CN109332697B - Selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment - Google Patents
Selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109332697B CN109332697B CN201811363972.1A CN201811363972A CN109332697B CN 109332697 B CN109332697 B CN 109332697B CN 201811363972 A CN201811363972 A CN 201811363972A CN 109332697 B CN109332697 B CN 109332697B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/77—Recycling of gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment, which comprises a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply system, a powder spreading device, a forming workbench system and a smoke circulating and filtering system, wherein the laser galvanometer system is connected with the powder supply system; the powder spreading device comprises a powder spreading scraper and an accelerating smoke blowing mechanism; the accelerating smoke blowing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder spreading scraper; the powder spreading scraper adopts a symmetrical reverse design; the forming workbench system comprises a substrate, a movable base, a thrust ball bearing, a preheating device, a fixed base, a rotating device and a vertical up-and-down moving device; the preheating device is arranged inside the movable base; the powder supply system is positioned above the powder spreading device; the powder spreading device is positioned right above the central line position of the substrate; the laser galvanometer system is positioned above the substrate; the smoke dust circulating and filtering systems are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the powder spreading device. The invention greatly shortens the powder laying waiting time, and the invention also introduces a linear laser heat source, which increases the forming efficiency of the laser additive manufacturing equipment by tens of times. The method is particularly suitable for high-efficiency forming of complex metal parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to metal laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment.
Background
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology belongs to a rapid solidification manufacturing process, is one of the leading-edge metal additive manufacturing technologies with the highest development potential in the 90 s of the 20 th century, is well appreciated by various developed countries, becomes a strategic high point of active preemption of the developed countries, and brings about a complete and deep revolution of the whole manufacturing system. Advanced countries such as europe and the united states even promote the advanced countries to the national strategic levels of "re-industrialization", "re-seizing back to manufacturing industry" and "heavy economy", and make policy of additive manufacturing industry in many ways, which is one of the core technologies for improving national competitiveness. It was originally developed by doctor m.fockele et al, whereby dense parts were formed directly from metal powder and was first patented in 1997. The principle of the SLM technology is basically the same as that of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology, and the forming process is basically the same, except that the SLM technology is based on a forming mechanism of complete melting/solidification, and the compactness of the formed part is much higher than that of the SLS technology and is close to complete compactness. This is mainly attributed to the continuous development of laser technology, the increase of laser energy density and the reduction of spot diameter, so that the metal powder material can be completely melted. The shaping mechanism of the SLM technique also gives it great advantages: if compact and highly complex parts can be formed, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and the like of the parts can be superior to those of corresponding traditional castings, and even can reach the level of forgings. And because the material is completely melted in the printing process, the diameter of the light spot is small, so that the precision of the formed part is higher. Meanwhile, the technology has the advantages of greatly liberating the degree of freedom of the design of designers, enabling a plurality of assembling parts to be integrally formed, saving materials and the like.
The general shaping process of the SLM technique is as follows: 1. importing the built three-dimensional model slice and the support data of the complex part into SLM equipment; 2. selecting SLM forming process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and the like and scanning strategies according to materials; 3. spreading a layer of metal powder on a substrate by using a scraper, and introducing inert gas into the equipment until the oxygen content is lower than a specified value; 4. starting a laser to emit laser, and finishing selective melting of powder according to the scanning path planning; 5. the substrate is lowered by a distance of one layer thickness and the scraper is returned to the starting position (one-way) or directly (two-way) for a second layer of dusting. And circulating the steps until the part forming is finished. 6. And taking the workpiece and performing post-treatment.
From the forming process of the SLM technology, it can be found that the SLM forming efficiency is affected by the waiting time of the powder spreading process except the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder layer thickness, scanning line length, etc., and the higher the part is, the more the forming layer number is, the more the powder spreading times are, the longer the powder spreading time is, the longer the whole part processing time is, and the lower the forming efficiency is. And the longer the working hours, the longer the residual stress is released, the warping deformation of the part is caused, and the forming quality of the part is affected. Therefore, the SLM technology shaping efficiency problem will become an important technical bottleneck to prevent its rapid development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment to solve the problems of insufficient forming efficiency and the like of the existing SLM (selective laser melting) technology; the efficiency of the selective laser melting equipment is obviously improved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment which comprises a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply system, a powder laying device, a forming workbench system and a smoke circulating and filtering system;
the powder spreading device comprises a powder spreading scraper and an accelerating smoke blowing mechanism; the accelerating smoke blowing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder spreading scraper; the powder spreading scraper adopts a symmetrical reverse design; namely, when the movable base station rotates, the powder is ensured to fall in front of the scraper blade all the time, and the uniform powder spreading of the whole base station is realized;
the forming workbench system comprises a substrate, a movable base, a thrust ball bearing, a preheating device, a fixed base, a rotating device and a vertical up-and-down moving device; the substrate is fixed on the movable base; the movable base station is fixed on the fixed base station through a thrust ball bearing; the movable base station is also connected with a rotating device to drive the movable base station to rotate at a constant speed; the fixed base station is connected with the vertical up-and-down movement device and drives the fixed base station to vertically move up and down; the preheating device is arranged inside the movable base platform;
the smoke dust circulating and filtering system comprises a smoke blowing device, a smoking device and an external filtering system; gas convection is formed between the smoke blowing device and the smoke absorbing device, the air flow speed is adjustable, and the smoke dust is filtered by inert gas through an external filtering system and is recycled;
the powder spreading device, the forming workbench system and the smoke dust circulating system are all arranged in the cabin; the powder supply system is positioned above the powder spreading device and outside the cabin, can add powder in real time, and supplies powder for the scraper intermittently, quantitatively and uniformly, so that the forming process is prevented from being interrupted; the powder spreading device is positioned right above the centerline of the substrate; the laser galvanometer system is positioned above the substrate and is arranged outside the cabin; the smoke suction devices of the smoke dust circulating and filtering system are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the powder spreading device; realizing gas convection with the powder spreading device;
the laser galvanometer system is a linear heat source laser galvanometer system, is positioned above the substrate and mainly comprises a laser generator, an optical fiber, a collimator, a beam expander, a galvanometer, a field lens and a beam splitter; the optical fiber plays a role in laser conduction and is sequentially connected with a laser generator, a light splitter, a collimator, a beam expander, a galvanometer and a field lens; the laser beam generator generates a laser beam, the beam splitter is used for uniformly distributing laser energy, the collimator is used for collimating the laser beam, the beam expander is used for adjusting the diameter and the divergence angle of the laser beam, the galvanometer is used for controlling the direction and the speed of a scanning line, and the field lens is used for calibrating a light spot and the speed; the scanning action of the laser galvanometer system and the rotating motion of the movable base station are cooperatively processed, so that the synchronous execution of laser melting forming and powder laying action is realized. Laser is evenly shunted and shaped to form a linear array laser light source, the linear array point number is controlled through a switch to control the length of a linear heat source, and the linear heat source forming is realized.
Furthermore, the accelerating smoke blowing mechanism adopts a conical air blowing opening design and is used for accelerating air flow.
Furthermore, the preheating device is spirally distributed in the movable base table, so that the preheating temperature uniformity is improved.
Further, the rotating device comprises an angular contact ball bearing, a belt wheel mechanism and a small servo motor; the angular contact ball bearing is connected with the movable base; the small servo motor drives the movable base station to rotate at a constant speed through the belt wheel mechanism and the angular contact ball bearing.
Further, the vertical up-and-down movement device comprises a screw rod mechanism and a large servo motor; the screw rod mechanism is connected with the fixed base station; the large servo motor drives the fixed base station to vertically move up and down through the screw rod mechanism.
Further, the movable base can realize continuous rotation.
Furthermore, the powder spreading device can move left and right to avoid a laser scanning area, and a forming area can cover the whole substrate surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the synchronous operation of laser melting forming and powder laying based on the movable base station rotary symmetrical powder laying and the additive manufacturing technology of the cooperative control of the laser galvanometer system and the powder laying device, realizes the shortest powder laying time which is almost ignored, greatly shortens the powder laying waiting time, and solves the problem of high part processing cost caused by low laser melting additive manufacturing forming efficiency. The invention also introduces a linear laser heat source, which further increases the forming efficiency of the laser additive manufacturing equipment by tens of times. The method is particularly suitable for high-efficiency forming of complex metal parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder laying device in the selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
the device comprises a laser galvanometer system 1, a powder supply system 2, a smoking circulating system 3, a powder spreading device 4, a substrate 5, a movable base station 6, a thrust ball bearing 7, a preheating device 8, a fixed base station 9, an angular contact ball bearing 10, a belt pulley mechanism 11, a small servo motor 12, a screw rod mechanism 13, a large servo motor 14, a scraper frame 4-1, a smoke blowing mechanism 4-2 in an accelerating mode, a scraper blade 4-3, a powder dropping port 4-4, an air inlet 4-5 and an air outlet 4-6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and drawings, but the following examples and drawings are only illustrative, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is shown in fig. 1. The device comprises a point heat source laser galvanometer system 1; a powder supply system 2, a powder spreading device 4, a forming workbench system and a smoke dust circulating system.
The forming table system includes a base plate 5, a movable base 6, a thrust ball bearing 7, a preheating device 8, a fixed base 9, an angular ball bearing 10, a pulley mechanism 11, a small-sized servo motor 12, a screw mechanism 13, and a large-sized servo motor 14. The substrate 5 is fixed on the movable base 6; the movable base 6 is fixed on the fixed base 9 through a thrust ball bearing 7; the angular contact ball bearing 10 is connected with the movable base 6, and the small servo motor 12 drives the movable base 6 to rotate at a constant speed through the angular contact ball bearing 10 and the belt wheel mechanism 11. The screw rod mechanism 13 is connected with the fixed base station 9, and the large servo motor 14 drives the fixed base station 9 to vertically move up and down through the screw rod mechanism 13. The preheating device 8 is spirally distributed inside the movable base 6, so that the preheating temperature uniformity is improved. Sensors are arranged at two ends of the powder spreading device.
The laser galvanometer system 1 is a point heat source laser galvanometer system and mainly comprises a laser generator, an optical fiber, a collimator, a beam expanding lens, a galvanometer and a field lens; and a Gaussian point heat source is provided for melting the material, and scanning is completed according to the path planning. The laser galvanometer system can be preferably provided with 2 sets, 4 sets, 8 sets or 12 sets.
The smoke dust circulating system comprises a smoke blowing device, a smoking device 3 and an external filtering system.
The powder spreading device, the forming workbench system and the smoke dust circulating system are all arranged in the cabin. The outermost layer of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment is provided with a shell which can cover a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply system, a powder spreading device, a forming workbench system and a smoke circulating and filtering system. The powder supply system 2 is positioned above the powder spreading device 4; the powder can be added in real time, and the powder is supplied to the scraper intermittently, quantitatively and uniformly, so that the interruption of the forming process is avoided; the powder spreading device 4 is positioned right above the center line position of the substrate 5 and is arranged outside the cabin; the point heat source laser galvanometer system 1 is positioned above the substrate 5 and is arranged outside the cabin; the scanning action of the point heat source laser galvanometer system 1 and the rotating motion of the movable base 6 are cooperatively processed, so that the synchronous execution of laser melting forming and powder laying action is realized; the powder spreading time is shortest and is almost ignored. The smoke absorbing devices 3 of the smoke dust circulating and filtering system are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the powder spreading device 4; realize the gas convection with the powder spreading device.
As shown in figure 3, the powder spreading device 4 comprises a 4-1 scraper frame, a 4-2 accelerating type smoke blowing mechanism, a 4-3 scraper blade and a 4-4 powder dropping opening. The 4-2 accelerating type smoke blowing mechanism comprises 4-5 air inlets and 4-6 air outlets. The accelerating smoke blowing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder spreading scraper; the powder spreading scraper adopts a symmetrical reverse design; namely, when the movable base station rotates, the powder is ensured to fall in front of the scraper blade all the time, and the uniform powder spreading of the whole base station is realized. The accelerating smoke blowing mechanism adopts a conical air blowing opening design and is used for accelerating air flow.
The specific implementation sequence of the invention is as follows: the substrate 5 is previously ground and fixed on a movable base 6 and leveled to a distance of one layer thickness from the doctor blade 4-3, and heated to a specified temperature by a preheating device 8 while inert gas is filled into the chamber until the oxygen content is lower than a specified value. The preheating device 8 is arranged inside the movable base 6 and is distributed spirally, so that the temperature distribution uniformity is improved. The powder spreading device 4 is located right above the centerline position of the substrate and is defined as an original position. The powder supply system 2 is positioned right above the powder spreading device 4 and is arranged outside the cabin, so that real-time powder supply is facilitated. Powder is injected into the powder spreading device 4 through the powder supply drive 2, and the powder amount of the powder spreading device is detected through sensors at two ends. When all pretreatment preparation works are finished, such as process parameter setting and cabin environment reaching preset values, the small servo motor 12 is started, the belt wheel mechanism 10 drives the round movable base 6 to rotate at a constant speed, and the rotating speed can be adjusted according to the powder laying quality. The movable base 6 rotates 180 degrees to realize powder spreading of the whole processing plane. The smoke circulating and filtering system is started to realize the gas convection of the powder spreading device 4 and the smoking circulating system 3. Laser galvanometer system 1 includes laser generator, optic fibre, collimater, beam expanding lens, galvanometer, field lens, can select many sets of laser galvanometer system evenly to arrange according to the shaping size, can prefer 2, 4, 8, 12 sets of laser galvanometer system schemes, accomplishes part multizone concatenation and takes shape. And starting the laser galvanometer system 1, and finishing the selection of laser melting and forming of the current layer according to the scanning path planning. When a large-size part is formed, the powder spreading device 4 is located at the central line position of the substrate 5, part forming is partially shielded, the powder spreading device 4 intelligently selects left or right movement according to scanning path planning to avoid, and the forming of the current layer of the whole large part is realized by combining the rotary motion of the movable base 6. The powder spreading device 4 realizes the left-right movement by driving a belt wheel transmission mechanism or a screw rod transmission mechanism through a motor. And after the forming of the current layer is finished, the powder spreading device 4 returns to the original position. The large servo motor 14 drives the screw rod mechanism 13 to move the fixed base 9 downwards by one layer thickness. And repeating the steps to realize the machining and forming of the whole part.
Example 2
A selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The equipment comprises a linear heat source laser galvanometer system 1; a powder supply system 2, a powder spreading device 4, a forming workbench system and a smoke dust circulating system.
The forming table system includes a base plate 5, a movable base 6, a thrust ball bearing 7, a preheating device 8, a fixed base 9, an angular ball bearing 10, a pulley mechanism 11, a small-sized servo motor 12, a screw mechanism 13, and a large-sized servo motor 14. The substrate 5 is fixed on the movable base 6; the movable base 6 is fixed on the fixed base 9 through a thrust ball bearing 7; the angular contact ball bearing 10 is connected with the movable base 6, and the small servo motor 12 drives the movable base 6 to rotate at a constant speed through the angular contact ball bearing 10 and the belt wheel mechanism 11. The screw rod mechanism 13 is connected with the fixed base station 9, and the large servo motor 14 drives the fixed base station 9 to vertically move up and down through the screw rod mechanism 13. The preheating device 8 is spirally distributed inside the movable base 6, so that the preheating temperature uniformity is improved. Sensors are arranged at two ends of the powder spreading device.
The smoke dust circulating system comprises a smoke blowing device, a smoking device 3 and an external filtering system.
The powder spreading device, the forming workbench system and the smoke dust circulating system are all arranged in the cabin. The outermost layer of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment is provided with a shell which can cover a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply system, a powder spreading device, a forming workbench system and a smoke circulating and filtering system. The powder supply system 2 is positioned above the powder spreading device 4; the powder can be added in real time, and the powder is supplied to the scraper intermittently, quantitatively and uniformly, so that the interruption of the forming process is avoided; the powder spreading device 4 is positioned right above the center line position of the substrate 5 and is arranged outside the cabin; the linear heat source laser galvanometer system 1 is positioned above the substrate 5 and is arranged outside the cabin; the scanning action of the linear heat source laser galvanometer system 1 and the rotation movement of the movable base 6 are cooperatively processed, so that the synchronous execution of laser melting forming and powder laying action is realized; the powder spreading time is shortest and is almost ignored. The smoke absorbing devices 3 of the smoke dust circulating and filtering system are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the powder spreading device 4; realize the gas convection with the powder spreading device.
As shown in figure 3, the powder spreading device 4 comprises a 4-1 scraper frame, a 4-2 accelerating type smoke blowing mechanism, a 4-3 scraper blade and a 4-4 powder dropping opening. The 4-2 accelerating type smoke blowing mechanism comprises 4-5 air inlets and 4-6 air outlets. The accelerating smoke blowing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder spreading scraper; the powder spreading scraper adopts a symmetrical reverse design; namely, when the movable base station rotates, the powder is ensured to fall in front of the scraper blade all the time, and the uniform powder spreading of the whole base station is realized. The accelerating smoke blowing mechanism adopts a conical air blowing opening design and is used for accelerating air flow.
The laser galvanometer system 1 is a linear heat source laser galvanometer system and mainly comprises a laser generator, an optical fiber, a collimator, a beam expander, a galvanometer, a field lens and a beam splitter; different from the laser galvanometer system 1 in the embodiment 1, the laser galvanometer system 1 adopts a beam splitter to uniformly split and shape laser into linear array laser light sources, and the linear array points are controlled by a switch to control the length of a linear heat source, so that the linear heat source forming is realized, and the forming efficiency of parts is increased by tens of times. The laser galvanometer system 1 is started to carry out the laser melting forming process and the rotary motion of the movable base 6 for cooperative optimization treatment, so that the synchronous operation is realized, namely, the laser melting is carried out in the powder spreading process, the powder spreading time is reduced to the minimum, and the forming efficiency of equipment parts is further improved.
Claims (6)
1. A selective laser melting additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a laser galvanometer system, a powder supply system, a powder spreading device, a forming workbench system and a smoke circulating and filtering system;
the powder spreading device comprises a powder spreading scraper and an accelerating smoke blowing mechanism; the accelerating smoke blowing mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the powder spreading scraper; the powder spreading scraper adopts a symmetrical reverse design;
the forming workbench system comprises a substrate, a movable base, a thrust ball bearing, a preheating device, a fixed base, a rotating device and a vertical up-and-down moving device; the substrate is fixed on the movable base; the movable base station is fixed on the fixed base station through a thrust ball bearing; the movable base station is also connected with a rotating device to drive the movable base station to rotate at a constant speed; the fixed base station is connected with the vertical up-and-down movement device and drives the fixed base station to vertically move up and down; the preheating device is arranged inside the movable base platform;
the smoke dust circulating and filtering system comprises a smoke blowing device, a smoking device and an external filtering system;
the powder spreading device, the forming workbench system and the smoke dust circulating system are all arranged in the cabin; the powder supply system is positioned above the powder spreading device and is arranged outside the cabin; the powder spreading device is positioned right above the centerline of the substrate; the laser galvanometer system is positioned above the substrate and is arranged outside the cabin; the smoke suction devices of the smoke dust circulating and filtering system are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the powder spreading device; realizing gas convection with the powder spreading device;
the laser galvanometer system is a linear heat source laser galvanometer system, is positioned above the substrate and mainly comprises a laser generator, an optical fiber, a collimator, a beam expander, a galvanometer, a field lens and a beam splitter; the optical fiber is sequentially connected with a laser generator, a beam splitter, a collimator, a beam expander, a galvanometer and a field lens; the scanning action of the laser galvanometer system and the rotating motion of the movable base station are cooperatively processed, so that the synchronous execution of laser melting forming and powder laying action is realized;
the powder spreading device can move left and right to avoid a laser scanning area, and a forming area covers the whole substrate surface.
2. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the accelerated smoke blowing mechanism is designed with a conical blowing port.
3. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the preheating device is distributed within the movable base in a spiral.
4. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotating device includes an angular contact ball bearing, a pulley mechanism, and a small servo motor; the angular contact ball bearing is connected with the movable base; the small servo motor drives the movable base station to rotate at a constant speed through the belt wheel mechanism and the angular contact ball bearing.
5. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the vertical up-and-down motion device comprises a lead screw mechanism, a large servo motor; the screw rod mechanism is connected with the fixed base station; the large servo motor drives the fixed base station to vertically move up and down through the screw rod mechanism.
6. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the moveable base is continuously rotatable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811363972.1A CN109332697B (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811363972.1A CN109332697B (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109332697A CN109332697A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109332697B true CN109332697B (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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| CN111151744A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-05-15 | 汕头大学 | EBM and femtosecond laser-based cutting integrated additive manufacturing equipment and method |
| CN111069600B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-29 | 上海交通大学 | Additive manufacturing method of low-modulus titanium/titanium layered material |
| US20210229361A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-07-29 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | 3-d printer with gas exchange mechanism for removing contaminants during re-coating |
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| CN115401218A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-11-29 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Metal 3D printing device and metal 3D printing method |
| CN115319116B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Cross-configuration part laser powder feeding 3D printing forming method |
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| DE102010041284A1 (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for selective laser sintering and equipment suitable for this method for selective laser sintering |
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