CN110226455A - A kind of method of pure eucalyptus barks as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of method of pure eucalyptus barks as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226455A CN110226455A CN201910485417.4A CN201910485417A CN110226455A CN 110226455 A CN110226455 A CN 110226455A CN 201910485417 A CN201910485417 A CN 201910485417A CN 110226455 A CN110226455 A CN 110226455A
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- straw mushroom
- eucalyptus
- mushroom
- eucalyptus barks
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- 240000006794 Volvariella volvacea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000219927 Eucalyptus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940044949 eucalyptus oil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010642 eucalyptus oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to Volvaria volvacea cultivation technical fields, a kind of method more particularly to pure eucalyptus barks as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom, the culture material is counted be made of eucalyptus barks, rice bran and corn in mass ratio, the eucalyptus barks: rice bran: the culture material is used for cultivating straw mushroom by secondary fermentation by corn flour 27-32:2-6:1.The method of pure eucalyptus barks of the invention as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom, it is using eucalyptus barks as primary raw material, enrich the raw material of Volvaria volvacea cultivation, improve the comprehensive utilization ratio of eucalyptus resource, straw mushroom production cost can also be reduced simultaneously, straw mushroom quality and biological efficiency are improved, the harm of acarid and miscellaneous bacteria is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Volvaria volvacea cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of side of pure eucalyptus barks as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom
Method.
Background technique
Straw mushroom (volariella volvacea) is a kind of high temperature edible mushroom, and cultivation is in southern region of China extensively.Straw mushroom
Belong to straw rotting fungus, mycelia, which relies primarily on, decomposes cellulose in raw material and hemicellulose makes and the battalion utilized can be absorbed
It supports, traditional straw mushroom raw material is waste cotton and cotton seed hull.But with the quick rise of cotton seed hull and waste cotton cost of material, people start
It is substituted with other materials or part substitutes cotton seed hull or waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom.Such as CN103524248A, it is a kind of to utilize hay
The method of white first sheathing leaf production Volvaria volvacea cultivation material is aided with cotton seed hulls, cow dung, lime, land plaster using Jiaobai leaf as primary raw material
Jiaobai leaf heap fermentation is made macromolecular substances be decomposed into the substance for being conducive to mycelia absorption, promoted by equal auxiliary materials, this method
The growth of mycelia, while gas permeability and water-retaining property are strong, straw mushroom fruiting is neat, and yield is high, and biological efficiency reaches 26.74%-
30.4%.CN103420734A, the production method of a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material compatibility and this culture material are main former with broad bean skin
Material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bacteria residue, cow dung, fertile soil, land plaster, pulverized limestone, the broad bean skin of this method undergoes microbial fermentation, mycelia
Material feeding is fast, and growth is vigorous, and straw mushroom yield is high, and biological efficiency reaches 35.2%-38.1%；Also have using Eucalyptus waste material and cultivate
Straw mushroom, such as CN106069196A, a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material, this method using Eucalyptus waste material, wheat straw and silkworm excrement as primary raw material,
It is aided with the auxiliary materials such as chicken manure, peanut press pulp, is used for cultivating straw mushroom, but has used excessive organic matter and waste material in auxiliary material, it is easy to breed
Pest and disease damage, such as: acarid.
The information disclosed in the background technology section is intended only to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering
When being considered as recognizing or imply that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art in any form.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide a kind of method of pure eucalyptus barks as major ingredient cultivating straw mushroom, made using eucalyptus barks
For primary raw material, the raw material of Volvaria volvacea cultivation is enriched, improves the comprehensive utilization ratio of eucalyptus resource, while straw mushroom can also be reduced
Production cost improves straw mushroom quality and biological efficiency, reduces the infringement of acarid and miscellaneous bacteria.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material based on pure eucalyptus barks, the culture material are counted in mass ratio by eucalyptus barks, rice bran and corn
Powder composition, the eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 27-32:2-6:1.
Preferably, the eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 29:4:1.
The method for the Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom that the present invention also provides described based on pure eucalyptus barks, including it is following
Step:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, and eucalyptus barks are crushed into growth 0.2cm-0.3cm, diameter 0.1cm-0.5cm's
Eucalyptus shaganappi, it is spare；It is diluted to corn pulp by 18-25 times of the quality water measured is added in corn flour, it is spare；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with the inoculum concentration of 0.1%-0.3%, simultaneously
Add water that water content is adjusted to 60%-65%, add pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5-9.0, builds heap fermentation 2-3d；Then be added rice bran and
Corn pulp, stirring make to be uniformly mixed, and adjusting water content again is 60%-65%, pH 8.5-9.0, build heap and continue the 3-4d that ferments,
Obtain Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) ferment for second: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 70%-75%, adds pulverized limestone by pH tune
To 8.5-9.0, it is transferred to mushroom room, tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 10cm-15cm；Seal fruiting
Mushroom room temperature is heated to 60 DEG C -65 DEG C, maintains 4-8h, open door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C by room；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 35 DEG C -38 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sows and is fermenting
On charge level, and it is compacted charge level, closed the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) manage: mushroom room is kept for 28 DEG C -35 DEG C of temperature, air humidity 90%-95%, light 300-350lux；Inoculation
6d starts each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h early, middle and late daily afterwards；It sprays once to go out when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level
Mushroom water；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing.
Preferably, microbial bacterial agent is by the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and gel-shaped gemma after activating in the step (2)
Bacillus liquid is mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution is 3.4 × 1010CUF/g-5.6
×1010CUF/g, the living bacteria count of the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid are 7.3 × 109CUF/g-9.1×109CUF/g。
Preferably, the activation method of the bacillus subtilis are as follows: aseptically by bacillus subtilis strain
It is inoculated into activation medium I, 35 DEG C of culture 16h；The ingredient of the activation medium I are as follows: yeast extract 7g, beef extract 15g, egg
White peptone 10g, coriolan 16g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g, ammonium sulfate 1g, sterile water 10ml, initial pH 7.4；
The activation method of the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering are as follows: aseptically arrive bacillusmusilaginosiengineering strain inoculated
In activation culture matrix II, 12h is cultivated at 35 DEG C；The ingredient of the activation medium II are as follows: beef extract 10g, peptone 15g,
Ophiopogonpolysaccharide 18g, manganese sulfate 1g, sodium chloride 2g, sterile water 15ml, initial pH 7.1.
The side of the Volvaria volvacea cultivation material or the cultivating straw mushroom that the present invention also provides described based on pure eucalyptus barks
Method reduces the application in acarid and miscellaneous bacteria harm during Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) based on eucalyptus barks, eucalyptus barks resource is easy to obtain Culture raw materials of straw mushrrom of the invention, can substantially reduce grass
The cost of mushroom cultivation, making Volvaria volvacea cultivation, person obtains better economic benefit；Have in eucalyptus barks simultaneously containing the ingredients such as eucalyptus oil, tool
There is certain biocidal property, the smell of volatilization can also play the role of expelling parasite；But the ingredients such as eucalyptus oil can also inhibit mycelia
Growth, influences edible mushroom yield.Inventor is by throughout the year the study found that in Volvaria volvacea cultivation, if higher to eucalyptus barks content
Culture material carry out fermenting twice, and during the fermentation using activation after microbial bacterial agent, can effectively degrade eucalyptus
The ingredients such as oil；Rice bran can make fermentation material have fine permeability in raw material, provide more friendly environment for mycelia growth；Eucalyptus
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of bark is higher, is unfavorable for the progress of fermentation and the growth of mycelia, and addition corn flour can increase culture material nitrogen content,
Whole carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced, is conducive to meet the needs of straw mushroom mycelia is to nitrogen nutrition, ensure that the yield of straw mushroom.
(2) it is bacillus subtilis and the jelly after activation that the present invention accesses microbial bacterial agent during cultivating straw mushroom
Sample bacillus can also promote the macromolecular substances such as cellulose in eucalyptus barks, hemicellulose and protein to be degraded into straw mushroom straight
It connects and the monosaccharide and amino acid utilized can be absorbed, improve biological efficiency.
(3) culture material of the invention keeps culture material further decomposed by fermenting twice, and harmful substance is volatilized, with
Avoid influencing the growth of mycelia；Second of fermentation selection carries out in mushroom room, the high temperature when gas interactions volatilized ferment
The miscellaneous bacteria and pest in compost and mushroom room, especially acarid can be killed, infringement of the acarid to straw mushroom is avoided.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, further details of elaboration is made to the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is confined to the range of embodiment expression.The activation method of bacillus subtilis described in following embodiment are as follows: aseptically
Bacillus subtilis strain is inoculated into activation medium I, 35 DEG C of culture 16h；The ingredient of the activation medium I are as follows: ferment
Female cream 7g, beef extract 15g, peptone 10g, coriolan 16g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g, ammonium sulfate 1g, sterile water 10ml, initially
pH 7.4；
The activation method of the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering are as follows: aseptically arrive bacillusmusilaginosiengineering strain inoculated
In activation culture matrix II, 12h is cultivated at 35 DEG C；The ingredient of the activation medium II are as follows: beef extract 10g, peptone 15g,
Ophiopogonpolysaccharide 18g, manganese sulfate 1g, sodium chloride 2g, sterile water 15ml, initial pH 7.1.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom based on pure eucalyptus barks, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 27:2:1, and eucalyptus barks are crushed and are grown up
The eucalyptus shaganappi of 0.2cm, diameter 0.1cm, it is spare；The water that 18 times of quality amounts are added in corn flour is diluted to corn pulp, it is standby
With；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with 0.1% inoculum concentration, while adding water will
Water content is adjusted to 60%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5, builds heap fermentation 2d；Then rice bran and corn pulp is added, stirring makes to mix
Uniformly, adjustment water content is 60%, pH 8.5 again, builds heap and continues the 3d that ferments, obtains Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) second ferments: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 70%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5,
It is transferred to mushroom room, tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 10cm；Mushroom room is sealed, by mushroom room temperature
60 DEG C are heated to, 4h is maintained, opens door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 35 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sow in fermentation charge level
On, and it is compacted charge level, it closes the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) it manages: 28 DEG C of temperature of mushroom room holding, air humidity 90%, light 300lux；6d starts daily after inoculation
Early, middle and late each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h；A fruiting water is sprayed when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing；
Wherein, in the step (2) microbial bacterial agent by the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering after activating
Liquid is mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution is 3.4 × 1010CUF/g, the glue
The living bacteria count for freezing sample bacillus liquid is 7.3 × 109CUF/g。
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom based on pure eucalyptus barks, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 32:6:1, and eucalyptus barks are crushed and are grown up
The eucalyptus shaganappi of 0.3cm, diameter 0.5cm, it is spare；The water that 25 times of quality amounts are added in corn flour is diluted to corn pulp, it is standby
With；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with 0.3% inoculum concentration, while adding water will
Water content is adjusted to 65%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 9.0, builds heap fermentation 3d；Then rice bran and corn pulp is added, stirring makes to mix
Uniformly, adjustment water content is 65%, pH 9.0 again, builds heap and continues the 4d that ferments, obtains Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) second ferments: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 75%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 9.0,
It is transferred to mushroom room, tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 15cm；Mushroom room is sealed, by mushroom room temperature
65 DEG C are heated to, 8h is maintained, opens door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 38 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sow in fermentation charge level
On, and it is compacted charge level, it closes the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) it manages: 35 DEG C of temperature of mushroom room holding, air humidity 95%, light 350lux；6d starts daily after inoculation
Early, middle and late each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h；A fruiting water is sprayed when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing；
Wherein, in the step (2) microbial bacterial agent by the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering after activating
Liquid is mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution is 5.6 × 1010CUF/g, the glue
The living bacteria count for freezing sample bacillus liquid is 9.1 × 109CUF/g。
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom based on pure eucalyptus barks, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 29:4:1, and eucalyptus barks are crushed and are grown up
The eucalyptus shaganappi of 0.3cm, diameter 0.5cm, it is spare；The water that 21 times of quality amounts are added in corn flour is diluted to corn pulp, it is standby
With；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with 0.2% inoculum concentration, while adding water will
Water content is adjusted to 63%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.7, builds heap fermentation 3d；Then rice bran and corn pulp is added, stirring makes to mix
Uniformly, adjustment water content is 63%, pH 8.7 again, builds heap and continues the 3d that ferments, obtains Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) second ferments: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 73%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.7,
It is transferred to mushroom room, tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 13cm；Mushroom room is sealed, by mushroom room temperature
63 DEG C are heated to, 6h is maintained, opens door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 36 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sow in fermentation charge level
On, and it is compacted charge level, it closes the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) it manages: 31 DEG C of temperature of mushroom room holding, air humidity 92%, light 325lux；6d starts daily after inoculation
Early, middle and late each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h；A fruiting water is sprayed when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing；
Wherein, in the step (2) microbial bacterial agent by the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering after activating
Liquid is mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution is 4.5 × 1010CUF/g, the glue
The living bacteria count for freezing sample bacillus liquid is 8.2 × 109CUF/g。
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom based on pure eucalyptus barks, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 29:4:1, and eucalyptus barks are crushed and are grown up
The eucalyptus shaganappi of 0.2cm, diameter 0.1cm, it is spare；The water that 18 times of quality amounts are added in corn flour is diluted to corn pulp, it is standby
With；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with 0.1% inoculum concentration, while adding water will
Water content is adjusted to 60%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5, builds heap fermentation 2d；Then rice bran and corn pulp is added, stirring makes to mix
Uniformly, adjustment water content is 60%, pH 8.5 again, builds heap and continues the 3d that ferments, obtains Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) second ferments: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 70%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5,
It is transferred to mushroom room, tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 10cm；Mushroom room is sealed, by mushroom room temperature
60 DEG C are heated to, 4h is maintained, opens door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 35 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sow in fermentation charge level
On, and it is compacted charge level, it closes the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) it manages: 28 DEG C of temperature of mushroom room holding, air humidity 90%, light 300lux；6d starts daily after inoculation
Early, middle and late each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h；A fruiting water is sprayed when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing；
Wherein, in the step (2) microbial bacterial agent by the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering after activating
Liquid is mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The living bacteria count of the bacillus subtilis bacterium solution is 3.4 × 1010CUF/g, the glue
The living bacteria count for freezing sample bacillus liquid is 7.3 × 109CUF/g。
Comparative example 1
The culture material of this comparative example does not add corn flour, and the mass ratio of eucalyptus barks and rice bran is constant, other cultural methods with
Embodiment 1 is identical.
Comparative example 2
The eucalyptus barks of this comparative example culture material replace with cotton seed hulls, other cultural methods are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 3
Coriolan, the activation culture of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering are free of in the activation medium I of this comparative example bacillus
Contain ophiopogonpolysaccharide in the middle part of base II, other cultural methods are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example culture material does not carry out second of fermentation, other cultural methods are same as Example 1.
Test one: the fruiting situation of cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention
Experimental design: implementation group 1, contrast groups 1, contrast groups 2, contrast groups 3 and contrast groups 4 totally 5 test groups are set.Implement
Group 1 to the method that embodiment 1 is respectively adopted to embodiment 3 in implementation group 3 is cultivated；Contrast groups 1 to contrast groups 4 are respectively adopted pair
The method of ratio 1 to comparative example 4 is cultivated.
40 cells, each cell 1.5m is arranged in each test group2, and carry out mark, respectively the 3d after fruiting and
7d observation and statistics acarid, a situation arises for miscellaneous bacteria, and the yield of every test group unit area straw mushroom is counted after maturation harvest,
Calculation biology efficiency.
The wherein acarid statistical method that a situation arises are as follows: 20 cells are randomly choosed in each test group, in each cell
Interior to be sampled using 5 points, every sample point takes the fermentation material 100g of 0-5cm depth, the fermentation material of taking-up is divided out, hand magnifier
The quantity of observation and record acarid, calculates the quantity of acarid in every hectogram quality, experimental result is shown in the following table 1.
Straw mushroom yield (kg/m2The straw mushroom weight ÷ gross area of)=harvest；
Biological efficiency (%)=(dry measure of the weight ÷ culture material of harvest straw mushroom) × 100；
Miscellaneous bacteria incidence (%)=(the cell number ÷ cell total number of miscellaneous bacteria occur) × 100；
Mite population (item/100g)=(gross mass of the quantity ÷ fermentation material sampling of acarid) × 100；
The fruiting situation of the cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention of table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 embodiment 1 is compared with comparative example 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for lacking corn flour compost entirety is higher,
It is unfavorable for the growth of mycelia, the biological efficiency of compost can be reduced；Embodiment 1 is compared with comparative example 2, and eucalyptus barks replace with cotton
Although seed shell by secondary fermentation, still has a small amount of acarid in straw mushroom growth course and miscellaneous bacteria occurs, this is because cottonseed
Antibacterial and anthelmintic ingredient is not contained in shell；Embodiment 1 compared with comparative example 3, when lack the coriolan in activation medium I and
When ophiopogonpolysaccharide in activation medium II, the generation of ectoenzyme in microbial bacteria activation process will affect, to influence to cultivate
The degradation of material, causes biological efficiency to reduce, the decline of straw mushroom yield；Embodiment 1 only carries out one time fermentation compared with comparative example 4
The eucalyptus oil that can not be degraded well in eucalyptus barks, can also breed acarid and miscellaneous bacteria in compost.
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed
And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering
With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. the Volvaria volvacea cultivation material based on a kind of pure eucalyptus barks, which is characterized in that the culture material is counted in mass ratio by eucalyptus barks, rice
Chaff and corn flour composition, the eucalyptus barks: rice bran: corn flour 27-32:2-6:1.
2. the Volvaria volvacea cultivation material based on pure eucalyptus barks according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the eucalyptus barks: rice bran:
Corn flour is 29:4:1.
3. a kind of method using the Volvaria volvacea cultivation material cultivating straw mushroom based on pure eucalyptus barks described in as claimed in claim 1 or 22, feature
It is, comprising the following steps:
(1) culture material is prepared in mass ratio, and eucalyptus barks are crushed into growth 0.2cm-0.3cm, the eucalyptus of diameter 0.1cm-0.5cm
Shaganappi, it is spare；It is diluted to corn pulp by 18-25 times of the quality water measured is added in corn flour, it is spare；
(2) it ferments for the first time: microbial bacterial agent being accessed into eucalyptus shaganappi with the inoculum concentration of 0.1%-0.3%, while adding water
Water content is adjusted to 60%-65%, adds pulverized limestone that pH is adjusted to 8.5-9.0, builds heap fermentation 2-3d；Then rice bran and corn is added
Slurry, stirring make to be uniformly mixed, and adjusting water content again is 60%-65%, pH 8.5-9.0, build heap and continue the 3-4d that ferments, obtain
Preliminary fermentation material；
(3) ferment for second: in Preliminary fermentation material plus water adjusts water content to 70%-75%, and pulverized limestone is added to be adjusted to pH
8.5-9.0 is transferred to mushroom room, and tiling is upper to mushroom bed and keeps fermentation material loose, every layered material thickness 10cm-15cm；Mushroom room is sealed,
Mushroom room temperature is heated to 60 DEG C -65 DEG C, 4-8h is maintained, opens door and window after being naturally cooling to 45 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with: when the material temperature degree that ferments is down to 35 DEG C -38 DEG C, straw mushroom strain being broken into bulk, uniformly sow in fermentation charge level
On, and it is compacted charge level, it closes the doors and windows after inoculation；
(5) manage: mushroom room is kept for 28 DEG C -35 DEG C of temperature, air humidity 90%-95%, light 300-350lux；After inoculation
6d starts each opening door and window ventilation 0.5h early, middle and late daily；A fruiting is sprayed when the white point of grain of rice size occurs in charge level
Water；
(6) harvest: when straw mushroom fructification is in egg type, mycoderm harvests in time when not yet rupturing.
4. the method for cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (2) microbial bacterial agent by
Bacillus subtilis bacterium solution and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid after activation are mixed to prepare according to mass ratio 1:2；The bacillus subtilis
The living bacteria count of bacterium solution is 3.4 × 1010CUF/g-5.6×1010CUF/g, effective viable bacteria of the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid
Number is 7.3 × 109CUF/g-9.1×109CUF/g。
5. the method for cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the activation method of the bacillus subtilis
Are as follows: aseptically bacillus subtilis strain is inoculated into activation medium I, 35 DEG C of culture 16h；The activation culture
The ingredient of base I are as follows: yeast extract 7g, beef extract 15g, peptone 10g, coriolan 16g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g, ammonium sulfate 1g, nothing
Bacterium water 10ml, initial pH7.4；
The activation method of the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering are as follows: aseptically by bacillusmusilaginosiengineering strain inoculated to activation
In culture substrate II, 12h is cultivated at 35 DEG C；The ingredient of the activation medium II are as follows: beef extract 10g, peptone 15g, Radix Ophiopogonis
Polysaccharide 18g, manganese sulfate 1g, sodium chloride 2g, sterile water 15ml, initial pH7.1.
6. -2 described in any item Volvaria volvacea cultivation material or claim 3-6 based on pure eucalyptus barks are any according to claim 1
The method of cultivating straw mushroom described in reduces the application in acarid and miscellaneous bacteria harm during Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
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