CN110257080B

CN110257080B - Acidic soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110257080B
Application number: CN201910634378.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡冬清; 吴正岩; 高玉洁
Original assignee: Donghua University
Current assignee: Donghua University
Priority date: 2019-07-15
Filing date: 2019-07-15
Publication date: 2021-06-25
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-15
Also published as: CN110257080A

Abstract

The invention discloses an acidic soil remediation agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: is prepared by compounding natural nano clay, carbon-based fertilizer, alkaline mineral and pH slow-release substance. The acid soil remediation agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of acid soil according to the proportion of 50-100 kg/mu, and then rotary tillage is carried out. The invention takes attapulgite as a base material, prepares a functional nano-net through physicochemical modification, and loads carbon-based organic micromolecules and alkaline minerals to develop the acid soil remediation agent, can effectively inhibit soil acidification, and has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and the like, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Acidic soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an acidic soil remediation agent and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.

Background

More than two hundred million acres of acid soil exist in China, and the soil acidification degree is in an aggravation situation. The acidified soil is mainly distributed in the south of China, and the root cause of soil acidification is that the soil is changed into aluminum soil through base dissolution. Southern rains tend to cause salt-based cations (Ca) in the soil²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺) Leaching loss is caused, so that the adsorption sites on the surface of the soil colloid are easy to be externally input and the H secreted by the plant root system⁺Occupy, these H⁺Make Al in soil³⁺Released and hydrolyzed to produce H⁺And soil acidification is intensified. The soil acidification can cause the loss of trace elements in soil, cause nutrient deficiency, influence the crop yield and quality, and become a key factor for restricting the sustainable agricultural production of China.

The existing acid soil improvement technology mainly comprises modes of applying quicklime, organic fertilizers and the like, which can inhibit soil acidification to a certain degree, but have the following defects: 1) quicklime easily causes soil hardening and destroys the ecological balance of the soil; 2) the organic fertilizer has large using amount, consumes a large amount of labor and has high cost. These deficiencies limit their wide spread. Therefore, the research and development of a low-cost and light-weight and simplified acid soil remediation agent through scientific and technological innovation are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing acidic soil organic fertilizer has the technical problems of large using amount, labor consumption, high cost and the like.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of an acidic soil remediation agent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1): uniformly mixing the crushed straws and the cow dung in proportion, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a mixed solution;

step 2): adding ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), adjusting the pH value to 2-4, stirring at normal temperature, and sieving to obtain a carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid;

step 3): adding red mud into the carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid obtained in the step 2), stirring at normal temperature, adjusting the pH value to 7-9, drying and crushing;

step 4): uniformly mixing the powder obtained in the step 3) with attapulgite, biochar and potassium carbonate according to a proportion to obtain the acid soil remediation agent.

Preferably, the straws in the step 1) are wheat straws, rice straws or corn straws, and the length of the straws is 1-20 cm.

Preferably, the water content of the cow dung in the step 1) is 40-80 wt%; the mass ratio of the straws to the cow dung is (2-4): (3-5); the concentration of the obtained mixed solution is 100-300 g/L.

Preferably, the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate in the step 2) is 3-5 g/L of mixed solution; the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 10-30 mL/L of mixed solution; stirring parameters are 100-400 rpm for 2-5 h; stirring, and sieving with 30-50 mesh sieve.

Preferably, sulfuric acid is used as the pH value regulator in the step 2).

Preferably, the mesh number of the red mud in the step 3) is 100-200 meshes, and the addition amount of the carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid is 100-200 g/L; stirring parameters are 100-400 rpm for 10-20 min; the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃; and drying and crushing to 100-200 meshes.

Preferably, potassium hydroxide is used as the pH value regulator in the step 3).

Preferably, the fineness of the attapulgite in the step 4) is 100-.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the powder to the attapulgite, the biochar and the potassium carbonate in the step 4) is (3-5): (2-4): (2-4): (1-2).

The invention also provides an acidic soil remediation agent prepared by the preparation method of the acidic soil remediation agent.

The invention also provides application of the acid soil remediation agent, which is characterized in that the acid soil remediation agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of acid soil according to the proportion of 50-100 kg/mu, and then rotary tillage is carried out.

Preferably, the pH value of the acid soil is 4-6; after 30 days, the pH value is increased by 0.5-1.

The invention provides an acidic soil repairing agent, which is prepared by compounding natural nano clay, a carbon-based fertilizer, alkaline minerals and pH slow-release substances. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the natural nano clay improves the adsorption capacity of the soil to the basic cations and reduces the leaching loss of the basic cations;

2) soil microorganisms are activated through carbon-based organic micromolecules, soil organic matters are increased, and the adsorption capacity of basic cations is improved;

3) h + in the soil is neutralized by alkaline minerals. The three functions are synergistic to achieve the aim of restoring acid soil.

The implementation of the project can effectively promote the improvement of the acid soil and provide effective scientific and technological support for the implementation of the high-quality development of agriculture and the village vogue strategy in China.

Detailed Description

In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below.

Example 1

1) Crushed straws (wheat straws, 1cm long) and cow dung (water content 40 wt%) were mixed according to a ratio of 2: 3, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a mixed solution with the concentration of 100 g/L;

2) adding ferrous sulfate (3g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (10mL/L) into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), adjusting the pH value to 2 by using sulfuric acid, stirring at normal temperature (100rpm) for 2 hours, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid;

3) adding red mud (100 meshes, 100g/L) into the residual liquid obtained in the step (2), stirring at normal temperature (100rpm) for 10 minutes, adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 7, drying at 50 ℃, and crushing to 100 meshes;

4) mixing the powder obtained in (3) with attapulgite (100 mesh), biochar (100 mesh) and potassium carbonate (100 mesh) according to a ratio of 3: 2: 2: 1 to obtain the acid soil repairing agent;

5) the repairing agent is uniformly spread on the surface of soil (pH is 4) according to 50 kg/mu, then rotary tillage is carried out, and after 30 days, the pH value of the soil is increased by 0.5.

Example 2

1) Crushed straw (rice straw, 10cm long) and cow dung (water content 60 wt%) were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 4, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a mixed solution with the concentration of 200 g/L;

2) adding ferrous sulfate (4g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (20mL/L) into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), adjusting the pH value to 3 by using sulfuric acid, stirring at normal temperature (300rpm) for 3 hours, and sieving by using a 40-mesh sieve to obtain carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid;

3) adding red mud (150 meshes, 150g/L) into the residual liquid obtained in the step (2), stirring at normal temperature (200rpm) for 150 minutes, adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 8, drying at 80 ℃, and crushing to 150 meshes;

4) mixing the powder obtained in (3) with attapulgite (150 mesh), biochar (150 mesh) and potassium carbonate (150 mesh) according to a ratio of 4: 3: 3: 1.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the acid soil repairing agent;

5) the repairing agent is uniformly spread on the surface of soil (pH is 5) according to 70 kg/mu, then rotary tillage is carried out, and after 30 days, the pH value of the soil is increased by 0.7.

Example 3

1) Crushed straw (corn stover, 20cm long) and cow dung (water content 80 wt%) were mixed according to a ratio of 4: 5, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a mixed solution with the concentration of 300 g/L;

2) adding ferrous sulfate (5g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (30mL/L) into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), adjusting the pH value to 4 by using sulfuric acid, stirring at normal temperature (400rpm) for 5 hours, and sieving by using a 50-mesh sieve to obtain carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid;

3) adding red mud (200 meshes, 200g/L) into the residual liquid obtained in the step (2), stirring at normal temperature (400rpm) for 20 minutes, adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 9, drying at 100 ℃, and crushing to 200 meshes;

4) mixing the powder obtained in (3) with attapulgite (200 mesh), biochar (200 mesh) and potassium carbonate (200 mesh) according to a ratio of 5: 4: 4: 2, uniformly mixing the components in a mass ratio to obtain the acid soil remediation agent;

5) the repairing agent is uniformly spread on the surface of soil (pH is 5) according to 100 kg/mu, then rotary tillage is carried out, and after 30 days, the pH value of the soil is increased by 1.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an acidic soil remediation agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1): uniformly mixing the crushed straws and the cow dung in proportion, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the straws to the cow dung is (2-4): (3-5); the concentration of the obtained mixed solution is 100-300 g/L;

step 2): adding ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), adjusting the pH value to 2-4, stirring at normal temperature, and sieving to obtain a carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid; the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate is 3-5 g/L of mixed solution; the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 10-30 mL/L of mixed solution;

step 3): adding red mud into the carbon-based organic micromolecule liquid obtained in the step 2), stirring at normal temperature, adjusting the pH value to 7-9, drying and crushing; the mesh number of the red mud is 100-200 meshes, and the addition amount of the red mud is 100-200 g/L of carbon-based organic micromolecular liquid;

step 4): uniformly mixing the powder obtained in the step 3) with attapulgite, biochar and potassium carbonate according to a proportion to obtain an acidic soil remediation agent; the mass ratio of the powder to the attapulgite, the biochar and the potassium carbonate is (3-5): (2-4): (2-4): (1-2).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the straw in step 1) is wheat, rice or corn straw, and the length of the straw is 1-20 cm; the water content of the cow dung is 40-80 wt%.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the stirring of step 2) is carried out at 100-400 rpm for 2-5 hours; stirring, and sieving with 30-50 mesh sieve.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said pH adjusting agent of step 2) is sulfuric acid.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the stirring of step 3) is carried out at 100-400 rpm for 10-20 min; the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃; and drying and crushing to 100-200 meshes.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said pH adjusting agent of step 3) is potassium hydroxide.

7. The method for preparing an acidic soil remediation agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the attapulgite in step 4) is 100-200 mesh, the fineness of the charcoal is 100-200 mesh, and the fineness of the potassium carbonate is 100-200 mesh.

8. An acidic soil remediation agent prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The use of the acidic soil remediation agent of claim 8 wherein the agent is applied by uniformly spreading over the surface of the acidic soil at a rate of 50-100 kg/acre followed by rotary tillage.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the acidic soil has a pH of 4 to 6; after 30 days, the pH value is increased by 0.5-1.