CN110202141B - Device for manufacturing complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Device for manufacturing complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202141B CN110202141B CN201910508888.2A CN201910508888A CN110202141B CN 110202141 B CN110202141 B CN 110202141B CN 201910508888 A CN201910508888 A CN 201910508888A CN 110202141 B CN110202141 B CN 110202141B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
- B22F12/48—Radiation means with translatory movement in height, e.g. perpendicular to the deposition plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a device for manufacturing a complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing. The device comprises a workbench, an additive manufacturing device, a monitoring analysis feedback device and a master control device. Firstly, inputting relevant structural parameters and technological parameters into a computer, after a program is started, swinging a bracket by an angle, sliding a sliding type cladding head once, after the bracket finishes a preset angle, rotating the bracket to the next angle along a guide rail, and repeating the process to finish one-layer cladding. And then the beam rises to the next layer of height, and the steps are repeated in this way, so that the additive manufacturing of the thin-wall structure is completed. The laser additive manufacturing method can finish laser additive manufacturing of complex thin-wall structures, greatly improves the roughness of the inner wall of the thin-wall structure, and greatly improves the production efficiency; the laser can be modified on the original laser, so that the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a device for manufacturing a complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing.
Background
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology for Manufacturing a solid part by a method of gradually accumulating materials, and is a 'bottom-up' Manufacturing method compared with a traditional material removal-cutting processing technology. The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is also known as a metal 3D printing technology, and is a leading-edge technology for additive manufacturing, and it can directly form metal parts with nearly complete density and good mechanical properties. Before processing, firstly, a CAD model of the part is sliced and dispersed through professional data processing software, necessary supporting structures are added, then a scanning path is planned, and processed data contain contour information capable of controlling the movement of a laser beam. And then guiding the data into a forming device, adjusting profile information layer by a computer, and controlling a scanning galvanometer to deflect to realize that laser spots selectively melt metal powder and bond the metal powder with the previous layer of material into a whole, wherein the powder in the area which is not irradiated by the laser is still loose and can be recycled. When the laser melts one layer, the forming cylinder descends one layer thickness (10-50 μm is adjustable), the powder feeding cylinder ascends a certain distance (usually 1.5 times of the layer thickness), and the powder is taken away by a scraper to finish one powder laying action.
During the course of millions of years of evolution, natural life opens up optimized natural structures to survive in harsh natural competition. In the field of optical applications, natural structures also exhibit excellent properties. One of the most representative examples is lobster eye. The lobster eye consists of a number of small square shaped channels disposed on a spherical surface. Each channel is long and narrow with its central axis towards the center of the sphere. The lobster eye structure optical device has the advantages of light weight, small size and wide visual field, and is suitable for the field of aerospace. Lobster eye structures are also widely used in optical applications, and surface quality, particularly internal surface roughness, affects its optical performance.
Currently, the manufacturing methods applied to process lobster eye structures are essentially subtractive manufacturing, such as conventional milling and drilling. However, thin-walled structures of high aspect ratio channels are difficult to fabricate due to subtractive fabrication limitations. The channel array structure of the lobster eye can also be regarded as a complex thin-walled structure consisting of two sets of thin walls perpendicular to each other. Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques have significant advantages over conventional subtractive (e.g., milling and machining) or form-making (e.g., casting and plastic forming) techniques for the manufacture of these complex thin-walled structures. Currently, a variety of AM technologies have been employed to fabricate thin-walled structures. For example, Laser Melt Deposition (LMD) has been used to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures, or Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has been used to build Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures. However, due to the large energy input and the large amount of feed, the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of parts manufactured by deposition techniques and EBM are much worse than those manufactured by SLM, resulting in far less than desirable properties of the resulting parts. Moreover, similar techniques do not allow for mass production of the thin-walled structure. The invention fully utilizes the advantages of the selective laser melting technology and designs related devices pertinently, so that parts meeting performance requirements can be manufactured well, and the problems that the complex thin-wall structure similar to the lobster eye structure is difficult to process, the processing precision is not high, the production period is long and the comprehensive performance cannot meet the requirements can be effectively solved.
In summary, how to effectively solve the problems of difficult processing, low processing precision, long production period, unsatisfactory comprehensive performance and the like of complex thin-wall structures similar to lobster eye structures is a problem to be considered at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an apparatus for laser additive manufacturing of a complex thin-wall structure, which can effectively solve the problems of difficult processing, low processing precision, long production period and unsatisfactory combination property of a complex thin-wall structure similar to a lobster eye structure.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a device for manufacturing a complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing comprises a workbench, an additive manufacturing device, a monitoring analysis feedback device and a master control device.
The additive manufacturing device comprises a sliding type cladding head adopting coaxial powder feeding and a mechanical arm for driving the sliding type cladding head to move relative to the workbench.
The workbench comprises a high-temperature-resistant glass base, a cross beam, a support, a sliding rail, a rotary table, a double-slider connecting device, a motor and a stepping motor.
The monitoring, analyzing and feedback device comprises a lighting device, a receiving device, an analyzing and feedback device, a workbench and a computer, wherein the computer is used as a master control and is in signal connection with the additive manufacturing device, the workbench and the console so as to control the whole system.
According to the device for manufacturing the complex thin-wall structure by the laser additive manufacturing, a mechanical arm is arranged on a base and is positioned at one end of the base; the motor is arranged on the base and positioned at the other end of the base; the high-temperature-resistant glass base is arranged on the base and located between the motor and the mechanical arm, the high-temperature-resistant glass base is of a hollow transparent structure, and the lighting device is located in the high-temperature-resistant glass base; the rotary table is fixed on the high-temperature-resistant glass base, a stepping motor is arranged in the rotary table, the support is connected with the stepping motor arranged in the rotary table, and the rotary table can rotate so as to drive the support to rotate; the beam is connected and installed on the bracket by adopting a double-slider, a stepping motor is arranged in the double-slider connecting device to enable the beam to move up and down on the bracket, and the mechanical arm is connected with the sliding type cladding head so that the sliding type cladding head can slide back and forth on the beam; the receiving device is suspended above the whole system and is opposite to the lighting device.
The bracket can be freely adjusted in angle and fixed so as to meet the manufacturing requirements of different thin-wall inclination angles.
The computer is connected with the console, and the console receives the computer instruction and compiles the computer instruction into a PLC code.
And the computer is sequentially connected with the analysis feedback device and the receiving device.
The control console is respectively connected with the motor, the mechanical arm, the stepping motor arranged in the rotary table and the built-in stepping motor in the double-slider connecting device.
The control console controls the power output and the stop of the motor, the motor provides power for the rotary table, the rotary table is controlled to rotate, and the support rotates along with the rotation of the rotary table.
The bracket of the invention is connected with a stepping motor arranged in a turntable to realize the forward and backward rotation of the bracket, and the stepping motor is in signal connection with a console.
The bracket of the invention is provided with a slide rail, a stepping motor is arranged in the double-slider connecting device to enable a beam to move up and down on the bracket, and the stepping motor is in signal connection with a control console.
The bracket and the cross beam are connected by the double sliding blocks, and the double sliding block connection can be stopped and fixed at a certain position so as to ensure that the inclination angle of the bracket cannot be influenced when the cross beam moves up and down.
The invention uses a sliding type cladding head adopting coaxial powder feeding to clad.
The turntable is arranged on the high-temperature-resistant glass base to ensure that the support can freely rotate on the high-temperature-resistant glass base and can be fixed during working.
The system comprises a lighting device, a receiving device and an analysis feedback device, wherein the lighting device, the receiving device and the analysis feedback device are used for monitoring the additive manufacturing process, and the system can monitor the roughness of the inner wall in the thin-wall structure processing process so as to perform real-time feedback and dynamically adjust related process parameters.
Drawings
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be limited to the examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thin-walled structure of an example of a lobster eye structure suitable for use with the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dual slider coupling arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a device for manufacturing a complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing, which is used for processing the complex thin-wall structure conveniently and improving the productivity and the precision.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in the figure, the invention mainly comprises a mechanical arm 1, a base 2, a high-temperature resistant glass base 3, a lighting device 4, a rotary table 5, a support 6, a motor 7, a console 8, a computer 9, an analysis feedback device 10, a receiving device 11, a sliding type cladding head 12, a beam 13, a double-slider connecting device 14, a cladding substrate 15, stepping motors 16 and 18 and a slide rail 17, wherein the computer 9 is connected with the console 8, the console is respectively connected with the motor 7, the mechanical arm 1, the stepping motor 18 arranged on the rotary table and a built-in stepping motor 16 in the double-slider connecting device, so as to form a processing device and realize a cladding process, and the computer 9 is sequentially connected with the analysis feedback device 10 and the receiving device 11 through signals to realize real-time dynamic monitoring and feedback of the substrate.
The desired lobster eye structure consisted of an array of channels, each opening of which was square with a length of 1.5mm, the height and cone angle of each channel was 10mm and 2 respectively, and the thickness of the thin walls of all channels was set to 0.2 mm. The cone angle of the whole lobster eye structure is 18 degrees. Using average particle sizeAtomized AlSi at 23 μm10Mg powder to prepare lobster eye structure, and the whole SLM technological process is carried out in argon atmosphere, and the oxygen content is lower than 10 ppm. The laser power was set between 325W-425W, adjusted in real time with the feedback device. For all SLM-treated lobster eye assemblies, the scanning speed, layer thickness and layer spacing were set to 2200mm/s, 30 μm and 50 μm, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the apparatus for laser additive manufacturing of a complex thin-wall structure according to the present invention, a cladding layer is prepared on a surface of a substrate by a coaxial powder feeding type laser cladding head. The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) adjusting the power of the laser to 325W-425W, setting the scanning speed, the layer thickness and the interlayer spacing to 2200mm/s, 30 μm and 50 μm respectively, and using argon gas for protection;
(2) checking whether the mechanical arm, the high-temperature-resistant glass base and the motor on the mounting base are fastened or not, and whether the rotary table and the high-temperature-resistant glass base are fastened or not, and ensuring that the device is electrified after no problem exists;
(3) adjusting the inclination angle of the two brackets to form 2 degrees with the vertical direction according to the cone angle of the required part and fixing;
(4) starting the sliding type cladding head, the illuminating device, the receiving device and the analysis feedback device, and detecting whether each function is normal;
(5) after confirming that all functions are normal, opening a computer and a console, and inputting relevant process parameters according to all size requirements of the part;
(6) after the cladding matrix is fixed on the high-temperature-resistant glass substrate, the processing is started, the stepping motor on the rotary table can be observed to drive the support to swing by an angle, and the sliding type cladding head slides once along the cross beam to complete a scanning path. After the support passes through the preset angle, the rotary table rotates to the next angle, and the process is repeated to complete one layer of cladding. Then the stepping motor in the double-slider connecting device drives the beam to rise to the next layer of height, and the process is repeated until the whole cladding process is completed;
(7) in the cladding process, the receiving device receives signals generated by the lower illuminating device and sends the signals to the analysis feedback device, the signals are processed by the analysis feedback device, the related data are sent to the computer, and the computer dynamically adjusts the related processing parameters according to the related data.
Claims (8)
1. The device for manufacturing the complex thin-wall structure by the aid of the laser additive materials is characterized by comprising a workbench, an additive material manufacturing device, a monitoring analysis feedback device and a master control device computer;
the additive manufacturing device comprises a sliding type cladding head adopting coaxial powder feeding and a mechanical arm for driving the sliding type cladding head to move relative to a workbench;
the workbench comprises a high-temperature-resistant glass base, a cross beam, a support, a sliding rail, a rotary table, a double-slider connecting device, a motor and a stepping motor;
the monitoring analysis feedback device comprises an illuminating device, a receiving device, an analysis feedback device and a console;
the mechanical arm is arranged on the base and is positioned at one end of the base; the motor is arranged on the base and positioned at the other end of the base; the high-temperature-resistant glass base is arranged on the base and located between the motor and the mechanical arm, the high-temperature-resistant glass base is of a hollow transparent structure, and the lighting device is located in the high-temperature-resistant glass base; the rotary table is fixed on the high-temperature-resistant glass base, a stepping motor is arranged in the rotary table, the support is connected with the stepping motor arranged in the rotary table, and the rotary table can rotate so as to drive the support to rotate; the beam is connected and installed on the bracket by adopting a double-slider, a stepping motor is arranged in the double-slider connecting device to enable the beam to move up and down on the bracket, and the mechanical arm is connected with the sliding type cladding head so that the sliding type cladding head can slide back and forth on the beam; the receiving device is suspended above the whole system and is opposite to the lighting device; the computer is connected with the console, and the console receives the computer instruction and compiles the computer instruction into a PLC code.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support is freely adjustable in angle and fixed to meet manufacturing requirements for different thin-wall inclination angles.
3. The apparatus for laser additive manufacturing of complex thin-walled structures according to claim 1, wherein the computer is connected with the analysis feedback device and the receiving device in sequence.
4. The apparatus for laser additive manufacturing of complex thin-walled structures according to claim 1, wherein the console is connected to the motor, the robot arm, the stepping motor built in the turntable, and the built-in stepping motor in the double-slider coupling device, respectively.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control console controls the motor to output power and stop, the motor provides power to the turntable to allow the turntable to rotate controllably, and the support rotates with the rotation of the turntable.
6. The apparatus for laser additive manufacturing of complex thin-walled structures according to claim 1, wherein the support is connected to a stepping motor built in the turntable to realize forward and backward rotation of the support, and the stepping motor is in signal connection with the console.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rack is provided with a slide rail, the double-slider coupling device is provided with a built-in stepping motor to move the beam up and down on the rack, and the stepping motor is in signal connection with the console.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support and the beam are coupled by a double-slider coupling, and the double-slider coupling can be stopped and fixed at a position to ensure that the inclination of the support is not affected when the beam moves up and down.
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| CN201910508888.2A CN110202141B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Device for manufacturing complex thin-wall structure by laser additive manufacturing |
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| CN110202141B true CN110202141B (en) | 2020-06-26 |
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| CN111922341A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-13 | 南京思锐迪科技有限公司 | Method for forming bionic lobster eye complex thin-wall structure by laser |
| CN113500773B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-04-01 | 吉林大学 | Lobster eye-imitated focused pulse highlight in-situ forming 4D printing device and method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106311876A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | 山东大学 | Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing |
| CN107138728A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-08 | 广东工业大学 | The increasing material manufacturing method and increasing material manufacturing system of a kind of labyrinth |
| CN109175367A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Increase material, etc. materials composition metal 3D laser forming device and its method |
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| US20170242424A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | General Electric Company | Laser power monitoring in additive manufacturing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106311876A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | 山东大学 | Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing |
| CN107138728A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-08 | 广东工业大学 | The increasing material manufacturing method and increasing material manufacturing system of a kind of labyrinth |
| CN109175367A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Increase material, etc. materials composition metal 3D laser forming device and its method |
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