively connected with two ends inside the supporting frame 5; the fixing seat 3g is fixed on the plant floor, the lower end of the actuator is connected with the fixing seat 3g, the cylinder of the actuator is arranged in the clamp 3a, the clamp 3a is connected with a clamp plate 3b, two holes are formed in two ends of the clamp plate 3b, a long screw 3c is respectively arranged in each hole, two ends of the long screw 3c are respectively in threaded connection with a fixing cross beam 3f of the actuator, and the nut 3d is sleeved on the long screw 3c and is used for positioning by screwing the nut 3d after the actuator is installed in place; the actuator is finely adjusted in the front-back direction through the device, so that the position and the direction of the applied load are ensured.
In one possible embodiment, the number of the actuators is at least 3, and the actuators are uniformly arranged on the loading section of the test piece long beam 6; the loading actuator fixing device 3 further comprises elastic thread sleeves 3e, the elastic thread sleeves 3e are located between adjacent actuators, two ends of each elastic thread sleeve are respectively sleeved on the long screw rods 3c corresponding to the actuators on the two sides, and the multiple actuators are located on the same vertical plane.
In one possible embodiment, each of the long beam left lateral restraint device 41 and the long beam right lateral restraint device 42 comprises a connecting bolt 4a, a bracket 4b, and a restraint slot 4 c;
the bottom plate of the support 4b is connected with the upper end face in the support frame 5 through a bolt 4a, and the test piece long beam 6 is placed in the restraining groove 4 c.
In a possible embodiment, the two sides of the loading roller 2c of the loading device 2 are provided with arc edges, so that the test piece is prevented from being damaged in advance due to stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading.
In one possible embodiment, the actuator fixing device 3 is located a distance 1/3 from the actuator loading end.
The invention has the advantages that: by the aid of the device, the clamping ends at two ends of the test piece can uniformly bear loads, and the phenomenon that the long beam is bent and deformed greatly after being loaded to influence test loading is avoided, so that the test loading direction is ensured, and the accuracy of test results is improved; the diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is vertical to the test piece, and the uniform stress of the test piece is ensured; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and direction accuracy of the applied load is guaranteed.
The invention can meet the requirement of long beam test of composite material in RTM process and has high test precision. The load can be effectively loaded, and is uniformly loaded, so that the phenomenon of early damage is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a long beam 6 of a test piece of the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the device for testing the strength of the composite material long beam
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the long beam fixing device 1 of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the loading device 2 of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of an actuator fixing device 3 according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the long beam side restraint device 4 of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the long beam side restraint 4 of the present invention
Wherein:
1-a long beam fixing device, 11-a long beam left fixing device, 12-a long beam right fixing device, 1 a-a single lug upper joint, 1 b-a connecting bolt, 1 c-a double lug lower joint and 1 d-a test piece clamping frame; 2-a loading device for loading the materials,
2 a-loading joint, 2 b-connecting bolt, 2 c-loading roller; 3-an actuator fixing device, 3 a-a hoop, 3 b-a clamping plate, 3 c-a long screw, 3 d-a nut, 3 e-an elastic thread sleeve, 3 f-an actuator fixing long beam and 3 g-a fixing seat; 4-long beam restraint device, 41-long beam left lateral restraint bracket, 42-long beam right lateral restraint bracket, 4 a-connecting bolt, 4 b-bracket and 4 c-test piece restraint surface; 5-a support frame; 6-test piece long beam, 6 a-web, 6 b-upper flange, 6 c-lower flange, 6 d-stiffener
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the strength testing device for the composite long beam is characterized by comprising a fixing device 1, a loading device 2, an actuator fixing device 3, a test piece lateral restraining device 4 and a supporting frame 5. The device comprises two sets of fixing devices, three sets of loading devices, three sets of actuator fixing devices and two sets of long beam lateral restraining devices.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixing device 1 is composed of a single-lug upper joint 1a, a connecting bolt 1b, a double-lug lower joint 1c and a test piece clamping frame 1 d.
The long beam fixing devices 1 are provided with two sets, namely a long beam left fixing device 11 and a long beam right fixing device 12 which are bilaterally symmetrical with the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, are used for horizontally fixing two ends of the long beam of the composite material to be tested and are respectively and symmetrically arranged on the inner upper part of the supporting frame 5; when the long beam is tested, one end of a test piece is clamped by the long beam left fixing device 11 and the long beam right fixing device 12 respectively. The specific implementation is as follows: during test piece centre gripping frame 1d was put into to test piece one end 200mm centre gripping section, it is that ears lower clutch 1c passes through 6 bolts to fix the test piece in the centre gripping frame to the higher authority, the clearance is not more than 0.2mm between test piece and the test piece centre gripping frame 1d, it is portable to length direction to ensure the test piece at the long roof beam exhibition, other two directions are through the restraint of test piece centre gripping frame 1d, ears lower clutch 1c upper portion has a waist type hole, be connected with monaural top connection 1a through connecting bolt 1b, monaural top connection 1a has been connected to on the braced frame 5. Its characterized in that ears lower clutch 1c is connected with monaural top connection 1a and is designed for waist shape slot hole, and waist shape slot hole and connecting bolt 1b are clearance fit, and the clearance is less than 0.2mm, and monaural top connection 1a connects the aim at that the design is waist shape slot hole: after three evenly distributed loads are applied to the middle section of the test piece, the two ends of the test piece can rotate around the bolts of the clamping ends at the two ends and can translate slightly in the length direction of the test piece.
Three uniform loads are applied to the required positions of a test piece, and three identical sets of loading devices 2 and actuator fixing devices 3 are designed in the RTM process composite material long beam test.
Referring to fig. 4, the loading devices 2 are respectively composed of loading joints 2a, connecting bolts 2b, and loading rollers 2 c. The loading device 2 is arranged at the top end of a piston rod of the actuator and right below the test piece. As shown in fig. 6, the loading joint 2a is connected to the top end of the piston rod of the actuator through an internal thread, the joint is designed into a double-fork lug form, a loading roller 2c is fixed on the double-fork lug of the loading joint 2a through a connecting bolt 2b, the width of the loading roller 2c is slightly larger than the width 6mm of the test piece, the roller is ensured to be completely contacted with the lower flange 6c of the beam during test loading, and the two sides of the roller are circular arc edges with the radius of R being 2mm, so that stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading is avoided, the test piece is damaged in advance, the diameter of the roller is designed to be 80mm according to the predicted deformation of the test piece by the loading roller 2c, after the test loading, the long beam 6 of the test piece is contacted with the roller by a small segment of arc surface, so that the loading direction is ensured to be kept vertical to the test piece, the stress of the test piece is ensured to be uniform, the protection to the test piece is increased, and 2mm of thin plastic rubber is adhered to a loading area, in which the lower surface of the test piece is contacted with the 3 loading rollers 2c, on the surface of the test piece.
Referring to fig. 5, in the long beam test, the actuator is loaded, and the loading is carried out by applying the outward extending piston rod to the lower surface of the test piece, so that the actuator needs to be fixed, and the position and the direction of the load applied by the actuator need to be accurately ensured, and an actuator fixing device 3 is designed. The loading actuator fixing device 3 is composed of a hoop 3a, a clamping plate 3b, a long screw rod 3c, a nut 3d, an elastic thread insert 3e, an actuator fixing beam 3f and a fixing seat 3 g. One end of an actuator is fixed on a fixed seat 3g on the factory building ground, the other end of the actuator is connected with the loading device 2, the actuator fixing device 3 is designed at a position which is far away from the loading end 1/3 of the actuator, an actuator cylinder body is placed in a clamp 3a, two holes are respectively processed on two clamp plates 3b at two sides of the clamp 3a, each long screw rod 3c is arranged, the actuator is positioned and screwed through a nut on the long screw rod 3c after being installed in place, two ends of each long screw rod are connected on two actuator fixing cross beams 3f, fine adjustment in the front-back direction of the actuator can be realized through the device, fine adjustment in the left-right direction can be realized through long waist-shaped holes at two sides of the actuator fixing cross beam 3f, 3 actuators for applying load are fixed through the device, the loading axes of the actuator are vertical to, the position and direction of the applied load is ensured by the device.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the lateral restraining device 4 for the test piece is composed of 2 lateral restraining brackets, a left lateral restraining bracket 41 for the long beam, a right lateral restraining bracket 42 for the long beam, a connecting bolt 4a and two adjustable cross beams 4 b. The long beam left side direction restraint support 41 and the long beam right side direction restraint support 42 are connected to two adjustable cross beams 4b through four bolts, the distance between the support and a test piece is finely adjusted through a waist-shaped hole in the restraint support base plate, the restraint part of the test piece is placed in a support test piece restraint face sliding groove 4c, the width of the sliding groove 4c is 80mm, the distance between the test piece and the restraint faces on the two sides is about 3mm, and the long beam left side direction restraint support 41 and the long beam right side direction restraint support 42 are fixed in the front-back direction of the test piece in the left and right 300mm position restraint test piece in the center position.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: during testing, uniform load is applied to the long beam of the RTM test piece at 3 points at the same time, the loading direction is required to be perpendicular to the lower surface of the long beam in the test, and the two ends of the test piece can rotate around bolts at the clamping ends of the two ends and can translate slightly in the length direction of the test piece. The diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is vertical to the test piece, and the uniform stress of the test piece is ensured; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and direction accuracy of the applied load is guaranteed.
Claims (10)
1. The device for testing the strength of the long beam made of the composite material is characterized by being used for testing the strength of a long beam (6) of a test piece and comprising a long beam fixing device (1), a loading device (2), an actuator fixing device (3), a long beam lateral restraining device (4) and a supporting frame (5);
the long beam fixing device (1) comprises a long beam left fixing device (11) and a long beam right fixing device (12) which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam (6) of the test piece, and the long beam left fixing device and the long beam right fixing device are respectively symmetrically arranged at the inner upper part of the supporting frame (5) and are horizontally and movably connected with the two ends of the long beam (6) of the test piece, so that the two ends of the long beam (6) of the test piece can relatively slide along the unfolding direction;
the actuator fixing device (3) is positioned under the long beam (6) of the test piece, and two ends of the actuator fixing device are connected with the supporting frame (5) and used for vertically fixing the actuator so as to ensure that the long beam (6) of the test piece and the actuator are positioned in the same vertical plane; the lower part of the actuator is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the inner part of the supporting frame (5), and the loading device (2) is installed at the top end of the actuator, is in contact with the lower surface of the long beam (6) of the test piece and is used for loading the long beam (6) of the test piece upwards;
the long beam lateral restraint device (4) comprises a long beam left lateral restraint device (41) and a long beam right lateral restraint device (42) which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam (6) of the test piece, the long beam right lateral restraint device is positioned right above the long beam (6) of the test piece, the upper end of the long beam is connected with the upper end face inside the support frame (5), a restraint groove is formed in the lower end of the long beam, and the long beam (6) of the test piece is arranged in the restraint groove and used for restraining the swing of the long beam (6) of the test piece in the front-back direction.
2. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the long beam left fixing device (11) and the long beam right fixing device (12) respectively comprise a single-lug upper joint (1a), a connecting bolt (1b), a double-lug lower joint (1c) and a test piece clamping frame (1 d);
the upper end of the single-lug upper joint (1a) is connected with the supporting frame (5); the test piece long beam (6) is arranged in the test piece clamping frame (1d) at two end clamping sections, the lower portion of the double-lug lower joint (1c) is connected with the test piece clamping frame (1d) through bolts and fixes the test piece long beam (6) in the test piece clamping frame (1d), long waist-shaped holes are symmetrically formed in double-lug pieces on the upper portion of the double-lug lower joint (1c), a single lug of the single-lug upper joint (1a) is arranged between the double-lug pieces of the double-lug lower joint (1c), a threaded hole is formed in the single lug, and the single-lug upper joint (1a) is connected with the double-lug lower joint (1c) through a connecting bolt (1 b).
3. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 2, wherein gaps exist between two ends of the test piece long beam (6) and the test piece clamping frame (1d), so that the test piece long beam (6) is enabled to move along the direction of the extension direction of the long beam, and the other directions are restrained by the test piece clamping frame (1 d).
4. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 2, wherein a long waist-shaped hole formed in the double-lug lower joint (1c) is in clearance fit with the connecting bolt (1b), and the clearance is smaller than 0.2 mm.
5. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the loading device (2) comprises a loading joint (2a), a connecting bolt (2b) and a loading roller (2 c);
the piston rod top at the actuator is installed in loading device (2), loading joint (2a) are through the top of internal thread connection at the piston rod of actuator, and the joint design is two fork ear forms, loading gyro wheel (2c) are fixed between loading joint (2a) two fork ears through connecting bolt (2b), and the width of loading gyro wheel (2c) slightly is greater than the width of test piece long beam (6), and lower flange (6c) surface complete contact of loading gyro wheel (2c) and test piece long beam (6) when guaranteeing experimental loading.
6. The long beam strength test device for composite materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the loading roller (2c) of the loading device (2) is provided with arc edges at two sides, so that the test piece is prevented from being damaged in advance due to stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading.
7. The long beam strength test device for composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the loading actuator fixing device (3) comprises a hoop (3a), a clamping plate (3b), a long screw (3c), a nut (3d), an actuator fixing cross beam (3f) and a fixing seat (3 g);
the actuator fixing cross beam (3f) comprises two channel steels which are symmetrically arranged front and back, and two ends of each channel steel are respectively connected with two ends inside the supporting frame (5); the actuator is characterized in that the fixed seat (3g) is fixed on the ground of a factory building, the lower end of the actuator is connected with the fixed seat (3g), the cylinder of the actuator is arranged in the clamp (3a), the clamp (3a) is connected with the clamp plate (3b), two holes are formed in two ends of the clamp plate (3b), a long screw (3c) is respectively arranged in each hole, two ends of the long screw (3c) are respectively in threaded connection with the fixed crossbeam (3f) of the actuator, and the nut (3d) is sleeved on the long screw (3c) and is positioned by screwing the nut (3d) after the actuator is installed in place; the actuator is finely adjusted in the front-back direction through the device, so that the position and the direction of the applied load are ensured.
8. The composite long beam strength testing device of claim 7, wherein the actuator fixing device (3) is at a distance 1/3 from the actuator loading end.
9. The composite material long beam strength test device is characterized in that the number of the actuators is at least 3, and the actuators are uniformly arranged on the loading section of the test piece long beam (6); the loading actuator fixing device (3) further comprises an elastic thread sleeve (3e), the elastic thread sleeve (3e) is located between adjacent actuators, two ends of the elastic thread sleeve are respectively sleeved on the long screw rods (3c) corresponding to the actuators on the two sides, and the plurality of actuators are located on the same vertical plane.
10. The composite long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the long beam left side restriction device (41) and the long beam right side restriction device (42) comprise a connecting bolt (4a), a bracket (4b) and a restriction groove (4 c);
the bottom plate of the support (4b) is connected with the upper end face in the support frame (5) through a bolt (4a), and the test piece long beam (6) is placed in the restraining groove (4 c).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114056598A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-18 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Upper platform test device for helicopter body |
| CN114441323A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Double-acting-cylinder coordinated loading test bed and coordinated loading test method |
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