CN110367382A - A kind of Silaging method preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation - Google Patents
A kind of Silaging method preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367382A CN110367382A CN201910699620.1A CN201910699620A CN110367382A CN 110367382 A CN110367382 A CN 110367382A CN 201910699620 A CN201910699620 A CN 201910699620A CN 110367382 A CN110367382 A CN 110367382A
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- ensiling
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- lactic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Silaging methods for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, including, prepare additives for ensiling: the additives for ensiling includes lactic acid bacteria, sodium propionate, cane molasses, wherein, one or more of described lactic acid bacteria, including lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus；And ensiling: it will be added in horizental silo after the cutting of complete stool barley, the additives for ensiling, compacting, sealing, fermentation be added.The method of the present invention significantly reduces pH value, saccharomycete and the mould quantity of aerobic exposure period, increase lactic acid, acetic acid content and the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, improve complete stool barley silage quality and aerobic stability, it is possible to reduce open the loss due to caused by secondary fermentation behind cellar.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Sativa Silage Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Silaging method for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation.
Background technique
Ensilage with its fragrant odour, tender succulence and palatability are good the features such as, in the production of animal husbandry increasingly
Mostly applied by raiser.Currently, the roughage of almost all of large, medium and small type cattle farm, mutton sheep place is raised with ensiling
Based on material.Ensiling is that under anaerobic, the lactic acid bacteria by being attached to plant utilizes the soluble carbon hydrate in raw material
Object, fermentation generate organic acid, reduce rapidly pH value, to kill or inhibit the activity of various microorganisms, reach long-term preservation blueness
The purpose of greenfeed material.
Barley is resourceful in China, and with the development of animal husbandry and brewing industry, cultivated area increases year by year, almost spreads
The whole nation is important one of transition silos crop.Blueness cuts the tender succulence of complete stool barley cauline leaf, and fragrant, palatability is good, is easy to
Digestion and vitamin rich in, minerals and protein are high-quality greenfeeds that is full of nutrition and balancing, for guaranteeing grass
The health and high yield of food animal (especially cow, sheep) are of great significance.In recent years, the wheats such as barley forage crop at
For a kind of important ensiling raw material.
But in actual production, it since high temperature, sealing are inadequate with compacting not in time, or takes imappropriate in the process
Management, or wrap up in bag and punctured, aerobic corruption (aerobic rotten), i.e. secondary fermentation can all occur.Secondary fermentation not only increases
The loss of ensilage nutriment is added, the palatability of ensilage can have also been reduced because generating corrupt smell, and then drop
Low breeding performonce fo animals reduce pasture economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiment of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferable implementations
Example.It may do a little simplified or be omitted to avoid our department is made in this section and the description of the application and the title of the invention
Point, the purpose of abstract of description and denomination of invention it is fuzzy, and this simplification or omit and cannot be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In view of above-mentioned technological deficiency, the present invention is proposed.
Therefore, as one aspect of the present invention, the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of anti-
The only Silaging method of complete stool barley secondary fermentation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that one kind prevents complete stool barley secondary fermentation
Silaging method comprising,
Prepare additives for ensiling: the additives for ensiling includes lactic acid bacteria, sodium propionate, cane molasses, wherein the lactic acid
One or more of bacterium, including lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus；And
Ensiling: it will be added in horizental silo after the cutting of complete stool barley, the additives for ensiling, compacting, sealing, fermentation be added.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the ensiling
Additive, wherein the lactic acid bacteria is lactic acid bacteria freeze drying powder, is lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus
Compounding, based on bacterial strain quantity ratio, lactobacillus plantarum: lactobacillus acidophilus: lactobacillus bulgaricus=2:1:1.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the lactic acid
The concentration of bacterium freeze-dried powder is 400~50,000,000,000.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the propionic acid
Sodium is added according to it in the concentration that the quality accounting of the barley is 0.3~0.5%FW.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the sugarcane
Molasses are added according to it in the concentration that the quality accounting of the barley is 0.9~1.2%FW.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the lactic acid
Bacterium, according to 5 × 105Cfu/g barley is added.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: the blueness
Storage, for fermentation time at 60 days or more, temperature was room temperature.
A kind of preferred embodiment as the Silaging method of the present invention for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation: it is described will be complete
Strain barley cutting, including complete stool barley is cut into 1~2cm through cutting machine, it is uniformly mixed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: additives for ensiling formula of the invention: compound bacteria 1+B+T (lactobacillus plantarum, acidophilus cream
Bacillus, lactobacillus bulgaricus 2:1:1 compound, sodium propionate and cane molasses compounding) significantly reduce aerobic exposure period
PH value, saccharomycete and mould quantity increase lactic acid, acetic acid content and the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, improve complete stool barley silage
Quality and aerobic stability, it is possible to reduce open the loss due to caused by secondary fermentation behind cellar.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, right combined with specific embodiments below
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can be with
Implemented using other than the one described here other way, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention
In the case of do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Secondly, " one embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to herein, which refers to, may be included at least one realization side of the invention
A particular feature, structure, or characteristic in formula." in one embodiment " that different places occur in the present specification not refers both to
The same embodiment, nor the individual or selective embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments.
Experimental material and method:
Horizental silo is opened after ensiling 60d, ensilage all in each horizental silo is taken out and is filled to 1L's without compacting
In open polyethylene plastic barrel, bung hole is wrapped up with double gauze, prevents drosophila and other impurities pollution and moisture loss, and air can
It is freely accessible in polyethylene drum, is placed in and saves under room temperature.Multiple probes of warm recorder are respectively placed in silage fermentation
The center of tank, while 2 probes are put into empty tank, it is used for determination of the environment temperature；If the temperature of ensilage is higher than ring
2 DEG C of border temperature, it is putrid and deteriorated to illustrate that ensilage starts, records the time.Aerobic stability is defined as ensilage ingress of air
Required hour when ensilage temperature is higher by 2 DEG C than extraneous temperature afterwards.0,2,5,7d after opening cellar exposure air is continuous
It is sampled.Take in-between position as sample when sampling, a part is saved under -20 DEG C of environment with sealed bag, carry out pH and
Lactic acid content measurement.Another part (about 10g) is used for the counting of microorganism (including lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aerobic bacterium) quantity.
In aerobic exposed 7d, sample segment is taken to freeze in the sterile centrifugation tube of 50ml, -80 DEG C of preservations are substantially carried out later period micro- life
The detection of object diversity.
Barley silage sample 20g is taken respectively at 4 different two-stages, 180ml distilled water is added and mixes well, by smashing
Broken machine stirs 1min, is filtered using 4 layers of gauze and qualitative filter paper, obtains leachate, and to be measured, survey is saved in -20 DEG C of refrigerators
Determine pH value and lactic acid content.PH value is measured with Mettler Toledo type pH meter, and lactic acid uses 1260 efficient liquid phase of Agilent
Detection system measurement.10g sample is taken, is placed in sterile triangular flask, and injects sterile saline and amounts to 90ml encapsulation process, is shaken
Bed rocks 2h, speed 120r/min, for the counting to lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, mould.Ensilage sample 10g is taken, is injected
90ml sterile saline, sealing, 120r/min shaking table shake 2h.
Mono layer gauze impurity screening, 12000g is centrifuged 15min and collects microorganism, then according to PowerSoil DNA
The total DNA of Isolation Kit kit extraction ensilage flora.Use the area bacterial 16 S rRNA gene V3~V4 primer pair
The DNA profiling of acquisition carries out sequence amplification, and Beijing source Nuo Hezhi Science and Technology Co., Ltd. is sent to be sequenced, and finally carries out biology
Informatics and data analysis (table 7).
Embodiment 1:
Using conventional method ensiling: complete stool barley being cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled to after being compacted in horizental silo and covers
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis, the present embodiment are blank control experiment, and experimental result is shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 2:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is lactobacillus plantarum in the present embodiment, and being denoted as " Z ", (lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum is freeze-dried powder, lactobacillus plantarum
500 hundred million) concentration of Z freeze-dried powder is, according to 5 × 105The concentration of cfu/g barley is added, and experimental result is shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 3:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is the compound bacteria of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus in the present embodiment, by bacterial strain
Quantity ratio is 2:1:1 addition, and " compound bacteria 1 " is denoted as in following embodiment, and (compound bacteria 1 is freeze-dried powder, and the concentration of freeze-dried powder is 500
Hundred million), according to 5 × 105The concentration of cfu/g barley is added, and experimental result is shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 4:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.In the present embodiment additives for ensiling include lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus buchneri compound bacteria, by bacterial strain number
500 hundred million) amount is than being 2:1:1 mixing addition, and being denoted as " compound bacteria 2 ", (compound bacteria 2 is freeze-dried powder, and the concentration of freeze-dried powder is this implementation
Additives for ensiling is 5 × 10 in example5The compound bacteria 2 of cfu/g and compounding for 0.4%FW sodium propionate, are denoted as " compound bacteria 2+B " group.
Embodiment 5:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is 5 × 10 in the present embodiment5The lactobacillus plantarum Z of cfu/g is compounded with 1%FW cane molasses, is denoted as " multiple
Combined bacteria Z+T " group, experimental result are shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 6:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is 5 × 10 in the present embodiment5The compound bacteria 1 of cfu/g is compounded with 1%FW cane molasses, is denoted as " compound bacteria 1
+ T " group, experimental result are shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 7:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is 5 × 10 in the present embodiment5The compound bacteria 1 (being matched with the compound bacteria 1 in embodiment 3 identical) of cfu/g,
0.4%FW sodium propionate and 1%FW cane molasses compounding, are denoted as " compound bacteria 1+B+T " group, experimental result is shown in Table 1~5.
Embodiment 8:
Complete stool barley is cut into 1-2cm through cutting machine, is filled in horizental silo, is covered after additives for ensiling, compacting is added
Exterior and interior cover, blend compounds band sealing, is placed at room temperature, fully open after ensiling 60d, while detecting ensiling tank and opening 0d, 2d behind cellar,
The variation of 5d, 7d ensiling.Ensiling pH value, lactic acid (lactic acid, LA), lactic acid bacteria, mould, saccharomycete quantity are divided
Analysis.Additives for ensiling is 5 × 10 in the present embodiment5The compound bacteria 1 (being matched with the compound bacteria 1 in embodiment 3 identical) of cfu/g,
0.4%FW sodium benzoate and 1%FW cane molasses compounding, are denoted as " compound bacteria 1+J+T " group, experimental result is shown in Table 1~5.
Influence of the 1 Examples 1 to 7 method of table to pH value during the aerobic exposure of complete stool barley silage
PH is able to reflect whether ensilage saves preferably and it is by the degree of spoilage organisms decomposition, and pH value is reaction ensiling
Feed opens the direct indicator of aerobic stability behind cellar, and the big aerobic stability for illustrating ensilage of pH value amplitude of variation is poor.Ensiling
The size of feed pH is to determine the whether successful important indicator of ensiling afterwards, and pH is 4.00 hereinafter, ensilage superior quality；PH is
4.10~4.30, ensilage quality is good；PH is 4.40~5.00, and ensilage quality is general；PH is 5.00 or more, ensiling
Feed quality is of inferior quality.
As seen from Table 1, after different lactic acid bacterias compounds with cane molasses, pH value is influenced it is very big, suitable compound bacteria 1 with
Cane molasses, sodium propionate act synergistically so that still maintain lower pH value after the aerobic exposure of ensiling, effectively prevent secondary fermentation.
Influence (wt.%) of the 2 Examples 1 to 7 method of table to lactic acid content during the aerobic exposure of complete stool barley silage
Lactic acid is the beneficial acid for promoting silage fermentation, it is considered that organic acid spy is that lactic acid content and lactic acid Zhan are always organic
The ratio of acid is high, then ensilage quality is good.
As seen from Table 2, compound bacteria 1 produces synergistic effect with 0.4%FW sodium propionate and compounding for 1%FW cane molasses,
Promotion improves after ensiling lactic acid content during aerobic exposure, effectively prevent secondary fermentation.3 Examples 1 to 7 method of table is to complete stool
Influence (the unit log of lactic acid bacterium number during the aerobic exposure of barley silage10cfu/g FM)
Influence (unit of the 4 Examples 1 to 7 method of table to yeast count amount during the aerobic exposure of complete stool barley silage
log10cfu/g FM)
If aggravating activities occur in ensilage for saccharomycete, ensilage can be caused to be prone to secondary fermentation.
Saccharomycete is to cause the aerobic rotten important microbe of ensilage.As can be known from the above table, compound bacteria 1 and 0.4%FW sodium propionate and
The compounding of 1%FW cane molasses produces synergistic effect, and collectively promoting reduces saccharomycete breeding, prevents secondary fermentation.
Influence (log of the 5 Examples 1 to 7 method of table to fungi count amount during the aerobic exposure of complete stool barley silage10cfu/g
FM)
Embodiment 9:
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 7 are, the ratio of compound bacteria are replaced are as follows: lactobacillus plantarum, acidophilus cream bar
Bacterium, lactobacillus bulgaricus compound bacteria, by bacterial strain quantity ratio be 1:2:1 add, remaining experiment condition with 7 phase of embodiment
Together.
Embodiment 10:
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 7 are, the ratio lactobacillus plantarum of compound bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, guarantor are added
The compound bacteria of Leah lactobacillus, is 1:1:2 addition by bacterial strain quantity ratio, remaining experiment condition is same as Example 7.
PH value, lactic acid content, lactic acid clump count when 6 embodiment 9-10 method of table exposure 7d aerobic to complete stool barley silage
The influence of amount, saccharomycete quantity, mould quantity
The influence of the relative abundance of bacteria flora when 7 embodiment 1-7 method of table exposure 7d aerobic to complete stool barley silage
(%)
Compound bacteria 1 produces synergistic effect with 0.4%FW sodium propionate and compounding for 1%FW cane molasses, promotes aerobic
The proliferation of exposure period beneficial bacterium lactobacillus, it is suppressed that acinetobacter, Providence Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, sphingol
The bad biological growth such as Bacillus.
It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to preferable
Embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention
Scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in this hair
In bright scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Silaging method for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that: including,
Prepare additives for ensiling: the additives for ensiling includes lactic acid bacteria, sodium propionate, cane molasses, wherein the lactic acid bacteria,
Including one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus；And
Ensiling: it will be added in horizental silo after the cutting of complete stool barley, the additives for ensiling, compacting, sealing, fermentation be added.
2. preventing the Silaging method of complete stool barley secondary fermentation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ensiling addition
Agent, wherein the lactic acid bacteria is lactic acid bacteria freeze drying powder, is that lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus are multiple
Match, based on bacterial strain quantity ratio, lactobacillus plantarum: lactobacillus acidophilus: lactobacillus bulgaricus=2:1:1.
3. preventing the Silaging method of complete stool barley secondary fermentation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the lactic acid bacteria is frozen
The concentration of dry powder is 400~50,000,000,000.
4. the Silaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that:
The sodium propionate is added according to it in the concentration that the quality accounting of the barley is 0.3~0.5%FW.
5. the Silaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that:
The cane molasses are added according to it in the concentration that the quality accounting of the barley is 0.9~1.2%FW.
6. the Silaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that:
The lactic acid bacteria, according to 5 × 105Cfu/g barley is added.
7. the Silaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that:
The ensiling, for fermentation time at 60 days or more, temperature was room temperature.
8. the Silaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for preventing complete stool barley secondary fermentation, it is characterised in that:
It is described to cut complete stool barley, including complete stool barley is cut into 1~2cm through cutting machine, it is uniformly mixed.
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| CN112515045A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-19 | 成都理工大学 | Silage additive for pasture silage |
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