CN104226110A - Coal-fired boiler SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitration control method and system - Google Patents
Coal-fired boiler SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitration control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104226110A CN104226110A CN201410527517.6A CN201410527517A CN104226110A CN 104226110 A CN104226110 A CN 104226110A CN 201410527517 A CN201410527517 A CN 201410527517A CN 104226110 A CN104226110 A CN 104226110A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal-fired boiler SCR denitration control method and system. The method includes the steps of monitoring the molar ratio of ammonia and nitrogen in each section in real time before flue gas enters a catalyst, regulating ammonia injection branch pipe remote electric control regulating valves corresponding to each section to control ammonia supply amount of each section in real time according to a preset molar ratio of ammonia and nitrogen, and keeping the actually measured molar ratio of ammonia and nitrogen to be identical to the preset molar ratio of ammonia and nitrogen so as to prevent excessive ammonia injection and ensure even concentration distribution of nitric oxides at a denitration system outlet.
Description
Technical field
Pollutant in Coal Burning Boiler emission treatment field of the present invention, particularly a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control system.
Background technology
Increasingly strict along with thermal power plant's pollutant emission standard, selective-catalytic-reduction denitrified (SCR) becomes the requisite part of coal-burning boiler, and SCR is with liquefied ammonia or urea for reducing agent, and reducing NOx becomes N
2and H
2o, unreacted NH completely in course of reaction
3discharge with flue gas with the form of escape ammonia, a small amount of SO can be produced in coal-fired boiler combustion process simultaneously
3, unreacted NH
3and SO
3and the water generation combination reaction in flue gas generates ammonium hydrogen sulfate (ABS), chemical equation is:
escape NH by the reaction rate of the known ammonium hydrogen sulfate of equation in main and flue-gas temperature, flue gas
3concentration, SO
3concentration and H
2o concentration is relevant.
Ammonium hydrogen sulfate presents gaseous state, liquid state, graininess at different temperature respectively.Gaseous state or graininess ammonium hydrogen sulfate can flow through air preheater along with flue gas, can not have an impact to air preheater.And liquid sulfuric acid hydrogen ammonium seizure flying dust is very competent, can combine with the fly ash particle in flue gas, be attached to dust stratification air preheater heat transfer element being formed and melts salt-form, cause the stifled ash of burn into etc. of preheater, and then affect the heat exchange of preheater and the normal operation of unit.Therefore, reasonably control ammonia nitrogen mol ratio and ammonia spraying amount, ammonia slip concentration can be controlled from source, reduce or avoid the generation of ammonium hydrogen sulfate.
Current SCR denitrating flue gas automatic control mode is divided three classes substantially.
(1) according to the NH determined
3/ NOx mol ratio provides required gas ammonia flow (efficiency tracking).
(2) the denitrating system exit NOx concentration according to setting provides required gas ammonia flow (concentration tracing).
(3) based on the control model of Neural Network Self-learning.
First two control mode is called traditional control mode, and measuring-signal exists the hysteresis quality of long period, flue gas and NH
3there is strong nonlinearity in the time complexity under catalyst action, is difficult to control ammonia spraying amount accurately.Based on the control model of Neural Network Self-learning, the main state variables information that integrated learning is relevant with denitration efficiency, this network model training objective is that between exhanst gas outlet NOx content and setting value, deviation is minimum, ask for best ammonia spraying amount, this model has adaptivity, self-learning function, can be good at the deficiency that solution traditional PID control is brought.
But above-mentioned control mode existing defects comprises:
1, control extensive: current SCR system smoke components on-line monitoring system generally adopts extraction-type single-point to sample, namely to multi-channel flue-gas entrance and multi-way outlet, a monitoring point is only set, the representativeness of Monitoring Data and real-time are not strong, ignore the inhomogeneities of NOx regional distribution, be therefore easy to produce extensive control in working control.
2, carry out theory calculate according to efficiency tracking or concentration tracing and then control the aperture of the total pitch of spray ammonia, theory calculate cannot distribute with the NOx concentration in SCR flow field all the time and mate, thus causes NOx removal efficiency to decline and NH
3the generation of the phenomenon of escaping.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method and control system, in order to solve the not enough or excessive problem of existing control method ammonia spraying amount; Further, NOx skewness single-point can also be overcome to sample the extensive control problem caused.
For achieving the above object, the solution of the present invention comprises:
A kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method, detects and to enter before catalyst NOx concentration and ammonia density in flue gas, calculates ammonia nitrogen mol ratio before catalyst; According to the exhanst gas outlet NO preset
xconcentration and enter the difference size of NOx concentration in flue gas before catalyst, calculates preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio; With preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio for desired value, the ammonia nitrogen mol ratio before catalyst is feedforward amount, controls ammonia spraying amount by automatic control algorithm.
The vertical cross-section advanced at flue gas by SCR equipment is divided into some subregions, and the smoke inlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding to be equipped with before corresponding ammonia-gas spraying device, catalyst ammonia density checkout gear before NOx concentration checkout gear and catalyst; Each subregion independently carries out gathering and controlling.
The ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of described each subregion is
n
ibe the ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of i-th subregion,
for NO
2molal quantity,
for NH
3molal quantity,
for ammonia density before catalyst,
for NOx concentration before catalyst;
The preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of each subregion
For NO before SCR catalyst
xconcentration,
for NO in default exiting flue gas
xconcentration.
Described automatic control algorithm comprises pid algorithm or neural network algorithm.
Coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control system, comprise the smoke inlet chamber, catalyst chamber, the exhanst gas outlet chamber that are communicated with successively, the vertical cross-section that coal-burning boiler SCR denitration system is advanced at flue gas is divided into some subregions, and the smoke inlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding to be equipped with before corresponding ammonia-gas spraying device, catalyst ammonia density checkout gear (3) before NOx concentration checkout gear (2) and catalyst; Also comprise controller (1), controller sampling to connect before the catalyst of described each subregion ammonia density checkout gear (3) before NOx concentration checkout gear (2) and catalyst, the ammonia-gas spraying device of each subregion described in control connection.
Ammonia-gas spraying device comprises several nozzles, and nozzle connects spray ammonia house steward (5), and the spray ammonia branch road between spray ammonia house steward and nozzle is provided with control valve (4).
The exhanst gas outlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding is provided with checkout gear after the catalyst detecting NOx concentration in gas.
Introduce NOx concentration and ammonia density before preset NOx concentration, catalyst in control of the present invention, farthest can ensure to there will not be that spray ammonia is excessive or spray ammonia is not enough, then make while ensureing denitration efficiency and reduce ammonia consumption.Realize the Real-Time Monitoring of ammonia nitrogen mol ratio before catalyst, controlled in real time, effectively can control SCR denitration system outlet ammonia slip concentration, avoid ammonia slip concentration excessive cause air preheater, the equipment fault such as deduster and wet denitration system jams, corrosion, drastically increase the security and stability of unit operation.
Further, by whole system subregion, each subregion independent sample, control, realize partition zone optimizing and control, SCR denitration system each subregion exit NOx concentration value can be made to be consistent, reduce exit NOx concentration spread standard deviation, extending catalyst service life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the denitrating system of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As a kind of control method, the present invention is different from existing control method, and before choosing catalyst, ammonia nitrogen mol ratio is feedforward amount, and preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio is target, waits automatic control algorithm to control the control valve of ammonia-gas spraying device, to control ammonia spraying amount by such as PID control.
Concrete, before catalyst, ammonia nitrogen mol ratio is the product of the ratio of NOx concentration and ammonia density and the ratio of corresponding mole of value before catalyst; And the difference of NOx concentration and preset NOx concentration before preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio being converted into catalyst, with the ratio of NOx concentration before catalyst.
Introduce NOx concentration and ammonia density before preset NOx concentration, catalyst in control, farthest can ensure to there will not be that spray ammonia is excessive or spray ammonia is not enough, then make while ensureing denitration efficiency and reduce ammonia consumption.
Embodiment 2
Be illustrated in figure 1 a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration system of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise the smoke inlet chamber, catalyst chamber, the exhanst gas outlet chamber that are communicated with successively, the vertical cross-section that coal-burning boiler SCR denitration system is advanced at flue gas is divided into some regions, smoke inlet chamber corresponding to each region to be equipped with before corresponding ammonia-gas spraying device, catalyst ammonia density checkout gear 3 before NOx concentration checkout gear 2 and catalyst, and before catalyst, ammonia density checkout gear 3 is in ammonia-gas spraying device downstream.
Ammonia-gas spraying device comprises several nozzles, and nozzle connects spray ammonia house steward 5, and the spray ammonia branch road between spray ammonia house steward and nozzle is provided with control valve 4.Before catalyst, checkout gear output signal is connected to controller 1.
After coal-burning boiler denitrating system ammonia-spraying grid 10, before flue gas enters catalyst, NH is installed
3with NOx concentration checkout gear, for Real-Time Monitoring concentration.The ammonia nitrogen mol ratio that each subregion is real-time
at each spray ammonia arm, remote electrically controlled control valve, ammonia flow on-Line Monitor Device are installed, can each subregion NH of Real-Time Monitoring
3for amount; Preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio n ' is gone out according to each subregion entrance NOx actual measured value and corresponding subregion outlet NOx preset value calculation
i.
According to DL/T 260 " coal-fired plant flue gas denitrification apparatus performances acceptance test specification ", each subregion ammonia nitrogen mol ratio
according to process control needs,
level off to zero, therefore
(η
ithe denitration efficiency of each subregion,
ammonia slip concentration,
for NO before SCR catalyst
xconcentration,
for NO in default exiting flue gas
xconcentration).With each subregion actual measurement ammonia nitrogen mol ratio for feed-forward signal, with preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio for desired value, automatically the remote electrically controlled control valve of each subregion correspondence spray ammonia subregion is controlled by PLC or DCS (PID or with the control model based on Neural Network Self-learning), make actual measurement ammonia nitrogen mol ratio consistent with preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio, i.e. n=n '
i=η
i, reach the optimized object of ammonia spraying amount.
As other embodiments, other formulae discovery ammonia nitrogen mol ratios can also be selected, such as formula is out of shape or inlet coefficient etc.
In order to detect exhanst gas outlet situation, be provided with checkout gear after the catalyst detecting NOx concentration in gas at the exhanst gas outlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding.
Be presented above concrete embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.Basic ideas of the present invention are above-mentioned basic scheme, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to instruction of the present invention, designing the model of various distortion, formula, parameter does not need to spend creative work.The change carried out embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, amendment, replacement and modification still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method, is characterized in that,
Detection to enter before catalyst NOx concentration and ammonia density in flue gas, calculates ammonia nitrogen mol ratio before catalyst;
According to the exhanst gas outlet NO preset
xconcentration and enter the difference size of NOx concentration in flue gas before catalyst, calculates preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio;
With preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio for desired value, the ammonia nitrogen mol ratio before catalyst is feedforward amount, controls ammonia spraying amount by automatic control algorithm.
2. a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the vertical cross-section advanced at flue gas by SCR equipment is divided into some subregions, and the smoke inlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding to be equipped with before corresponding ammonia-gas spraying device, catalyst ammonia density checkout gear before NOx concentration checkout gear and catalyst; Each subregion independently carries out gathering and controlling.
3. a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of described each subregion is
ni is the ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of i-th subregion,
for NO
2molal quantity,
for NH
3molal quantity,
for ammonia density before catalyst,
for NOx concentration before catalyst;
The preset ammonia nitrogen mol ratio of each subregion
for NO before SCR catalyst
xconcentration,
for NO in default exiting flue gas
xconcentration.
4. a kind of coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described automatic control algorithm comprises pid algorithm or neural network algorithm.
5. apply the coal-burning boiler SCR denitration control system of control method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the smoke inlet chamber, catalyst chamber, the exhanst gas outlet chamber that are communicated with successively, the vertical cross-section that coal-burning boiler SCR denitration system is advanced at flue gas is divided into some subregions, and the smoke inlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding to be equipped with before corresponding ammonia-gas spraying device, catalyst ammonia density checkout gear (3) before NOx concentration checkout gear (2) and catalyst; Also comprise controller (1), controller sampling to connect before the catalyst of described each subregion ammonia density checkout gear (3) before NOx concentration checkout gear (2) and catalyst, the ammonia-gas spraying device of each subregion described in control connection.
6. control system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, ammonia-gas spraying device comprises several nozzles, and nozzle connects spray ammonia house steward (5), and the spray ammonia branch road between spray ammonia house steward and nozzle is provided with control valve (4).
7. control system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the exhanst gas outlet chamber that each subregion is corresponding is provided with checkout gear after the catalyst detecting NOx concentration in gas.
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| CN104678761A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-06-03 | 国家电网公司 | Total air volume advanced control-based denitration control method and system for thermal power unit |
| CN104826492A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-12 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Improvement method for selective catalytic reduction flue gas denitrification and ammonia injection control system |
| CN104841271A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-19 | 山东应天节能环保科技有限公司 | Desulfurization and denitrification automatic control system |
| CN104965021A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Performance evaluation device and performance evaluation method of coal-fired flue gas denitration catalyst |
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| CN105446137A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-30 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Thermal power generating unit ammonia spraying automatic control method and thermal power generating unit ammonia spraying automatic control system capable of eliminating large hysteresis quality |
| CN105597538A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-25 | 河北省电力建设调整试验所 | Denitration reductant adding control method based on time difference matching and control device of control method |
| CN105786035A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-20 | 东南大学 | Thermal power set SCR denitration optimization control system based on heuristic prediction control technology |
| CN105854598A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-08-17 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东分公司 | Uniform ammonia spraying system and method for controlling same |
| CN106000087A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 | High-performance SCR ultra-low emission control system based on subarea mixed adjustment |
| CN106215671A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-14 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中分公司 | A kind of thermal power plant denitration spray ammonia control method and device |
| CN106334444A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-01-18 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Low temperature continuous denitrification process for coke oven smoke and reactor thereof |
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| CN106621804A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-10 | 国家电网公司 | Fume ammonia injection mixing device and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) fume denitrification system |
| CN106647610A (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2017-05-10 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Intelligent SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitration control system and control method thereof |
| CN107088363A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-25 | 河北省电力建设调整试验所 | A kind of denitration unit distribution control and method of adjustment based on multi-Dimensional parameters |
| CN107252630A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-10-17 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of method for optimizing the distribution of SCR denitration system ammonia nitrogen mol ratio |
| CN107349786A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-11-17 | 大唐东北电力试验研究所有限公司 | Selective catalytic reduction denitration device and its spray ammonia optimization method |
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