CN110291892A - A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage - Google Patents
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291892A CN110291892A CN201910697150.5A CN201910697150A CN110291892A CN 110291892 A CN110291892 A CN 110291892A CN 201910697150 A CN201910697150 A CN 201910697150A CN 110291892 A CN110291892 A CN 110291892A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, include the following steps: to breed using the method for cuttage, cuttings bacteria agent root dipping, set up cuttage pond, cuttings is first inserted into cuttage pond, it is transplanted again after cuttage root-taking, suitable plot is selected when transplanting, applying organic manure, rational close planting reinforces ventilation and penetrating light, and transplanting site is laid with drip irrigation zone, avoids broad irrigation, in Spraying in the flowering stage bacteria agent and trace element fertilizer, bacteria agent includes bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria etc..Microelement is the various trace elements of EDTA Chelating state, and carries out the management in later period.This method can effectively prevent the pest and disease damage of Fructus Forsythiae.
Description
Technical field
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage of the present invention, belongs to Fructus Forsythiae planting technology field.
Background technique
Fructus Forsythiae is that Dicotyledoneae twists colored mesh Oleaceae Forsythia Vahl machaka.Early spring elder generation Ye Kaihua, 3~April of florescence,
The flowers are in blossom, and fragrance is light gorgeous, and full branch is golden yellow, and gorgeous lovely, plant height is up to 3 meters.Full branch is golden yellow when in full bloom, and fragrance overflows, and it is happy to make us the reward heart
Mesh can be made colored hedge, flowering shrubs, flower bed etc., be widely used in terms of afforesting and beautifying city, be that sight-seeing agriculture and modern garden are difficult
The fine tree species obtained.
Fructus Forsythiae more be grown in hillside shrubbery, hayashishita or thick grass or mountain valley, gully sparse woods in, well developed root system, master
Root, lateral root, fibrous root can intensively reticulate in soil layer, absorb and water holding capacity can pull by force and fixed soil, prevents soil block sliding
It moves；Fructus Forsythiae germination is strong, and crown cover degree increases comparatively fast, can effectively prevent raindrop splass ground, reduces and corrodes, and has good water
Native holding effect is that the optimal economic of the excellent ecological tree species of conceding the land to forestry and loess plateau prevention soil and water loss that country is recommended is planted
Object.
The fruiting period of Fructus Forsythiae is in July~September.Fruit can be used as medicine, and have antibacterial, heart tonifying, diuresis, town the pharmacological actions such as to spit, often
It is Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, swap buffers with diseases such as the acute anemopyretic cold of forsythia fruit for treating, carbuncle sore tumefacting virus, scrofula, urinary tract infections
Powder-injection, heat-clearing and detoxicating oral liquid, the primary raw material for connecting the Chinese materia medica preparations such as the antipyretic oral solution of grass, flos ionicerae and fructus forsythiae infusion for detoxication.
At present in the planting process of Fructus Forsythiae, common pest and disease damage has leaf spot, borer, snail, longicorn etc., and harm connects
The normal growth stuck up.Above-mentioned pest and disease damage can be prevented and treated with the method for spraying chemical pesticide, but effect is poor, be easy to cause
Pesticide residue causes secondary pollution to environment, especially in Fructus Forsythiae as drug by the mankind in use, being hazardous to the human body.
Summary of the invention
It in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, should the present invention provides a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage
The generation of Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage can be significantly reduced in method, and reduces the usage amount of chemical pesticide.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, includes the following steps:
S1, select height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 500m~1900m as transplanting site, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, drain
Well；Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before the plot, soil is rich humus-containing sand loam；
S2, Fructus Forsythiae is planted using cuttage, that is, choose the Fructus Forsythiae plant that the age of tree is 5 years or more, robust growth and no disease and pests harm, into
Row adopts fringe, has 2~3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade；
S3, June~July select to carry out cuttage before the 9: 00 of fair weather or after 16: 00, with the first bacteria agent before cuttage
Dilute 80~110 times of liquid root dippings；
S4, cuttage pond is set up, the cuttage of cuttings elder generation is entered in cuttage pond, root system is grown to it and is transplanted again；
The gentle slope plot of cuttage pond selection height above sea level 500m~1900m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good；
Soil is ploughed deeply before cuttage, depth is 25~35cm；Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied simultaneously, and organic manure application rate is 2~5
m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 8~13kg/667m2；
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3~7cm × 17~23cm when cuttage, and 3 cm of cuttage depth~4cm fill before cuttage to cutting bed
Divide water spray, keeps seedbed wet；
Cuttings is inserted directly into soil, with native appropriate compacting cuttings root after the completion of cuttage, guarantees that soil and cuttings are in close contact；
S5, cuttage initial stage, cutting bed surface keep wet；
When soil moisture content drops to 30% or less, spraying watering in time；
When 70% or more soil moisture content and when cuttings grows young root, water spray number is reduced, is enhanced field management, timely weeding；
S6, the next spring choose transplanting site, plough deeply soil, and depth is 25~35cm；It is a large amount of simultaneously apply organic fertilizers with it is compound
Fertilizer, organic manure application rate are 5~8 m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 25~35 kg/667m2；
S7, second year June~July are transplanted when cuttings root growth is to 5cm or more, and when transplanting will be 20 in cuttings insertion soil
Then cm~25cm buries soil pressure reality, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 2~3 m × 2~3, after transplanting, is laid with drip irrigation zone along plant root,
It is watered using trickle irrigation, avoids broad irrigation；
Annual the second bacteria agent of spring Spraying in the flowering stage after transplanting dilute 70~90 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilution 80~
110 times of liquid；12~18d of interval is sprayed every time, is sprayed altogether 3~5 times；
S8, later normal management, using artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；It is picked during August~September part after Fructus Forsythiae is mature.
Preferably, with the first bacteria agent root dipping method before cuttage described in step S3 are as follows: by cuttings base portion in the first biology
3~5 h are impregnated in microbial inoculum dilution, dip depth in 3 cm~5cm.
It preferably, include bacillus subtilis, gel-shaped class gemma bar in the first bacteria agent that the step S3 is used
Bacterium, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc, living bacteria count is up to 1~3 × 108A/ml or more, the content point of Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc
It Wei not 20~40g/l.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer that the step S4 and S6 chooses are as follows: sufficiently decomposed cow dung or sheep dung, the compound fertilizer of use
The mass percentage ratio of total nutrient content N P and K in 36~51%, the compound fertilizer be N:P:K=12~17%:12~
17%:12~17%.
Preferably, the second bacteria agent that the step S7 is used includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Bacillus licheniformis 40~60%, photosynthetic bacteria 20~40%, bacillus megaterium 5~15%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 2~
8%, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3~8%, living bacteria count is 1~3 × 108A/ml or more.
Preferably, the trace element fertilizer that the step S7 is used for the middle microelement of EDTA Chelating state, pH is 5.0~
7.0,14~21% mass ratio of microelement total content.
Preferably, the microelement includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Copper 0.5~1.5%, iron 3~4%, magnesium 2~3%, manganese 2~3%, zinc 4~5%, boron 1.5~2.5%, 0.5~1 % of molybdenum, cobalt 0.5
~1%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention did not planted the plot of Fructus Forsythiae, and avoided continuous cropping to Fructus Forsythiae by specific synthetic method for planting before choosing
The harm of growth is bred using the method for cuttage, simple and effective, and the cuttings of selection is healthy and strong, and disease carrying germ, is not dipped in using bacteria agent
Root, stimulates the growth of Fructus Forsythiae root system, and sets up cuttage pond, and cuttings is first grown in cuttage pond, is moved again after growing root system
It plants, improves survival rate.
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3~7cm × 17~23cm when the cuttage of this method, and grown per area Fructus Forsythiae is less, adds
Forced ventilation light transmission reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Conventional method plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3cm × 5cm, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows compared with
Small, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, is easy to happen pest and disease damage.
Line-spacing, the spacing in the rows that Fructus Forsythiae is increased after transplanting, strengthen the ventilation and penetrating light of plant, are laid with drip irrigation zone along root, adopt
It is watered with trickle irrigation, on the one hand avoids broad irrigation, reduced the propagation of germ in soil, on the other hand also save and use water.
In annual spring Spraying in the flowering stage bacteria agent dilution, trace element fertilizer dilution after transplanting, bacteria agent improves
The physicochemical property of soil creates good environment, while microelement-supplementing fertilizer, soil environment is made to be unfavorable for pest and disease damage
Occur, improves the yield and quality of Fructus Forsythiae.
The generation of Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage can be significantly reduced in the implementation of technology through the invention, reduces making for chemical pesticide
Dosage.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Be limited to these embodiments, it is all without departing substantially from the change of present inventive concept or equivalent substitute be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Embodiment 1
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, includes the following steps:
S1, select height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 500m~1900m as transplanting site, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, drain
Well；Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before the plot, soil is rich humus-containing sand loam；
S2, Fructus Forsythiae is planted using cuttage, that is, choose the Fructus Forsythiae plant that the age of tree is 5 years or more, robust growth and no disease and pests harm, into
Row adopts fringe, has 3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade；
S3, June~July select to carry out cuttage before the 9: 00 of fair weather or after 16: 00, with the first bacteria agent before cuttage
Dilute 100 times of liquid root dippings；
With the first bacteria agent root dipping method before the cuttage are as follows: impregnate cuttings base portion in the first bacteria agent dilution
4h dips depth in 3 cm~5cm.The time impregnated in root dipping is longer, dips depth as shallow, makes bacteria agent sufficiently by cuttings
It absorbs, is conducive to the growth of root system.
It include bacillus subtilis, gel-shaped series bacillus, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid in first bacteria agent
Zinc, living bacteria count is up to 2 × 108A/ml or more, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc content be respectively 20g/l and 40g/l.
This method not only includes bacteria agent, but also includes humic acid, Fructus Forsythiae can be promoted to take root, and traditional method only individually adds
Add bacteria agent or hormonal substance, humic acid is a kind of emerging fertilizer, and bacteria agent improves soil environment, fast in the soil
Fast constantly growth and development breeding, secretes the material effects such as a large amount of chitinase, root element in soil, while can also consolidate
Nitrogen phosphorus decomposing work potassium, discharges cured middle microelement in soil, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer in soil.
S4, cuttage pond is set up, the cuttage of cuttings elder generation is entered in cuttage pond, root system is grown to it and is transplanted again；
The gentle slope plot of cuttage pond selection height above sea level 500m~1900m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good；
Soil, depth 30cm are ploughed deeply before cuttage；Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, organic manure application rate 3m are applied simultaneously3/
667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption 10kg/667m2；
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 5cm × 20cm when cuttage, and 3 cm of cuttage depth~4cm sufficiently spray water to cutting bed before cuttage, make
Seedbed is wet；
Cuttings is inserted directly into soil, with native appropriate compacting cuttings root after the completion of cuttage, guarantees that soil and cuttings are in close contact；
S5, cuttage initial stage, cutting bed surface keep wet；
When soil moisture content drops to 30% or less, spraying watering in time；
When 70% or more soil moisture content and when cuttings grows young root, water spray number is reduced, hot weather is removed, otherwise only needed a small amount of
Water spray is enhanced field management, timely weeding；
S6, the next spring choose transplanting site, plough deeply soil, depth 30cm；It is a large amount of simultaneously to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer,
Organic manure application rate is 6m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption 30kg/667m2；
The organic fertilizer that the step S4 and S6 chooses are as follows: sufficiently decomposed cow dung or sheep dung, compound fertilizer's total nutrient content of use
The mass percentage ratio of N P and K is N:P:K=15%:15%:15% in 45%, the compound fertilizer.
S7, second year June~July are transplanted when cuttings root growth is to 5cm or more, and cuttings is inserted into soil when transplanting
In 20 cm~25cm, then bury soil pressure reality, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows be 2m × 2m, after transplanting, along plant root be laid with drip irrigation zone,
It is watered using trickle irrigation, avoids broad irrigation；
Annual the second bacteria agent of spring Spraying in the flowering stage after transplanting dilutes 80 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilutes 100 times of liquid；Often
It is secondary to spray interval 15d, it sprays altogether 4 times；
Second bacteria agent includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Bacillus licheniformis 50%, photosynthetic bacteria 30%, bacillus megaterium 10%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 5%, solution starch gemma
Bacillus 5%, living bacteria count is 2 × 108A/ml or more.
The trace element fertilizer is the middle microelement with EDTA Chelating state, and pH is 5.0~7.0, microelement total content
For mass percentage: 17%.
The microelement includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Copper 1.0%, iron 3.5%, magnesium 2.5%, manganese 2.5%, zinc 4.5%, boron 2.0%, molybdenum 0.5%, cobalt 0.5%.
S8, later normal management, using artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；It is adopted during August~September part after Fructus Forsythiae is mature
It plucks.
The characteristics of present invention is grown according to Fructus Forsythiae, the gentle slope plantation plot height above sea level of selection is between 500m~1900m, back
Wind, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good, and soil is rich humus-containing sand loam, meet the requirement of Fructus Forsythiae growth.It does not plant
The plot of Fructus Forsythiae was planted as transplanting site, avoided continuous cropping bring pest and disease damage.
The breeding for the Fructus Forsythiae that the present invention uses uses cuttage, and this method establishes cuttage pond, and cuttings is first grown in cuttage pond
For a period of time, it is transplanted again after growing new root, the survival rate of Fructus Forsythiae can be improved；It is simple and convenient, be conducive to large-scale
Production, the Fructus Forsythiae plant for choosing the age of tree as 5 years or more robust growths and no disease and pests harm carry out adopting fringe, can ensure the strong of cuttings
Health lays the foundation for the growth of later Fructus Forsythiae.Conventional method is directly to transplant cuttings without cuttage pond, will cause one
Fixed dead seedling, survival rate are lower.
This method selects cuttage pond meticulously, ploughs deeply before cuttage, applies a large amount of organic fertilizers and compound fertilizer, conventional method is often
More extensive, the not soil deeptillage before cuttage is managed, is not applied or Shaoshi organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.This cuttage pond is conducive to Fructus Forsythiae
Growth, applies a large amount of fertilizer before cuttage as the growth of Fructus Forsythiae and provides sufficient nutrient, improve the quality of Fructus Forsythiae.
This method cuttings before transplanting has grown new root, reduces the appearance of dead seedling.
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is larger when this method is transplanted, and is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, and routine connects
Line-spacing spacing in the rows is 1m × 1m after the transplanting stuck up, and line-spacing spacing in the rows is smaller, although the plant quantity planted in unit area is more, is led to
Wind translucency is poor, and pest and disease damage is easy to happen.
This method is enhanced field management after cuttage, in time water spray, weeding.It is laid with drip irrigation zone along plant root after transplanting,
Trickle irrigation watering, avoids broad irrigation；Not only it had reduced and had been spread with water, but also reduction soil-borne disease.
What the present invention used dilutes 100 times of liquid root dippings with bacteria agent before cuttage, same due to continuously planting for many years
Plant is easy to make the missing of nutrient in soil, causes unbalanced nutrition, breeds disinfect pathogen, totally unfavorable to plant growth.It should
Bacteria agent includes bacillus licheniformis, and living bacteria count is up to 2 × 108A/ml or more.The effect of bacillus licheniformis: there is suppression
The breeding of pathogen and the invasion to plant root in soil processed reduce plant soil-borne diseases；Improve bud ratio and the guarantor of seedling
Seedling rate prevents the hereditary disease of seeds self, improves Fructus Forsythiae survival rate, promotes root growth；Soil is improved, soil granular is improved
Structure improves soil water storage ability.
After present invention transplanting, the annual florescence in spring sprays bacteria agent and dilutes 80 times of liquid, 100 times of trace element fertilizer dilution
Liquid sprays interval 15d every time, sprays altogether 4 times.
Bacteria agent include bacillus licheniformis (accounting for 50%), photosynthetic bacteria (accounting for 30%), bacillus megaterium (accounting for 10%),
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (accounting for 5%), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (accounting for 5%), living bacteria count is 2 × 108A/ml or more.It is micro
Element is the middle microelement with EDTA Chelating state, includes microelement total content 17%, representative value are as follows: copper 1.0%；Iron
3.5%；Magnesium 2.5%；Manganese 2.5%；Zinc 4.5%；Boron 2.0%；Molybdenum 0.5%；Cobalt 0.5%；PH is 5.0~7.0.
Bacillus licheniformis inhibits the breeding of pathogen and the invasion to plant root in soil, reduces plant soil-borne and catches an illness
Evil；The bud ratio and survival rate of seedlings of seed are improved, the self-contained disease of prevention seedling improves plant survival rate, promotes root system raw
It is long；Soil is improved, soil aggregate structure is improved, improves soil water storage ability.
Photosynthetic bacteria can improve the photosynthetic capacity of blade, accelerate metabolism.
Bacillus megaterium has the function of phosphorus decomposing, has effect organic phosphorus in degradation soil well.
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering can be released micro- in solvable phosphorus potassium element and calcium, sulphur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese etc. with potassium decomposing
Secondary element.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can secrete antibacterial material, generate antagonism, the competition of nutrition and space, and induction host produces
Raw resistance and promotion plant growth.
Copper is that Fructus Forsythiae grows necessary microelement, participates in its vivo oxidation reduction reaction and respiration, has enhancing
The effect of plant disease resistance.
Iron is the important composition substance of the enzyme of Fructus Forsythiae aerobic respiration, is the important substance of Fructus Forsythiae energetic supersession, and iron deficiency influences
Physiologically active of plant easily causes iron deficiency, while influencing Nutrient Absorption.
Magnesium participates in the photosynthesis and respiration of Fructus Forsythiae, can activate various transphosphorylases and phosphokinase.Magnesium
It can be with the synthesis process of activated dna and RNA.It is one of synthetic ingredient of chlorophyll.Lacking magnesium, chlorophyll cannot synthesize,
It influences Fructus Forsythiae normally to grow, if magnesium deficiency is serious, forms foxiness necrosis.
Manganese is that Fructus Forsythiae grows one of necessary microelement, directly participation photosynthesis, can promote the growth of plant, dry
The accumulation of matter.
Zinc is that Fructus Forsythiae grows one of necessary microelement, and zinc can improve SOD activity in blade, mitigate Fructus Forsythiae and disease is occurring
The injury being subject to after insect pest；It may additionally facilitate Fructus Forsythiae bud differentiation, improve fruit yield.
Boron is element necessary to higher plant.Boron can be combined with the sugar of free state, promote the transport of sugar.Boron is to Fructus Forsythiae
Reproductive process has important influence, has substantial connection with pollen formation, germination of pollen tube and fertilization.When boron deficiency, anther and filigree
Atrophy, pollen development are bad.
Molybdenum is that Fructus Forsythiae grows one of necessary microelement, be internal azotase and nitrate reductase important composition at
Point, and the reaction that nitrate-nitrogen reduction is ammonium is participated in, promote the metabolism of nitrogen in Fructus Forsythiae body.Molybdenum is conducive to stabilize and increase blade and blade green
Cellulose content promotes photosynthesis, is conducive to the formation and conversion of glucide.
Essential trace element of the cobalt as plant has important physiological action.It is vitamin B12 composition at
Point, it is the component of certain enzymes or the cofactor of catalytic activity, influences the growth of Fructus Forsythiae.
The application of above-mentioned bacteria agent, trace element fertilizer can improve the physicochemical property of soil, maintain nutrient in soil
Balance, microelement needed for supplementing plant growth, improves the disease and insect resistance of Fructus Forsythiae.Bacillus licheniformis, huge gemma bar
Bacterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering be respectively provided with fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing effect, can be grown for Fructus Forsythiae and sufficient N P and K be provided
Fertilizer, solution starch gemma bar have the function of that killing germ, photosynthetic bacteria improve the photosynthetic capacity of Fructus Forsythiae, improve the disease-resistant of Fructus Forsythiae
Property.On the one hand above-mentioned formula provides nutrient extraneous for Fructus Forsythiae, on the other hand sterilize in the soil, improves in the inside of Fructus Forsythiae
The disease resistance of itself starts with prevent and treat the pest and disease damage of Fructus Forsythiae from many aspects.
Embodiment 2
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, includes the following steps:
S1, select height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 500m~1900m as transplanting site, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, drain
Well；Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before the plot, soil is rich humus-containing sand loam；
S2, Fructus Forsythiae is planted using cuttage, that is, choose the Fructus Forsythiae plant that the age of tree is 5 years or more, robust growth and no disease and pests harm, into
Row adopts fringe, has 2~3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade；
S3, June~July select to carry out cuttage before the 9: 00 of fair weather or after 16: 00, with the first bacteria agent before cuttage
Dilute 80 times of liquid root dippings；
With the first bacteria agent root dipping method before the cuttage are as follows: cuttings base portion is impregnated 5 in the first bacteria agent dilution
H dips depth in 3 cm~5cm.
It include bacillus subtilis, gel-shaped series bacillus, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid in first bacteria agent
Zinc, living bacteria count is up to 3 × 108A/ml or more, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc content be respectively 30g/l and 30g/l.
It further include marigold root extract 20ml/l, garlic powder 20g/l in first bacteria agent.
It taking marigold root 10g, removes impurity, after grinding, 100ml water and 50ml ethyl alcohol is added in cleaning, drying, and 80~90
Degree, after twenty minutes, filtering, obtaining supernatant is marigold root extract for heating；
S4, cuttage pond is set up, the cuttage of cuttings elder generation is entered in cuttage pond, root system is grown to it and is transplanted again；
The gentle slope plot of cuttage pond selection height above sea level 500m~1900m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good；
Soil, depth 25cm are ploughed deeply before cuttage；Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, organic manure application rate 2m are applied simultaneously3/
667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 13 kg/667m2；
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3cm × 17cm when cuttage, and 3 cm of cuttage depth~4cm sufficiently spray water before cuttage to cutting bed,
Keep seedbed wet；
Cuttings is inserted directly into soil, with native appropriate compacting cuttings root after the completion of cuttage, guarantees that soil and cuttings are in close contact；
S5, cuttage initial stage, cutting bed surface keep wet；
When soil moisture content drops to 30% or less, spraying watering in time；
When 70% or more soil moisture content and when cuttings grows young root, water spray number is reduced, hot weather is removed, otherwise only needed a small amount of
Water spray is enhanced field management, timely weeding；
S6, the next spring choose transplanting site, plough deeply soil, depth 25cm；It is a large amount of simultaneously to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer,
Organic manure application rate is 8 m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 25 kg/667m2；
The organic fertilizer that the step S4 and S6 chooses are as follows: sufficiently decomposed cow dung or sheep dung, compound fertilizer's total nutrient content of use
The mass percentage ratio of N P and K is the %:17%:12 of N:P:K=12 % in 45% or more, the compound fertilizer.
S7, second year June~July are transplanted when cuttings root growth is to 5cm or more, and cuttings is inserted into soil when transplanting
In 20 cm~25cm, then bury soil pressure reality, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows be 2 m × 3m, after transplanting, along plant root be laid with trickle irrigation
Band is watered using trickle irrigation, avoids broad irrigation；
Annual the second bacteria agent of spring Spraying in the flowering stage after transplanting dilutes 70 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilutes 80 times of liquid；
Interval 12 is sprayed every time to spray altogether 3 times；
Second bacteria agent includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Bacillus licheniformis 40%, photosynthetic bacteria 40%, bacillus megaterium 5%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 2%, solution starch gemma bar
Bacterium 3%, living bacteria count is 1 × 108A/ml or more.
The trace element fertilizer is the middle microelement with EDTA Chelating state, pH 5.0,14% matter of microelement total content
Amount ratio.
The microelement includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Copper 0.5%, iron 4%, magnesium 2%, manganese 3%, zinc 4%, boron 2.5%, molybdenum 1%, cobalt 1%.
S8, later normal management, using artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；It is adopted during August~September part after Fructus Forsythiae is mature
It plucks.
Embodiment 3
A kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, includes the following steps:
S1, select height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 500m~1900m as transplanting site, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, drain
Well；Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before the plot, soil is rich humus-containing sand loam；
S2, Fructus Forsythiae is planted using cuttage, that is, choose the Fructus Forsythiae plant that the age of tree is 5 years or more, robust growth and no disease and pests harm, into
Row adopts fringe, has 2~3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade；
S3, June~July select to carry out cuttage before the 9: 00 of fair weather or after 16: 00, with the first bacteria agent before cuttage
Dilute 110 times of liquid root dippings；
With the first bacteria agent root dipping method before the cuttage are as follows: impregnate cuttings base portion in the first bacteria agent dilution
3h dips depth in 3 cm~5cm.
It include bacillus subtilis, gel-shaped series bacillus, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid in first bacteria agent
Zinc, living bacteria count is up to 1 × 108A/ml or more, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc content be respectively 40g/l and 40g/l.
It further include marigold root extract 10ml/l, garlic powder 30g/l in first bacteria agent.
It taking marigold root 10g, removes impurity, after grinding, 100ml water and 50ml ethyl alcohol is added in cleaning, drying, and 80~90
Degree, after twenty minutes, filtering, obtaining supernatant is marigold root extract for heating；
S4, cuttage pond is set up, the cuttage of cuttings elder generation is entered in cuttage pond, root system is grown to it and is transplanted again；
The gentle slope plot of cuttage pond selection height above sea level 500m~1900m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good；
Soil, depth 35cm are ploughed deeply before cuttage；Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied simultaneously, and organic manure application rate is 5 m3/
667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption 8kg/667m2；
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 7cm × 17cm when cuttage, and 3 cm of cuttage depth~4cm sufficiently spray water before cuttage to cutting bed,
Keep seedbed wet；
Cuttings is inserted directly into soil, with native appropriate compacting cuttings root after the completion of cuttage, guarantees that soil and cuttings are in close contact；
S5, cuttage initial stage, cutting bed surface keep wet；
When soil moisture content drops to 30% or less, spraying watering in time；
When 70% or more soil moisture content and when cuttings grows young root, water spray number is reduced, hot weather is removed, otherwise only needed a small amount of
Water spray is enhanced field management, timely weeding；
S6, the next spring choose transplanting site, plough deeply soil, depth 35cm；It is a large amount of simultaneously to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer,
Organic manure application rate is 5m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 35 kg/667m2；
The organic fertilizer that the step S4 and S6 chooses are as follows: sufficiently decomposed cow dung or sheep dung, compound fertilizer's total nutrient content of use
The mass percentage ratio of N P and K is N:P:K=17%:12%:12% in 45% or more, the compound fertilizer.
S7, second year June~July are transplanted when cuttings root growth is to 5cm or more, and cuttings is inserted into soil when transplanting
Then middle 25cm buries soil pressure reality, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3 m × 3m, after transplanting, drip irrigation zone is laid with along plant root, using drop
Water is poured, broad irrigation is avoided；
Annual the second bacteria agent of spring Spraying in the flowering stage after transplanting dilutes 90 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilutes 110 times of liquid；Often
It is secondary to spray interval 18d, it sprays altogether 5 times；
Second bacteria agent includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Bacillus licheniformis 60%, photosynthetic bacteria 20%, bacillus megaterium 15%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 2%, solution starch gemma
Bacillus 3%, living bacteria count is 3 × 108A/ml or more.
The trace element fertilizer is the middle microelement with EDTA Chelating state, pH 7.0,21% matter of microelement total content
Amount ratio.
The microelement includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Copper 1.5%, iron 3%, magnesium 3%, manganese 2%, zinc 5%, boron 1.5%, molybdenum 0.8%, cobalt 0.8%.
S8, later normal management, using artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；It is adopted during August~September part after Fructus Forsythiae is mature
It plucks.
Test example 1
The method of the present invention is made 2 processing by this test example, respectively handles 1, processing 2, processing 2 is control.Used in test example
Fructus Forsythiae kind is " Anze Fructus Forsythiae ".
It is carried out in Shanxi Province, Anze County, the Linfen town the He Chuan village Dong Hongyi Fructus Forsythiae base within 2015~2018.
Specific processing includes the following steps:
1: 2015 year spring selection height above sea level is handled in the gentle slope plot of 1000m, leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good, make
For cuttage pond, soil, depth 30cm are ploughed deeply before cuttage.Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied simultaneously, and machine fertilizer amount of application is 3m3/
667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption 10kg/667m2。
Summer in 2015 plants Fructus Forsythiae using cuttage, that is, chooses the company that the age of tree is 5 years or more robust growths and no disease and pests harm
Plant is stuck up to carry out adopting fringe.There are 2~3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade.Select 9 that fair weather is daily:
00 carries out cuttage, dilutes 100 times of liquid root dippings with bacteria agent before cuttage, and bacteria agent includes bacillus licheniformis, effectively living
Bacterium number is up to 2 × 108A/ml or more.Cuttings base portion is impregnated into 4h in bacteria agent dilution, dips depth in 3 cm~5cm.
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows 5cm × 20cm, cutting are inserted directly into soil when cuttage, and soil pressure is applied after the completion of tloig-cutlage
Real cuttings root matrix guarantees that soil and cutting are in close contact.Cuttage initial stage cutting bed surface will keep wet, soil moisture content
It waters by spraying in time when dropping to 30% or less.When 70% or more cuttings grows young root, water spray number is reduced, except chance high temperature day
Otherwise gas only needs to spray water on a small quantity, enhance field management, timely weeding.In June, 2016, cuttings root growth was to 5cm or more
When prepare transplanting.
Spring in 2016 selects height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 1000m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good,
The plot plantation Fructus Forsythiae of Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before.Soil, depth 30cm are ploughed deeply before plantation.It is a large amount of simultaneously to apply decomposed cow dung
With compound fertilizer, machine fertilizer amount of application is 6m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption 30kg/667m2.Compound fertilizer's total nutrient content 45% with
Upper (N:P:K=15:15:15).
In June, 2016 is transplanted, by 20 cm~25cm in cuttings insertion soil when transplanting.Then soil pressure reality, plant row are buried
It is 2m × 2m away from spacing in the rows.Prolong plant root after transplanting and be laid with drip irrigation zone, is watered using trickle irrigation, avoid broad irrigation.After transplanting
Annual spring Spraying in the flowering stage bacteria agent dilute 80 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilute 100 times of liquid.Interval 15d is sprayed every time, altogether
It sprays 4 times.
Bacteria agent include bacillus licheniformis (accounting for 50%), photosynthetic bacteria (accounting for 30%), bacillus megaterium (accounting for 10%),
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (accounting for 5%), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (accounting for 5%), living bacteria count is 2 × 108A/ml or more.It is micro
Element is the middle microelement with EDTA Chelating state, includes microelement total content 17%, representative value are as follows: copper 1.0%；Iron
3.5%；Magnesium 2.5%；Manganese 2.5%；Zinc 4.5%；Boron 2.0%；Molybdenum 0.5%；Cobalt 0.5%；PH is 5.0~7.0.
Cultivated area 200m2If 3 repetitions.Later normal management periodically uses artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；Trimming
When remove lengthy and jumbled branch and overstocked branch so that plant keep ventilation and penetrating light；And it removes and has occurred and that the serious branches and leaves of leaf spot；Fructus Forsythiae
It is picked during August~September part after maturation.
Processing 2: the plot of selection 5 years or more continuous plantation Fructus Forsythiaes, summer in 2015 plant Fructus Forsythiae using cuttage, that is, choose
The age of tree carries out adopting fringe for the Fructus Forsythiae plant of 5 years or more robust growths and no disease and pests harm.There are 2~3 or more stems in every plant of cuttings
Section, cuts off lower blade.Select fair weather daily 9: 00 carry out cuttages, set up cuttage pond, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows when cuttage
For 4cm × 5cm, cutting is inserted directly into soil, answers cuttings root matrix compact with soil after the completion of cuttage, and pour by spraying in time
Water guarantees that soil and cutting are in close contact, transplants after summer cuttings survives within 2016 that plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 1.5m × 1.5m.
It is watered by the way of broad irrigation, cultivated area 200m2If 3 repetitions.
Using the conventional method prevention and treatment pest and disease damage for spraying chemical pesticide since 2017.In August~September after Fructus Forsythiae is mature
It is picked during part.
Remaining management method is identical.
The incidence and production of the pest and disease damage (leaf spot, borer, snail, longicorn) of 2 processing were instituted an inquiry from 2017
Amount is converted as per mu yield, is investigated 2 years altogether.
Pest and disease damage incidence=(worm strain number/investigation total strain number of catching an illness) × 100%
It is detailed in the following table 1.
The incidence of insect disease and Yield comparison of 1 Fructus Forsythiae of table
As a result, it has been found that handling 1 in, pest and disease damage incidence in 2018 in 2017 up to 10.2%, 10.4%, incidence is lower, changes width
Degree is smaller, and the pest and disease damage incidence of processing 2 is above processing 1, and the trend by rising year by year respectively up to 30.4%, 35.4%.
Per mu yield 2017 of processing 1 reach 71.2kg, rise to 100.4kg within 2018.Processing 2 also shows to rise year by year
Trend, respectively up to 65.5 kg, 80.3kg, but relatively processing is 1 low within 2017,2018.The relatively processing 2 of discovery processing 1 is comprehensively compared
Pest and disease damage incidence reduce, yield greatly improves.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited by embodiment illustrated herein, and
It is to fit to the widest range consistent with principles disclosed herein and novel features.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage, which comprises the steps of:
S1, select height above sea level in the gentle slope plot of 500m~1900m as transplanting site, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, drain
Well；Fructus Forsythiae was not planted before the plot, soil is rich humus-containing sand loam；
S2, Fructus Forsythiae is planted using cuttage, that is, choose the Fructus Forsythiae plant that the age of tree is 5 years or more, robust growth and no disease and pests harm, into
Row adopts fringe, has 3 or more stipes in every plant of cuttings, cuts off lower blade；
S3, June~July select to carry out cuttage before the 9: 00 of fair weather or after 16: 00, with the first bacteria agent before cuttage
Dilute 80~110 times of liquid root dippings；
S4, cuttage pond is set up, the cuttage of cuttings elder generation is entered in cuttage pond, root system is grown to it and is transplanted again；
The gentle slope plot of cuttage pond selection height above sea level 500m~1900m, it is desirable that leeward, southern exposure, soil layer are deep, draining is good；
Soil is ploughed deeply before cuttage, depth is 25~35cm；Applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer simultaneously, organic manure application rate is 2~
5m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 8~13 kg/667m2；
Plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 3~7cm × 17~23cm when cuttage, and 3 cm of cuttage depth~4cm fill before cuttage to cutting bed
Divide water spray, keeps seedbed wet；
Cuttings is inserted directly into soil, with native appropriate compacting cuttings root after the completion of cuttage, guarantees that soil and cuttings are in close contact；
S5, cuttage initial stage, cutting bed surface keep wet；
When soil moisture content drops to 30% or less, spraying watering in time；
When 70% or more soil moisture content and when cuttings grows young root, water spray number and amount of water sprayed are reduced, is enhanced field management, and
When weeding；
S6, the next spring carry out transplanting site to plough deeply soil, and depth is 25~35cm；The organic fertilizers and multiple of applying a large amount of simultaneously
Hefei, organic manure application rate are 5~8 m3/667m2, composite fertilizer's consumption is 25~35 kg/667m2；
S7, second year June~July are transplanted when cuttings root growth is to 5cm or more, and when transplanting will be 20 in cuttings insertion soil
Then cm~25cm buries soil pressure reality, plant line-spacing spacing in the rows is 2~3 m × 2~3m, after transplanting, is laid with trickle irrigation along plant root
Band is watered using trickle irrigation, avoids broad irrigation；
Annual the second bacteria agent of spring Spraying in the flowering stage after transplanting dilute 70~90 times of liquid, trace element fertilizer dilution 80~
110 times of liquid；12~18d of interval is sprayed every time, is sprayed altogether 3~5 times；
S8, later normal management, using artificial weeding, watering, beta pruning；It is picked during August~September part after Fructus Forsythiae is mature.
2. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step S3
With the first bacteria agent root dipping method before cuttage are as follows: cuttings base portion is impregnated 3~5h in the first bacteria agent dilution, is dipped
Depth is in 3 cm~5cm.
3. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S3
Including bacillus subtilis, gel-shaped series bacillus, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc in the first bacteria agent used, effectively
Viable count is up to 1~3 × 108A/ml or more, Humic acid Magnesium, humic acid zinc content be respectively 20~40g/l.
4. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S4
The organic fertilizer chosen with S6 are as follows: sufficiently decomposed cow dung or sheep dung, compound fertilizer's total nutrient content of use are described 45% or more
The mass percentage ratio of N P and K is N:P:K=12~17%:12~17%:12~17% in compound fertilizer.
5. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S7
The second bacteria agent used includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Bacillus licheniformis 40~60%, photosynthetic bacteria 20~40%, bacillus megaterium 5~15%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 2~
8%, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3~8%, living bacteria count is 1~3 × 108A/ml or more.
6. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S7
The trace element fertilizer used is with the middle microelement of EDTA Chelating state, pH is 5.0~7.0.
7. a kind of synthetic method for planting for preventing and treating Fructus Forsythiae pest and disease damage as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the micro member
The total content 14~21% of microelement in plain fertilizer, the microelement includes the ingredient of following mass fraction:
Copper 0.5~1.5%, iron 3~4%, magnesium 2~3%, manganese 2~3%, zinc 4~5%, boron 1.5~2.5%, 0.5~1 % of molybdenum, cobalt 0.5
~1%.
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