CN110291857B - Paddy field cultivation weeder - Google Patents

Paddy field cultivation weeder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110291857B
CN110291857B CN201910624258.1A CN201910624258A CN110291857B CN 110291857 B CN110291857 B CN 110291857B CN 201910624258 A CN201910624258 A CN 201910624258A CN 110291857 B CN110291857 B CN 110291857B
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China
Prior art keywords
weeding
wheel
plate
adjusting
inter
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CN110291857A (en
Inventor
曹成茂
田亮
陈威
彭美乐
米占喜
缪保玉
王成武
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/18Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B15/00Wheels or wheel attachments designed for increasing traction
    • B60B15/02Wheels with spade lugs

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a paddy field cultivation weeding machine which comprises a frame, a travelling device, a depth limiting device, a weeding device and a weeding depth adjusting control device, wherein a gasoline engine is arranged at the tail end of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the middle part of the frame, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the weeding device, a steering wheel is arranged above the gasoline engine, a travelling adjusting handle is arranged on one side of the steering wheel, the depth limiting device comprises a winding preventing knife and a depth limiting plate, the depth limiting device is arranged below the front end of the weeding device, the weeding device is arranged below the front end of the frame, a scraping plate is arranged behind the weeding device, and the weeding depth adjusting control device is arranged inside the weeding device. This paddy field cultivation weeder can detach paddy field inter-plant and inter-row weeds simultaneously, and the operation performance is stable, has realized paddy field weeding mechanization, intelligent, has reduced environmental pollution, has improved operating efficiency, has reduced intensity of labour.

Description

Paddy field cultivation weeder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a paddy field cultivation weeding machine.
Background
Farmland weeds have been one of the major disasters in agricultural production. Weeds not only compete with crops for resources such as moisture, nutrients, space, sunlight and the like, but also have the advantages that crops do not have, so that the living growth of the crops is seriously damaged, the crops are seriously reduced in yield, and the damage caused in agricultural production is large and wide.
Mechanical weeding operation is a key production technology in agricultural sustainable development. The soil is loosened by utilizing various measures such as ploughing, raking, intertillage and loosening soil, and meanwhile, the soil in the seedling zone is loosened, so that the evaporation of water is reduced, and the soil is changed into soil with complete soil. Compared with manual weeding, mechanical weeding is more time-saving and labor-saving, has low cost and is environment-friendly compared with chemical weeding, and is an important technical means for controlling weed growth in agricultural production.
In order to realize mechanical weeding in paddy fields, the invention designs a paddy field cultivation weeding machine, a gasoline engine is used as a power source of the whole weeding machine, a traveling device is used for transmitting power by the gasoline engine to drive the cultivation weeding machine to travel and provide power for the weeding device, a steering wheel controls the left and right steering of the traveling device, the weeding device performs inter-row and inter-plant weeding operation, and a depth limiting device and a weeding depth adjusting device limit and adjust the depth of penetration of the weeding device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a paddy field cultivation weeding machine, which aims to solve the problems of low manual weeding operation efficiency, high labor intensity and environmental pollution caused by chemical weeding.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a paddy field cultivation weeder, includes frame, running gear, limit dark device, weeding device and weeding degree of depth regulation controlling means, the end of frame is equipped with the gasoline engine, the below at frame middle part is equipped with the pneumatic cylinder, the below of frame front end is equipped with the power, pneumatic cylinder and weeding device fixed connection, one side of gasoline engine is equipped with the seat, the top of gasoline engine is equipped with the steering wheel, the right side of steering wheel is equipped with walking adjustment handle, the below of walking adjustment handle is equipped with the gearbox, running gear includes walking rear wheel and walking front wheel, limit dark device is including preventing twining sword and limit dark board, limit dark device is established in the below of weeding device front end, weeding device is established in the below of frame front end, weeding device rear is equipped with the scraper blade, weeding device's both sides all are equipped with the walking supporting wheel, the walking supporting wheel includes supporting seat and bracing piece, weeding degree of depth regulation controlling means establishes the inside at weeding device.
Preferably, a transmission shaft of a traveling rear wheel of the traveling device is in meshed connection with an output shaft of the gasoline engine, and the steering wheel is in meshed connection with a steering shaft of the traveling device.
Preferably, the weeding device comprises an inter-row weeding device and an inter-plant weeding device, wherein the inter-row weeding device is connected with the square shaft in a meshed mode, and the inter-plant weeding device is connected with the circular shaft in a meshed mode.
Preferably, the two depth limiting devices are arranged in total, and the two depth limiting devices are respectively arranged at two sides of the bottom of the weeding device.
Preferably, the weeding depth adjusting and controlling device comprises an adjusting rod, an adjusting plate, an adjusting handle, a dial, a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate, a third supporting plate and a side plate, wherein one end of the adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting handle, the other end of the adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting rod, the adjusting rod is connected with the first supporting plate, two ends of the first supporting plate are respectively connected with the second supporting plate and the third supporting plate, the middle of the first supporting plate is connected with the adjusting rod, the third supporting plate is connected with the side plate, and the side plate is connected with the weeding device.
Preferably, the inter-row weeding device uses weeding wheels as weeding units, the weeding wheels comprise weeding rake teeth, weeding wheel discs, fixing seats and sleeves, the weeding rake teeth are arranged in a staggered mode along the circumferential direction of the weeding wheels and are arranged on the fixing seats, the fixing seats are fixed on the weeding wheel discs, and the sleeves penetrate through the weeding wheel discs to be fixed on side plates on two sides.
Preferably, the inter-plant weeding device uses weeding teeth as weeding units, and comprises spring teeth, a fixed plate, a rotating wheel and a rotor, wherein the rotor and the spring teeth are arranged on the fixed plate, and the rotating wheel is fixed on a transmission shaft and provided with a spiral chute in the middle.
Preferably, the travelling wheels of the travelling device are rubber narrow wheels with anti-slip teeth, the diameter of the travelling front wheels is 680mm, the wheel width is 46mm, the diameter of the travelling rear wheels is 900mm, and the wheel width is 125mm.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: 1. the weeding device is provided with inter-row and inter-plant weeding systems, and when the weeding machine works, weeds between the rows and between the plants in a paddy field can be removed at the same time, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the labor force is saved;
2. the inter-row weeding units of the weeding device are weeding wheels, and when in operation, weeding rake teeth rotate around weeding wheel discs to bring paddy field weeds out of the water surface or press the paddy field weeds into the soil, so that the paddy field weeds are removed, and meanwhile, the paddy field soil is stirred, so that synchronous completion of intertillage weeding operation is realized;
3. the walking wheel of the walking device adopts a narrow wheel with anti-slip teeth, so that the occurrence of the conditions of crushing the root system of seedlings and slipping is reduced when the walking device walks in paddy fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a weeding apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an inter-row weeding unit of the weeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of an inter-plant weeding unit of the weeding apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an inter-plant weeding unit of the weeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a detailed view of an inter-plant weeding unit of the weeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a walking support wheel of the weeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of an inter-row herbicidal apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a weed control apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a depth limiting device according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a frame; 2. a walking device; 3. a depth limiting device; 4. a weeding device; 5. weeding depth adjusting and controlling device; 6. a hydraulic cylinder; 7. a power supply; 21. a seat; 22. a walking adjusting handle; 23. a steering wheel; 24. a walking rear wheel; 25. a walking front wheel; 26. a gasoline engine; 31. a depth limiting plate; 32. anti-winding knife; 401. an inter-row weeding device; 402. an inter-plant weeding device; 41. weeding wheels; 42. a walking support wheel; 43. a scraper; 44. weeding teeth; 45. a circular shaft; 46. a square shaft; 47. a gearbox; 411. weeding rake teeth; 412. a fixing seat; 413. a sleeve; 414. weeding wheel discs; 421. a support wheel; 422. a support base; 423. a support rod; 441. a fixing plate; 442. a rotor; 443. a rotating wheel; 444. spring teeth; 51. an adjusting rod; 52. an adjusting plate; 53. an adjusting handle; 54. a dial; 55. a first support plate; 56. a second support plate; 57. a third support plate; 58. and a side plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a paddy field cultivation weeding machine as shown in the figure, which comprises a frame 1, a traveling device 2, a depth limiting device 3, a weeding device 4 and a weeding depth adjusting control device 5, wherein the tail end of the frame 1 is provided with a gasoline engine 26, the lower part of the middle part of the frame 1 is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 6, the lower part of the front end of the frame 1 is provided with a power supply 7, the hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with the weeding device 4, one side of the gasoline engine 26 is provided with a seat 21, the upper part of the gasoline engine 26 is provided with a steering wheel 23, the right side of the steering wheel 23 is provided with a traveling adjusting handle 22, the lower part of the traveling adjusting handle 22 is provided with a gearbox 47, the traveling device 2 comprises a traveling rear wheel 24 and a traveling front wheel 25, the depth limiting device 3 comprises a winding preventing cutter 32 and a depth limiting plate 31, the depth limiting device 3 is arranged below the front end of the weeding device 4, the weeding device 4 is arranged below the front end of the frame 1, the rear of the weeding device 4 is provided with a scraping plate 43, two sides of the weeding device 4 are respectively provided with a traveling supporting wheel 42, the supporting wheel 423 and the depth adjusting device 5 are arranged inside the supporting seat 423. In addition, the transmission shaft of the traveling rear wheel 24 of the traveling device 2 is in meshed connection with the output shaft of the gasoline engine 26, the steering wheel 23 is in meshed connection with the steering shaft of the traveling device 2, the gasoline engine 26 is a power source of the whole weeding machine, the traveling device 2 is powered by the gasoline engine 26 to drive the intertillage weeding machine to travel, power is provided for the weeding device 4, and the steering wheel 23 controls the left and right steering of the traveling device 2. The weeding device 4 comprises an inter-row weeding device 401 and an inter-plant weeding device 402, the inter-row weeding device 401 is connected with the square shaft 46 in a meshed mode, and the inter-plant weeding device 402 is connected with the circular shaft 45 in a meshed mode, so that inter-row weeding and inter-plant weeding can be performed simultaneously. The two depth limiting devices 3 are arranged in total, the two depth limiting devices 3 are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the weeding device 4, and the weeding penetration depth of the weeding device 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the depth limiting devices 3. The weeding depth adjusting and controlling device 5 comprises an adjusting rod 51, an adjusting plate 52, an adjusting handle 53, a dial 54, a first support plate 55, a second support plate 56, a third support plate 57 and a side plate 58, wherein one end of the adjusting plate 52 is connected with the adjusting handle 53, the other end of the adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting rod 51, the adjusting rod 51 is connected with the first support plate 55, two ends of the first support plate 55 are respectively connected with the second support plate 56 and the third support plate 57, the middle of the first support plate 55 is connected with the adjusting rod 51, the third support plate 57 is connected with the side plate 58, the side plate 58 is connected with the weeding device 4, the position of the adjusting handle 53 on the dial 54 is changed, the adjusting plate 52 is driven to rotate, lifting or pulling down of the adjusting rod 51 is caused, the first support plate 55 is driven to rotate around the adjusting rod 51, the third support plate 57 is driven to move up and down, and the side plate 58 is driven to move up and down, so that the weeding device 4 is driven to move up and down, and the penetration depth of the weeding device 4 is controlled. The inter-row weeding device 401 uses weeding wheel 41 as weeding unit, weeding wheel 41 includes weeding rake teeth 411, weeding rim plate 414, fixing base 412 and sleeve 413, weeding rake teeth 411 are along weeding wheel 41 circumference staggered and weeding rake teeth 411 are installed on fixing base 412, fixing base 412 is fixed on weeding rim plate 414, sleeve 413 runs through weeding rim plate 414 and fixes on the curb plate 58 of both sides, sleeve 413 gives weeding wheel 41 with the power transmission of transmission shaft, accomplishes the rotatory operation of intertillage weeding. The inter-plant weeding device 402 takes weeding teeth 44 as weeding units, and comprises spring teeth 444, a fixed plate 441, a rotating wheel 443 and a rotor 442, wherein the rotor 442 and the spring teeth 444 are arranged on the fixed plate 441, the rotating wheel 443 is fixed on a transmission shaft, a spiral chute is arranged in the middle of the rotating wheel 443, the rotor 442 rotates in the spiral chute relative to the rotating wheel 443, the spring teeth 444 are driven to swing left and right, the maximum swing amplitude of the spring teeth 444 is 14mm, during operation, the spring teeth 444 swing left and right between crop plants, and the spring teeth 444 reciprocate left and right between the crop plants to stretch off or scratch weed roots, so that inter-plant weeding operation is completed. The travelling wheel of the travelling device 2 is a rubber narrow wheel with anti-slip teeth, the diameter of the travelling front wheel 25 is 680mm, the wheel width is 46mm, the diameter of the travelling rear wheel 24 is 900mm, the wheel width is 125mm, and the travelling wheel has small groove mark, does not hurt seedlings and effectively prevents slipping when travelling in the field. Further, the depth limiting device 3 comprises a winding preventing knife 32 and a depth limiting plate 31, so that the equipment is effectively prevented from penetrating into the soil too deeply and meanwhile weeds are prevented from winding. The rear of the weeding device 4 is provided with a scraping plate 43, and the paddy field is leveled after weeding by intertillage of weeding wheels. The hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with the weeding device 4, and the relative position of the weeding device 4 can be controlled by changing the expansion and contraction amount of the hydraulic cylinder 6. The walking adjusting handle 22 is arranged below the steering wheel 23, and the advancing mode of the cultivator can be changed by changing the position of the walking adjusting handle 22, so that the cultivator can advance or retreat.
Working principle: when the paddy field cultivation weeding machine works, the gasoline engine 26 is a power source of the whole weeding machine, and the walking device 2 transmits power by the gasoline engine 26 to drive the cultivation weeding machine to walk. The gasoline engine 26 transmits power to the gearbox 47 through the rear wheel transmission shaft, and then transmits the power to the walking rear wheels 24 to drive the walking rear wheels 24 to walk. The gasoline engine 26 transmits power to the gear box through the front wheel transmission shaft, and then transmits the power to the walking front wheels 25 to drive the walking front wheels 25 to walk. The travel adjusting handle 22 is operated to realize the forward or backward movement of the weeding machine, and the speed can be changed. Turning the steering wheel 23 can change the advancing direction of the traveling front wheels 25, thereby completing the steering of the cultivator.
The frame 1 and the weeding device 4 are connected through a hydraulic cylinder 6. When the weeding machine walks on the flat ground, the weeding device 4 is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder 6 and is far away from the ground, and weeding operation is not performed. When the weeding machine enters the field operation, the telescopic quantity of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is regulated, and the weeding device 4 is placed at a proper position to perform weeding operation. The gasoline engine 26 transmits power to a gearbox 47 in the weeding device 4 through a weeding transmission shaft, the gearbox 47 distributes power to the inter-row weeding device 401 through a square shaft 46, and distributes power to the inter-plant weeding device 402 through a circular shaft 45. The inter-row weeding apparatus 401 is connected to the square shaft 46 through a sleeve 413. The square shaft 46 drives the sleeve 413 to rotate, power is transmitted to the weeding wheel 41, and the weeding wheel 41 is driven to rotate, so that inter-row weeding operation of the intertillage weeding machine is realized. The inter-plant weeding device is connected with the circular shaft 45 through a rotary wheel 443. The rotor 442 rotates in the spout on the runner 443, and rotor 442 and bullet tooth 444 are fixed on fixed plate 441, and the circular shaft 45 drives the runner 443 to rotate to drive bullet tooth 444 and swing about, and bullet tooth 444 maximum swing range is 14mm, and the bullet tooth 444 is the left and right swing between the crop plant during operation, and through bullet tooth 444 reciprocating motion about between the crop plant, the weedy root is broken or scratched, accomplishes the weeding operation between the plant.
The rear of the weeding device 4 is provided with a scraping plate 43, and after the weeding operation is carried out in the weeding device 4, the disturbed paddy field soil is leveled.
The weeding depth adjusting and controlling device 5 is arranged in the weeding device 4, one end of the adjusting plate 52 is connected with the adjusting handle 53, the other end of the adjusting plate 52 is connected with the adjusting rod 51, the adjusting rod 51 is connected with the first supporting plate 55, two ends of the first supporting plate 55 are respectively connected with the second supporting plate 56 and the third supporting plate 57, the middle of the first supporting plate 55 is connected with the adjusting rod 51, the third supporting plate 57 is connected with the side plate 58, the side plate 58 is connected with the weeding device 4, the position of the adjusting handle 53 on the dial 54 is changed, the adjusting plate 52 is driven to rotate, lifting or pulling down of the adjusting rod 51 is caused, the first supporting plate 55 is driven to rotate around the adjusting rod 51, the third supporting plate 57 is driven to move up and down, and the side plate 58 is driven to move up and down, so that the weeding device 4 is driven to control the soil entering depth of the weeding device 4.
After the weeding operation is completed, the relative position of the weeding device 4 can be changed by controlling the expansion and contraction amount of the hydraulic cylinder 6 without the need of the weeding device 4 to enter soil
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a paddy field cultivation weeder, includes frame (1), running gear (2), limit dark device (3), weeding device (4) and weeding degree of depth regulation controlling means (5), its characterized in that: the tail end of the stand (1) is provided with a gasoline engine (26), the lower part of the middle part of the stand (1) is provided with a hydraulic cylinder (6), a power supply (7) is arranged below the front end of the frame (1), the hydraulic cylinder (6) is fixedly connected with the weeding device (4), one side of the gasoline engine (26) is provided with a seat (21), a steering wheel (23) is arranged above the gasoline engine (26), a walking adjusting handle (22) is arranged on the right side of the steering wheel (23), a gearbox (47) is arranged below the walking adjusting handle (22), the walking device (2) comprises a walking rear wheel (24) and a walking front wheel (25), the depth limiting device (3) comprises an anti-winding knife (32) and a depth limiting plate (31), the depth limiting device (3) is arranged below the front end of the weeding device (4), the weeding device (4) is arranged below the front end of the frame (1), a scraping plate (43) is arranged behind the weeding device (4), walking supporting wheels (42) are arranged on two sides of the weeding device (4), the walking supporting wheel (42) comprises a supporting wheel (421), a supporting seat (422) and a supporting rod (423), the weeding depth adjusting and controlling device (5) is arranged in the weeding device (4);
the transmission shaft of a traveling rear wheel (24) of the traveling device (2) is in meshed connection with the output shaft of the gasoline engine (26), and the steering wheel (23) is in meshed connection with the steering shaft of the traveling device (2);
the weeding device (4) comprises an inter-row weeding device (401) and an inter-plant weeding device (402), the inter-row weeding device (401) is connected with a square shaft (46) in a meshed mode, and the inter-plant weeding device (402) is connected with a circular shaft (45) in a meshed mode.
2. A paddy field cultivation weeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two depth limiting devices (3) are arranged in total, and the two depth limiting devices (3) are respectively arranged at two sides of the bottom of the weeding device (4).
3. A paddy field cultivation weeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weeding depth adjustment control device (5) comprises an adjusting rod (51), an adjusting plate (52), an adjusting handle (53), a dial (54), a first supporting plate (55), a second supporting plate (56), a third supporting plate (57) and a side plate (58), wherein one end of the adjusting plate (52) is connected with the adjusting handle (53), the other end of the adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting rod (51), the adjusting rod (51) is connected with the first supporting plate (55), two ends of the first supporting plate (55) are respectively connected with the second supporting plate (56) and the third supporting plate (57), the middle of the adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting rod (51), the third supporting plate (57) is connected with the side plate (58), and the side plate (58) is connected with the weeding device (4).
4. A paddy field cultivation weeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inter-row weeding device (401) uses weeding wheel (41) as weeding unit, weeding wheel (41) include weeding rake teeth (411), weeding rim plate (414), fixing base (412) and sleeve (413), weeding rake teeth (411) are along weeding wheel (41) circumference staggered and weeding rake teeth (411) are installed on fixing base (412), fixing base (412) are fixed on weeding rim plate (414), sleeve (413) runs through weeding rim plate (414) and fixes on curb plate (58) of both sides.
5. A paddy field cultivation weeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inter-plant weeding device (402) uses weeding teeth (44) as weeding units, and comprises spring teeth (444), a fixed plate (441), a rotating wheel (443) and a rotor (442), wherein the rotor (442) and the spring teeth (444) are arranged on the fixed plate (441), the rotating wheel (443) is fixed on a transmission shaft, and a spiral chute is arranged in the middle of the rotating wheel (443).
6. A paddy field cultivation weeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the travelling wheel of the travelling device (2) is a rubber narrow wheel with anti-slip teeth, the diameter of a travelling front wheel (25) is 680mm, the wheel width is 46mm, the diameter of a travelling rear wheel (24) is 900mm, and the wheel width is 125mm.
CN201910624258.1A 2019-07-11 2019-07-11 Paddy field cultivation weeder Active CN110291857B (en)

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复合式水稻田除草机的设计与试验;赵柳霖;齐龙;马旭;郑文汉;林少敏;王聪;陈彬;;农机化研究(第03期);全文 *
新型水田中耕除草机械的设计研究;张家源;王蔚;李卓霖;徐伟利;谭宏杰;;内燃机与配件(第14期);全文 *
自走式前胡除草机的设计与试验;娄帅帅;曹成茂;丁冉;詹超;胡梦柯;;农机化研究(第09期);全文 *

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