CN110289424B - Preparation method of MOF (Metal organic framework) derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of MOF (Metal organic framework) derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an MOF derived carbon and cellular porous carbon composite material. The method takes cheap glucose, dicyandiamide, non-noble metal salt and dimethyl imidazole as raw materials, and has the advantage of low cost; the composite material prepared by the method can utilize the space structure advantage of the honeycomb porous carbon material, combines the MOF derived carbon loaded on the pore wall, introduces various metal and nonmetal doping sites into the porous material through the regulation and control of the types of metal ions and organic ligands in the MOF, and is beneficial to improving the reaction activity and mass transfer advantage of the composite material in electrochemical reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of carbon materials, and particularly relates to a composite material with a MOF-derived carbon layer loaded on the surface of a honeycomb porous carbon material. The material can be applied to the fields of fuel cells, metal air cells, lithium ion cells, solid-state lithium cells and the like.
Background
The carbon material is widely applied to the fields of lithium ion batteries, fuel batteries, metal air batteries, solid lithium batteries, lithium sulfur batteries and adsorption separation. The honeycomb porous carbon material is a carbon material with a honeycomb-like ordered porous structure formed by relatively and orderly connecting carbon sheets/graphene walls in a three-dimensional space, and is a bionic carbon material with an excellent structure. When the material is used as a catalyst material or an electrode base material, the micropores in the cellular porous carbon material can obviously improve the specific surface area of the material, and the macropores and the mesoporous structure are favorable for providing an internal rapid substance transmission channel. The problem that the mass transfer channel is easily blocked when the traditional activated carbon, the one-dimensional nano carbon nanotube, the two-dimensional graphene and the non-ordered three-dimensional carbon material are stacked for use is well solved. At present, the cellular porous carbon material may be prepared by mixing SiO 2 Ball, molecular sieve, surfactant and sodium chloride crystalCoating/adsorbing organic matter with template, carbonizing and washing to obtain the product. However, in many application fields, due to the limitation of the catalytic activity or chemical reaction capacity of the carbon material itself, element doping modification and the like needs to be performed in the channel carbon walls of the honeycomb porous carbon material so as to improve the activity and selectivity of the target reaction. In patent CN109244489a, a layer of MOFs material is grown on the surface of a one-dimensional carbon nanotube by a surfactant-assisted dispersion method. The utilization efficiency of the material surface is increased and active sites are introduced, but the space efficiency of the whole material is not high due to the limitation of the one-dimensional substrate material. Documents Advanced Materials 2018, 30 (30), 1802011 report a composite material in which ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes are loaded on two-dimensional graphene, but due to the planar property of the two-dimensional material, the space utilization rate is not high. Patent CN201811045264.3 reports preparation of a three-dimensional graphene-loaded CoCu-MOF composite electrocatalyst, but from a scanning electron microscope image, three-dimensional graphene is not an ordered porous structure, so that the intrinsic advantages of a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional ordered porous carbon material are absent, and meanwhile, two-dimensional MOFs disordered stacking for growth is not beneficial to exposure of active sites and material transmission.
In summary, in the prior reported literature and patents, the prior composite materials of MOF-derived carbon and one-dimensional or two-dimensional or three-dimensional carbon do not exert the advantages of the MOF-derived carbon and the honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material (MOF-derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped porous carbon composite material) loaded with MOF-derived carbon and a preparation method thereof.
The core technical characteristic of the MOF derived carbon/honeycomb porous carbon composite material is that an MOF derived carbon layer is loaded on the carbon wall of a honeycomb porous carbon material in situ. The method for preparing the material comprises the following steps: firstly, using organic matter containing carbon and nitrogen as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, using a NaCl template as a template agent, using metal salt as a carbonization catalyst, and obtaining a precursor of organic matter coated sodium chloride superfine crystal by a freeze-drying method; then preparing the honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon material by a high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization method; and uniformly growing a layer of MOF on the carbon wall of the porous carbon material by a solvothermal method. And finally, carrying out secondary pyrolysis on the honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon material @ MOF composite material to obtain the ordered porous carbon material uniformly loaded with the MOF derived carbon layer. Specifically, the MOF-derived carbon/porous honeycomb carbon composite material of the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
(1) Adding glucose, dicyandiamide and ferric chloride (or cobalt chloride and nickel chloride) into a saturated sodium chloride solution according to the mass ratio of 100 to 1000 to 1 to 10, stirring uniformly, pouring liquid nitrogen into the mixture for quick freezing, and putting the mixture into a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain a carbon material precursor.
(2) And (3) carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization in a tubular furnace under the argon atmosphere of the obtained precursor, firstly heating to a certain temperature within the range of 450-600 ℃ at the speed of 2-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min-3 h, then heating to a certain temperature within the range of 800-1000 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 h. And cooling the pyrolyzed carbon material to room temperature, soaking and removing a template agent sodium chloride by using deionized water or 0.5M H2SO4 solution, and then performing suction filtration to obtain the honeycomb-shaped porous carbon material.
(3) Adding the cellular porous carbon material into the Cu (NO) dissolved in the cellular porous carbon material 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O、Co(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O or Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 •6H 2 Soaking one or two metal salts in O in a methanol solution for 1 to 6 hours, adding a methanol solution of 2-methylimidazole (or terephthalic acid), adding the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, reacting at 90 to 150 ℃ for 3 to 24 hours, cooling to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration, methanol washing and drying to obtain the porous carbon composite material loaded with the MOF on the carbon wall.
(4) Heating the porous carbon composite material loaded with the MOF to a certain temperature within the range of 600-1100 ℃ at the speed of 2-10 ℃/min, carrying out constant-temperature heat treatment for 1-6 h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the MOF-loaded derivative carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material.
The various specific chemical names in parentheses above are intended to give specific examples only and are not intended to be limiting.
The invention has the following positive effects: (1) Reagents used in the whole preparation process are cheap reagents such as non-noble metal salt, glucose, dicyandiamide and the like, no noble metal or other auxiliary agents such as surfactants are added, and the overall synthesis cost and the raw material cost of the material are low; (2) The honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon material in the composite material can promote the transfer of reactants and products and provides a high-conductivity electron transfer carrier; (3) By adopting the method, the types and the contents of the metal ions and organic ligands for loading the MOF can be conveniently regulated, so that different active sites can be introduced into a composite material system. (4) The MOF-derived carbon/honeycomb-like derived carbon and the preparation method thereof can also be popularized to the preparation of composite materials of other three-dimensional porous substrates and MOF-derived carbon.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a honeycomb porous carbon material used in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of the MOF-derived carbon/porous cellular carbon composite obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to better explain the technical features of the present invention, the following description is given by way of specific examples.
Example 1
Adding 90 ml saturated sodium chloride solution into beaker, adding 4 g glucose, 4 g dicyandiamide and 80 mg FeCl respectively 3 •6H 2 And O, fully stirring to form a uniform orange solution. After the solution was cooled instantaneously by adding liquid nitrogen, it was freeze-dried in a freeze-dryer for 24h to obtain a solid powdery precursor. Adding the precursor into a porcelain boatPyrolyzing in argon atmosphere at 5 deg.C/min to 550 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 1 h, heating at 5 deg.C/min to 900 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 900 deg.C at 2h, and naturally cooling. The resulting black solid was washed with 0.5M H 2 SO 4 Soaking in 6h, performing suction filtration, washing with deionized water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 12 h to obtain the cellular porous carbon material, wherein an SEM picture is shown in figure 1. Then 100 mg honeycomb porous carbon material was mixed with 50 mg Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O, 300 mg Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O is mixed in 100 ml methanol and slowly stirred for 7 h, then 100 ml methanol solution in which 530 mg of 2-methylimidazole is dissolved is poured into the carbon substrate metal solution, the mixture is stirred for 5 min and then reacts for 4h at 120 ℃, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the mixture is subjected to methanol suction filtration and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 12 h, and then the CuZn-MOF/honeycomb porous carbon composite material is obtained. Pouring 200 mg of CuZn-MOF/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material into a porcelain boat, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under an argon atmosphere for high-temperature pyrolysis, keeping the temperature constant at 3h, and naturally cooling to obtain the CuZn-MOF-derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material. FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the MOF-derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material (Cu-ZIF-8@C) obtained in the present invention. CuZn-MOF derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material is used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction of the anode of a fuel cell and a metal-air cell, and the half-wave potential reference reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) is 0.86V which is higher than a commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Example 2
The preparation process of the cellular porous carbon was the same as that of example 1, and 200 mg cellular porous carbon material was mixed with 100 mg Co (NO) 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O, 500 mg Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O is mixed in 100 ml methanol and slowly stirred for 7 h, then 100 ml methanol solution in which 670 mg 2-methylimidazole is dissolved is poured into the carbon substrate metal solution, the mixture is stirred for 5 min and then reacts for 6h under the condition of 110 ℃, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the mixture is subjected to methanol suction filtration and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 12 h, and then the CoZn-MOF/honeycomb porous carbon composite material is obtained. Pouring 300 mg of CuZn-MOF/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material into a porcelain boat, and then pouring 5 mg of CuZn-MOF/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material into the porcelain boat in an argon atmosphereRaising the temperature to 900 ℃ per min for high-temperature pyrolysis, keeping the temperature constant at 3h, and naturally cooling to obtain the CoZn-MOF derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material. The CoZn-MOF derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material is used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction of the anode of a fuel cell and a metal-air cell, and the half-wave potential reference reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) is 0.86V which is higher than a commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Example 3
The preparation process of the cellular porous carbon was the same as that of example 1, and 200 mg cellular porous carbon material was mixed with 100 mg Co (NO) 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O, 500 mg Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O is mixed in 100 ml methanol and slowly stirred for 7 h, then 100 ml methanol solution in which 670 mg 2-methylimidazole is dissolved is poured into the carbon substrate metal solution, the mixture is stirred for 5 min and then reacts for 6h under the condition of 110 ℃, after the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the mixture is subjected to methanol suction filtration and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 12 h, and then the CoZn-MOF/honeycomb porous carbon composite material is obtained. Pouring 300 mg of CuZn-MOF/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material into a porcelain boat, heating to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere for high-temperature pyrolysis, keeping the temperature constant at 3h, and naturally cooling to obtain the CoZn-MOF-derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material. The CoZn-MOF derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material is used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction of the anode of a fuel cell and a metal-air cell, and the half-wave potential reference reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) of the CoZn-MOF derived carbon/honeycomb-shaped ordered porous carbon composite material is 0.88V which is higher than a commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of MOF derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material used as an oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: MOF is loaded on a three-dimensional cellular porous carbon structure in situ, then the MOF is carbonized through high-temperature pyrolysis to obtain a three-dimensional cellular porous carbon composite material loaded with MOF derived carbon, and the material is applied to electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction, and the specific preparation method of the material is as follows:
(1) Adding glucose, dicyandiamide and ferric chloride hexahydrate into a saturated sodium chloride solution according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, pouring liquid nitrogen for quick freezing, and then putting into a freeze dryer for freeze-drying to obtain a carbon material precursor;
(2) Carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization on the obtained precursor in a tubular furnace in an argon atmosphere, firstly heating to 450-600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 min-3 h, then heating to 800-1000 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, cooling the pyrolyzed carbon material to room temperature, and then using deionized water or 0.5M H 2 SO 4 Soaking the solution to remove the template agent sodium chloride, and then performing suction filtration to obtain a three-dimensional porous carbon material;
(3) Adding a three-dimensional porous carbon material into a methanol solution dissolved with transition metal salt, then adding a methanol solution of 2-methylimidazole or terephthalic acid, adding the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, reacting at 90-150 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a three-dimensional porous carbon composite material loaded with MOF on a carbon wall;
(4) And (3) heating the porous carbon composite material loaded with the MOF to 600-1100 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature heat treatment for 1-6 h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the MOF derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material.
2. The application of the MOF-derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material as an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in claim 1, wherein the composite material can utilize the space structure advantage of a three-dimensional honeycomb porous carbon material, combine MOF-derived carbon loaded on the pore walls, and introduce various metal and nonmetal doping sites into the porous material through the regulation and control of the types of metal ions and organic ligands in MOF, so as to be beneficial to improving the reaction activity and mass transfer advantage of the composite material in electrochemical reaction.
3. A process for the preparation of a MOF derived carbon and porous cellular carbon composite as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction according to claim 1 wherein the ferric chloride in step (1) is replaced by cobalt chloride or nickel chloride.
4. An MOF-derived carbon as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction of claim 1The preparation method of the cellular porous carbon composite material is characterized in that the transition metal salt is Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O、Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O、Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O or Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 One or two of O.
5. The preparation method of the MOF-derived carbon and honeycomb porous carbon composite material as the oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in claim 1 is applied to oxygen reduction reaction of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and metal air cells.
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