CN110180297B - Device and method for removing fine particles through multi-field cooperation - Google Patents
Device and method for removing fine particles through multi-field cooperation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110180297B CN110180297B CN201910390745.6A CN201910390745A CN110180297B CN 110180297 B CN110180297 B CN 110180297B CN 201910390745 A CN201910390745 A CN 201910390745A CN 110180297 B CN110180297 B CN 110180297B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for removing fine particles by multi-field cooperation, wherein the inner space of a dust removing box body is divided into an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area, a multi-field cooperation agglomeration area, a sound-electricity coupling agglomeration dust collection area and an inertial sedimentation dust collection area from top to bottom, and a sound wave generator is arranged at the top of the dust removing box body and is used for forming a vertically through sound field; the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline is connected with a nozzle which is vertically and downwards arranged and is used for spraying water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area; the plate electrode penetrates through the multi-field cooperative agglomeration region, the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection region and the inertial sedimentation dust collection region; the water tank is positioned at the upper part of the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area and is used for providing water flow for the plate electrode so as to form a water film on the inner wall surface of the plate electrode; the barbed wire electrode is arranged in the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area and is used for generating a radially distributed electric field. The invention adopts gradual fractional condensation removal, has wide application range of particles, high removal efficiency of fine particles and longer stable operation time of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas dust removal, in particular to a device and a method for removing fine particles in a multi-field synergistic manner.
Background
The coal combustion brings serious particulate pollution while providing heat source and power for us, and the emission of the coal-fired boiler occupies a large part in the sources of fine particulate matters, especially in the widely used industriesThe pollution is particularly serious due to the lack of corresponding environment-friendly control equipment in small industrial boilers and industrial kilns. Aerosol particulate matter, in particular fine particulate matter PM 2.5 The air is discharged into the air, which can seriously affect the daily life and work of people and even threaten the life safety of people. Because the volume of the fine particles is small and the weight is light, the residence time in the atmosphere is long, the floating distance is long, and the influence range is wide. And because of its unique extinction effect, can seriously reduce the visibility of environment, cause large tracts of land dust haze weather, influence people's normal trip. In addition, the specific surface area of the fine particles is relatively large, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metals can be enriched on the surface of the fine particles, and the limited blocking capability of the human body on the fine particles can lead the fine particles to enter the respiratory tract of the human body and be deposited in alveoli, wherein the heavy metals can enter the blood of the human body, cause diseases in the aspects of asthma, bronchus, cardiovascular diseases and the like, and harm the health of the human body.
At present, most coal-fired power station boilers in China mainly adopt an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove particulate matters in tail flue gas. The high-efficiency electrostatic precipitator can remove dust up to 99.9%, but for fine particles, especially particles with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 microns, about 15% still escape to the atmosphere. Therefore, the agglomeration of various particles is considered to be overlapped on an electrostatic dust collection mechanism, so that fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle size, and then the particles are collected through the electrostatic dust collection function. Agglomeration methods currently under investigation include: electric agglomeration, sonic agglomeration, phase-change coagulation growth, chemical agglomeration and the like, but the agglomeration methods have certain defects when being singly used, the agglomeration effect on fine particles is not obvious, and the final fine particle removal efficiency cannot be effectively improved.
For example: chinese patent with publication number CN 103736356B: a device for removing fine particles by combining sound wave agglomeration and conventional dust removal is disclosed, wherein a line sound source or a surface sound source is paved on four sides or two adjacent sides of a flue gas pipeline, the fine particles are adsorbed to large particles or the fine particles are agglomerated into the large particles by utilizing a sound wave agglomeration mechanism, and then the conventional dust remover is used for removing the dust, so that the fine particles can be removed to a certain extent, but the removal efficiency is lower.
Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a novel fine particulate matter high-efficiency removing device based on a multi-field synergistic method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device for removing fine particles in a multi-field synergistic way, which is reasonable in structural design and high in removal efficiency, and a method for removing the fine particles.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: the device comprises a vertically arranged dust removal box body, wherein an aerosol particle inlet channel is arranged at the upper part of the dust removal box body, an aerosol outlet channel is arranged at the lower part of the dust removal box body, the aerosol particle inlet channel and the aerosol outlet channel are both arranged along the horizontal direction, and an ash bucket is connected to the bottom of the dust removal box body; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises an acoustic wave generator, a water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline, an aerosol turbulence gathering ring, a water tank, a plate electrode and a barbed wire electrode; the inner space of the dust removing box body is divided into an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area, a multi-field cooperative agglomeration area, an acousto-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area and an inertial sedimentation dust collection area from top to bottom, an aerosol particulate matter inlet channel is communicated and connected with the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area, and an aerosol outlet channel is communicated and connected with the inertial sedimentation dust collection area; the sound wave generator is arranged at the top of the dust removing box body and is used for enabling the inside of the dust removing box body to form a vertically through sound field; the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring is mounted on the inner wall of the dust removal box body in a fitting way and is positioned in an aerosol turbulence and sound wave aggregation area; the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline passes through the wall of the dust removal box body from the outside, enters the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration area and is positioned above the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring, the tail end of the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline is connected with a nozzle, the lower part of the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration area forms an outlet flow passage, and the nozzle is vertically and downwards arranged at the center of the outlet flow passage and is used for injecting water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent into the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area; the plate electrode is in a thin-wall cylinder shape with openings at the upper and lower parts, is sleeved in the dust removal box body at a certain distance from the inner wall of the dust removal box body, and penetrates through the multi-field cooperative agglomeration region, the acousto-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection region and the inertial sedimentation dust collection region; the water tank is positioned at the upper part of the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area and is used for providing water flow for the plate electrode so as to form a water film on the inner wall surface of the plate electrode; the barbed wire electrode is arranged at the center of the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area along the vertical direction and is used for generating a radially distributed electric field.
Preferably, the dust removing box body is of a cylindrical structure; the aerosol particle inlet channel is tangentially arranged at the top of the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area, and forms a tangential air inlet cyclone-like cutter structure together with the cylindrical dust removal box body and the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring; the inner wall surface of the aerosol turbulent flow gathering ring is an annular inclined surface, and the inclined angle of the annular inclined surface is at least 60 degrees.
Preferably, the bottom of the ash bucket is provided with an ash bucket slurry outlet.
Preferably, the nozzle adopts a pressure rotary nozzle, and the outlet direction of the nozzle faces away from the incoming aerosol flow direction.
Preferably, the water tank is supplied with water by a water film electrode external water source access pipeline, and the water film electrode external water source access pipeline passes through the wall of the dust removal box body from the outside so as to be connected with the water tank.
Preferably, the water tank is arranged in the area between the inner wall of the dust removal box body and the outer wall of the plate electrode in a surrounding manner, and is positioned below the aerosol turbulence gathering ring, a circle of baffle is connected below the aerosol turbulence gathering ring, a certain gap is reserved between the outer wall of the baffle and the inner wall of the plate electrode, the top surface of the water tank is slightly higher than the top surface of the plate electrode, an overflow port is formed in the top surface of the water tank, and water flowing out of the overflow port flows downwards along the gap between the outer wall of the baffle and the inner wall of the plate electrode under the action of the bottom surface of the aerosol turbulence gathering ring and the baffle, so that the plate electrode forms a water film electrode.
Preferably, the barbed wire electrode is connected with a high-voltage negative direct current wire; one end of the high-voltage negative direct current wire penetrates out of the dust removal box body so as to be connected with an external power supply.
Preferably, the plate electrode and the barbed wire electrode are made of stainless steel materials; the barbed points on the barbed wire electrode are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and a radially distributed electric field is formed inside the cylindrical dust removal box body.
Preferably, the inner wall surface of the ash bucket is coated with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sound absorption materials.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides another technical scheme: a method for removing fine particles by utilizing a device for cooperatively removing fine particles by multiple fields comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator to enable the interior of the dust removal box body to form a vertically through sound field; starting a nozzle, and spraying water vapor and a chemical agglomerating agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomerating area; water is supplied into the water tank through a water film electrode external water source access pipeline, so that the plate electrode forms a water film electrode; the barbed wire electrode is electrified to generate a radially distributed electric field;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area through an aerosol particle inlet channel, and then under the centrifugal separation effect, large-particle-size particles are separated and reach a plate electrode downwards along the wall of a dust removal box body, and then are captured and flushed by a water film to enter an ash bucket; the aerosol particles form local ascending airflow vortex due to the cyclone-like cutter effect generated by the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring; the sound field effect (homodromous agglomeration, sound induced turbulence and sound wave wake effect) generated by the sound wave generator promotes the collision agglomeration effect of particles in the local rising airflow vortex, and aerosol particles enter a multi-field cooperative agglomeration area downwards under the blocking of the top of the dust removal box body;
and a third step of: external field coagulation: under the action of sound waves, water vapor and chemical agglomerating agents, fine particles are agglomerated into large-particle-size particles through a sound wave agglomerating mechanism, a phase-change agglomerating and growing mechanism, a chemical agglomerating and flocculating mechanism and a water vapor nuclear agglomerating and growing mechanism respectively, wherein the specific process is as follows: the saturated vapor and the chemical agglomerating agent are respectively injected into the nozzle through the vapor and the chemical agglomerating agent inlet pipeline and then are sprayed along the airflow direction, wherein the vapor takes fine particles as condensation nuclei to undergo nucleation condensation and phase change condensation, so that the particle size and the mass of the particles are increased, the effects of diffusion electrophoresis and thermophoresis are generated, the migration and the collision of the particles are promoted, and the fine particles are condensed and grow; atomizing the chemical agglomerating agent into small liquid drops under the interaction of surface tension, viscous force and air resistance after being sprayed out, and promoting aerosol particles to coagulate and grow up under the physical action of flocculation theory; the sound field which is vertically communicated further promotes the pairwise agglomeration between the particulate matters and the water vapor liquid drops through the sound field effect (homodromous agglomeration, sound induced turbulence and sound tail flow effect);
fourth step: the aerosol particles after the external field condensation enter an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area, negative direct current high voltage is applied to a barbed wire electrode, intense tip corona discharge is formed on a barbed tip, a radially distributed electric field is formed in an area between the barbed tip and a plate electrode, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona area at the same time, the particles in the corona area are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion action and coulomb action; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the sound field vertically communicated promotes collision and agglomeration among the particles through sound field effect (homodromous agglomeration, sound induced turbulence and sound wave wake effect); the vertically communicated sound field and the radially distributed electric field are mutually intersected, the electric field migration effect and the sound wave homodromous agglomeration effect are mutually coupled, the impact area and the impact probability of the collision agglomeration of the particles are further increased, and the collision agglomeration of the particles is promoted; the condensed particles and water vapor particles move towards the plate electrode under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles with large particle size and water vapor particles are collected on the water film electrode, ash removal is carried out through a water film electrode ash removal method, and the particles with large particle size are flushed into the ash bucket, wherein the water film electrode ash removal method comprises the following steps: clean water source enters the water tank through the water film electrode external water source access pipeline, the overflow port is formed in the top surface of the water tank, water flow can be well prevented from interfering with the formation of the water film when the water level in the water tank exceeds the height of the overflow port, water flow can overflow into the gap between the baffle plate and the plate electrode, under the action of the baffle plate, water flow is uniformly distributed on the surface of the plate electrode from top to bottom to form a layer of water film, when aerosol particles and water vapor particles are trapped by the plate electrode, mixed slurry directly enters the ash bucket and is discharged outwards through the slurry outlet of the ash bucket under the combined action of water film flushing and flow field force, so that ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the plate electrode, the stability of an electric field is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and dust collection efficiency is improved;
fifth step: the rest aerosol particles enter an inertial sedimentation dust collection area, and as the aerosol outlet is arranged perpendicular to the airflow direction, the particles enter an ash bucket to be trapped by ash bucket slurry under the inertial action, the aerosol airflow after dust removal is turned by 90 degrees and enters an aerosol outlet channel to be discharged, and as the water film scouring action of the plate electrode forms a water curtain at the aerosol outlet channel, the particles in the aerosol airflow are further removed through water drop scouring, so that the aerosol particle removal process is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the dust removing box body adopts a vertical integrated cylindrical structural form with a multi-field synergistic effect, so that the smoothness of a flow field of an aerosol particle passage is kept, and dust accumulation and scaling in a local area are avoided;
2. the vertical penetrating sound field and the gravity field are taken as basic action fields, and centrifugal separation action, phase-change coagulation action, chemical agglomeration action, electrocoagulation action and inertial sedimentation action are sequentially combined from top to bottom, so that removal of aerosol particles, especially the removal process of fine particles, is graded section by section, the working pressure of a single dust removal area is reduced, and the removal effect of the particles is improved;
3. the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration zone is arranged at the uppermost end of the whole device, on one hand, large-particle-size particles are pre-separated and removed through centrifugal separation, and on the other hand, agglomeration of small-particle-size particles is promoted through sound field action, so that the condensation and dust removal workload of a subsequent zone is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the inclination angle of the inner wall surface of the aerosol turbulence gathering ring is set to be at least 60 degrees and is far larger than the repose angle of common fly ash, so that the ash accumulation of the gathering ring is avoided;
4. the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone is arranged at the uppermost end of the action of the water film polar plate, on one hand, the coagulation and growth of fine particles are promoted by a sound wave agglomeration mechanism, a phase change coagulation and growth mechanism, a chemical agglomeration and flocculation mechanism and a water vapor nucleation and coagulation and growth mechanism, and on the other hand, the earlier removal effect of the particles is improved to the greatest extent, and on the other hand, the water vapor particles generated by the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone can be removed to the greatest extent by the subsequent coagulation and removal action, so that the larger influence on the subsequent treatment of the flue gas is avoided;
5. the mutually-intersected action fields of the vertical through sound field and the radial distribution electric field are constructed in the 'acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area', so that the action area and the collision probability of collision agglomeration of the particles are increased, the collision agglomeration of the particles is further promoted, and the removal effect of the particles is enhanced;
6. in the 'inertial sedimentation dust collection area', the inertial separation and the water curtain flushing function are combined to further separate and remove particles in aerosol;
7. the water film electrode ash removal method is adopted, so that the ash removal of the plate electrode is facilitated, meanwhile, the water film electrode is vertically arranged, the ash accumulation on the surface of the plate electrode is avoided under the combined action of hydraulic flushing and flow field force, the stability of an electric field is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection effect is improved;
8. the multi-field collaborative fine particulate matter removing device effectively combines external field coagulation with electrostatic dust collection, adopts section-by-section grading coagulation and removal, enables fine particulate matters to be agglomerated and grown into particulate matters with larger particle size under the action of multiple action forces such as electric field force, sound field force, thermophoresis force, liquid bridge force, bridge fixing force and the like, finally realizes efficient removal through an electrostatic dust removing technology, has wide application range of the particulate matters, high fine particulate matter removing efficiency and longer stable operation time of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises an aerosol particle inlet channel 1, an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration region 2, a multi-field cooperative agglomeration region 3, an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection region 4, an inertial sedimentation dust collection region 5, an aerosol outlet channel 6, a sound wave generator 7, a water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline 8, a nozzle 9, an aerosol turbulence and sound effect ring 10, a baffle 11, a water film electrode external water source access pipeline 12, a water tank 13, a plate electrode 14, a high-voltage negative direct current wire 15, a barbed wire electrode 16, an ash bucket 17, an ash bucket slurry outlet 18 and a dust removal box 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment is a device for removing fine particles by multi-field cooperation, which comprises a dust removing box 19, an acoustic wave generator 7, a water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline 8, an aerosol turbulent flow gathering ring 10, a water tank 13, a plate electrode 14 and a barbed wire electrode 16 which are vertically arranged.
In this embodiment, the dust removing box 19 is of a cylindrical structure, the upper part of the dust removing box is provided with an aerosol particle inlet channel 1, the lower part of the dust removing box is provided with an aerosol outlet channel 6, the aerosol particle inlet channel 1 and the aerosol outlet channel 6 are both arranged along the horizontal direction, the bottom of the dust removing box 19 is connected with an ash bucket 17, the bottom of the ash bucket 17 is provided with an ash bucket slurry outlet 18, and the inner wall surface of the ash bucket 17 is coated with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sound absorbing material.
In the embodiment, the internal space of the dust removing box body 19 is divided into an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area 2, a multi-field cooperative agglomeration area 3, an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area 4 and an inertial sedimentation dust collection area 5 from top to bottom, an aerosol particle inlet channel 1 is communicated and connected with the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area 2, and an aerosol outlet channel 6 is communicated and connected with the inertial sedimentation dust collection area 5.
In this embodiment, the sound wave generator 7 is mounted on the top of the dust removing box 19, for forming a vertically penetrating sound field inside the dust removing box 19. The aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10 is attached to the inner wall of the dust removal box 19 and is positioned in the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration area 2, and the aerosol particulate matter inlet channel 1 is tangentially arranged at the top of the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration area 2, and forms a tangential air inlet cyclone-like cutter structure together with the cylindrical dust removal box 19 and the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10. The inner wall surface of the aerosol turbulent flow gathering ring 10 is an annular inclined surface, and the inclined angle of the annular inclined surface is 60 degrees.
In this embodiment, the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline 8 passes through the wall of the dust removal box 19 from the outside, enters the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration area 2, and is located above the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10, the end of the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline 8 is connected with the nozzle 9, the nozzle 9 adopts a pressure rotary nozzle, and the outlet direction of the nozzle is opposite to the aerosol incoming flow direction. An outlet runner is formed at the lower part of the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration zone 2, and a nozzle 9 is vertically and downwardly arranged at the center of the outlet runner and is used for spraying water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone 3.
In this embodiment, the plate electrode 14 is in a thin-walled cylinder shape with openings at the upper and lower sides, is sleeved in the dust removal box 19 at a certain distance from the inner wall of the dust removal box 19, and penetrates the multi-field cooperative agglomeration region 3, the acousto-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection region 4 and the inertial sedimentation dust collection region 5.
In this embodiment, the water tank 13 is located at the upper part of the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area 3, is annularly arranged in the area between the inner wall of the dust removal box 19 and the outer wall of the plate electrode 14, and is located below the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10, a circle of baffle 11 is connected below the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10, a certain gap is formed between the outer wall of the baffle 11 and the inner wall of the plate electrode 14, the top surface of the water tank 13 is slightly higher than the top surface of the plate electrode 14, an overflow port is formed in the top surface of the water tank 13, and water flowing out from the overflow port flows downwards along the gap between the outer wall of the baffle 11 and the inner wall of the plate electrode 14 under the action of the bottom surface of the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring 10 and the baffle 11, so that the plate electrode 14 forms a water film electrode. The water tank 13 is supplied with water by a water film electrode external water source access pipeline 12, and the water film electrode external water source access pipeline 12 passes through the wall of the dust removal box 19 from the outside so as to be connected with the water tank 13.
In the embodiment, a barbed wire electrode 16 is arranged at the center of the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area 4 along the vertical direction, and the barbed wire electrode 16 is connected with a high-voltage negative direct current wire 15; one end of the high-voltage negative direct current wire 15 passes through the dust removing box 19 so as to be connected with an external power supply, and the barbed wire electrode 16 is used for electrifying to generate a radially distributed electric field.
In the embodiment, the plate electrode 14 and the barbed wire electrode 16 are made of stainless steel materials; the barbs on the barbed wire electrode 16 are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and a radially distributed electric field is formed inside the cylindrical dust removing box 19.
In this embodiment, the method for removing fine particulate matters by using the device for removing fine particulate matters cooperatively by multiple fields comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting the sound wave generator 7 to enable the interior of the dust removing box 19 to form a vertically penetrating sound field; starting a nozzle 9, and spraying water vapor and a chemical agglomerating agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomerating zone 3; water is supplied into the water tank 13 through the water film electrode external water source access pipeline 12, so that the plate electrode 14 forms a water film electrode; the barbed wire electrode 16 is energized to generate a radially distributed electric field;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration region 2 through an aerosol particle inlet channel 1, and then under the centrifugal separation effect, large-particle-size particles are separated and reach a plate electrode 14 downwards along the wall of a dust removal box 19 and then are captured and flushed by a water film to enter an ash bucket 17; the aerosol particles form local upward airflow vortex due to the cyclone-like cutter effect generated by the aerosol turbulence gathering ring 10; the sound field effect generated by the sound wave generator 7 is in homodromous agglomeration, the sound induced turbulence and the sound tail flow effect promote the collision agglomeration effect of particles in the local rising airflow vortex, and aerosol particles enter the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone 3 downwards under the blocking of the top of the dust removal box 19;
and a third step of: external field coagulation: under the action of sound waves, water vapor and chemical agglomerating agents, fine particles in the multi-field synergistic agglomerating area 3 are agglomerated into large-particle-size particles through an acoustic wave agglomerating mechanism, a phase-change agglomerating and growing mechanism, a chemical agglomerating and flocculating mechanism and a water vapor nuclear agglomerating and growing mechanism respectively, and the specific process is as follows: the saturated vapor and the chemical agglomerating agent are respectively injected into a nozzle 9 through a vapor and chemical agglomerating agent inlet pipeline 8 and then are sprayed along the air flow direction, wherein the vapor takes fine particles as condensation nuclei to undergo nucleation condensation and phase change condensation, so that the particle size and the mass of the particles are increased, the effects of diffusion electrophoresis and thermophoresis are generated, the migration and the collision of the particles are promoted, and the fine particles are condensed and grow; atomizing the chemical agglomerating agent into small liquid drops under the interaction of surface tension, viscous force and air resistance after being sprayed out, and promoting aerosol particles to coagulate and grow up under the physical action of flocculation theory; the sound field which is vertically communicated further promotes the pairwise agglomeration of the particulate matters and the water vapor drops through sound field effect homodromous agglomeration, sound induced turbulence and sound wave wake effect;
fourth step: the aerosol particles after the external field condensation enter an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area 4, negative direct current high voltage is applied to a barbed wire electrode 16, intense tip corona discharge is formed on a barbed tip, a radially distributed electric field is formed in an area between the barbed tip and a plate electrode 14, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona area at the same time, the particles in the corona area are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion and coulomb effect; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the sound field which is vertically communicated promotes collision and condensation among the particulate matters through sound field effect homodromous agglomeration, sound induced turbulence and sound tail flow effect; the vertically communicated sound field and the radially distributed electric field are mutually intersected, the electric field migration effect and the sound wave homodromous agglomeration effect are mutually coupled, the impact area and the impact probability of the collision agglomeration of the particles are further increased, and the collision agglomeration of the particles is promoted; the condensed particles and water vapor particles move to the plate electrode 14 under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles and water vapor particles with large particle diameters are collected on the water film electrode, ash removal is carried out through a water film electrode ash removal method, and the particles with large particle diameters are flushed into the ash bucket 17, wherein the water film electrode ash removal method comprises the following steps: clean water source enters the water tank 13 through the water film electrode external water source access pipeline 12, an overflow port is formed in the top surface of the water tank 13, water flow can be well prevented from interfering with the formation of the water film by the water inlet, when the water level in the water tank 13 exceeds the height of the overflow port, water flow can overflow into the gap between the baffle 11 and the plate electrode 14, under the action of the baffle 11, water flow is uniformly distributed on the surface of the plate electrode 14 from top to bottom to form a layer of water film, when aerosol particles and water vapor particles are trapped by the plate electrode 14, mixed slurry directly enters the ash bucket 17 under the combined action of water film scouring and flow field force and is discharged outwards through the ash bucket slurry outlet 18, so that ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the plate electrode 14, the stability of an electric field is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved;
fifth step: the rest aerosol particles enter the inertial sedimentation dust collection area 5, the aerosol outlet channel 6 is arranged perpendicular to the airflow direction, the particles enter the ash bucket 17 under the inertia effect and are captured by the ash bucket slurry, the aerosol airflow after dust removal is turned by 90 degrees and enters the aerosol outlet channel 6 to be discharged, and the water film scouring action of the plate electrode 14 forms a water curtain at the aerosol outlet channel 6, so that the particles in the aerosol airflow are further removed through water drop scouring, and the aerosol particle removal process is completed.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The device for cooperatively removing fine particles in multiple fields comprises a dust removal box body (19) which is vertically arranged, wherein an aerosol particle inlet channel (1) is arranged at the upper part of the dust removal box body (19), an aerosol outlet channel (6) is arranged at the lower part of the dust removal box body (19), the aerosol particle inlet channel (1) and the aerosol outlet channel (6) are both arranged along the horizontal direction, and an ash bucket (17) is connected at the bottom of the dust removal box body (19); the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises an acoustic wave generator (7), a water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline (8), an aerosol turbulence aggregation ring (10), a water tank (13), a plate electrode (14) and a barbed wire electrode (16); the inner space of the dust removing box body (19) is divided into an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area (2), a multi-field cooperative agglomeration area (3), an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area (4) and an inertial sedimentation dust collection area (5) from top to bottom, the aerosol particulate matter inlet channel (1) is communicated and connected with the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration area (2), and the aerosol outlet channel (6) is communicated and connected with the inertial sedimentation dust collection area (5); the sound wave generator (7) is arranged at the top of the dust removing box body (19) and is used for enabling the inside of the dust removing box body (19) to form a vertically-through sound field; the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring (10) is attached to the inner wall of the dust removal box body (19) and is positioned in the aerosol turbulence and sound wave aggregation area (2); the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline (8) passes through the wall of the dust removal box body (19) from the outside, enters the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration zone (2) and is positioned above the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring (10), the tail end of the water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent access pipeline (8) is connected with a nozzle (9), the lower part of the aerosol turbulence and acoustic agglomeration zone (2) forms an outlet flow channel, and the nozzle (9) is vertically downwards arranged at the center of the outlet flow channel and is used for spraying water vapor and chemical agglomeration agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone (3); the plate electrode (14) is in a thin-wall cylinder shape with openings at the upper and lower parts, is sleeved in the dust removing box body (19) at a certain distance from the inner wall of the dust removing box body (19), and penetrates through the multi-field cooperative agglomeration region (3), the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collecting region (4) and the inertial sedimentation dust collecting region (5); the water tank (13) is positioned at the upper part of the multi-field cooperative aggregation area (3) and is used for providing water flow for the plate electrode (14) so as to form a water film on the inner wall surface of the plate electrode (14); the barbed wire electrode (16) is arranged at the center of the acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area (4) along the vertical direction and is used for generating a radially distributed electric field; the dust removing box body (19) is of a cylindrical structure; the aerosol particulate matter inlet channel (1) is tangentially arranged at the top of the aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration zone (2), and forms a tangential air inlet cyclone-like cutter structure together with the cylindrical dust removal box body (19) and the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring (10); the inner wall surface of the aerosol turbulence gathering ring (10) is an annular inclined surface, and the inclined angle of the annular inclined surface is at least 60 degrees; the bottom of the ash bucket (17) is provided with an ash bucket slurry outlet (18); the nozzle (9) adopts a pressure rotary nozzle, and the outlet direction of the nozzle (9) faces away from the incoming aerosol flow direction.
2. The apparatus for multi-field co-removal of fine particulate matter of claim 1, wherein: the water tank (13) is supplied with water by a water film electrode external water source access pipeline (12), and the water film electrode external water source access pipeline (12) passes through the wall of the dust removal box body (19) from the outside so as to be connected with the water tank (13).
3. The multi-field co-particulate removal apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the utility model discloses a dust removal device, including board electrode (14) and water tank (13), basin (13) are the ring and establish in the region between dust removal box (19) inner wall and board electrode (14) outer wall to be located aerosol turbulence and gather effect ring (10) below, connect round baffle (11) below aerosol turbulence gathers effect ring (10), have certain clearance between baffle (11) outer wall and board electrode (14) inner wall, the top surface of basin (13) is slightly higher than board electrode (14) top surface, has seted up the overflow mouth on the top surface of basin (13), and the water that flows from the overflow mouth flows downwards along under the effect of aerosol turbulence gathers effect ring (10) bottom surface and baffle (11) clearance between baffle (11) outer wall and board electrode (14) inner wall, makes board electrode (14) form the water film electrode.
4. The apparatus for multi-field co-removal of fine particulate matter of claim 1, wherein: the barbed wire electrode (16) is connected with a high-voltage negative direct current wire (15); one end of the high-voltage negative direct current wire (15) penetrates out of the dust removing box body (19) so as to be connected with an external power supply.
5. The apparatus for multi-field co-removal of fine particulate matter according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the plate electrode (14) and the barbed wire electrode (16) are made of stainless steel materials; the barbed wires on the barbed wire electrode (16) are radially distributed on the electrode at equal intervals, and a radially distributed electric field is formed inside the cylindrical dust removing box body (19).
6. The apparatus for multi-field co-removal of fine particulate matter of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall surface of the ash bucket (17) is coated with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sound-absorbing materials.
7. A method for removing fine particulate matter by using the multi-field cooperative fine particulate matter removing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator (7) to enable the interior of the dust removing box body (19) to form a vertically penetrating sound field; starting a nozzle (9) to spray water vapor and a chemical agglomeration agent to the multi-field cooperative agglomeration zone (3); water is supplied into the water tank (13) through a water film electrode external water source access pipeline (12), so that the plate electrode (14) forms a water film electrode; energizing the barbed wire electrode (16) to produce a radially distributed electric field;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter an aerosol turbulence and sound wave agglomeration region (2) through an aerosol particle inlet channel (1), and then under the centrifugal separation effect, large-particle-size particles are separated and reach a plate electrode (14) downwards along the wall of a dust removal box body (19) and then are captured and flushed by a water film to enter an ash bucket (17); the aerosol particles form local ascending airflow vortex due to the cyclone-like cutter effect generated by the aerosol turbulence aggregation ring (10); the sound field effect generated by the sound wave generator (7) promotes the collision agglomeration effect of particles in the local rising airflow vortex, and aerosol particles downwards enter the multi-field cooperative agglomeration area (3) under the blocking of the top of the dust removal box body (19);
and a third step of: external field coagulation: under the action of sound waves, water vapor and chemical agglomerating agents, fine particles in the multi-field synergistic agglomerating area (3) are agglomerated into large-particle-size particles through an acoustic wave agglomerating mechanism, a phase change agglomerating and growing mechanism, a chemical agglomerating and flocculating mechanism and a water vapor nucleation agglomerating and growing mechanism respectively, and the specific process is as follows: the saturated vapor and the chemical agglomerating agent are respectively injected into a nozzle (9) through a vapor and chemical agglomerating agent access pipeline (8) and then are sprayed along the direction of air flow, wherein the vapor takes fine particles as condensation nuclei to undergo nuclear coagulation and phase-change coagulation, so that the particle size and the mass of the particles are increased, the effects of diffusion electrophoresis and thermophoresis are generated, and the migration and the collision of the particles are promoted, so that the fine particles are coagulated and grown; atomizing the chemical agglomerating agent into small liquid drops under the interaction of surface tension, viscous force and air resistance after being sprayed out, and promoting aerosol particles to coagulate and grow up under the physical action of flocculation theory; the sound field which is vertically communicated further promotes the agglomeration of particles and water vapor drops by two through the sound field effect;
fourth step: the aerosol particles after the external field condensation enter an acoustic-electric coupling agglomeration dust collection area (4), negative direct current high voltage is applied to a barbed wire electrode (16), intense tip corona discharge is formed on a barbed tip, a radially distributed electric field is formed in an area between the barbed tip and a plate electrode (14), a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona area at the same time, and the particles in the corona area are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and the charged particles are mutually collided and condensed through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the sound field vertically communicated promotes collision and condensation among the particulate matters through the sound field effect; the vertically communicated sound field and the radially distributed electric field are mutually intersected, the electric field migration effect and the sound wave homodromous agglomeration effect are mutually coupled, the impact area and the impact probability of the collision agglomeration of the particles are further increased, and the collision agglomeration of the particles is promoted; the condensed particles and water vapor particles move towards the plate electrode (14) under the action of electric field migration, most of the particles and water vapor particles with large particle diameters are collected on the water film electrode, ash removal is carried out through a water film electrode ash removal method, and the particles with large particle diameters are flushed into the ash bucket (17), wherein the water film electrode ash removal method comprises the following steps: clean water source enters the water tank (13) through the water film electrode external water source access pipeline (12), the top surface of the water tank (13) is provided with an overflow port, water inflow at the water inlet can be well prevented from interfering with the formation of the water film, when the water level in the water tank (13) exceeds the height of the overflow port, water flows can overflow into the gap between the baffle plate (11) and the plate electrode (14), under the action of the baffle plate (11), water flows are uniformly distributed on the surface of the plate electrode (14) from top to bottom to form a layer of water film, when aerosol particles and water vapor particles are trapped by the plate electrode (14), mixed slurry directly enters the ash bucket (17) under the combined action of water film flushing and flow field force and is discharged outwards through the ash bucket slurry outlet (18), so that dust accumulation is not formed on the surface of the plate electrode (14), the stability of an electric field is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
Fifth step: the rest aerosol particles enter an inertial sedimentation dust collection area (5), the aerosol outlet channel (6) is arranged perpendicular to the airflow direction, the particles enter an ash bucket (17) under the action of inertia and are captured by ash bucket slurry, the aerosol airflow after dust removal is turned to 90 degrees and enters the aerosol outlet channel (6) to be discharged, and a water curtain is formed at the aerosol outlet channel (6) due to the water film scouring action of the plate electrode (14), so that the particles in the aerosol airflow are further removed through water drop scouring, and the aerosol particle removal process is completed.
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| CN110624340A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-31 | 东南大学 | Dust removal pretreatment device and method based on water vapor charge phase change |
| CN111852615A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-30 | 扬州大学 | Small-sized diesel engine carbon particle removing device in extremely cold environment and working method thereof |
| CN113731097A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 河北师范大学 | Device for regulating and controlling water vapor environment and promoting fine particles to grow up based on influence of carrier gas components |
| CN113943015B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-02-02 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method and equipment of titanium dioxide by using chlorination process |
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