CN110263452A - Flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method, system and denitrating system in a kind of flue - Google Patents
Flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method, system and denitrating system in a kind of flue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method, system and denitrating system in a kind of flue, and the method includes the steps the gross datas for determining boiler smoke parameter；Establish Gas Parameters changing rule model；Obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas of Gas Parameters changing rule model and determination that the present invention establishes in flue can be used as SCR denitration system control signal, realize the purpose of accurate control ammonia spraying amount；The parameter that can be analyzed simultaneously for denitration with flue gas all the way provides support, and guarantee analysis is to improve analysis precision with each data of flue gas all the way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of boiler combustion, and in particular to flue gas Annual distribution specificity analysis side in a kind of flue
Method, system and denitrating system.
Background technique
Coal-burning boiler in combustion, generates a large amount of nitrogen oxides.Country has formulated different industries atmosphere pollution
Discharge standard reduces discharged nitrous oxides to meet the discharge standard of atmosphere pollution, and many boilers configure denitrating system.
Large-sized boiler especially coal fired boiler of power plant all uses selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration technology, the technology substantially at present
Benitration reactor is set in flue, and the flue gas that boiler combustion generates passes through the Benitration reactor, because anti-in the denitration
It answers and is provided with catalyst in device, certain reducing agent ammonia (NH is sprayed into flue gas3), under the action of catalyst, the reducing agent NH3
Selectively N is generated with the reaction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas2And H2O, and then achieve the purpose that reduce discharged nitrous oxides.De-
In nitre system, by parameters such as exhaust gas volumn, the nitrous oxides concentrations of monitoring SCR reactor inlet, control sprays into the NH in flue gas3
Amount guarantees denitration efficiency；By monitoring SCR reactor outlet parameter (flue gas nitrogen oxide concentration and ammonia slip concentration etc.), prison
Superintend and direct spray ammonia situation.The advantages of technology has technical maturity, adaptable, and denitration efficiency is high, relative low price.
Country's denitrating system sprays ammonia automatically and mainly passes through control ammonia nitrogen molar ratio or control outlet nitrous oxides concentration at present
Mode, i.e., according to SCR reactor inlet nitrous oxides concentration and flue gas flow, the NH that is chemically reacted needed for calculating3Amount, from
And spray ammonia regulating valve is controlled, or by exporting nitrous oxides concentration detection to denitration SCR, adjust ammonia spraying amount.In actual motion
In, due to flue gas characteristic and measurement, nitrous oxides concentration measurement needs 3-5 minutes, and flue gas passes through denitration SCR reactor
More than ten seconds time is only needed, the nitrous oxides concentration measured much lags behind denitration actual motion concentration, therefore, causes to spray
Ammonia amount is not consistent with actual condition, causes spray ammonia excessive or spray ammonia deficiency.Ammonia spraying amount is too low, and denitration efficiency is low, nitrogen oxides row
It puts exceeded, brings environmental pollution；Ammonia spraying amount is excessive, and the sulfur trioxide in the ammonia and flue gas of reactor outlet escape occurs anti-
It answers, generates ammonium hydrogen sulfate, be easy the deposition in denitration upstream device sky is expected, bring station service power consumption rate to increase, influence unit generation
Load, or even cause to shut down the consequence cleared up, and spray ammonia excess, it also will cause the waste of unit denitrfying agent, less economical, catalysis
The problems such as agent performance declines.
The currently used method of problems is solved first is that cancel denitration sprays ammonia control automatically, using the side of manual adjustment
Formula, but the sense of responsibility and professional skill of actual motion effect and operator have much relations, and increase workload.It is another
Method is that unit carries out automatic spray ammonia transformation, by realizing to feed-forward techniques such as denitrating system inlet nitrogen oxides concentration predictions
Ammonia adjustment is sprayed to denitration SCR in advance, denitration caused by as the problems such as measurement delay is reduced and sprays ammonia error.
Such as application No. is 201710002535.6 applications for a patent for invention to disclose a kind of SCR based on Intelligent Feed-forward signal
Denitrating system ammonia spraying amount Optimal Control System and method, based on thermal power plant's historical data, using the thought of data modeling,
Least square method supporting vector machine algorithm is utilized using furnace outlet NOx concentration as output using boiler side adjustable parameter as input
Prediction model is constructed, which can be used to construct the Intelligent Feed-forward controller in ammonia spraying amount control strategy.With dynamic matrix control
Be made as master controller, PID is submaster controller, construct tandem feedback control structure, in operational process, Intelligent Feed-forward controller according to
The Parameters variation of boiler side exports feed-forward control signals, the variation of quick response unit operating condition, with the common structure of feedback control in real time
At SCR system ammonia spraying amount Optimal Control Strategy, the quick and precisely control of ammonia spraying amount is realized.But this method is only adjustable with burner hearth side
Parameter is not predicted other Gas Parameters such as flue gas flow, together as input using furnace outlet NOx concentration as output
When do not consider influence Gas Parameters other factors, can not also determine Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides flue gas Annual distribution specificity analysis sides in a kind of flue
Method, system and denitrating system can determine Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue, and then be denitration control and denitration point
Analysis provides more accurate information.
Flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in a kind of flue, comprising steps of
Determine the data of boiler smoke parameter；
Establish Gas Parameters changing rule model；
Obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
Preferably, the boiler smoke parameter includes flue gas flow, nitrous oxides concentration, in formation of nitrogen oxides
It is at least one.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, determine the flue gas flow comprising steps of
Determine mean carbon content and fire coal ash quantity percentage b and excess air coefficient apy in lime-ash；
Theoretical dry air amount Vgkb is determined according to the b；
Theoretical dry flue gas amount Vgyb is determined according to the Vgkb；
Dry flue gas amount is determined according to the theoretical dry air amount, the theoretical dry flue gas amount and the excess air coefficient
Vgy；
The volume VH2O of vapor in flue gas is determined according to the theoretical dry air amount and the excess air coefficient；
Determine the flue gas flow.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and is surveyed according to denitration SCR reactor inlet position nitrous oxides concentration detection device
The data obtained determine the nitrous oxides concentration.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and determines institute according to the fixed flue gas flow and the nitrous oxides concentration
State formation of nitrogen oxides.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, establish Gas Parameters changing rule model comprising steps of
The factor for influencing Gas Parameters when boiler combustion is analyzed using grey Relational Analysis Method, determines maximum shadow
Ring set of factors；
Each shadow in Gas Parameters and the biggest impact set of factors is determined using least square method supporting vector machine (LSSVM) method
Relationship between the factor of sound, obtains Gas Parameters changing rule model.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the factor that Gas Parameters are influenced when the boiler combustion includes unit load, total
It is coal amount, coal quality, total blast volume, heat primary air air quantity, heat primary air air quantity main-piping pressure, heat primary air air quantity throttle opening, secondary
The pressure of bellows, every layer of secondary air damper aperture, every layer of SOFA windshield plate aperture, primary air fan electric current, pressure fan electric current, air-introduced machine
Electric current, boiler oxygen amount, mill combination, every coal-grinding machine-made egg-shaped or honey-comb coal briquets amount, every coal-grinding fan delivery, confluent, feed temperature, desuperheating water
Amount, Stream temperature degree, main vapour pressure, reheat steam temperature, reheated steam pressure, denitration entrance flue gas temperature, economizer are superfluous empty
At least one of gas coefficient.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, using grey Relational Analysis Method on when boiler combustion influence Gas Parameters because
Element is analyzed, determine biggest impact set of factors comprising steps of
The N number of influence factor of whole that Gas Parameters are influenced when boiler combustion is inputted, wherein the N is natural number；
It determines with reference to influence factor data column and several relatively influence factor data column；
Nondimensionalization processing is carried out to the history data of all N number of influence factors；
According to nondimensionalization treated history data calculating compare influence factor data column with reference to influence factor
Incidence coefficient between data column；
It calculates the degree of association compared between influence factor and reference influence factor and the degree of association is ranked up；
According to relational degree taxis as a result, determining biggest impact set of factors.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and first M relatively influence factor for taking the degree of association high forms biggest impact set of factors,
Wherein M is natural number and M≤N.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, given threshold K1 and K2 and K2 >=01 >=K1 >, and the degree of association is more than or equal to K1's
The maximum relatively influence factor of the degree of association is taken to be less than K1 with the degree of association and be greater than the every other of K2 in all relatively influence factors
Compare influence factor and forms the biggest impact set of factors.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the reference influence factor includes flue gas flow or nitrous oxides concentration or nitrogen oxygen
At least one of compound production quantity.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and determines Gas Parameters and the biggest impact using least square method supporting vector machine
Relationship in set of factors between each influence factor further comprises the steps of: before obtaining Gas Parameters changing rule model using level
Analytic approach determines that each influence factor in biggest impact set of factors to the weighing factor of Gas Parameters, and then determines each influence factor
Sequence and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and determines that each influence factor is to cigarette in biggest impact set of factors using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
The weighing factor of gas parameter, and then the sequence for determining each influence factor and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine
Comprising steps of
Hierarchy Model is established, the destination layer of the hierarchy Model is Gas Parameters, and solution layer includes maximum
Influence factor collection.
Construct the biggest impact set of factors judgment matrix；
Each influence factor is calculated in the biggest impact set of factors to the weight of the destination layer；
The sequence for determining each influence factor according to the weight and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine,
The weight of the influence factor is bigger, and the sequence of the influence factor is more forward, the operation in least square method supporting vector machine
Higher grade.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and calculates in the biggest impact set of factors each influence factor to the destination layer
Consistency desired result is carried out after weight.
The determining weight is verified according to Gas Parameters online monitoring data, if error is in the threshold value model of setting
In enclosing, the weight is met the requirements, if threshold range of the error beyond setting, adjusts the weight, until it meets the requirements.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the online monitoring data includes flue gas flow, nitrous oxides concentration, nitrogen oxidation
At least one of object production quantity monitoring data.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, using each factor in the Gas Parameters and its corresponding biggest impact set of factors
Historical operating parameter the least square method supporting vector machine is trained and is verified, obtain the Gas Parameters changing rule
Model.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and determines formation of nitrogen oxides changing rule model according to the method, or
After determining flue gas flow changing rule model and nitrous oxides concentration changing rule model, according to formation of nitrogen oxides=nitrogen
Oxide concentration * flue gas flow determines formation of nitrogen oxides changing rule model.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, according to the Gas Parameters changing rule model, flue gas in Benitration reactor
And flow behavior, flue geometry in the flue of front and back, the flow distribution of flue gas is calculated, time of the flue gas in flue is obtained
Distribution character.
The present invention also provides flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis systems in a kind of flue, the system comprises processor and deposit
Storage media is stored with program in the storage medium, and described program is run by the processor, and described program executes the flue
Interior flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method, the method includes the steps:
Determine the data of boiler smoke parameter；
Establish Gas Parameters changing rule model；
Obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
Preferably, the factor of Gas Parameters is influenced when being also stored with the boiler combustion in the storage medium and its is gone through
History operation data, the factor include unit load, total coal amount, coal quality, total blast volume, heat primary air air quantity, heat primary air air quantity
Main-piping pressure, heat primary air air quantity throttle opening, secondary air box pressure, every layer of secondary air damper aperture, every layer of SOFA windshield plate
It is aperture, primary air fan electric current, pressure fan electric current, air-introduced machine electric current, boiler oxygen amount, mill combination, every coal-grinding machine-made egg-shaped or honey-comb coal briquets amount, every
Platform coal-grinding fan delivery, confluent, feed temperature, spray water flux, Stream temperature degree, main vapour pressure, reheat steam temperature, reheated steam
At least one of pressure, denitration entrance flue gas temperature, economizer excess air coefficient.
Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the system also includes display devices, is connected to the processor, for institute
The various data stated in program operation process are shown.
Another aspect of the invention provides a kind of denitrating system, including SCR reactor and spray ammonia control device, uses institute
State control signal of Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue as the ammonia-gas spraying device, time of the flue gas in flue
Distribution character is determined using flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in the flue.
Preferably, the Annual distribution characteristic according to the flue gas in flue calculates the flue gas and reaches SCR reactor
The time T of entrance determines ammonia spraying amount according to the time T and exhaust gas volumn.
The invention has the benefit that
1, pass through grey Relational Analysis Method when establishing Gas Parameters changing rule model to various influence factors
Remained after being analyzed influence Gas Parameters biggest impact set of factors, while abandoned influence it is small in addition without influence because
Element reduces the dimension for establishing model, reduces calculation amount；
2, flue gas Annual distribution characteristic can be used as SCR denitration system control signal in the flue established, and realize essence
The really purpose of control ammonia spraying amount；
3, flue gas Annual distribution characteristic can be used for carrying out denitration data analysis in the flue established, and guarantee analysis is same
Each data of flue gas all the way, improve analysis precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the process of a preferred embodiment of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue according to the invention is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 2A is the grey relational grade analysis method of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue according to the invention
A preferred embodiment flow diagram.
Fig. 2 B is the grey relational grade analysis method of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue according to the invention
Embodiment as shown in Figure 2 calculate each factor between the degree of association.
Fig. 3 is a preferred reality of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue according to the invention
Apply the schematic diagram of example.
Fig. 4 is that flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method establishes boiler combustion parameter and cigarette in flue according to the invention
The schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of correlation model between gas Parameter Variation.
Fig. 5 is the nitrogen obtained using a preferred embodiment of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis system in flue of the invention
Time distribution curve schematic diagram of the oxide concentration in flue.
Fig. 6 be in flue according to the invention the obtained flue gas of flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue when
Between distribution character be applied to denitration data analysis a preferred embodiment schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.Institute in the present invention
It states flue and refers both to denitration entrance in flue to unit discharge outlet section.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in a kind of flue, comprising steps of
S1, the data for determining boiler smoke parameter；
S2, Gas Parameters changing rule model is established；
S3, Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue is obtained.
In step sl, the boiler smoke parameter includes flue gas flow, nitrous oxides concentration, in formation of nitrogen oxides
At least one.
Determine the flue gas flow comprising steps of
S111, mean carbon content and fire coal ash quantity percentage b and excess air coefficient apy in lime-ash are determined；
S112, theoretical dry air amount Vgkb is determined according to the b；
S113, theoretical dry flue gas amount Vgyb is determined according to the Vgkb；
S114, dry cigarette is determined according to the theoretical dry air amount, the theoretical dry flue gas amount and the excess air coefficient
Tolerance Vgy；
S115, the volume that vapor in flue gas is determined according to the theoretical dry air amount and the excess air coefficient
VH2O；
S116, the flue gas flow is determined.
The nitrogen oxidation is determined according to the data that denitration SCR reactor inlet position nitrous oxides concentration detection device measures
Object concentration；The formation of nitrogen oxides is determined according to the fixed flue gas flow and the nitrous oxides concentration.
Such as a certain type of furnace, determine that the specific steps of flue gas flow include:
It is determined according to formula b=(alz*Clz)/(100-Clz)+(afh*Cfh)/(100-Cfh) average in the lime-ash
Phosphorus content and coal-fired ash quantity percentage b, wherein the alz indicates that clinker accounts for the mass content percentage of coal-fired total ash quantity, it is described
Clz indicates that carbon accounts for the mass content percentage of coal-fired total ash quantity, and the quality that the afh expression flying dust ash quantity accounts for coal-fired total ash quantity contains
Percentage is measured, the Cfh indicates that carbon accounts for the mass content percentage of coal-fired total ash quantity.
The excess air coefficient apy is determined according to formula apy=21/ (21-O2py), wherein the O2py indicates smoke evacuation
Oxygen amount, value are actually detected institute's value.
It is determined according to formula Vgkb=gl.K2/1000* (gl.Qnetar*1000-3.3727*Aar*b) described theoretical dry
Air capacity Vgkb, wherein the gl.K2 indicates the dry air meter determined according to the ashless dry base volatile matter of fuel type and fuel
Coefficient is calculated, specific value is as shown in the table, and the gl.Qnetar indicates every kilogram of fuel low heat valve, unit kJ/kg,
By being analyzed to obtain to as-fired coal matter, the Aar indicates fuel As-received ash content, unit %, by as-fired coal matter
It is analyzed to obtain.
1 dry air amount of table calculates coefficient table
The theoretical dry flue gas amount Vgyb is determined according to formula Vgyb=0.98*Vgkb.
The dry flue gas amount is determined according to formula Vgy=Vgyb+ (apy-1) * Vgkb.
Water in the flue gas is determined according to formula VH2O=1.24* ((9*Har+Mar)/100+0.01293*apy*Vgkb)
The volume VH2O of steam, wherein the Har indicates that coal-fired As-received hydrogen content, unit %, the Mar indicate coal-fired As-received
Quan Shui, unit %.
According to formula flue gas flow=(the volume VH2O of vapor in dry flue gas amount Vgy+ flue gas) * (practical Coal-fired capacity *
1000) * 0.92 the flue gas flow is calculated, the unit of the practical Coal-fired capacity is ton.
In step s 2, establish Gas Parameters changing rule model comprising steps of
S21, the factor for influencing Gas Parameters when boiler combustion is analyzed using grey Relational Analysis Method, is determined most
Big influence factor collection；
S22, determined using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) each influence factor in biggest impact set of factors to the weighing factor of Gas Parameters,
The sequence for determining each influence factor in turn and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine；
S23, determined using least square method supporting vector machine respectively influenced in Gas Parameters and the biggest impact set of factors because
Relationship between element obtains Gas Parameters changing rule model.
Step S21 specifically includes step:
The N number of influence factor of whole that Gas Parameters are influenced when S211, input boiler combustion, wherein the N is natural number；
S212, it determines with reference to influence factor data column and several relatively influence factor data column；
S213, nondimensionalization processing is carried out to the history data of all N number of influence factors；
S214, compared according to nondimensionalization treated history data calculating influence factor data column with reference to influencing
Incidence coefficient between factor data column；
S215, calculating compare the degree of association between influence factor and reference influence factor and are ranked up to the degree of association；
S216, selected according to relational degree taxis result the degree of association it is high it is preceding M relatively influence factor as biggest impact because
Element collection, wherein M is natural number and M≤N.
When the boiler combustion influence Gas Parameters factor include including unit load, total coal amount, coal quality, total blast volume,
Heat primary air air quantity, heat primary air air quantity main-piping pressure, heat primary air air quantity throttle opening, secondary air box pressure, every layer it is secondary
Windshield plate aperture, every layer of SOFA windshield plate aperture, primary air fan electric current, pressure fan electric current, air-introduced machine electric current, boiler oxygen amount, mill
Combination, every coal-grinding machine-made egg-shaped or honey-comb coal briquets amount, every coal-grinding fan delivery, confluent, feed temperature, spray water flux, Stream temperature degree, main vapour
Pressure, reheat steam temperature, reheated steam pressure, denitration entrance flue gas temperature, at least one in economizer excess air coefficient
Kind.
Because SCR denitration reaction device includes the side A and the side B, the denitration entrance flue gas temperature includes that SCR denitration is anti-
Answer device A side entrance flue-gas temperature and the side entrance SCR denitration reaction device B flue-gas temperature.
Step S22 specifically includes step:
S221, hierarchy Model is established, the destination layer of the hierarchy Model is Gas Parameters, and solution layer includes
Biggest impact set of factors.
S222, the construction biggest impact set of factors judgment matrix；
Weight of each influence factor to the destination layer in S223, the calculating biggest impact set of factors；
S224, the sequence that each influence factor is determined according to the weight and its operation in least square method supporting vector machine
The weight of grade, the influence factor is bigger, and the sequence of the influence factor is more forward, in least square method supporting vector machine
Operation higher grade.
Each influence factor is calculated in the biggest impact set of factors to needing to carry out consistency school after the weight of the destination layer
It tests.The determining weight is verified according to Gas Parameters online monitoring data, if error in the threshold range of setting,
The weight is met the requirements, if threshold range of the error beyond setting, adjusts the weight, until it meets the requirements.
In step S23, Gas Parameters and the biggest impact factor are determined using least square method supporting vector machine (LSSVM)
The relationship between each influence factor is concentrated, Gas Parameters changing rule model is obtained.Using the Gas Parameters and its accordingly
The historical operating parameter of each factor is trained and verifies to the least square method supporting vector machine in biggest impact set of factors, obtains
To the Gas Parameters changing rule model.The input of the LSSVM is the value of each factor in the biggest impact set of factors,
Output is the value of the Gas Parameters.
Illustrate exist in view of formation of nitrogen oxides=nitrous oxides concentration * flue gas flow relationship, described in determination
It can be carried out according to above-mentioned steps S1-S21-S22-S23 when formation of nitrogen oxides changing rule model, it can also be according to
Above-mentioned steps S1-S21-S22-S23 determine flue gas flow changing rule model and nitrous oxides concentration changing rule model it
Afterwards, according to formation of nitrogen oxides=nitrous oxides concentration * flue gas flow, formation of nitrogen oxides changing rule model is determined.
In step S3, according to the Gas Parameters changing rule model, flue gas in Benitration reactor and in the flue of front and back
Flow behavior, flue geometry, calculate the flow distribution of flue gas, obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
Embodiment 2
Flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis system in a kind of flue, the system comprises pocessor and storage medias, described
Program is stored in storage medium, described program is run by the processor, and described program executes the flue gas time in the flue
Distribution character analysis method, the method includes the steps:
S1, the data for determining boiler smoke parameter；
S2, Gas Parameters changing rule model is established；
S3, Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue is obtained.
Influenced when being also stored with the boiler combustion in the storage medium formation of nitrogen oxides factor and it is each because
The history data of element, the factor include that unit load, total coal amount, coal quality, total blast volume, heat primary air air quantity, heat are primary
Wind air quantity main-piping pressure, heat primary air air quantity throttle opening, secondary air box pressure, every layer of secondary air damper aperture, every layer of SOFA
Windshield plate aperture, primary air fan electric current, pressure fan electric current, air-introduced machine electric current, boiler oxygen amount, mill combination, every coal pulverizer
Coal amount, every coal-grinding fan delivery, confluent, feed temperature, spray water flux, Stream temperature degree, main vapour pressure, reheat steam temperature,
At least one of reheated steam pressure, denitration entrance flue gas temperature, economizer excess air coefficient
Because SCR denitration reaction device includes the side A and the side B, the denitration entrance flue gas temperature includes that SCR denitration is anti-
Answer device A side entrance flue-gas temperature and the side entrance SCR denitration reaction device B flue-gas temperature.
The system also includes display devices, are connected to the processor, for each in described program operational process
Kind data are shown.
Embodiment 3
The factor that formation of nitrogen oxides is influenced when boiler combustion is relatively more, and the influence between each factor is more multiple
Miscellaneous, if carrying out analysis to all influence factors establishes Gas Parameters changing rule model, it is difficult to analyze, and data
Calculation amount is huge, therefore uses grey Relational Analysis Method to influence maximum factor to Gas Parameters when determining boiler combustion first
Collection.
Each unit history data is stored in flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis system in the flue, chooses one
The unit history data of section time, and confirm that unit is in stable operation stage in the period.
By taking the nitrous oxides concentration in the Gas Parameters as an example, Gas Parameters changing rule model is established in introduction
Detailed process.What is established in this embodiment is the nitrous oxides concentration changing rule model at denitration entry position.
As shown in Figure 2 A, N number of influence factor related with nitrous oxides concentration when boiler combustion is determined, as determined institute
Influence factor is stated to be unit load, enter furnace net calorific value as received basis, As-received ash content, enter furnace sky butt volatile matter, heat once
Wind air quantity, secondary air damper aperture (every layer is directed to the parameter, totally three layers), boiler oxygen amount, primary air fan electric current, air-supply are electromechanical
Stream, air-introduced machine electric current, upper coal amount, the amount of warm air, economizer coefficient of excess, theoretical flue gas flow, denitration inlet nitrogen oxides concentration,
19 parameters such as denitration entrance flue gas temperature, nitrogen oxides yield, by the history of section between while 19 influence factors
Data are as input；The data of all factors are done into nondimensionalization processing using initial value method, averaging method or area can also be used
Between method to all data carry out nondimensionalization processing.The degree of association calculated between each factor is as shown in Figure 2 B.
It can be seen that the nitrous oxides concentration at the denitration entry position by Fig. 2 B and between other factors
Relational degree taxis are as follows:
| Serial number | Compare influence factor | The degree of association |
| 1 | Inlet nitrogen oxides yield | 0.91 |
| 2 | Upper coal amount | 0.9 |
| 3 | Primary air fan electric current | 0.89 |
| 4 | Heat primary air air quantity | 0.82 |
| 5 | Theoretical flue gas flow | 0.82 |
| 6 | Third layer Secondary Air degree of stopping | 0.78 |
| 7 | Second layer Secondary Air degree of stopping | 0.72 |
| 8 | Boiler oxygen amount | 0.72 |
| 9 | The amount of warm air | 0.71 |
| 10 | Air-introduced machine electric current | 0.66 |
| 11 | Unit load | 0.64 |
| 12 | First layer Secondary Air degree of stopping | 0.56 |
| 13 | Economizer coefficient of excess | 0.43 |
| 14 | Enter furnace sky butt volatile matter | 0.41 |
| 15 | Denitration entrance flue gas temperature | 0.37 |
| 16 | Pressure fan electric current | 0.34 |
| 17 | As-received ash content | 0.13 |
| 18 | Enter furnace net calorific value as received basis | 0.05 |
Given threshold K1=0.9, K2=0.72, for super with the denitration entry position nitrous oxides concentration related coefficient
Cross in 0.9 factor, on selection factor coal amount be the biggest impact set of factors element, for the denitration entry position
All factors of the nitrous oxides concentration related coefficient less than 0.9 and more than or equal to 0.72 are the element of biggest impact set of factors.
So processing is because high (being more than or equal to threshold k 1) with the denitration entry position nitrous oxides concentration degree of correlation
Element between influence each other there is also biggish, select one of them to be analyzed, while carrying out to influence factor
Dimensionality reduction reduces subsequent calculation amount；And for the factor high with the denitration entry position nitrous oxides concentration degree of correlation, because
Very little is influenced, therefore is not analyzed, the purpose that dimensionality reduction is carried out to influence factor, reduces subsequent calculation amount is also achieved.
There is much influence factor related with the Gas Parameters when boiler combustion, the threshold k 1 and K2 are according to need
It is configured, cited influence factor and K1 and K2 value are in the present embodiment only for the explanation biggest impact set of factors
Determination method, without any restrictions act on.
It include upper coal amount, primary air fan electric current, heat primary air according to the biggest impact set of factors that the above method determines
7 factors such as air quantity, theoretical flue gas flow, third layer Secondary Air degree of stopping, second layer Secondary Air degree of stopping, boiler oxygen amount.
The calculation method of the incidence coefficient and the degree of association is mature technology, and this will not be repeated here.
According to the determining biggest impact set of factors, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), each shadow in biggest impact set of factors is determined
The factor of sound determines the sequence of each influence factor and its in least square supporting vector to the weighing factor of nitrous oxides concentration
Operation grade in machine.
As shown in figure 3, establishing hierarchy Model, the destination layer of the hierarchy Model is nitrous oxides concentration,
Rule layer includes nitrogen oxides parameter, unit operating parameter, air quantity oxygen amount parameter and boiler combustion parameter, and solution layer includes institute
State each influence factor of biggest impact set of factors.
The biggest impact set of factors judgment matrix is constructed by the way of comparing in pairs, calculates the biggest impact factor
It concentrates each influence factor to the weight of the destination layer, carries out consistency desired result, each influence factor is determined according to the weight
Sequence and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine, the weight of the influence factor is bigger, the influence factor
It sorts more forward, the operation higher grade in least square method supporting vector machine.
It is mature in view of the detailed process of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), herein biggest impact set of factors is not determined to using this method
In each influence factor the specific calculating process of the weighing factor of nitrous oxides concentration is repeated, only provide using this method it is true
The weight of fixed each influence factor are as follows:
Y=0.268X1+0.243X2+0.147X3+0.140X4+0.093X5+0.080X6+0.029X 7 (1)
Wherein the Y indicates formation of nitrogen oxides, coal amount in the X1 expression, weight 0.268, the X2 expression
Primary air fan electric current, weight 0.243, the X3 indicate that heat primary air air quantity, weight 0.147, the X4 indicate reason
By flue gas flow, weight 0.140, the X5 indicates third layer Secondary Air degree of stopping, weight 0.093, the X6 table
Show that second layer Secondary Air degree of stopping, weight 0.080, the X6 indicate boiler oxygen amount, weight 0.029.
The determining weight is verified according to nitrous oxides concentration online monitoring data, by the number of each influence factor
According to the formula of bringing into (1), if calculating gained nitrous oxides concentration and monitoring data error in the threshold range of setting, the weight is full
Foot requires, if threshold range of the error beyond setting, is adjusted the weight, until it meets the requirements.
It is any non-linear that there is least square method supporting vector machine (LSSVM) simplified calculating process, any controllable precision to approach
The advantages that function, good nonlinear fitting ability and generalization ability, therefore use least square method supporting vector machine (LSSVM) method
Establish the nitrous oxides concentration changing rule model.Using each in the Gas Parameters and its corresponding biggest impact set of factors
The historical operating parameter of factor is trained and verifies to the least square method supporting vector machine, obtains the Gas Parameters variation
Regular model.
As shown in figure 4, by the biggest impact set of factors history data and the nitrous oxides concentration history
Operation data inputs the least square method supporting vector machine, wherein the data of the biggest impact set of factors are that LSSVM model is defeated
Enter, the nitrous oxides concentration is the output of LSSVM mode input.
The LSSVM model initial model are as follows:
By the training nitrous oxides concentration changing rule model are as follows:
The specific implementation of changing rule model is established referring to establishing nitrogen oxides to the other parameters in the Gas Parameters
The realization process of concentration changing rule model.
Embodiment 4
The flue gas generated after boiler combustion can be handled by denitration, dedusting, desulphurization system, finally pass through smoke stack emission
Into atmosphere, in the situation known to the flow behavior of flue geometry, flue gas in Benitration reactor and in the flue of front and back,
According to the correlation model between the boiler combustion parameter and Gas Parameters changing rule, by the Actual combustion parameter of boiler,
It can determine Gas Parameters, and then obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the Gas Parameters in flue.
As shown in figure 5, importing and exporting position nitrous oxides concentration time distribution curve for denitration SCR reactor, wherein L1 is
The time distribution curve of denitration SCR reactor A entry position nitrous oxides concentration；L2 is denitration SCR reactor B entry position nitrogen
Oxide concentration time distribution curve；L3 is the time distribution curve of denitration SCR reactor A outlet port nitrous oxides concentration；
L4 is denitration SCR reactor B outlet port nitrous oxides concentration time distribution curve.Horizontal axis is the time in figure, and the longitudinal axis is concentration
Value.
When usually carrying out flue gas analysis, the data of each monitoring point acquisition in same time point flue is mostly used to be used as with all the way
The data of flue gas carry out denitration analysis, and in fact, each monitoring point exists in flue because the flowing of flue gas needs the regular hour
The data that synchronization detects are not necessarily the data with flue gas all the way, therefore the result inaccuracy for causing denitration to be analyzed, especially
It is in the case where unit load variation is larger, combustion conditions are unstable, and the front and back amplitude of variation of Gas Parameters is very big, to de-
The accuracy of nitre analysis influences bigger.By determining Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue, according to time tag, positioning is not
Same position determines that the data of each monitoring point detection are the data with flue gas all the way, realizes to denitration inlet nitrogen oxides concentration, goes out
The management by synchronization of the parameters such as mouth nitrous oxides concentration, ammonia spraying amount and flue gas emission nitrous oxides concentration, it is ensured that analyzed
It is the parameter with flue gas all the way, ensure that the accuracy of denitration analysis.
In Fig. 5, the data of synchronization different location are to carry out denitration analysis with nitrous oxides concentration data all the way
When, selection is analyzed with nitrous oxides concentration data all the way.
As shown in fig. 6, the flue gas that t moment generates in boiler combustion process is pre- by boiler-economizer-denitrator-sky
Device-dry collector-devulcanizer-chimney is discharged in atmosphere.There are five Gas Parameters monitoring points for distribution in flue, respectively
For denitrator entry position, denitrator outlet port, desulfurization entry position, desulfurization outlet port, chimney entry position (same to unit
Discharge outlet position).The situation of change that Gas Parameters can be determined according to the situation of change of boiler combustion parameter, determines boiler combustion
The smoke condition that t moment generates, according to Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue, it can be deduced that the flue gas stream that t moment generates
The time for crossing five Gas Parameters monitoring points is respectively t1, t2, t3, t4 and t5, when carrying out denitration analysis, when selecting t
Data Z1, the t2 moment denitration outlet monitoring location inspection of the boiler parameter, t1 moment denitration portal monitoring point position detection at quarter
Data Z3, the t4 moment desulfurization outlet monitoring location detection of data Z2, the t3 moment desulfurization portal monitoring point position detection of survey
The data Z5 of data Z4, t5 moment chimney portal monitoring point position (unit discharge outlet position) detection be prison with flue gas all the way
Measured data carries out the analysis of denitration data.The Gas Parameters that Gas Parameters monitoring point can acquire include that nitrogen oxides in effluent is dense
The information such as degree, flue gas flow, temperature, oxygen amount, pressure.
Embodiment 5
A kind of denitrating system, including SCR reactor and spray ammonia control device, use time of the flue gas in flue
Control signal of the distribution character as the ammonia-gas spraying device, Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue use the flue
Interior flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method determines.The flue gas is calculated according to Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue
The time T for reaching SCR reactor inlet, determines ammonia spraying amount according to the time T and exhaust gas volumn.
For the flue gas that t moment generates, denitrator entry position can be just reached at the t1 moment, according to boiler combustion parameter
With the correlation model between formation of nitrogen oxides changing rule, the formation of nitrogen oxides that t moment generates can be determined, it is described
Feed-forward control signals of the Annual distribution characteristic as denitration control device of formation of nitrogen oxides and flue gas in flue, control
The ammonia amount that the formation of nitrogen oxides generated with t moment is adapted is sprayed at the t1 moment, realizes the essence of ammonia spraying amount in denitrification process
Really control.
It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although preceding
Stating embodiment, invention is explained in detail, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art: it can be to previous embodiment
The technical solution of record is modified, or equivalent substitution of some or all of the technical features, and these are replaced,
The range for technical solution of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in a kind of flue, comprising steps of
Determine the data of boiler smoke parameter；
Establish Gas Parameters changing rule model；
Obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
2. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the boiler smoke
Parameter includes at least one of flue gas flow, nitrous oxides concentration, formation of nitrogen oxides.
3. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: establish Gas Parameters
Changing rule model comprising steps of
Using grey Relational Analysis Method on when boiler combustion influence Gas Parameters factor analyze, determine biggest impact because
Element collection；
It is determined in Gas Parameters and the biggest impact set of factors between each influence factor using least square method supporting vector machine method
Relationship, obtain Gas Parameters changing rule model.
4. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: use grey correlation
Degree analytic approach on when boiler combustion influence Gas Parameters factor analyze, determine biggest impact set of factors comprising steps of
The history data that whole N number of influence factor of Gas Parameters is influenced when boiler combustion is inputted, wherein the N is nature
Number；
It determines with reference to influence factor data column and several relatively influence factor data column；
Nondimensionalization processing is carried out to the history data of all N number of influence factors；
Compare influence factor data column according to nondimensionalization treated history data calculating and refers to influence factor data
Incidence coefficient between column；
It calculates the degree of association compared between influence factor and reference influence factor and the degree of association is ranked up；
According to relational degree taxis as a result, determining biggest impact set of factors.
5. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: use least square
Support vector machines method determines the relationship in Gas Parameters and the biggest impact set of factors between each influence factor, obtains flue gas ginseng
Before number changing rule model, further comprises the steps of: and each influence factor pair in biggest impact set of factors is determined using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
The weighing factor of Gas Parameters, and then the sequence for determining each influence factor and its operation in least square method supporting vector machine etc.
Grade.
6. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: use step analysis
Method determines that each influence factor in biggest impact set of factors to the weighing factor of Gas Parameters, and then determines the sequence of each influence factor
And its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine comprising steps of
Hierarchy Model is established, the destination layer of the hierarchy Model is Gas Parameters, and solution layer includes biggest impact
Set of factors；
Construct the biggest impact set of factors judgment matrix；
Each influence factor is calculated in the biggest impact set of factors to the weight of the destination layer；
The sequence for determining each influence factor according to the weight and its operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine, it is described
The weight of influence factor is bigger, and the sequence of the influence factor is more forward, the operation grade in least square method supporting vector machine
It is higher.
7. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: use the flue gas
In parameter and its corresponding biggest impact set of factors the historical operating parameter of each factor to the least square method supporting vector machine into
Row training and verifying, obtain the Gas Parameters changing rule model.
8. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: according to Gas Parameters
Flow behavior, the flue geometry of changing rule model, flue gas in Benitration reactor and in the flue of front and back, calculate flue gas
Flow distribution obtains Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
9. flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis system in a kind of flue, including pocessor and storage media, in the storage medium
It is stored with program, described program is run by the processor, it is characterised in that: described program is executed as claim 1-8 is any
Flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method in flue described in, the method includes the steps:
Determine the data of boiler smoke parameter；
Establish Gas Parameters changing rule model；
Obtain Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue.
10. a kind of denitrating system, including SCR reactor and spray ammonia control device, it is characterised in that: using the flue gas in flue
In control signal of the Annual distribution characteristic as the ammonia-gas spraying device, Annual distribution characteristic of the flue gas in flue use
As flue gas Annual distribution characteristic analysis method determines in the described in any item flues of claim 1-8.
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