CN110257075B - Modifier for treating saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Modifier for treating saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modifier for treating saline-alkali soil, which is a yeast biological microsphere, wherein yeast cells are yeast hyphae; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 15-20g/L, and the wet weight is high; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing dried potato and furfural residue powder; (2) preparing a co-matrix of dried potato, furfural residue powder and yeast; (3) preparing the yeast microspheres. The saccharomycete microspheres are prepared, the saccharomycete can ferment to produce citric acid, and the microspheres can be used for treating the saline-alkali soil under the condition of being separated from an exogenous nutrient medium, so that the harsh requirement on the external environment is reduced, and the treatment cost of the saline-alkali soil is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of treatment of microorganisms and saline-alkali soil, relates to a material for treating the saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a modifier for treating the saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil contains more water-soluble salt or alkaline substances, has more salt and large alkalinity, soil humus runs off, soil structure is damaged, the soil structure is sticky when wet and hard when dry, white salt is often separated out on the soil surface, ventilation and water permeation are poor, and plants are difficult to grow in the saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the improvement of saline-alkali soil is a very significant work.
At present, the method for improving saline-alkali soil in China is to develop saline-alkali resistant plants and utilize the plants to improve and repair the soil; and secondly, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved. And the salt content and the alkali content are reduced by adopting a leaching mode. The soil improvement is carried out by using the plants, so that the tolerance of the plants is higher, the applicable varieties are fewer, and the grass cannot grow in some extreme soil. The measure for improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil has the problems of large investment and low economic return, and the application of chemical fertilizers not only destroys the soil structure of saline-alkali soil, but also easily deteriorates the physical and chemical properties of the soil and lacks nutrients required by plant growth. The leaching mode is adopted, the irrigation needs to be matched for use, and more irrigation and drainage easily causes soil nutrient loss and rapid increase of soil volume weight, so that hardening is more serious. Therefore, a new means is imperative to reform the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the modifier for treating the saline-alkali soil, the yeast can be fermented to generate citric acid by preparing the microspheres of the yeast, and the microspheres can be used for treating the saline-alkali soil under the condition of being separated from an exogenous nutrient medium, so that the harsh requirement on the external environment is reduced, and the treatment cost of the saline-alkali soil is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an improver for treating saline-alkali soil is a yeast biological microsphere, and yeast cells are yeast hypha; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 15-20g/L, and the wet weight is high; the yeast is lipolysis yeast or tropical yeast, or Y. Lipotica is in a binary state, is divided into a single-cell bacterial state and a multi-cell bacterial state, is in a cream-like to film-like bacterial colony, is a vegetative somatic cell budding reproduction, cannot live at a temperature of more than 32 ℃, is an aerobic bacterium, can be separated from foods such as cheese, yoghourt and sausage, and has no pathogenicity.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing dried potato and furfural residue powder;
(2) preparing a co-matrix of dried potato, furfural residue powder and yeast; culturing saccharomycetes in a liquid culture medium for 5-7 days, filtering and filtering the culture medium, collecting hyphae, putting the collected hyphae into water, scattering the hyphae by using glass beads, shaking up the glass beads, adding dried potato powder, wherein the mass ratio of the hyphae to the dried potato powder to the furfural residue powder is 8-10: 1:1, uniformly mixing, then culturing in a liquid culture medium for 2 days, and filtering the culture medium by using fine gauze to obtain a co-matrix of potato dry powder, furfural residues and saccharomycetes;
(3) preparing yeast microspheres;
according to the mass ratio of 0.5-2: 1 weighing yeast co-matrix and embedding material, wherein the mixing mode is as follows: dissolving the weighed embedding material in distilled water of 5-20 times of the mass, magnetically heating, stirring and dissolving, adding the co-matrix of the yeast after cooling to 30 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5min to uniformly mix the embedding material and the yeast; or directly mixing with yeast co-matrix; or a combination of both; then dripping the mixture into the embedding material fixing solution, standing for 0.5-2h, and washing with normal saline to obtain the yeast biological microspheres.
In the microspheres of the yeast, the content of the carbon source is kept to be not less than 30mg/g, and the C/N is 300-360 ℃, which is beneficial to the generation of acid.
Further, the embedding material is one or a mixture of several of chitin-polyacrylic acid, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, agar and paraffin.
Further, the liquid medium comprises the following components: xylose 20g/L, KH2PO42g/L, 0.25g/L of zinc citrate, 0.1g/L of phytic acid, 10g/L of olive oil, 0.2g/L of tartaric acid, 150mL/L of trace elements and the pH value of 5-6.
Further, the embedding material fixing solution is calcium chloride aqueous solution and phosphoric acid buffer solution; the mass concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 1.5-3%, the phosphoric acid buffer solution is potassium phosphate buffer solution, and the pH value of the phosphoric acid buffer solution is 2-6.
Further, the preparation method of the chitin-polyacrylic acid comprises the following steps: chitin and polyacrylic acid (mass ratio is 2: 1) are mixed and dissolved in an acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1 percent to prepare a solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3 percent. The acid solution is a boric acid saturated solution of zinc citrate. The mass concentration of the zinc citrate in the saturated boric acid solution of the zinc citrate is 1-2 g/L.
The yeast biological microspheres are refrigerated and stored at 0-3 ℃, and can be used for treating saline-alkali soil.
The saccharomycete microsphere is applied to saline-alkali soil without propagation and acid matter production at low temperature, saccharomycete is propagated first and fermented with carbon source to produce acid matter, such as citric acid, permeating through the surface of the microsphere to the saline-alkali soil to improve the salt alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, and the acid matter is released slowly for long effective acting time.
Advantageous effects
(1) The stability is strong, the yeast microspheres adopt an immobilization treatment method for the yeast, and the immobilization form improves the effectiveness of the yeast for generating acidic substances. The saccharomycete produces acidic matter mainly by decomposing the dried potato powder in the microsphere, and has high saccharomycete microsphere utilization rate, and the embedded cassava powder may be used as nutritious matter in the initial stage of the growth process to modify saline and alkaline land and improve the salt alkalinity of saline and alkaline land effectively to prolong the service life.
2) Is environment-friendly. The saccharomycete microballoon may be used in treating saline land directly without adding additional nutritious source to the waste water to reduce secondary pollution. According to the invention, abundant potato dry powder, furfural residues and yeast are adopted to form a co-matrix, so that waste is reasonably utilized; and after the yeast microspheres are used for treating the saline-alkali soil, the yeast microspheres can be effectively separated from the soil by irrigation or directly decomposed into the saline-alkali soil, and the nutrient components in the microspheres are suitable for being used as organic fertilizers in the soil and have no pollution to the environment.
3) The effect is good. The microzyme microsphere system provides an excellent environment for the growth of microzyme, and the adverse effect of the external environment on the acidic substance degradation enzyme system generated by microzyme is reduced to be very low under the protection of the outer sphere, so that the microsphere system has an excellent effect when being used for treating saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A modifier for treating saline-alkali soil comprises yeast cells as yeast hypha; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 15-20g/L, and the wet weight is high; the yeast is Y.Lipotica in a binary state, is divided into a single-cell state and a multi-cell state, is a cream-like to film-like bacterial colony, is an aerobic bacterium, can not live at a temperature of more than 32 ℃ and can be separated from foods such as cheese, yoghourt and sausage, and has no pathogenicity.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing dried potato and furfural residue powder, wherein the mesh number of the dried potato and the furfural residue powder is 180-mesh and 200-mesh;
(2) preparing a co-matrix of dried potato, furfural residue powder and yeast; culturing saccharomycetes in a liquid culture medium for 7 days, filtering and filtering the culture medium, collecting hyphae, placing the collected hyphae in water, scattering the hyphae by using glass beads, shaking up, adding dried potato powder and furfural residue powder, uniformly mixing the hyphae, the dried potato powder and the furfural residue powder in a mass ratio of 10:1:1, culturing in the liquid culture medium for 2 days, and filtering the culture medium by using fine gauze to obtain a culture medium body of the dried potato powder, the furfural residue and the saccharomycetes; the liquid culture medium comprises the following components: xylose 20g/L, KH2PO42g/L, 0.25g/L of zinc citrate, 0.1g/L of phytic acid, 10g/L of olive oil, 0.2g/L of tartaric acid, 150mL/L of trace elements and the pH value of 5.
(3) Preparing yeast microspheres;
according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1: 0.5 weighing saccharomycete co-matrix, embedding material and paraffin, dissolving the weighed embedding material chitin-polyacrylic acid in distilled water in 20 times the weight, magnetically heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling to 30 ℃, adding paraffin, dried potato powder, furfural residue and saccharomycete co-matrix, magnetically stirring for 5min to mix uniformly, then dripping into calcium chloride water solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, standing for 2h, and washing with physiological saline to obtain saccharomycete biological microspheres;
the preparation method of the chitin-polyacrylic acid comprises the following steps: chitin and polyacrylic acid (mass ratio is 2: 1) are mixed and dissolved in an acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1 percent to prepare a solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3 percent. The acid solution is a boric acid saturated solution of zinc citrate. The mass concentration of the zinc citrate in the saturated boric acid solution of the zinc citrate is 1-2 g/L. In the embodiment, the yeast cells are yeast hyphae; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 18.9g/L, and the wet weight is heavy.
The yeast biological microspheres are refrigerated and stored at 0-3 ℃, and can be used for treating saline-alkali soil.
Example 2
A modifier for treating saline-alkali soil comprises yeast cells as yeast hypha; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 15-20g/L, and the wet weight is high; the yeast is Y.Lipotica in a binary state, is divided into a single-cell state and a multi-cell state, is a cream-like to film-like bacterial colony, is an aerobic bacterium, can not live at a temperature of more than 32 ℃ and can be separated from foods such as cheese, yoghourt and sausage, and has no pathogenicity.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing dried potato and furfural residue powder, wherein the mesh number of the dried potato and the furfural residue powder is 200 meshes and 250 meshes;
(2) preparing a co-matrix of dried potato, furfural residue powder and yeast; culturing saccharomycetes in a liquid culture medium for 5 days, filtering and filtering the culture medium, collecting hyphae, putting the collected hyphae into water, scattering the hyphae by using glass beads, shaking up the glass beads, adding dried potato powder and furfural residue powder, wherein the mass ratio of the hyphae to the dried potato powder to the furfural residue powder is 8: 1:1, uniformly mixing, then culturing in a liquid culture medium for 2 days, and filtering the culture medium by using fine gauze to obtain a co-matrix of potato dry powder, furfural residues and saccharomycetes; the liquid culture medium comprises the following components: xylose 20g/L, KH2PO42g/L, 0.25g/L of zinc citrate, 0.1g/L of phytic acid, 10g/L of olive oil, 0.2g/L of tartaric acid, 150mL/L of trace elements and pH value of 6.
(3) Preparing yeast microspheres;
according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1: 0.5 weighing yeast co-matrix and polyvinyl alcohol and paraffin, dissolving the weighed polyvinyl alcohol in distilled water with the mass of 10 times, magnetically heating, stirring and dissolving, adding the paraffin, dried potato powder, furfural residue and yeast co-matrix after cooling to 30 ℃, magnetically stirring for 5min to uniformly mix, then dripping into a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 2-6, standing for 2h, and washing with physiological saline to obtain yeast biological microspheres; in the embodiment, the yeast cells are yeast hyphae; when the yeast is hypha, the concentration is 16.7g/L and the wet weight is heavy.
The yeast biological microspheres are refrigerated and stored at 0-3 ℃, and can be used for treating saline-alkali soil.
The microspheres prepared in the embodiment 1-2 are uniformly spread in saline-alkali soil at 10-15 kg/mu, and under appropriate conditions, yeast is propagated firstly, then a carbon source is utilized for fermentation to generate acidic substances, and the acidic substances permeate into the saline-alkali soil through the surfaces of the microspheres, so that the salt alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil is improved, the microspheres can be slowly released, and the effective action time can be prolonged. After a period of action, the saline-alkali soil is irrigated, and the decomposed microspheres can be used as a fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
The landscape garden saline-alkali soil is used as a test field, the total salt content of 0-40 cm of surface soil is 2.54%, the pH value is 8.35, the conductivity is 7.75, and the landscape garden saline-alkali soil is typical saline soil. The saline-alkali soil after the action has the salt content of 0.09-0.15 percent and the pH value reduced to 7.3-7.4.
Meanwhile, the survival rate of ornamental flowers or trees, shrubs and lawns is obviously improved by 1-6 percent compared with the survival rate before the plants are not treated.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (1)
1. The modifier for treating the saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the modifier is a yeast biological microsphere, yeast cells are yeast hyphae, the concentration is 18.9g/L, and the wet weight is high; the yeast is Y.Lipotica; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing dried potato and furfural residue powder, wherein the mesh number of the dried potato and the furfural residue powder is 180-mesh and 200-mesh;
(2) preparing a co-matrix of dried potato, furfural residue powder and yeast; culturing saccharomycetes in a liquid culture medium for 7 days, filtering and filtering the culture medium, collecting hyphae, placing the collected hyphae in water, scattering the hyphae by using glass beads, shaking up, adding dried potato powder and furfural residue powder, uniformly mixing the hyphae, the dried potato powder and the furfural residue powder in a mass ratio of 10:1:1, culturing in the liquid culture medium for 2 days, and filtering the culture medium by using fine gauze to obtain a culture medium body of the dried potato powder, the furfural residue and the saccharomycetes;
the liquid culture medium comprises the following components: xylose 20g/L, KH2PO42g/L, 0.25g/L of zinc citrate, 0.1g/L of phytic acid, 10g/L of olive oil, 0.2g/L of tartaric acid, 150mL/L of trace elements and 5 of pH;
(3) preparing yeast microspheres;
according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1: 0.5 weighing potato dry powder, furfural residues, yeast co-matrix, chitin-polyacrylic acid and paraffin, dissolving the chitin-polyacrylic acid in distilled water with the mass of 20 times, magnetically heating, stirring and dissolving, adding the paraffin, the potato dry powder, the furfural residues and the yeast co-matrix after cooling to 30 ℃, magnetically stirring for 5min to uniformly mix the mixture, then dropwise adding the mixture into calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, standing for 2h, and washing with physiological saline to obtain yeast biological microspheres;
the preparation method of the chitin-polyacrylic acid comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving chitin and polyacrylic acid in a mass ratio of 2: 1 in an acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1% to prepare a solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3%; the acid solution is a boric acid saturated solution of zinc citrate; the mass concentration of the zinc citrate in the saturated boric acid solution of the zinc citrate is 1-2 g/L.
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| CN1865195A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2006-11-22 | 刘凡 | Method for preparing fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land |
| CN106011124A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-12 | 齐鲁工业大学 | White rot fungus biological microsphere and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1865195A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2006-11-22 | 刘凡 | Method for preparing fertilizer dedicated to alkaline land |
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