CN110235710A - A kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth - Google Patents
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth Download PDFInfo
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- CN110235710A CN110235710A CN201910519743.2A CN201910519743A CN110235710A CN 110235710 A CN110235710 A CN 110235710A CN 201910519743 A CN201910519743 A CN 201910519743A CN 110235710 A CN110235710 A CN 110235710A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention provides plant factor's cultural method of a three-coloured amaranth, specific method includes: seed treatment and sprouts hardening phase, nursery stage, setting date and harvesting.The present invention makes the cultivation of three-coloured amaranth get rid of soil, temperature, region and the limitation in season using plant factor's simulation climate and light environment, it can be realized the uninterrupted production in anniversary, the yield of three-coloured amaranth can be improved in nutrient solution and illumination regulation stage by stage, improve condition and flavor, the present invention can be realized the plantation of the three-coloured amaranth difference type of merchandise, and provide disposable harvesting and repeatedly two kinds of picking methods of harvesting, repeatedly harvesting advantageously reduces seed costs, shorten collecting time, yield is improved, is saved human and material resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant factor's Cultivating techniques of three-coloured amaranth, and in particular to a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth.
Background technique
Three-coloured amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) is a kind of annual herb plant of Amaranthaceae, is in Amaranthaceae Amaranthus with soft
Young stem and leaf is the annual herb plant of edible part, originates in China, and in China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc., country is used as vegetable
Dish is cultivated.In three-coloured amaranth leaf contain high concentration lysine, can supplement cereal amino acid composition defect, very suitable for baby and
Teenager is edible, has good effect to enhancing development, has especially to the baby fed with milk replacers such as milk, milk powder
Benefit.Iron, calcium content be higher than spinach, be fresh vegetables in outstanding person, facilitation can be played to the growth of tooth and bone, also
It is suitable for Anemic patients, women and designed for old people, maintenance normal myocardium activity, promotes blood coagulation, hematopoiesis and blood carrying oxygen
Function.Root, fruit and all herbal medicine of three-coloured amaranth have improving eyesight, sharp stool and urine, go the effect of fever and chills.Often edible three-coloured amaranth can
Increase vitamin abundant, minerals, and helpful digestion, therefore has the title of " longevity greens/mustard green ".
Three-coloured amaranth happiness is warm, more heat-resisting, grows 23~27 DEG C of thermophilic, and 20 DEG C or less slow growths belong to short day vegetable, in height
Under the conditions of warm short-day, easy bolting is bloomed, and seed grain is small, and it is larger to sow uniform difficulty.
The prior art by seed mix sand or mix soil in the way of sowed, more wasteful seed, summer and autumn high temperature long day
It is cultivated according to period, sunshade net is needed to cool down, lid night in daytime takes off, and artificial creation is conducive to the thermophilic environment of three-coloured amaranth growth, otherwise amaranth
Dish can influence quality and yield because sunshine is short or low temperature and rapidly blossoms and bears fruit.
In conclusion since three-coloured amaranth happiness is warm heat-resisting, it is more demanding to cultivation condition, hold under conditions of high temperature short-day
Easy bolting is bloomed, and product quality is unstable, and production efficiency is low and existing sow more wastes seed.Therefore how three-coloured amaranth is realized
Stablize cleaner production, and guarantees that the stay in grade of three-coloured amaranth is uniform and superior flavor is those skilled in the art's skill urgently to be resolved
Art problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivations of the plant factor of three-coloured amaranth
Method wastes seed when for solving and sow in the prior art, and three-coloured amaranth rapidly blossoms and bears fruit, and what yield and quality was difficult to balance asks
Topic.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth, and feature is in full human controllable's environment
It is cultivated under plant factor's cropping pattern, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and sprouting hardening
Seed preparation: the seed soaking device that seed is packed into 500ml is soaked seed 4-12h, will be floating to the water of 300ml or more and bad
Flat seed is poured out and selects the lukewarm water leaching that the seed for suctioning moisture carries out 50 DEG C -55 DEG C to remove supernatant bad flat seed
Kind, the seed soaked normal-temperature water is rinsed 1-2 times, dries, sowed by seed soaking time 10-15min；By hoting water treatment of seeds
The suspend mode that seed can be broken increases the vigor of seed, and can play the role of sterilizing pesticide.
Sowing: seed soaking is sowed after drying with microtia strainer；Since three-coloured amaranth seed is smaller, broadcast using microtia strainer
The uniformity of sowing efficiency and sowing can be improved in kind, is facilitated much compared with traditional cultivation using coarse sand seed dressing.
Vernalization: the seed plate that sowing is completed is placed in germinating box or germinating cabinet, is kept sowing medium to be sufficiently humidified so as to, is controlled
Temperature is 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, and preferably 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, relative humidity 70%-100%, vernalization 36-72h are to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；At 23 DEG C -25
Vernalization can significantly improve germination percentage at DEG C, shorten germinating time, and germination percentage can be improved to 95%, and germinating time is about 36 small
When.
(2) nursery stage
Cotyledon growth period: it to kind of a skin cracking, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out cotyledon growth, three-coloured amaranth on hardening bed under illumination condition
Cotyledon growth period it is more slow, take around 4-6 days, and root system is not flourishing enough, need to keep low concentration nutrient solution be located at sowing
The parallel position in medium bottom, grows to cotyledon, root growth to 1-2cm, reduces 0.5- under nutrient solution water level to medium
1cm can effectively prevent the case where causing green alga to breed due to Absorption of Medium nutrient solution under illumination, it is also ensured that seedling
Healthy growth.Environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~20 DEG C；Relative humidity is 50~90%, titanium dioxide
Concentration of carbon is 800-1200ppm；
Root growth initial stage: being cultivated under illumination condition, is flattened to cotyledon, and main root is pierced by medium 2cm or more, at this time
Lateral root is not developed, it has not been convenient to be transplanted, be needed to carry out the development of lateral root, improve nutrient solution EC value, reduce nutrient solution water level, stay
Enough same spaces out, during which need to add nutrient solution 1-3 times, and are advisable every time with shallow water position, complete to root system development, seedling
When true leaf occurs, culturing and transplanting seedlings are carried out, environmental condition is consistent with cotyledon growth period；
Fast growing period: after the generation of seedling true leaf, plant strain growth is rapid, need to suitably supplement N element adjustment nutrient solution EC,
Intensity of illumination is improved, adjustment planting density is 150-400 plants/m2, environmental condition is consistent with cotyledon growth period；
(3) it is colonized
Field planting includes that plant type moulds phase and maturity period, when seedling length to 4 true leaves, with 50-200 plants/m2Density exist
It carries out point planting field planting under illumination condition, at internode number 2-3 progress plant type adjustment long to 6-15cm to plant；It is long extremely to three-coloured amaranth
Maturity period is repeatedly trimmed and is harvested, and trimming retains the first segment continued growth that each side shoot has axillary bud every time, or simultaneously
Trimming and finishing is carried out to root, until forming one or more plant types, three-coloured amaranth side shoot hair tonic is fast, and the later period need to add N fertilizer, improves battalion
Nutrient solution EC concentration can be harvested once, can be harvested 2-6 times, environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 for every 7-15 days
DEG C/23~20 DEG C, relative humidity is maintained at 50~90%, gas concentration lwevel 400-1200ppm；By repeatedly to plant
Trimming can obtain more branches and blade, and form suitable one or more kinds of plant types, and the later period is by improving nutrition
Liquid concentration can effectively increase nutrition required for the seedling maturity period, guarantee the normal growth and development of seedling；
(4) it harvests
Directly harvest: after plant adjustment when side shoot it is long to 10-30cm when, carry out root to whole and harvest；
Continuous harvesting: after plant length to 10-12 piece great Ye, side shoot occurs for three-coloured amaranth, long to 10-25cm, about 6-8 piece to side shoot
Ye Shi carries out training harvesting to side shoot, and harvesting position is 2cm or more above side shoot first segment, avoids blade overlapping direction and carries out
Trimming, successively harvests, can make full use of space, gradually improve yield, same area shaping is conducive to smooth cutting and adopts
It receives, improves harvest efficiency, harvesting carries out before the dark phase terminates bright beginning, avoids damage to lower blade, interval can adopt for 7-15 days
It receives once, red three-coloured amaranth can harvest 2-3 times, and green amaranth dish and colored three-coloured amaranth can harvest 3-6 times.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, cotyledon growth period nutrient solution EC value is 0.6-1.0mS/cm, pH value in step (2)
Control is between 6.0-8, and nutrient group is divided into potassium nitrate content for 780mg/L in nutrient solution；Determining ammonium biphosphate content is
150mg/L；Sulfuric acid potassium content is 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron content is 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate content is
450mg/L；Sulfuric acid content of magnesium is 110mg/L；Boric acid content is 2mg/L；Sulfuric acid monohydrate manganese content is 1.5mg/L；Seven water sulfuric acid
Zn content is 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid copper content is 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate content is 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium
0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L, solution temperature maintain 22-18 DEG C.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, root growth initial stage nutrient solution EC value is 0.8-1.5mS/cm, pH in step (2)
Between 6.0-8, solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C for value control.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, fast growing period nutrient solution EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, PH control in step (2)
For system between 6.5-8, solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C.
In order to which the present invention, illumination condition in step (2) specifically: spectral composition are as follows: wavelength 400-499nm is better achieved
Light quantity subnumber proportion be 21-25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14-15%, wavelength 600-
The light quantity subnumber proportion of 699nm is 46-50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 12%-17%, cotyledon growth
Phase and root growth initial stage intensity of illumination are 150-250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 10-18h, fast growing period light
It is 200-250 μm of olm according to intensity-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-18h.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, the relative humidities in step (2) are maintained at 60~75%.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, in step (3) plant type adjustment be by the second section of plant to mention the side plucked
Formula extracts top, and red three-coloured amaranth is erased terminal bud and the second section side shoot axillary bud at the 2 ± 0.5cm distance of second node top, is conducive to
The growth of first and second section side shoot carries out trimming harvesting, has from first of side shoot when the second section collateral generation is to 6-20cm
It is trimmed at 1.5~3cm on the section of bud point；Green amaranth dish due to field planting after the speed of growth it is very fast, the first round harvesting when pass through trimming
Carry out plant type adjustment, when plant it is long to 15-30cm when, carry out trimming harvesting at 1.5-2cm above the first segment (having axillary bud).It is color
Color three-coloured amaranth plant strain growth is fast, and restoring force is strong, when plant it is long to 4-10cm when, retain 2 side shoots of first segment, remove trunk.Pass through
The healing that the mode plucked is conducive to wound is proposed, while also can adequately utilize space and illumination, promotes the growth of side shoot.
It is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, pH value that in order to which the present invention is better achieved, in step (3), plant type, which moulds phase phase nutrient solution EC,
Between 6.5-8, solution temperature condition is 22-18 DEG C for control, properly increases the ratio of N, P, K, nutrient in nutrient solution
Group is divided into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate 460mg/L, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 32mg/L).Trimming every time
After harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and plant is long to recycling repetition nutrient solution condition after the maturity period.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, relative humidities are maintained at 60~75% in step (3).
In order to which the present invention, illumination condition in step (3) is better achieved specifically: intensity of illumination is 200-300 μm of ol
m-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-18h, spectral composition: light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1%, the wavelength of wavelength 380-399nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion for 400-499nm is 13-15%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 17-
19%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 600-699nm is 50-55%, shared by the light quantity subnumber that wavelength is 700-780nm
Ratio is 13-17%.
As described above, three-coloured amaranth plant factor provided by the invention cultural method, has the advantages that
1. the present invention is cultivated using plant factor's cropping pattern of full human controllable's environment, provided most in plant factor
Excellent temperature, luminous environment, nutrient solution, make the cultivation of three-coloured amaranth get rid of soil, temperature, region and the limitation in season, Neng Goushi
Existing anniversary continual production.
2. the present invention the maturity period by repeatedly to plant carry out trimming adjust plant type, can obtain more branches and
Blade, and form one or more kinds of plant types of suitable three-coloured amaranth plant strain growth.
3. using the seeding method in step of the present invention (1), can be improved three-coloured amaranth seed sowing efficiency and sowing it is equal
Even property.
4. using the vernalization mode in step of the present invention (1), the germination percentage of three-coloured amaranth seed can be improved to 95%, germination percentage
Raising reduce usage amount, seed and the land used cost of seed, the raising of germination percentage is conducive to save the electricity consumption of vernalization, nursery
And cost of labor, be conducive to concentrate nurturing staff, improve yield and kind.
5. increasing three-coloured amaranth root system with three-coloured amaranth root distance by adjusting nutrient solution in step (2) of the present invention to contact with air
With the chance of oxygen uptake, make the growth that three-coloured amaranth is more healthy.
6. the present invention solves the limit that three-coloured amaranth is influenced by season and temperature by plant factor's simulation climate and light environment
System.
7. the present invention can effectively avoid three-coloured amaranth bolting from blooming by the EC value and pH value of adjusting different phase nutrient solution,
Amaranth can be improved, keep the condition flavor of three-coloured amaranth more excellent.
8. by carrying out trimming adjustment to plant type in step (3) of the present invention, is conducive to mould and can be improved Amaranth
Plant type, being also beneficial to the later period repeatedly harvests three-coloured amaranth.
9. the primary harvesting and repeatedly harvesting of the achievable three-coloured amaranth of the present invention, primary harvesting are conducive to keep the complete of plant
Property, repeatedly side shoot is timely harvested, can be avoided the influence to three-coloured amaranth quality, while be also beneficial to reduce seed at
This, shortens collecting time, improves yield.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth is chosen three-coloured amaranth seed and is planted, and specific plantation step is as follows:
(1) seed treatment and sprouting hardening
1) seed: being packed into the seed soaking device seed soaking 4h of 500ml by seed preparation, will be floating to the water and seed of 300ml or more
It pours out, selects hoting water treatment of seeds for 50 DEG C DEG C of seed progress for suctioning moisture, seed soaking time 10min, the seed room temperature that will have been soaked
Water rinses 1 time, dries, is sowed.
2) it sows: since three-coloured amaranth seed is smaller, after seed soaking is dried, being sowed using microtia strainer to improve
The efficiency of sowing；
3) vernalization: the seed plate that sowing is completed is placed in germinating box, keeps sowing medium to be sufficiently humidified so as to, controlled at 23
DEG C, relative humidity 70%-100%, until the 36h that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, switchs to hardening disk for seed tray；
(2) nursery stage
Cotyledon growth period: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out cotyledon on hardening bed under illumination condition
Growth, specific intensity of illumination are 150 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 10h, spectral composition is the light of wavelength 400-499nm
Quantum number proportion is 25%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 15%, the light of wavelength 600-699nm
Quantum number proportion is 46%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 14%, long to fast growing period, light to seedling
It is 200 μm of olm according to intensity-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12h；Environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~
20℃；For relative humidity 60~75%, gas concentration lwevel 400-1000ppm, cotyledon growth period nutrient solution EC value is 0.6-
1.0mS/cm, pH value 6.0-8, solution temperature maintain 22-18 DEG C, and nutrient group is divided into potassium nitrate content in nutrient solution
For 780mg/L；Determining ammonium biphosphate content is 150mg/L；Sulfuric acid potassium content is 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron content
For 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate content is 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid content of magnesium is 110mg/L；Boric acid content is 2mg/L；Sulfuric acid monohydrate
Manganese content is 1.5mg/L；White vitriol content is 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid copper content is 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Content is 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L keeps low concentration
Nutrient solution is located at the parallel position in sowing medium bottom, grows, root growth to 1-2cm to cotyledon, reduces nutrient solution water level extremely
0.5-1cm under medium is flattened to cotyledon to root growth initial stage, and main root is pierced by medium 2cm or more, is improved nutrient solution EC value and is
0.8-1.5mS/cm, pH value control between 6.0-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, reduce nutrient solution water level, during which
Nutrient solution need to be added 1-3 times, be completed to root system development, when seedling true leaf occurs, carry out culturing and transplanting seedlings, it is appropriate to supplement N element tune
Whole nutrient solution EC is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and PH is controlled between 6.5-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, and it is strong to improve illumination
Degree, adjustment planting density are 150 plants/m2。
(3) it is colonized
Field planting includes that plant type moulds phase and maturity period, when seedling length to 4 true leaves, with 50 plants/m2Density in illumination
Under the conditions of carry out point planting field planting, planted under illumination condition, specific intensity of illumination is 200 μm of olm-2·s-1, when illumination
A length of 12h, the light that light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1% that spectral composition is wavelength 380-399nm, wavelength are 400-499nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that quantum number proportion is 15%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 19%, wavelength 600-699nm
Light quantity subnumber proportion be 50%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 700-780nm is 16%.Environmental condition are as follows:
Diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~20 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at 50~70%, gas concentration lwevel 800-
900ppm；It is 2.0-3.5mS/cm that plant type, which moulds phase nutrient solution EC, and pH value controls between 6.5-8, and solution temperature condition is
22-18 DEG C, the ratio of N, P, K are properly increased, nutrient group is divided into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L in nutrient solution；Four water nitric acid
Calcium 460mg/L, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 32mg/L is long to 6cm to plant, and internode number 2 whens carry out plant type adjustment, is planting
Second section of strain extracts top in a manner of mentioning and pluck, and red three-coloured amaranth erases terminal bud and the at the 2 ± 0.5cm distance of second node top
Two section side shoot axillary buds carry out trimming harvesting, from first section for having bud point of side shoot when the second section collateral generation is to 6cm
It is trimmed at 1.5~3cm, green amaranth dish carries out plant type adjustment by trimming side shoot and its root when harvesting the first round, to form one
The plant type of kind suitable three-coloured amaranth growth, when plant it is long to 15cm when, carry out trimming at 1.5-2cm above the first segment (having axillary bud) and adopt
It receives.Colored three-coloured amaranth when plant it is long to 4cm when, retain 2 side shoots of first segment, remove trunk；It is long more to maturity period progress to three-coloured amaranth
Secondary trimming harvesting, every time after trimming harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm, recycles weight after plant length to maturity period
Multiple nutrient solution condition, trimming retains the first segment continued growth that each side shoot has axillary bud every time, and three-coloured amaranth side shoot hair tonic is fast, and the later period need to mention
Hyperalimentation fluid EC concentration.
(4) it harvests
After plant type adjustment when side shoot it is long to 10-30cm when can carry out root to whole and harvest；Or it is long to 10-12 to plant
After piece great Ye, side shoot occurs for three-coloured amaranth, long to 10-25cm to side shoot, when about 6-8 piece leaf, carries out training harvesting to side shoot, harvests position
It is set to 2cm or more above side shoot first segment, blade overlapping direction is avoided and is trimmed, successively harvested, harvesting terminates bright in the dark phase
It rises and is carried out before starting, can be harvested within 7-15 days once, red three-coloured amaranth can harvest 2 times, and green amaranth dish and colored three-coloured amaranth can harvest 3 times.
Embodiment 2
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth is chosen three-coloured amaranth seed and is planted, and specific plantation step is as follows:
(1) seed treatment and sprouting hardening
1) seed: being packed into the seed soaking device seed soaking 8h of 500ml by seed preparation, will be floating to the water and seed of 300ml or more
It pours out, selects hoting water treatment of seeds for 53 DEG C of seed progress for suctioning moisture, seed soaking time 13min, the seed normal-temperature water that will have been soaked
It rinses 2 times, dries, sowed.
2) it sows: since three-coloured amaranth seed is smaller, after seed soaking is dried, being sowed using microtia strainer to improve
The efficiency of sowing；
3) vernalization: the seed plate that sowing is completed is placed in germinating box, keeps sowing medium to be sufficiently humidified so as to, controlled at 23
DEG C -25 DEG C, relative humidity 70%-100%, until the 48h that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, switchs to hardening disk for seed tray；
(2) nursery stage
Cotyledon growth period: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out cotyledon on hardening bed under illumination condition
Growth, specific intensity of illumination are 200 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 14h, spectral composition is the light of wavelength 400-499nm
Quantum number proportion is 21%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14%, the light of wavelength 600-699nm
Quantum number proportion is 50%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 15%, long to fast growing period, light to seedling
It is 225 μm of olm according to intensity-2·s-1, light irradiation time 15h；Environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~
20℃；For relative humidity 50~65%, gas concentration lwevel 400-1200ppm, cotyledon growth period nutrient solution EC value is 0.6-
1.0mS/cm, pH value 6.0-8, solution temperature maintain 22-18 DEG C, and nutrient group is divided into potassium nitrate content in nutrient solution
For 780mg/L；Determining ammonium biphosphate content is 150mg/L；Sulfuric acid potassium content is 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron content
For 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate content is 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid content of magnesium is 110mg/L；Boric acid content is 2mg/L；Sulfuric acid monohydrate
Manganese content is 1.5mg/L；White vitriol content is 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid copper content is 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Content is 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L keeps low concentration
Nutrient solution is located at the parallel position in sowing medium bottom, grows to cotyledon, root growth to 1cm, reduces nutrient solution water level to Jie
0.7cm under matter is flattened to cotyledon to root growth initial stage, and main root is pierced by medium 2cm or more, and raising nutrient solution EC value is 0.8-
1.5mS/cm, pH value control between 6.0-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, reduce nutrient solution water level, during which need to add
Add nutrient solution 2 times, completed to root system development, when seedling true leaf occurs, carries out culturing and transplanting seedlings, appropriate N element of supplementing adjusts nutrition
Liquid EC is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and PH is controlled between 6.5-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, improves intensity of illumination, is adjusted
Whole planting density is 300 plants/m2。
(3) it is colonized
Field planting includes that plant type moulds phase and maturity period, when seedling length to 4 true leaves, with 100 plants/m2Density in illumination
Under the conditions of carry out point planting field planting, planted under illumination condition, specific intensity of illumination is 250 μm of olm-2·s-1, when illumination
A length of 15h, the light that light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1% that spectral composition is wavelength 380-399nm, wavelength are 400-499nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that quantum number proportion is 14%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 17%, wavelength 600-699nm
Light quantity subnumber proportion be 54%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 700-780nm is 15%.Environmental condition are as follows:
Diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~20 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at 75~90%, gas concentration lwevel 1000-
1200ppm；It is 2.0-3.5mS/cm that plant type, which moulds phase nutrient solution EC, and pH value controls between 6.5-8, and solution temperature condition is
22-18 DEG C, the ratio of N, P, K are properly increased, nutrient group is divided into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L in nutrient solution；Four water nitric acid
Calcium 460mg/L, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 32mg/L), at internode number 2-3 progress plant type tune long to 13-15cm to plant
It is whole, top is extractd in a manner of mentioning and pluck in the second section of plant, red three-coloured amaranth is erased at the 2 ± 0.5cm distance of second node top
Terminal bud and the second section side shoot axillary bud carry out trimming harvesting, from first of side shoot when the second section collateral generation is to 15-20cm
Have and trimmed at 2.5~3cm on the section of bud point, green amaranth dish carries out plant type adjustment by trimming when harvesting the first round, long to plant
When to 25-30cm, trimming harvesting is carried out at 1.5-2cm above the first segment (having axillary bud).By to side shoot and its root progress
Trimming adjustment, to form a kind of plant type of suitable three-coloured amaranth growth, when colored three-coloured amaranth when plant it is long to 8-10cm when, retain first segment
2 side shoots remove trunk；Long to maturity period progress repeatedly trimming harvesting to three-coloured amaranth, after trimming harvesting every time, nutrient solution EC is reduced
To 1.0-2.0mS/cm, plant is long to repeat nutrient solution condition to recycling after the maturity period, and trimming, which retains each side shoot, every time axillary bud
First segment continued growth, three-coloured amaranth side shoot hair tonic is fast, and the later period need to improve nutrient solution EC concentration.
(4) it harvests
After plant type adjustment when side shoot it is long to 10-30cm when can carry out root to whole and harvest；Or it is long to 10-12 to plant
After piece great Ye, side shoot occurs for three-coloured amaranth, long to 20-25cm to side shoot, when about 6-8 piece leaf, carries out training harvesting to side shoot, harvests position
It is set to 2cm or more above side shoot first segment, blade overlapping direction is avoided and is trimmed, successively harvested, harvesting terminates bright in the dark phase
It rises and is carried out before starting, can be harvested within 7-12 days once, red three-coloured amaranth can harvest 2-3 times, and green amaranth dish and colored three-coloured amaranth can harvest 5-6 times.
Embodiment 3
A kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth is chosen three-coloured amaranth seed and is planted, and specific plantation step is as follows:
(1) seed treatment and sprouting hardening
1) seed: being packed into the seed soaking device seed soaking 12h of 500ml by seed preparation, will be floating to the water and seed of 300ml or more
It pours out, selects hoting water treatment of seeds for 53 DEG C -55 DEG C of seed progress for suctioning moisture, seed soaking time 15min, by the seed soaked with often
It warm water washing 1 time, dries, is sowed.
2) it sows: since three-coloured amaranth seed is smaller, after seed soaking is dried, being sowed using microtia strainer to improve
The efficiency of sowing；
3) vernalization: the seed plate that sowing is completed is placed in germinating box, keeps sowing medium to be sufficiently humidified so as to, controlled at 23
DEG C -25 DEG C, relative humidity 70%-100%, until the 72h that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, switchs to hardening disk for seed tray；
(2) nursery stage
Cotyledon growth period: to Seed sprouting, skin cracking is planted, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out cotyledon on hardening bed under illumination condition
Growth, specific intensity of illumination are 250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 18h, spectral composition is the light of wavelength 400-499nm
Quantum number proportion is 22%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 500-599nm is 14%, the light of wavelength 600-699nm
Quantum number proportion is 47%, other wavelength light quantum number proportions are 17%, long to fast growing period, light to seedling
It is 250 μm of olm according to intensity-2·s-1, light irradiation time 18h；Environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~
20℃；For relative humidity 65~80%, gas concentration lwevel 400-1200ppm, cotyledon growth period nutrient solution EC value is 0.6-
1.0mS/cm, pH value 6.0-8, solution temperature maintain 22-18 DEG C, and nutrient group is divided into potassium nitrate content in nutrient solution
For 780mg/L；Determining ammonium biphosphate content is 150mg/L；Sulfuric acid potassium content is 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron content
For 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate content is 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid content of magnesium is 110mg/L；Boric acid content is 2mg/L；Sulfuric acid monohydrate
Manganese content is 1.5mg/L；White vitriol content is 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid copper content is 0.13mg/L；Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Content is 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L keeps low concentration
Nutrient solution is located at the parallel position in sowing medium bottom, grows, root growth to 1-2cm to cotyledon, reduces nutrient solution water level extremely
0.8-1cm under medium is flattened to cotyledon to root growth initial stage, and main root is pierced by medium 2cm or more, is improved nutrient solution EC value and is
0.8-1.5mS/cm, pH value control between 6.0-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, reduce nutrient solution water level, during which
It need to add nutrient solution 3 times, be completed to root system development, when seedling true leaf occurs, carry out culturing and transplanting seedlings, it is appropriate to supplement N element adjustment
Nutrient solution EC is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and PH is controlled between 6.5-8, and solution temperature maintains 22-18 DEG C, and it is strong to improve illumination
Degree, adjustment planting density are 400 plants/m2。
(3) it is colonized
Field planting includes that plant type moulds phase and maturity period, when seedling length to 4 true leaves, with 200 plants/m2Density in illumination
Under the conditions of carry out point planting field planting, planted under illumination condition, specific intensity of illumination is 300 μm of olm-2·s-1, when illumination
A length of 18h, the light that light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1% that spectral composition is wavelength 380-399nm, wavelength are 400-499nm
The light quantity subnumber proportion that quantum number proportion is 13%, wavelength is 500-599nm is 18%, wavelength 600-699nm
Light quantity subnumber proportion be 55%, the light quantity subnumber proportion that wavelength is 700-780nm is 14%.Environmental condition are as follows:
Diurnal temperature maintains 27~23 DEG C/23~20 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at 50~90%, gas concentration lwevel 800-
1200ppm；It is 2.0-3.5mS/cm that plant type, which moulds phase nutrient solution EC, and pH value controls between 6.5-8, and solution temperature condition is
22-18 DEG C, the ratio of N, P, K are properly increased, nutrient group is divided into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L in nutrient solution；Four water nitric acid
Calcium 460mg/L, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 32mg/L), at internode number 2-3 progress plant type tune long to 12-15cm to plant
It is whole, top is extractd in a manner of mentioning and pluck in the second section of plant, red three-coloured amaranth is erased at the 2 ± 0.5cm distance of second node top
Terminal bud and the second section side shoot axillary bud carry out trimming harvesting, have from first of side shoot when the second section collateral generation is to 6-15cm
It is trimmed at 1.5~3cm on the section of bud point, green amaranth dish carries out plant type adjustment by trimming when harvesting the first round, long extremely to plant
When 15-25cm, trimming harvesting is carried out at the 1.5-2cm of first segment (having axillary bud) top.Colored three-coloured amaranth waits for that plant is long to 4-8cm
When, retain 2 side shoots of first segment, removes trunk；It is long to maturity period progress repeatedly trimming harvesting to three-coloured amaranth, harvesting is trimmed every time
Afterwards, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and plant is long to repeat nutrient solution condition to recycling after the maturity period, and trimming is protected every time
Each side shoot is stayed to have the first segment continued growth of axillary bud, three-coloured amaranth side shoot hair tonic is fast, and the later period need to improve nutrient solution EC concentration.
(4) it harvests
After plant type adjustment when side shoot it is long to 10-30cm when can carry out root to whole and harvest；Or it is long to 10-12 to plant
After piece great Ye, side shoot occurs for three-coloured amaranth, long to 10-25cm to side shoot, when about 6-8 piece leaf, carries out training harvesting to side shoot, harvests position
It is set to 2cm or more above side shoot first segment, blade overlapping direction is avoided and is trimmed, successively harvested, harvesting terminates bright in the dark phase
It rises and is carried out before starting, can be harvested within 7-15 days once, red three-coloured amaranth can harvest 2-3 times, and green amaranth dish and colored three-coloured amaranth can harvest 4-6 times.
(5) three-coloured amaranth is cultivated using the prior art and method provided by the invention respectively, randomly selects 100 plants of three-coloured amaranths, respectively
Three-coloured amaranth planting season is recorded, in growth period, need to apply fertilizer situation, cultivation technique, number, yield and quality are harvested, the result is as follows:
(6) it result and analysis: is compared with existing Cultivating techniques, the experimental results showed that, use is provided by the invention above
Plant factor's imitating luminous environment and climatic environment provide different nutrient solutions and cultivate three-coloured amaranth, solve three-coloured amaranth by season and temperature
Degree influences the problem of limitation, improves Amaranth, it can be achieved that uninterruptedly producing in the anniversary, and ensure that the quality of three-coloured amaranth, makes amaranth
Vegetable taste wind direction is excellent.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or the terminal device that include a series of elements not only include those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or end
The intrinsic element of end equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, being limited by sentence " including ... " or " including ... "
Element, it is not excluded that there is also other elements in process, method, article or the terminal device for including the element.This
Outside, herein, " being greater than ", " being less than ", " being more than " etc. are interpreted as not including this number；" more than ", " following ", " within " etc. understand
Being includes this number.
Although the various embodiments described above are described, once a person skilled in the art knows basic wounds
The property made concept, then additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments, so the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit scope of patent protection of the invention, it is all to utilize equivalent structure or equivalent made by present specification
Process transformation, being applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, similarly includes in patent protection model of the invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth, it is characterised in that in plant factor's cropping pattern of full human controllable's environment
Under cultivated, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment and sprouting hardening
Seed preparation: seed is packed into the seed soaking device seed soaking 4-12h of 500ml, removes supernatant bad flat seed, selects
Hoting water treatment of seeds for 50 DEG C -55 DEG C of the seed progress of moisture is suctioned, seed soaking time 10-15min rushes the seed soaked with normal-temperature water
It washes 1-2 times, dries, sowed；
Sowing: seed soaking is sowed after drying with microtia strainer；
Vernalization: the seed plate that sowing is completed is placed in germinating box or germinating cabinet, is kept sowing medium to be sufficiently humidified so as to, is controlled temperature
It is 23-25 DEG C, relative humidity 70%-100%, vernalization 36-72h are to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) nursery stage
Cotyledon growth period: it to kind of a skin cracking, is moved to when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out cotyledon growth on hardening bed under illumination condition, kept low dense
It spends nutrient solution and is located at the parallel position in sowing medium bottom, grown to cotyledon, root growth to 1-2cm, reduce nutrient solution water level
0.5-1cm under to medium, environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C；Relative humidity 50~
90%, gas concentration lwevel 400-1200ppm；
Root growth initial stage: being cultivated under illumination condition, is flattened to cotyledon, and main root is pierced by medium 2cm or more, improves nutrition
Liquid EC value reduces nutrient solution water level, during which need to add nutrient solution 1-3 times, completes to root system development, when seedling true leaf occurs, into
Row culturing and transplanting seedlings, environmental condition are consistent with cotyledon growth period；
Fast growing period: after the generation of seedling true leaf, appropriate N element of supplementing adjusts nutrient solution EC, improves intensity of illumination, adjustment kind
Density in planting is 150-400 plants/m2, environmental condition is consistent with cotyledon growth period；
(3) it is colonized
Field planting includes that plant type moulds phase and maturity period, when seedling length to 4 true leaves, with 50-200 plants/m2Density in illumination item
It carries out point planting field planting under part, at internode number 2-3 progress plant type adjustment long to 6-15cm to plant；It is long to the maturity period to three-coloured amaranth
It is repeatedly trimmed and is harvested, trimming retains the first segment continued growth that each side shoot has axillary bud every time, or carries out simultaneously to root
Trimming and finishing, until forming one or more plant types, the later period need to improve nutrient solution EC concentration, can harvest within every 7-15 days once,
It can harvest 2-6 times, environmental condition are as follows: diurnal temperature maintains 23~27 DEG C/20~23 DEG C, and relative humidity is maintained at 50~
90%, gas concentration lwevel 800-1200ppm；
(4) it harvests
Directly harvest: after plant adjustment when side shoot it is long to 10-30cm when, carry out root to whole and harvest；
Continuous harvesting: after plant length to 10-12 piece great Ye, side shoot occurs for three-coloured amaranth, long to 10-25cm, about 6-8 piece leaf to side shoot
When, training harvesting is carried out to side shoot, harvesting position is 2cm or more above side shoot first segment, avoids blade overlapping direction and is repaired
It cuts, successively harvests, harvesting terminates bright in the dark phase and starts preceding progress, can harvest within 7-15 days once, and red three-coloured amaranth can harvest 2-3 times,
Green amaranth dish and colored three-coloured amaranth can harvest 3-6 times.
2. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cotyledon is raw in step (2)
Long-term nutrition liquid EC value is 0.6-1.0mS/cm, and pH value controls between 6.0-8, and nutrient group is divided into potassium nitrate in nutrient solution
Content is 780mg/L；Determining ammonium biphosphate content is 150mg/L；Sulfuric acid potassium content is 330mg/L；Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron
Content is 30mg/L；Four water-calcium nitrate content is 450mg/L；Sulfuric acid content of magnesium is 110mg/L；Boric acid content is 2mg/L；One water
Sulfuric acid manganese content is 1.5mg/L；White vitriol content is 0.25mg/L；Anhydrous slufuric acid copper content is 0.13mg/L；Four water molybdenums
Sour ammonium content is 0.03mg/L；Sugar alcohol calcium 0.1ml/L；Sugar alcohol magnesium 0.6ml/L；Pure potassium type clear liquid fertilizer 0.3-0.8ml/L, nutrient solution
Temperature maintains 18-22 DEG C.
3. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that root system is raw in step (2)
Long initial stage nutrient solution EC value is 0.8-1.5mS/cm, and pH value controls between 6.0-8, and solution temperature maintains 18-22 DEG C.
4. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that fast fast-growing in step (2)
Long-term nutrition liquid EC value is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and PH is controlled between 6.5-8, and solution temperature maintains 18-22 DEG C.
5. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that illumination item in step (2)
Part specifically: spectral composition are as follows: the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 400-499nm is 21-25%, wavelength 500-599nm
Light quantity subnumber proportion is 14-15%, the light quantity subnumber proportion of wavelength 600-699nm is 46-50%, other wavelength lights
Quantum number proportion is 12%-17%, and cotyledon growth period and root growth initial stage intensity of illumination are 150-250 μm of olm-2·
s-1, light irradiation time 10-18h, fast growing period intensity of illumination is 200-250 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-
18h。
6. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that opposite in step (2)
Damp condition is maintained at 60~75%.
7. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that plant type tune in step (3)
Whole is that top is extractd in a manner of mentioning and pluck the second section in plant, and red three-coloured amaranth is at the 2 ± 0.5cm distance of second node top
Terminal bud and the second section side shoot axillary bud are erased, when the second section collateral generation is to 6-20cm, trimming harvesting is carried out, from the first of side shoot
It is trimmed at 1.5~3cm on a section for having bud point；Green amaranth dish carries out plant type adjustment by trimming when harvesting the first round, to plant
It is long to 15-30cm when, carry out trimming harvesting at 1.5-2cm above the first segment (having axillary bud).Colored three-coloured amaranth waits for that plant is long to 4-
When 10cm, retain 2 side shoots of first segment, removes trunk.
8. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that plant type is moulded in step (3)
Making phase phase nutrient solution EC is 2.0-3.5mS/cm, and pH value controls between 6.5-8, and solution temperature condition is 18-22 DEG C, suitably
The ratio of N, P, K are improved, nutrient supplemental components are ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L in nutrient solution；Four water-calcium nitrate 460mg/
L, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid-sodium iron 32mg/L).Every time after trimming harvesting, nutrient solution EC is reduced to 1.0-2.0mS/cm, and plant is long
Recycling repeats nutrient solution condition after to the maturity period.
9. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that relatively wet in step (3)
Degree condition is maintained at 60~75%.
10. a kind of plant factor's cultural method of three-coloured amaranth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that illumination in step (3)
Condition specifically: intensity of illumination is 200-300 μm of olm-2·s-1, light irradiation time 12-18h, spectral composition: wavelength 380-
The light quantity subnumber proportion that light quantity subnumber proportion≤0.1%, the wavelength of 399nm are 400-499nm is 13-15%, wave
The light quantity subnumber proportion that the light quantity subnumber proportion of a length of 500-599nm is 17-19%, wavelength is 600-699nm is
The light quantity subnumber proportion that 50-55%, wavelength are 700-780nm is 13-17%.
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| WO2021248642A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-16 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Method for controlling plant growth |
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