CN106311876A - Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106311876A CN106311876A CN201611004740.8A CN201611004740A CN106311876A CN 106311876 A CN106311876 A CN 106311876A CN 201611004740 A CN201611004740 A CN 201611004740A CN 106311876 A CN106311876 A CN 106311876A
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- wall case
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Disclosed is a complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing. The system comprises a progressive forming system, a laser metal deposition system and a control system. The progressive forming system comprises a worktable, a three-dimensional movement platform and an electric spindle, wherein the electric spindle is mounted on the three-dimensional movement platform and provided with a tool bit, and the worktable is arranged below the electric spindle and provided with a clamp. The laser metal deposition system comprises a fiber laser, a laser head, a powder feeder and a nozzle. The formation method is to clamp the plate to the fixture of the worktable, the control system controls the electric spindle to drive the tool bit to form the sheet layer by layer and to form the thin-walled shell; and then through laser, metal powder is fused and deposited on the thin-walled shell, and the block-type characteristics are formed. The complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system can realize the small batch and efficient manufacture of the complicated thin-walled workpiece, and has the advantages of saving material, and eliminating the need of mold and the like, and the manufacturing cycle of the complicated thin-walled workpiece is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for the complex thin-walled member with thin-wall case and block feature is carried out progressive
Shape and increase the combined shaping system and method that material manufactures, belonging to Combined Machining Technology field.
Background technology
Thin-walled metal member is the light-weighted critical structural component of mechanized equipment and critical function parts, delivers in traffic
The fields such as (automobile, track vehicle, boats and ships), Aero-Space, lathe, medical treatment and resource equipment have a wide range of applications.With
Developing rapidly of high-tech industry, to high-performance, lightweight, the date of delivery of change batch complicated shape thin-wall member and product matter
Amount proposes requirements at the higher level, makes existing forming technique be challenged.Devoting Major Efforts To Developing research NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE Digitized Manufacturing Technology is carved
Do not allow to delay, be to improve production efficiency, the effective way of saving resources costs, development and lifting light material thin-wall member are manufactured
Technical merit and ability have great strategic significance.
Metal increases material manufacture (3D printing) technology and plate flexible forming technology all according to the 3-dimensional digital mould of target member
Type, directly produces exemplar, greatly reduces from the cycle being designed into production, has the most excellent on manufacture thin-walled metal member
Gesture.
Metal increases material manufacturing technology and is mainly formed by laser metal deposition, and the method utilizes the mathematical model generation point of product
The cross section information of layer, becomes the shape of design by laser or electron beam by metal dust successively clinkering.
Plate flexible forming technology is mainly progressive molding technology, and sheet metal component monolithic molding is divided into by contour by the method
Multiple layers that line separates are processed, and each layer shapes according to certain track, successively processes final form.
Both of which is without mould, and stock utilization is high, can manufacture complex thin-wall component.
Although the thin-wall member after plate flexible forming has some strength, but remains what intensity had much room for improvement
Problem.And the reinforcement that increase has block feature is the effective ways improving thin-wall member intensity.
Chinese patent literature CN105073376A discloses one " manufacture method of composite shaped body ", and the method includes:
Use continuous wave laser with composition surface Continuous irradiation laser to described metal forming body of the irradiation speed of more than 2000mm/sec
Operation；Will containing in preceding processes laser irradiate after metal forming body composition surface be partly arranged at mould in and will
The injection molding operation of resin of described resinite to be formed；Or with the resin of described resin-formed body to be formed with containing
The operation that the state of part contact on the metal forming body composition surface after laser irradiates in preceding processes is extruded.This is combined into
The manufacture method of type body is the manufacture method of the composite shaped body of metal forming body and resin-formed body joint, it is still desirable to
Use mould.
At present, shortage increases material manufacture and the plate flexible forming skill at mutual Collaborative Manufacturing thin-walled metal member about metal
Art, is formed and has thin-wall case and the part of block feature simultaneously, adapts to the Flexible Manufacturing Technology of different geometric properties still
It is not seen in report.
Summary of the invention
Exist in terms of forming technique for the existing complex thin-walled member with thin-wall case and block feature
Deficiency, the present invention provide a kind of can be formed have simultaneously thin-wall case and block characteristic part and efficiency high based on progressive
Shape and increase the complex thin-walled member formation system that material manufactures, the manufacturing process of this system a kind of is provided simultaneously.
The complex thin-walled member formation system manufactured with increasing material based on progressive molding of the present invention, by the following technical solutions:
This system, including progressive molding system, laser metal deposition system and control system；Described progressive molding system bag
Including workbench, three-dimensional mobile platform and electric main shaft, electric main shaft is arranged in three-dimensional mobile platform, equipped with work in electric main shaft
Tool head, workbench is positioned at the lower section of electric main shaft, and workbench is provided with fixture, and fixture is provided with clamping backing plate and flanging
Circle, blank holder is in above pad plate；Described laser metal deposition system include optical fiber laser, laser head, powder feeder and
Nozzle, nozzle is connected with laser head, and laser head is connected by optical fiber with optical fiber laser, and by powder feeding pipe and powder feeder phase
Even, laser head and nozzle are arranged in three-dimensional mobile platform or arm robot；Electric main shaft, three-dimensional mobile platform, arm machine
Device people, powder feeder and laser instrument are all connected with control system.
Described three-dimensional mobile platform may be mounted on workbench, it is also possible to separates with workbench.
Described powder feeder, laser instrument and arm robot can be installed within workbench, make whole system become one
Overall.
Said system realizes the manufacturing process of complex thin-walled member, comprises the following steps:
(1) fixture to workbench of the sheet material clamping needed for thin-wall case in complex thin-walled member shapes, sheet material will be used for
It is placed between backing plate and blank holder, by fixture, backing plate, sheet material is clamped together with blank holder；
(2) according to the thin-wall case shape and size in complex thin-walled member, the movement locus of tool heads is determined；Control system
Control three-dimensional mobile platform driving electric main axle moving and rotate, making electric main shaft drive tool heads by the movement locus fortune determined
OK, successively sheet material is formed processing, until processing thin-wall case；
(3) thin-wall case needing increase material fabrication region divide, planning increases material and manufactures path；Determine laser power,
Scanning speed and powder sending quantity；Thin-wall case keeps the most motionless, controls arm robot or three-dimensional mobile flat by control system
Platform drives laser head to manufacture path operation by increasing material, control system control powder feeder and control to laser head powder feeding, control system
Optical fiber laser is energy needed for laser head output metal deposit, and metal dust passes through laser fusion sediment on thin-wall case,
Required there is thin-wall case and the complex thin-walled member of block feature until processing.
The present invention makes full use of progressive molding and increases the advantage that material manufactures, it is achieved without mould, high efficiency manufacture complex thin-wall zero
Component.By the collaborative work of progressive molding system Yu laser metal deposition system, first with progressive molding system to panel beating
Component carries out plastic deformation, and next utilizes laser metal deposition system local accumulation material, and the flexibility ratio of two set formation systems is relatively
Height, ultimately forms the parts of thin-wall casing with reinforcing rib structure.On the sheet-metal member of flexible forming, increase material system by local
The method made piles up material, is formed and has thin-wall case and the part of block feature simultaneously, and it is special that development adapts to different geometry
The Flexible Manufacturing Technology levied, it is achieved the sustainability that complex parts manufacture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on progressive molding and the structural representation increasing the hardware combined shaping system that material manufactures.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of complex thin-wall zero component of combined shaping of the present invention.
In figure: 1. three-dimensional mobile electric main shaft；2. tool heads；3. blank holder；4. fixture；5. backing plate；6. workbench；7. plate
Material；8. nozzle；9. laser head；10. arm robot；11. control systems；12. powder feeders；13. optical fiber lasers, 14. thin-walleds
Housing, 15. reinforcements.
Detailed description of the invention
The hardware combined shaping system manufactured with increasing material based on progressive molding of the present invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include gradually
Entering formation system, laser metal deposition system and control system 11, control system 11 can use Programmable Logic Controller.
Progressive molding system, including workbench 6, three-dimensional mobile platform and electric main shaft 1.Three-dimensional mobile platform can be installed
On workbench 6, it is also possible to separate with workbench 6.Electric main shaft 1 is arranged on three-dimensional mobile platform (being not drawn in figure)
On, electric main shaft 1 and three-dimensional mobile platform are all connected with control system 11, and control system 11 controls three-dimensional mobile platform band galvanic electricity
Dynamic main shaft 1 realizes D translation in the X, Y, Z direction and rotates, and control system 11 controls the rotary motion of electric main shaft 1.Electronic master
Axle 1 is equipped with tool heads 2, and the working end of tool heads 2 is hemispherical, is allowed to deform for extrusion plate.Tool heads 2 is in electric main shaft
Run according to progressive molding movement locus prepared in advance under the drive of 1.Workbench 6 is positioned at the lower section of electric main shaft 1, workbench
Fixture 4 is installed on 6.Fixture 4 is for clamping backing plate 5 and blank holder 3, and backing plate 3 is arranged on fixture 4, and blank holder 3 is in pad
Above plate 5.Backing plate 5 and blank holder 3 are used for compressing sheet material 7.Backing plate 5 is positioned at the bottom of sheet material 7 and is in contact with it offer deformation
Support.Blank holder 3 is positioned at the top of sheet material 7 and is in contact with it offer precompressed, and blank holder 3 is pressed in the sheet material 7 region without deformation,
Pushing down sheet material 7, blank holder 3 is clamped by fixture 4.Fixture 4 presses flange 3 and backing plate 5 by bolt clip, forms bolt fastening even
Connect, it is ensured that to sheet material 7 pressuring action.And it is placed in blank holder 3, pad plate 5 in the middle of blank holder 3 and pad plate 5 by fixture 4
Sheet material 7 be fixed.
Laser metal deposition system, including optical fiber laser 13, laser head 9, arm robot 10, powder feeder 12 and nozzle
8.Nozzle 8 is connected with laser head 9, for coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, it is possible to achieve realize the coaxial operation of laser-powder feeding.Laser head 9 and light
Fibre laser 13 is connected by optical fiber, and is connected with powder feeder 12 by powder feeding pipe, it is achieved synchronous powder feeding system.Optical fiber laser 13 carries
For energy needed for metal deposit.Laser head 9 and nozzle 8 are arranged in arm robot 10, it is achieved synchronous powder feeding system multiple degrees of freedom sinks
Long-pending.Powder feeder 12, laser instrument 13 are all connected with control system 11 with arm robot 10, control powder feeder by control system 11
12, laser instrument 13 runs with arm robot 10, it is achieved the mutual collaborative work of three, can be with flexible motion.
Powder feeder 12, laser instrument 13 and arm robot 10 can be installed within, on workbench 6, making whole system become one
Individual entirety.
Arm robot 10 can also be saved, make laser head 9 and nozzle 8 be arranged in three-dimensional mobile platform, make laser head 9
In three-dimensional mobile platform, three-dimensional motion is realized with nozzle 8.
Progressive molding system is controlled by control system 11 with laser metal deposition system, is allowed to coordinate work.
Below there is answering of bowl-type thin-wall case 14 and bottom criss-crossing reinforcing ribs 15 (block feature) shown in Fig. 2
The said system detailed process to complex thin-walled member combined shaping is described in detail as a example by miscellaneous thin-wall part.
One. to thin-wall case 14 progressive molding
(1) according to the expansion requirement of bowl-type thin-wall case 14 in complex thin-walled member shown in Fig. 2, thin-wall case 14 is shaped institute
Sheet material 7 is needed to be divided into deformed region and without deformed region.
(2) sheet material 7 is placed between backing plate 5 and blank holder 3, sheet material 7 without below deformed region pad upper padding plate 5,
Blank holder 3 is put in top, backing plate 5, sheet material 7 is clamped together with blank holder 3 by fixture 4.
(3) model programming according to the shape and size of the thin-wall case 14 in complex thin-walled member, utilize CAD software to set up three
Dimension word model, then use CAM software according to the movement locus of preferred technological parameter Core Generator head 2.
(4) tool heads 2 is installed on main shaft, control system 11 controls the motion of main shaft, according to Core Generator head 2
Movement locus carries out successively deformation processing to sheet material 7, until processing bowl-type thin-wall case 14.
Two. thin-wall case 14 is increased material and shapes
(1) according to the requirement of complex thin-walled member, need to increase material fabrication region to the bottom of the thin-wall case 14 of progressive molding
Dividing, planning increases material and manufactures path.
(2) increasing manufacture process parameter is determined, including laser power, scanning speed and powder sending quantity etc..
(3) thin-wall case 14 after progressive molding keeps the most motionless, controls arm robot 10 by control system 11
Operation, robot 10 drive laser head 9 according to planning increasing material manufacture path run, by control system 11 control powder feeder 12 to
Laser head 9 powder feeding, control system 11 controls optical fiber laser 13 energy, metal dust needed for laser head 9 exports metal deposit
By laser fusion sediment on housing, it is processed manufacturing according to path planning, until processing in the bottom of thin-wall case 14
Go out criss-crossing reinforcing ribs 15, formed and there is thin-wall case and the complex thin-walled member of block feature.
Be given in Fig. 2 has thin-wall case and the complex thin-walled member of block feature, and sheet material material is 7075 aluminium alloys,
Thickness is 1-2mm, and related process parameters is set to:
The diameter of tool heads 2 is chosen as 8-10mm, control system press under controlling, and each volume under pressure is 0.1-0.2mm, presses
According to the movement locus of the tool heads 2 generated, the feed rate of tool heads 2 is 1000-2000mm/min, until processing described shape
Shape part.Determining that laser power is 2000-2500W, scanning speed 4-6mm/s, powder sending quantity is 2-3g/s.
Claims (4)
1., based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system increasing material manufacture, it is characterized in that: include progressive molding system
System, laser metal deposition system and control system；Described progressive molding system includes workbench, three-dimensional mobile platform and electronic master
Axle, electric main shaft is arranged in three-dimensional mobile platform, and equipped with tool heads in electric main shaft, workbench is positioned under electric main shaft
Side, workbench is provided with fixture, fixture is provided with clamping backing plate and blank holder, and blank holder is in above pad plate；Institute
Stating laser metal deposition system and include optical fiber laser, laser head, powder feeder and nozzle, nozzle is connected with laser head, laser head
Being connected by optical fiber with optical fiber laser, and be connected with powder feeder by powder feeding pipe, laser head and nozzle are arranged on three-dimensional mobile
Platform or arm robot；Electric main shaft, three-dimensional mobile platform, arm robot, powder feeder and laser instrument with control are all
System connects.
The most according to claim 1 based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system increasing material manufacture, it is characterized in that: institute
State three-dimensional mobile platform to install on the table.
The most according to claim 1 based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system increasing material manufacture, it is characterized in that: institute
State powder feeder, laser instrument and arm robot to be respectively mounted on the table.
4. realize complex thin-wall based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system increasing material manufacture described in a claim 1
The manufacturing process of part, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) will be used for the fixture to workbench of the sheet material clamping needed for thin-wall case in complex thin-walled member shapes, sheet material is placed in
Between backing plate and blank holder, by fixture, backing plate, sheet material are clamped together with blank holder；
(2) according to the thin-wall case shape and size in complex thin-walled member, the movement locus of tool heads is determined；Control system controls
Three-dimensional mobile platform driving electric main axle moving also rotates, and makes electric main shaft drive tool heads to run by the movement locus determined,
Successively sheet material is formed processing, until processing thin-wall case；
(3) thin-wall case needing increase material fabrication region divide, planning increases material and manufactures path；Determine laser power, scanning
Speed and powder sending quantity；Thin-wall case keeps the most motionless, controls arm robot or three-dimensional mobile platform band by control system
Dynamic laser head manufactures path operation by increasing material, control system control powder feeder and control optical fiber to laser head powder feeding, control system
Laser instrument is energy needed for laser head output metal deposit, and metal dust passes through laser fusion sediment on thin-wall case, until
Process and required there is thin-wall case and the complex thin-walled member of block feature.
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| CN107685149A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-02-13 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method and device for improving laser gain material manufacture thin-wall part forming quality |
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