CN112183924A - Coal blending and blending combustion method for thermal power generating unit - Google Patents
Coal blending and blending combustion method for thermal power generating unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a coal blending and blending combustion method for a thermal power generating unit, which comprises the steps of evaluating the index requirement of coal as fired, determining a coal feeding instruction of a raw coal bin, feeding coal, determining a mill group operation mode according to unit load and adjusting the mill group operation mode according to unit load change. The coal blending mode of the coal blending method of the thermal power generating unit does not relate to fuel coal blending adjustment, delay behaviors such as coal feeding, bin adding and coal quality replacement of a raw coal bin do not exist, and the dual purposes of meeting the response speed of load or environment-friendly parameters, consuming high-sulfur-content inferior coal quality to the maximum extent and saving low-sulfur-content high-quality coal quality to the maximum extent can be realized only by quickly adjusting the output of related mill groups (or pre-judging in advance to start and stop low-sulfur-content mill groups), thereby really reducing the fuel cost of coal as fired and realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal-fired power generation, in particular to a coal blending and blending combustion method for a thermal power generating unit.
Background
In thermal power generation coal-fired plants, blending combustion of various coal is carried out after blending operation is carried out on various coal, particularly, under the requirement of quality improvement and efficiency improvement of thermal power enterprises at present, a high-sulfur-content inferior coal blending combustion method needs to be further refined, the purpose of reducing the purchase fuel cost is realized by increasing the blending combustion inferior coal quantity, and the problems of full load requirement of units and dust emission standard related to the blending combustion inferior coal quantity are correspondingly taken into consideration. Because the prices of fuel purchased from different coal mines are different, the fuel cost is obviously different under different blending coal combustion proportions. Therefore, the blending method is extremely important to the cost of power generation.
At present, the variety of the coming coal is more, and reasonable loading and unloading and classified stacking are carried out in a coal yard according to the difference of coal quality, heat value, sulfur content and the like; meanwhile, the capacity of a coal yard is limited, the coal quality indexes in various coal piles have large difference, and the accurate blending ratio is difficult to realize. The current blending method comprises the following steps: a blending coal blending instruction issued by a plant part, a fuel part performs primary blending on coal quality of related coal piles to ensure that blended coal meets certain index requirements; the mixed coal in the related areas of the coal yard is respectively fed into the two silos according to different proportions to carry out secondary blending before the coal quality enters the furnace, the coal quality and indexes of the two silos are different, and the different proportion distribution between the two silos can meet the requirements of various coal blending indexes; the mixed coal in the two silos is added to the raw coal bin according to a certain proportion to finish the third blending of the coal as fired, and indexes after mixing the coal must meet the hard requirements of safe operation of a unit, standard environmental protection emission indexes, full load operation and the like.
However, there are some problems with current blending: the coal is subjected to more restriction factors such as allocation and transportation, coal mine, environmental protection, price control and the like, the purchase according to the designed coal quality cannot be realized, an ideal blending scheme cannot be realized under the constraint of various indexes of the blending scheme, the early warning of a purchasing structure frequently occurs, and the production pressure is mainly fallen to the fuel blending and operation combustion adjustment work. Meanwhile, due to different characteristics of coal conveying equipment, units and other equipment, the combined system has different response time to changes of unit load, environmental protection indexes and the like. Particularly, blending of different coal qualities in different time periods and inaccurate determination of coal quality indexes by the conventional means exist, the delay from blending to combustion is large, test data of the coal quality cannot be monitored in real time and is delayed seriously, so that load or environmental protection parameter changes cannot be followed timely, the blending scheme is conservative, poor-quality coal blending such as high-sulfur coal and the like is increased, low-sulfur high-quality coal is saved, and the like, so that the practical load or environmental protection parameter changes are met, and a great space is provided for blending and burning the poor-quality coal such as the high-sulfur coal and the like.
In summary, the current coal blending management technology cannot meet the response speed of load or environmental protection parameters, and cannot achieve the purposes of increasing blending combustion amount of high-sulfur-content inferior coal and the like and saving low-sulfur high-quality coal. Therefore, the development of a coal blending method for a thermal power generating unit, which can meet the response speed of load or environmental protection parameters, increase the blending combustion amount of high-sulfur-content inferior coal and the like and save low-sulfur high-quality coal, becomes a problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a coal blending combustion method for a thermal power generating unit, so as to meet the response speed of load or environmental protection parameters, increase the blending combustion amount of high-sulfur-content inferior coal and the like, and save low-sulfur high-quality coal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method comprises an A, B, C, D, E, F grinding unit and comprises the following steps
a. Evaluating the index requirements of the coal as fired according to the coal storage information of the raw coal bunker, the coal storage information of the coal yard, the environmental protection and test requirements, the unit load prediction and the unit equipment condition;
b. determining a coal feeding instruction of a raw coal bin according to the coal as fired index requirement and the factory-entering sampling index data of each coal quality;
c. b, coal feeding is carried out according to the coal feeding instruction in the step b;
d. determining a grinding unit operation mode according to the unit load; the unit load comprises unit natural coal consumption and SO2The concentration of raw flue gas, the concentration of clean flue gas and the operation mode of a desulfurization system;
e. and adjusting the running mode of the mill group according to the load change of the mill group.
Further, in the step a, the index requirements of the coal as fired include the proportion of each coal quality in the mixed coal, the calorific value of the mixed coal, the sulfur content of the mixed coal, the volatile content of the mixed coal, the moisture content of the mixed coal, the ash melting point of the mixed coal and the grindability coefficient of the mixed coal.
Further, in the step a, the index requirements of the coal as fired include the sulfur content of the mixed coal and the heat value of the mixed coal.
Further, in the step b,
b1, calculating the blending ratio of each coal quality according to the index requirement of the coal as fired and the sampling index data of each coal quality entering the factory;
b2, determining the blending mode of each coal quality according to the blending proportion of each coal quality;
b3, determining a coaling command according to the blending mode of each coal quality.
Further, the coal feeding instruction comprises a sub-bin coal feeding mode, and the sub-bin coal feeding mode is
D, grinding the coal with low sulfur content on the group, wherein the received sulfur content of the coal with low sulfur content is less than or equal to 1.2 percent;
b, grinding the coal with high sulfur content in the group B, wherein the received basic sulfur content of the coal with low sulfur content is 1.8-2.5%;
A. e, C, F grinding the coal to obtain normal coal with 1.4-1.7% of sulfur.
Further, in the step d,
d1, natural coal consumption and SO according to unit2The raw flue gas concentration, the clean flue gas concentration and the operation mode of a desulfurization system are used for judging the coal content in and out of the furnace; if the desulfurization system is full, the coal as fired is judged to be high, and if the desulfurization system is full, the coal as fired is judged to be highIf the output is not full, judging that the coal as fired is low;
d2, if the coal as fired is judged to be high, determining the operation mode of the mill group as follows: the output of high-sulfur component grinding group is reduced, and the output of normal sulfur component grinding group is increased; if the requirements of meeting and discharging are met, the operation is continued; if the load and the emission requirements are not met, starting a low-sulfur component grinding group or increasing the output of the low-sulfur component grinding group;
d3, if the coal as fired is judged to be low, determining the operation mode of the mill group as follows: the output of the low-sulfur grinding group is reduced or the low-sulfur grinding group is stopped, the output of the normal sulfur grinding group is adjusted, and the output of the high-sulfur grinding group is increased.
Further, in the step e, the step c,
e1, adjusting the running mode of the mill group according to the load change of the mill group;
e2, after adjusting the operation mode of the grinding unit, testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements; if the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements, continuing to operate; if the environmental protection index and the unit load do not meet the requirements, adjusting a coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bunker;
e3, executing the coal feeding instruction of the adjusted raw coal bin;
e5, determining the operation mode of the mill group according to the load of the mill group; testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements or not; if the requirement is met, the operation is continued; if not, continue to step e 2.
Further, adjusting the operation mode of the mill group comprises:
if the load of the unit is increased, reducing the output of the grinding group B, increasing the output of the grinding group A, C, E, F or starting the grinding group D;
if the load of the unit is stable, reducing the output of the grinding group B, keeping the output of the grinding group A, C, E, F to be maximum, and controlling the output of the grinding group D;
and if the load of the unit is reduced, increasing the output of the mill group B, reducing the output of the mill group A, C, E, F or closing the mill group D of the low-sulfur mill group.
Further, in the step e, the adjusting of the coal loading instruction of the raw coal bunker includes: reducing the received basic sulfur content of the raw coal bunker.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the coal feeding blending mode in the coal blending and burning method of the thermal power generating unit does not relate to fuel coal blending adjustment, delay behaviors such as coal feeding, bin adding and coal quality replacement of a raw coal bin of coal conveying equipment do not exist, and the dual purposes of meeting the response speed of load or environment-friendly parameters, consuming high-sulfur-content inferior coal quality to the maximum extent and saving low-sulfur-content high-quality coal quality to the maximum extent can be realized only by quickly adjusting the output of related mill groups (or pre-judging in advance to start and stop low-sulfur-content mill groups), thereby really reducing the fuel cost of coal as fired and realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement of enterprises.
2. According to the coal blending and burning method for the thermal power generating unit, the centralized control value is long, firstly, preliminary coal as fired index demand scheduling is carried out 8 hours in advance according to the comprehensive conditions of unit predicted load, coal storage in a coal yard and the like, high-sulfur coal quality and low-sulfur coal quality on a designated grinding group bin are implemented, and normal-sulfur coal quality on the other grinding groups is used for adjusting the coal quality index of a raw coal bin; when the operation part is on duty, the corresponding grinding output is adjusted at any time according to the actual load change, the measure of the blending scheme in the furnace is implemented, the blending mode of the coal is more flexible because the unit raw coal bin comprises three different indexes, the load change of the unit can be tracked more quickly, the consumption of low-sulfur-content high-quality coal with higher unit price of standard coal is reduced on the premise of meeting the emission requirement of environmental protection indexes, the high-sulfur-content coal with lower unit price of standard coal is more effectively consumed, and the upgrading and efficiency increasing work of the coal blending combustion link is practically realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a connection relationship between a burner and a coal pulverizer in a thermal power generating unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a coal blending and co-combustion method for a thermal power generating unit. The boiler form of the three unit units in our factory is as follows: a supercritical parameter variable-pressure direct-current furnace comprises a primary reheating furnace, a single hearth furnace and a tail double flue, wherein a baffle is adopted to adjust the temperature of reheating steam, balance ventilation, semi-open-air arrangement, solid-state slag discharge, an all-steel framework and a fully-suspended structure n-shaped boiler. The coal is designed to be mixed coal in Yangquan and West mountain areas. The actual burning coal is Yangquan coal industry, coking coal, Yangquan Juan and low-heat quality coal blending in the market. The coal is more in variety, and the reasonable connection, the discharge and the classified stacking are carried out in a coal yard according to the differences of coal quality, heat value, sulfur content and the like.
A powder preparation system: adopting a double-inlet and double-outlet steel ball milling direct-blowing type pulverizing system, and allocating 6 coal mills for each furnace; the fineness R90 of the coal powder is 9 percent, and the uniformity coefficient n of the coal powder is 1.1; each mill had 6 burners in 1 layer. The combustion mode is as follows: the burners adopt a form that a front wall and a rear wall are respectively provided with three layers, each layer is 6, a hedging combustion and spiral-flow type burner system is adopted, and after air and powder air flow are sprayed into a hearth from a coal powder burner in operation, each burner forms an independent flame in the hearth; meanwhile, a layer of over-fire air nozzles are respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall, wherein each layer of over-fire air nozzles comprises 2 side-fire air (SAP) nozzles and 6 over-fire air (AAP) nozzles; the center of each pulverized coal burner is provided with an ignition oil gun which adopts mechanical atomization, the total capacity of the oil gun is 30 percent of the heat required by the boiler B-MCR, the output of a single oil gun is 1200kg/h, and the total number of the oil guns is 36. The boiler design is 1.35% of the sulfur content (the receiving base) of the coal as fired. Each furnace was equipped with 6 coal mills, each with 6 burners in 1 tier. The connection of the burner to the coal pulverizer is shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, 6 coal mills in each furnace are named as: the grinding group A, the grinding group B, the grinding group C, the grinding group D, the grinding group E and the grinding group F. Wherein the grinding group A is connected with 6 burners on the rear wall and the upper layer; the B grinding group is connected with 6 burners on the rear wall and the middle layer; the C grinding group is connected with 6 burners on the rear wall and the lower layer; the D grinding group is connected with 6 burners on the front wall and the upper layer; the E grinding group is connected with 6 burners on the front wall and the middle layer; the F mill group is connected with a front wall and 6 burners at the lower layer.
At present, in terms of the coal structure of our factory, the blending ratio of coal quality of coal as fired and the like to the unit NOxThe influence of emission and the like is small, and NO emission can be satisfied through the ammonia spraying regulation systemxThe main contradiction of the index requirements of the coal as fired is concentrated on SO in different load sections of the unit2The flue gas emission concentration is matched with the requirement of increasing the blending combustion of the inferior coal. The load output range of the unit is normally 300 MW-600 MW, and SO is generated when the coal quality with the same sulfur content is under different unit loads and the same desulfurization operation mode2Different concentration of raw flue gas, SO2The standard of the emission concentration of the flue gas is 25mg/L3According to SO, when the medium-low load section changes along with the load of the unit2The numerical value of the smoke emission concentration is changed, the consumption of the high-sulfur coal is adjusted in time, and SO under the sulfur content in the furnace is ensured2The smoke emission concentration is operated close to the red line, so that the high-quality coal quality such as low sulfur and the like is saved, and the requirements of environmental protection and production are met.
The coal blending and co-combustion method for the thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps:
step one, evaluating the index requirements of the coal as fired according to the coal storage information of the raw coal bunker, the coal storage information of the coal yard, the environmental protection and test requirements, the unit load prediction and the unit equipment condition. The centralized control value is long, firstly, according to the comprehensive conditions of raw coal storage coal information, coal storage information of a coal yard, environmental protection and test requirements, unit load prediction, unit equipment conditions and the like, preliminary coal-as-fired index demand scheduling is carried out, the coal-as-fired index demand of the three-unit is preliminarily determined, and the coal-as-fired index is notified to a fuel operator in advance for 8 hours. Preferably, the coal as fired index requirements comprise the proportion of each coal quality of mixed coal, the calorific value of the mixed coal, the sulfur content of the mixed coal, the volatile content of the mixed coal, the moisture content of the mixed coal, the ash melting point of the mixed coal and the grindability coefficient of the mixed coal.
Because different power plants have different coal types for combustion (related to unit design coal quality, or determined by a verification test or a combustion adjustment test), purchasing areas, transportation modes (self-provided vehicle transportation in our plant, and basically fixed coal purchasing area), and the like, the selection of the coal as fired index requirements mainly depends on which indexes have great influence on equipment or blending requirements. Taking our project as an example, the coal quality is basically long-lasting coal, and the coal quality heat value and sulfur content indexes are main factors, because they directly influence the most basic requirements of stable combustion of a boiler, full load, environmental protection emission reaching standards and the like; volatile components and moisture are secondary factors, influence on economy and are not important considerations for the blending combustion scheme; other indexes such as ash melting point, grindability coefficient and the like are basically not referenced, and the coal quality is basically not changed greatly after long-term mixed combustion. More preferably, the coal as fired index requirements include the sulfur content of the blended coal and the calorific value of the blended coal.
Wherein, the coal storage information of the raw coal warehouse is as follows: the coal level of the raw coal bunker, what coal quality is stored in the raw coal bunker, the mixing ratio of various coal qualities, indexes of heat value, sulfur content, volatile content, moisture content and the like of the mixed coal. The coal storage information of the coal yard means: the inventory of the coal yard and the coal storage information of each area of the coal yard (the coal storage amount of each area, the coal quality type of each area, the indexes of the heat value, the sulfur content, the volatility and the like of each coal quality, and the indexes of the heat value, the sulfur content, the volatility and the like of the coal pile mixed coal). The requirements of environmental protection, test and the like mean that: the environmental protection equipment performance test needs to be carried out before and after the environmental protection equipment is technically improved or overhauled. The unit test means that each unit needs to perform an air preheater air leakage rate test every quarter, and needs to perform a performance test (a boiler performance test and a steam turbine performance test) on main machine equipment such as a boiler, a steam turbine and the like before and after A, B-level overhaul of the unit, a steam turbine overspeed test after overhaul of the unit, a unit deep peak shaving test and the like.
The unit load is predicted to be issued to each power plant by a dispatching department of a power company every day, all the power plants are put into AGC to adjust the load at present, and theoretically, the actual load should change along with the predicted load. However, in actual production, due to weather changes, failure of a unit or unit equipment, frequent accidental factors such as power supply of new energy loads such as photovoltaic and wind power, and the like, unit load prediction needs to be considered. The unit equipment condition means: when the equipment is defective, the load of the unit or the environment-friendly discharge capacity can be seriously influenced. For example, if the boiler side is in critical failure or limited output, the full load of the unit is affected when low-heat-value coal is combusted, so the heat value of the coal as fired needs to be increased; if the environmental protection equipment suddenly breaks down or the output is insufficient, the desulfurization emission is possibly over-standard under the normal sulfur content, and the unit is forced to reduce the load operation, so the sulfur content of the coal as fired needs to be reduced consciously, and in a word, the abnormal influence of the equipment needs to be eliminated or reduced to the minimum level by adjusting the index requirement of the coal as fired.
If the unit loads are different, the index requirements of the coal as fired are different even if other conditions are the same, and the index requirements of the coal as fired are determined according to the field conditions. For example, if the units are in a high-load or full-load working condition, and the units are basically in a saturated state, the heat value of the coal as fired is high, the sulfur content is low, the load of the units is not limited by the heat value, and the environmental protection equipment is not forced to reduce the output to operate due to the sulfur content. If the load of the unit is low, the heat value can be reduced as long as the current load change can be met on the premise that the heat value can ensure stable combustion of the boiler; and when the unit is under low load, the sulfur content is higher, and the output of the desulfurization system can also meet the emission requirement. Meanwhile, the centralized control value is responsible for the scheduling of enterprise production equipment and the information communication with the dispatcher of the power company, the load change instruction and the requirement can be mastered at the first time, and the blending scheme can be adjusted in time, so that the follow-up unit personnel can be ensured to reasonably select the grinding operation mode according to the load change instruction and the requirement, and the purposes of consuming the inferior coal to the maximum extent and saving the high-quality coal are achieved.
And step two, determining a coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin according to the index requirement of the coal as fired and the factory-entering sampling index data of each coal quality so as to ensure that the blending index of the coal can meet the index requirement of the coal as fired and realize refined blending. Under the condition of known index requirements of coal as fired (namely sulfur content of mixed coal and heat value of the mixed coal), the centralized control value length is combined with the sampling index data of a factory for calculation, and finally a coal loading instruction of a raw coal bunker is determined and sent to a fuel part; the coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin comprises a coal feeding mode and a coal feeding index. Preferably, firstly, the blending proportion of each coal quality is calculated according to the index requirement of the coal as fired and the sampling index data of each coal quality entering the factory; secondly, determining the blending mode of each coal quality according to the blending proportion of each coal quality; and finally, determining a coal feeding command according to each coal quality blending mode. When coal enters a factory, the coal is unloaded through the coal conveying belt of the underground coal ditch, the automatic sampler starts to work when the belt is started, and the sample preparation and test of the coal automatic sampler can be carried out on the next day, and a result is given, so that the coal sampling index data of the coal entering the factory is obtained. The specific calculation method is as follows:
mode 1: if the coal coming from the underground coal ditch is directly loaded to the raw coal bunker, the index data (settlement data) of the coal coming from the underground coal ditch is sampled according to the standard, and whether the index data meets the index requirement of the coal as fired is checked. If the coal quantity meets the requirement, an instruction that the coal from the underground coal ditch is lifted to the raw coal bunker can be given.
Mode 2: if one or more coal qualities of the coal yard are directly lifted to the raw coal bunker, and if the coal quality of the coal yard is directly lifted to the raw coal bunker, whether the sampling index data of the coal yard entering the factory meets the index requirement of the coal as fired is checked. If the coal is up to the raw coal bin, the instruction of the coal to the raw coal bin can be given. If several coal qualities in the coal yard are up to the raw coal bunker, the blending ratio of each coal quality is calculated according to the index requirement of coal as fired and the index of sampling data of each coal quality entering the factory, and then an instruction that the several coal qualities are mixed according to the blending ratio and then are up to the raw coal bunker is given.
Mode 3: if the silo coal is loaded to the raw coal bin in separate bins, the blending ratio of the silo is calculated according to the method for loading the mixed coal of the plurality of coal qualities in the mode 2, and then an instruction that the silo coal is loaded to the raw coal bin in separate bins according to the blending ratio is issued. This embodiment adopts mode three to carry out the branch storehouse coaling in raw coal storehouse. Specifically, in this embodiment, the coal feeding mode of the silo is as follows: low-sulfur coal quality (single coal quality or mixed coal) on a silo No. 1, and the received sulfur content is less than or equal to 1.2 percent; the coal quality (single coal quality or mixed coal) with higher sulfur content in the silo No. 2 is 1.5-1.7 percent of the received sulfur content. It should be noted that this is only one of the coal feeding methods for silos in this embodiment, and the specific limitation on the received sulfur-based component is determined according to the actual unit.
And step three, carrying out sub-bin coaling according to the sub-bin coaling instruction in the step two. Under the current purchasing situation of our factory, the heat value index of the coal as fired basically does not limit the load, because the current fuel purchasing of our factory is mainly Yangquan Changyi coal, the heat value is relatively high, and the load is rarely influenced by the heat value under the blending formula. Therefore, the sub-bin coal feeding instruction is mainly used for determining A, C, E, F indexes of the sulfur content of the coal fed into the furnace in the grinding group. The fuel part implements the raw coal bunker filling work according to the long sub-bunker coal feeding instruction of the centralized control value and the fuel professional value management concept guidance scheme. The raw coal bunker feeding mode of the fuel part is as follows:
d, grinding the components: the coal quality with the upper low sulfur content can be single coal or mixed coal as long as the sulfur content meets the requirement (the received sulfur content is less than or equal to 1.2%);
b, grinding the group: the coal quality with high sulfur content can be a single coal type, but the sulfur content is not higher than 2.5 percent, otherwise, the blending is required to be reduced to below 2.5 percent; or mixed coal as long as the sulfur content meets the requirement (2.5 percent or more of the received sulfur content is more than or equal to 1.8 percent);
A. c, E, F grinding group: the normal coal quality can be high-sulfur coal or high-low-sulfur coal mixed coal (1.7% or more of the received sulfur content is more than or equal to 1.4%).
Preferably, the raw coal bunker adding mode of the fuel part is as follows:
d mill group (front wall upper): directly adding low-sulfur coal from a silo 1 (the sulfur content of the obtained base is less than or equal to 1.2%);
b grinding group (middle layer of back wall): directly feeding high-sulfur-content inferior single coal quality or mixed coal quality (2.5 percent or more and more than or equal to 1.8 percent of received basic sulfur) by a coal feeding bypass belt; wherein, the coal conveying belt is provided with a coal feeding bypass belt which can directly feed the coal to the raw coal bunker from a ground coal ditch or a coal yard without passing through a silo;
A. c, E, F grinding group: the silo 1 and the silo 2 are added in proportion, the coal sulfur is determined according to the load prediction condition of the unit, the received base sulfur is controlled to be 1.4-1.7%, and if the unit is under high load, the received base sulfur of the A, C, E, F grinding unit is controlled to be 1.4%; if the unit is under low load, the received basic sulfur content of A, C, E, F grinding group is controlled to be 1.7%. In addition, if the sulfur index meets the requirement of a coal feeding instruction, the silo can be directly added by the silo 2, and the silo 1 and the silo 2 are not required to be added in proportion.
Wherein, in order to ensure the safety of equipment, when the basic sulfur content of the coal quality of the coming coal is more than or equal to 2.5 percent, the coal quality of the coming coal must be pre-blended to the range less than or equal to 2.5 percent to be directly loaded on a raw coal bunker B so as to ensure the refined blending.
Step four, determining the operation mode of the grinding unit according to the load of the unit; the unit load comprises unit natural coal consumption and SO2Raw flue gas concentration, clean flue gas concentration and a desulfurization system operation mode. Natural coal consumption and SO of machine set2The concentration of raw flue gas, the concentration of clean flue gas and the operation mode of the desulfurization system are displayed in real time. The natural coal consumption of the unit represents the heat value of the coal as fired to a certain extent, and the aim of adjusting the heat value is fulfilled by adjusting the output distribution among the grinding groups according to the heat value condition of each grinding group, so that the production requirement is met. SO (SO)2The concentration of the raw flue gas represents the size of the sulfur content of the coal as fired; SO under the same load condition2The larger the concentration value of the raw flue gas is, the higher the sulfur content of the coal as fired is; under the same coal sulfur content in the furnace, the higher the load, the SO2The greater the raw flue gas concentration. The clean flue gas concentration represents whether the unit emission reaches the standard or not, and is related to the operation efficiency of a desulfurization system and the sulfur content of coal as fired. Under the same load and the same operation mode of the desulfurization system, the higher the net flue gas concentration is, the SO is2The higher the concentration of the original flue gas is, the higher the sulfur content of the coal as fired is. The desulfurization operation mode comprises the following steps: the number of the slurry circulating pumps and the PH value of the slurry in the desulfurizing tower can ensure the equipment condition and parameters of the desulfurization discharge index up to the standard.
The principle of arranging the running mode of the grinding set by the centralized control machine master is as follows: when the unit is operated at medium and low load, the continuous operation of the B mill group is ensured under the condition of ensuring the upper limit of the index of the sulfur content of the coal as fired of the A, C, E, F mill group so as to meet the requirement of the output of a desulfurization system or the index of environmental emission, the B mill group is adjusted as much as possible to keep higher output, the operation time and output of the D mill group are reduced, and finally the aim that the D mill group is operated only in the high-load time of the unit is achieved. The central control captain according to the displayed SO2The concentration of raw flue gas, the concentration of clean flue gas and the operation mode of a desulfurization system can be used for judging the sulfur content of coal entering and exiting the furnace. If it isThe full output of the desulfurization system indicates that the sulfur content of the coal as fired is high, and the operation mode of arranging the mill group at the moment is as follows: the output of high-sulfur component grinding group is reduced, and the output of normal sulfur component grinding group is increased; if the requirements of meeting and discharging are met, the operation is continued; if the load and the emission requirements are not met, starting the low-sulfur component mill group or increasing the output of the low-sulfur component mill group. If the desulfurization system is not full, the sulfur content of the coal as fired is low, and the operation mode of the mill group is arranged as follows: the low-sulfur grinding group output is reduced or the low-sulfur grinding group is stopped, the normal sulfur grinding group output is adjusted, the high-sulfur grinding group output is increased, and the specific adjustment range is subject to the condition that the unit load and the emission standard do not exceed the standard.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal as fired is influenced by a plurality of conditions and is a dynamic quantity. If the desulfurization equipment runs at full capacity, the sulfur content of the coal as fired is proved to be relatively high, and the sulfur content of the coal as fired needs to be reduced at the moment, so that certain allowance exists in the desulfurization equipment. If the desulfurization system does not output power but has a certain margin, the sulfur content of the coal as fired is relatively low, and the sulfur content is still allowed to be improved. In design, the general margin is designed to be 10 percent, and the theoretical maximum treatment sulfur dioxide concentration is 3630mg/m3. In actual production, the margin conditions are as follows: 1. the export is discharged after reaching the standard; 2. the uncontrollable increase of the density of gypsum slurry and the liquid level of gypsum in the absorption tower caused by the increase of sulfur dioxide at the inlet is avoided; 3. the slurry in the absorption tower is normally oxidized, and the oxidation air volume meets the oxidation requirement (the capacity of an oxidation fan is determined according to the design value of inlet sulfur dioxide, when the inlet sulfur dioxide rises, the oxidation air volume is possibly insufficient, and the calcium sulfite in the absorption tower cannot be forcedly oxidized into calcium sulfate due to insufficient oxidation air volume); 4. the circulating pump is operated completely, and the slurry supply can ensure the pH to be stably increased (the pH value of the absorption tower is increased along with the slurry supply amount, wherein the stable increase refers to the phenomenon that the slurry supply amount is increased and the pH is reduced because inlet sulfur dioxide is increased).
In the embodiment, the coal quality index of the raw coal bunker is adjusted by specifying the high-sulfur coal quality and the low-sulfur coal quality on the mill group bunker and the normal sulfur coal quality on the other mill groups. And when the operation part is on duty, the output of the corresponding grinding group is adjusted at any time according to the actual load change, and the measure of the blending formula in the furnace is implemented. Because the unit raw coal bunker comprises three different indexes (corresponding to the three sub-bunker coal feeding modes, namely the specified high-sulfur coal quality and the low-sulfur coal quality on the grinding sub-bunkers and the normal-sulfur coal quality on the other grinding bunkers, the coal quality on the related coal bunkers is different and the indexes of the coal quality are also different), the coal blending mode is more flexible, the load change of the unit can be tracked more quickly, the consumption of the low-sulfur high-quality coal quality with higher unit price of the standard coal can be reduced on the premise of meeting the emission requirement of environmental protection indexes, the high-sulfur coal quality with lower unit price of the standard coal can be consumed more effectively, and the quality and efficiency improvement work of the coal blending and burning link can be realized practically. If finally, the blending in the furnace is carried out (i.e. the grinding group adjustment treatment), different indexes of the coal as fired can be obtained, and the response speed of load or environmental protection parameters can be further met.
And step five, adjusting the running mode of the grinding unit according to the load change of the unit. If the load (or weather, abnormal equipment) of the unit changes, the central control unit master adjusts the running mode of the grinding unit. After the load of the unit is changed, the heat value and the sulfur content of the coal as fired are changed along with the difference of the coal quality in each raw coal bin. If the coal conveying equipment is used for adjustment, the equipment delay is extremely high; if the adjustment is carried out through the unit equipment, the response is very quick, and the means is to adjust the operation mode of the grinding set, so that the crew can intervene by adjusting the operation mode of the grinding set. Preferably, the operation modes of the adjusting mill group comprise the following three modes:
if the load of the unit is increased, reducing the output of the high-sulfur mill group (the mill group B in the embodiment), increasing the output of the normal mill group (the mill group A, C, E, F in the embodiment) or starting the low-sulfur mill group (the mill group D in the embodiment); if the unit load is stable, the output of the B grinding group is reduced, the output of A, C, E, F grinding group is kept to be maximum, and the output of the B grinding group is properly controlled (SO as to ensure SO under the sulfur content in the furnace)2The operation of the smoke emission concentration close to the red line is taken as the standard); and if the load of the unit is reduced, increasing the output of the B grinding group, reducing the output of the A, C, E, F grinding group of the normal grinding group or closing the D grinding group. It should be noted that the unit load stability herein does not mean that the unit load is a constant value, but maintains a stable state within a certain range. If the unit load is stable at about 400MW under the condition of certain coal as fired index requirement, the unit load is higherThe lower fluctuation of 3% belongs to the stable state of the unit load, namely the unit load belongs to the stable state of the unit load at 388-412 MW.
Taking the sulfur content as an example, when the load of a unit is increased, the sulfur content of a boiler needs to be reduced, and operators can reduce the output of the B mill group, increase the output of the A, C, E, F mill group or start the D mill group, so that the sulfur content of the whole coal as fired is reduced, and the requirement of desulfurization emission is met; meanwhile, after the load of the unit is stable, the output of the B grinding group can be reduced, the output of the A, C, E, F grinding group is kept to be the maximum, and the output of the D grinding group is properly controlled, namely the boiler emission does not exceed the standard and runs close to the emission standard, so that the aims of consuming the inferior coal to the maximum extent and consuming the high-quality coal to the minimum extent are fulfilled. The output of each grinding group is adjusted (the output of a coal feeder is controlled), namely the sulfur content of the coal as fired is adjusted, the index requirement adjustment of the coal as fired is realized, the index requirement of the coal as fired is enabled to quickly follow the load change of the unit, and the environment-friendly index is ensured not to exceed the standard and operate to meet the environment-friendly emission requirement.
After the operation mode of the grinding unit is adjusted, testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements or not; if the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements, continuing to operate; if the environmental protection index and the unit load do not meet the requirements (if the unit load is high, the output force of the unit is out of the load output range of the unit and is normally 300 MW-600 MW, the low-sulfur coal mill group is full of output force, the normal mill group is full of output force, the high-sulfur mill group is minimum or stopped running; SO2The standard of the emission concentration of the flue gas is 25mg/L3) And adjusting the coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin and executing the adjusted coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin, then determining the running mode of the mill group according to the unit load, testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements after the mill group runs, continuing running if the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements, continuing adjusting the coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin if the environmental protection index and the unit load do not meet the requirements, and repeating the steps until the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements after the mill group runs. Preferably, the adjusting the coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bin comprises: the basic sulfur content received by the raw coal bunker is reduced to further reduce the whole sulfur content of the raw coal bunker, and the reduction range is determined by the fuel part after accounting according to the coal storage, blending proportion and coal as fired index requirements of a coal yard.
From three units of the factoryThe operation observation of No. 5 unit shows that when the weighted sulfur content (receiving base) of the coal as fired is 1.5 percent, the load of the unit can reach 550MW, SO2The concentrations of raw smoke and clean smoke are 4500mg/L respectively3、21mg/L3And both meet the requirements of production and environmental protection. When the unit load AGC instruction rises again, the output of the B mill group is increased, the coal quality output of the D mill group is reduced, the output of the A, C, E, F mill group is adjusted to be maximum, and SO is reduced2The concentration of the raw flue gas; when the unit load AGC instruction is reduced, the output of the B mill group needs to be reduced until the mill group is stopped, the coal quality output of the D mill group is increased, and SO is increased2The original smoke concentration smoothly realizes the purposes of no exceeding of environmental protection emission indexes and maximum consumption of high-sulfur coal.
Since the implementation of the 4 th month in the year, the whole plant in the 4 th month adopts a low-load section and a sub-warehouse to mix and burn 5.8 ten thousand tons of high-sulfur coal, reduces the use of 9.8 ten thousand tons of low-sulfur coal, and saves the fuel cost by about 281 ten thousand yuan. With the implementation of the measure of saving the low-sulfur coal, the purchase amount of the low-sulfur coal with higher price will be further reduced under the requirement of storing the low-sulfur coal in the coal yard.
The coal blending combustion technology of the invention optimizes the purchasing structure of a coal yard and improves the space, in 4 months, the factory actively adjusts the yang coal group purchasing coal type structure of the Long coordination unit, and the yang coal with higher cost performance completes purchasing 1.62 ten thousand tons, and the ring ratio rises by 391%; the new landscape mine finishes 1.3 ten thousand tons, and the ring ratio rises by 36.8 percent. The adjustment of the full-month positive coal delivery structure saves nearly 200 ten thousand yuan of coal purchasing cost for our factory.
Through the increase of the blending combustion of high-sulfur coal quality, under the conditions of medium and low loads of a unit, the low-sulfur coal quality consumption basically does not exist, the coal storage structure of the three-unit coal yard quickly tends to be reasonable, the coal receiving and discharging work of the whole plant coal yard is facilitated to be arranged comprehensively, and conditions are provided for purchasing and blending combustion of inferior coal with low standard coal unit price.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method is characterized in that the thermal power generating unit comprises an A, B, C, D, E, F grinding unit and comprises the following steps: the coal blending and blending combustion method for the thermal power generating unit comprises the following steps:
a. evaluating the index requirements of the coal as fired according to the coal storage information of the raw coal bunker, the coal storage information of the coal yard, the environmental protection and test requirements, the unit load prediction and the unit equipment condition;
b. determining a coal feeding instruction of a raw coal bin according to the coal as fired index requirement and the factory-entering sampling index data of each coal quality;
c. b, coal feeding is carried out according to the coal feeding instruction in the step b;
d. determining a grinding unit operation mode according to the unit load; the unit load comprises unit natural coal consumption and SO2The concentration of raw flue gas, the concentration of clean flue gas and the operation mode of a desulfurization system;
e. and adjusting the running mode of the mill group according to the load change of the mill group.
2. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the index requirements of the coal as fired comprise the proportion of each coal quality in the mixed coal, the heat value of the mixed coal, the sulfur content of the mixed coal, the volatile content of the mixed coal, the moisture content of the mixed coal, the ash melting point of the mixed coal and the grindability coefficient of the mixed coal.
3. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step a, the index requirements of the coal as fired comprise the sulfur content of the mixed coal and the heat value of the mixed coal.
4. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that: in the step (b), the step (c),
b1, calculating the blending ratio of each coal quality according to the index requirement of the coal as fired and the sampling index data of each coal quality entering the factory;
b2, determining the blending mode of each coal quality according to the blending proportion of each coal quality;
b3, determining a coaling command according to the blending mode of each coal quality.
5. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the coal feeding instruction comprises a sub-bin coal feeding mode, the sub-bin coal feeding mode is a low-sulfur coal quality on a D mill group, and the received basic sulfur content of the low-sulfur coal quality is less than or equal to 1.2%;
b, grinding the coal with high sulfur content in the group B, wherein the received basic sulfur content of the coal with low sulfur content is 1.8-2.5%;
A. e, C, F grinding the coal to obtain normal coal with 1.4-1.7% of sulfur.
6. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step d, the step (c),
d1, natural coal consumption and SO according to unit2The raw flue gas concentration, the clean flue gas concentration and the operation mode of a desulfurization system are used for judging the height of the coal as fired; if the full output of the desulfurization system is high, the coal as fired is judged to be high, and if the full output of the desulfurization system is not high, the coal as fired is judged to be low;
d2, if the coal as fired is judged to be high, determining the operation mode of the mill group as follows: the output of high-sulfur component grinding group is reduced, and the output of normal sulfur component grinding group is increased; if the requirements of meeting and discharging are met, the operation is continued; if the load and the emission requirements are not met, starting a low-sulfur component grinding group or increasing the output of the low-sulfur component grinding group;
d3, if the coal as fired is judged to be low, determining the operation mode of the mill group as follows: the output of the low-sulfur grinding group is reduced or the low-sulfur grinding group is stopped, the output of the normal sulfur grinding group is adjusted, and the output of the high-sulfur grinding group is increased.
7. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step e, the step (c),
e1, adjusting the running mode of the mill group according to the load change of the mill group;
e2, after adjusting the operation mode of the grinding unit, testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements; if the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements, continuing to operate; if the environmental protection index and the unit load do not meet the requirements, adjusting a coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bunker;
e3, executing the coal feeding instruction of the adjusted raw coal bin;
e5, determining the operation mode of the mill group according to the load of the mill group; testing whether the environmental protection index and the unit load meet the requirements or not; if the requirement is met, the operation is continued; if not, continue to step e 2.
8. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the adjustment grinding group operation mode comprises:
if the load of the unit is increased, reducing the output of the grinding group B, increasing the output of the grinding group A, C, E, F or starting the grinding group D;
if the load of the unit is stable, reducing the output of the grinding group B, keeping the output of the grinding group A, C, E, F to be maximum, and controlling the output of the grinding group D;
and if the load of the unit is reduced, increasing the output of the mill group B, reducing the output of the mill group A, C, E, F or closing the mill group D of the low-sulfur mill group.
9. The thermal power generating unit coal blending combustion method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in step e, the mode of adjusting the coal feeding instruction of the raw coal bunker comprises the following steps: reducing the received basic sulfur content of the raw coal bunker.
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