CN110624340A - Dust removal pretreatment device and method based on water vapor charge phase change - Google Patents
Dust removal pretreatment device and method based on water vapor charge phase change Download PDFInfo
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- CN110624340A CN110624340A CN201910879952.8A CN201910879952A CN110624340A CN 110624340 A CN110624340 A CN 110624340A CN 201910879952 A CN201910879952 A CN 201910879952A CN 110624340 A CN110624340 A CN 110624340A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change, which comprises a dust removal pretreatment tower, wherein the bottom of the dust removal pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow inlet, the top of the dust removal pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow outlet, and the central line of the airflow inlet and the central line of the airflow outlet are superposed with the central line of the dust removal pretreatment tower; the interior of the dedusting pretreatment tower between the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet is divided into an out-of-phase water vapor condensation chamber and a particle coalescence area from bottom to top, and the out-of-phase water vapor condensation chamber is divided into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber through an intermediate insulating baffle; the left side and the right side of the outer part of the dedusting pretreatment tower are provided with a steam charging system, the steam charging system comprises a high-voltage power supply, a steam generating device, a steam charging cavity and a steam nozzle, the high-voltage power supply and the steam generating device are respectively connected with the steam charging cavity, and the steam charging cavity is connected with the positive and negative electricity steam condensation chamber through the steam nozzle. The invention promotes the fine particles in the gas to grow to the effective particle diameter removal of the traditional dust removing equipment by utilizing the charged phase change of water vapor, thereby effectively improving the pre-dust removing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dust removal pretreatment device and method, in particular to a dust removal pretreatment device and method based on water vapor charge phase change.
Background
The source of Chinese energy is mainly coal, and a large amount of pollutants are discharged to the atmosphere while the heat energy of the coal is fully utilized. Despite the addition of an exhaust gas treatment device after the combustion device, the fine particulate matter (referred to as PM2.5, i.e. particulate matter having an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is still difficult to completely remove. The emission of a large amount of fine particles not only causes the air quality to be increasingly deteriorated, but also brings various heart and lung diseases to human beings, and seriously harms the living environment of the human beings. Therefore, the effective removal of PM2.5 in the coal-fired tail gas is an important technical problem to be solved in the current atmospheric environmental governance.
According to statistics, the existing dust removal equipment can remove more than 99% of particulate matters in coal-fired tail gas, but the removal efficiency of PM2.5 is only about 25%. For improving the removal efficiency of PM2.5, a dust removal pretreatment system is mainly installed in front of the existing dust removal device at present. The dust removal preprocessing device that often at present mainly includes: electric coalescence, magnetic field coalescence, acoustic coalescence, chemical agglomeration, vapor phase change growth and the like. Among them, the phase change of water vapor promotes the growth of fine particles, which is considered as one of the most promising dust removal pretreatment technologies. The principle that the phase change of water vapor promotes the growth of fine particles is that the fine particles are used as centers of nucleation and condensation under the condition of supersaturation of the water vapor, and the water vapor forms crystal embryos on the surfaces of the fine particles and further grows into dust-containing liquid drops. Studies have shown that the phase change of water vapor can promote the growth of most fine particles, but nearly 30% of the fine particles are difficult to grow in the pretreatment apparatus to the size that can be removed by the subsequent apparatus. This is closely related to the nature of the particles, the degree of supersaturation of water vapour, the residence time of the particles, etc. How in limited residence time, realize that more particulate matters grow up, realize that the particulate matter grows bigger, the problem that needs to solve urgently, it is obviously difficult to realize the desorption of all fine particles simply through the condensation of steam nucleation.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a dedusting pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change, which utilizes the water vapor charge phase change to promote the growth of fine particles in gas to reach the effective particle size removal of traditional dedusting equipment, and effectively improves the dedusting efficiency. The invention also aims to provide a dedusting pretreatment method based on the device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a dedusting pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change, which comprises a dedusting pretreatment tower which is vertically arranged, wherein the bottom of the dedusting pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow inlet, the top of the dedusting pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow outlet, and the central line of the airflow inlet and the central line of the airflow outlet are superposed with the central line of the dedusting pretreatment tower; the interior of the dedusting pretreatment tower between the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet is divided into an out-of-phase water vapor condensation chamber and a particle coalescence area from bottom to top, and the out-of-phase water vapor condensation chamber is divided into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber through an intermediate insulating baffle; the device comprises a dedusting pretreatment tower, a steam charging system, a steam generating device, a steam charging cavity and a steam nozzle, wherein the left side and the right side of the outer part of the dedusting pretreatment tower are respectively provided with the steam charging system, the steam charging system comprises a high-voltage power supply, the steam generating device, the steam charging cavity and the steam nozzle, the high-voltage power supply and the steam generating device are respectively connected with the steam charging cavity, and the steam charging cavity is respectively connected with a positive and negative electricity steam condensation chamber through the steam nozzle.
Preferably, a discharge electrode and a grounding electrode are arranged in the cavity of the water vapor charging cavity, the discharge electrode is a burred electrode and is insulated from the water vapor charging cavity, and the grounding electrode is insulated from the water vapor charging cavity and the steam nozzle; the discharge electrode is connected with a high-voltage power supply through a wire, and the grounding electrode is grounded through a wire or connected to the outside of the dedusting pretreatment tower.
Preferably, the bur electrode must be sufficiently charged to ensure a stable charging effect, so that the voltage supplied by the high voltage power supply is controlled above the corona onset voltage.
Preferably, the midline of the steam nozzle is perpendicular to the centerline of the dedusting and pretreating tower, and the steam nozzle has a streamline structure.
Preferably, the steam generating device is connected with the steam charging cavity through a steam input pipe.
Preferably, a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the water vapor is further arranged on the water vapor input pipe.
Preferably, an insulating baffle is arranged between the positive and negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber and the inner wall of the dedusting pretreatment tower.
Preferably, the bottom of the dedusting pretreatment tower is also provided with a liquid discharge port.
The invention discloses a pretreatment method of a dedusting pretreatment device based on the water vapor charge phase change, which comprises the following steps:
(S1) constructing the dedusting pretreatment device based on the water vapor charge phase change;
(S2) inputting the dust-containing gas into a dust removal pretreatment tower from an airflow inlet, simultaneously starting water vapor charging systems on two sides to respectively provide positive high voltage electricity and negative high voltage electricity to charge water vapor, inputting the water vapor with positive electricity and negative electricity into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber through steam nozzles, enabling the water vapor with different charges to collide with fine particles in the dust-containing gas, and enabling the fine particles to grow into dust-containing liquid drops with different charges;
(S3) the dust-containing liquid drops with different charges enter the particle coalescence area along with the gas, and the dust-containing liquid drops are further coalesced under the action of coulomb attraction force between different charges to form larger dust-containing liquid drops.
In order to ensure proper supersaturation degree in the heterogeneous steam condensation chamber, the steam is hot saturated steam, and the temperature of the steam is 343-373K; the gas flow ratio of the water vapor to the dust-containing gas is 0.1-0.3; the temperature of the dust-containing gas is 283K, and the cold dust-containing gas and the charged hot saturated water vapor are mixed in the phase change chamber to construct a proper supersaturated field.
The invention adopts a high-voltage power supply to charge water vapor, and respectively generates water vapor with positive electricity and negative electricity, namely free ions and charged fine fog drops; free ions in the water vapor and charged nano fine mist drops collide and combine with non-charged fine particles under the action of electrostatic force, a nucleation and condensation process is rapidly completed, the fine particles grow up to form dust-containing liquid drops, and the dust-containing liquid drops carry charges same as the free ions; two kinds of dust-containing liquid drops with different charges can form larger particles in the coalescence area due to the coulomb attraction effect, thereby being beneficial to further removal.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the invention realizes the electrification of particles and the nucleation and condensation of water vapor on the surfaces of the particles by utilizing the electrification of water vapor, promotes the growth of fine particles in gas to reach the effective particle size removal of traditional dust removal equipment through heterophase polymerization, and effectively improves the pre-dust removal efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dust removal pretreatment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water vapor charging system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water vapor charge chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the dust-removing pretreatment device of the present invention is cylindrical, and comprises a dust-removing pretreatment tower which is vertically arranged, wherein the bottom of the dust-removing pretreatment tower is provided with an air inlet 5, the air inlet 5 is connected with a vertically arranged air inlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe extends into the interior of the dust-removing pretreatment tower, and the length of the air inlet pipe is higher than the height of the bottom of the tower; the top of the dust removal pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow outlet 1, and the central lines of the airflow outlet 1 and the airflow inlet 5 of the pre-dust removal pretreatment tower are superposed. In the dedusting pretreatment tower, the area between the airflow inlet 5 and the airflow outlet 1 is divided into an out-of-phase water vapor condensation chamber 3 and a particle coalescence area 2 from bottom to top. The heterogeneous condensation chamber 3 is divided into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber which are symmetrical left and right relative to the central axis of the pre-dedusting pretreatment tower through an intermediate insulating baffle 14, and the insulating baffle 14 is arranged between the positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and the inner wall of the pre-dedusting pretreatment tower. The left side and the right side outside the dedusting pretreatment tower are respectively provided with a water vapor charging system 4, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the water vapor charging system 4 comprises a high-voltage power supply 7, a steam generating device 8, a water vapor charging cavity and a steam nozzle 13; as shown in fig. 3, a discharge electrode 11 and a ground electrode 12 are arranged in the cavity of the water vapor charging cavity, the discharge electrode 11 is a burred electrode and is insulated from the cavity of the water vapor charging cavity, the ground electrode 12 is insulated from the cavity of the water vapor charging cavity and the steam nozzle 13, and the outer wall of the water vapor charging cavity is made of an insulating material; steam generated by the steam generating device 8 flows into the steam charging cavity through the steam input pipe 10 and the flow meter 9, the high-voltage power supply 7 provides required high-voltage electricity for the charged steam, the high-voltage power supply can provide positive high-voltage electricity and negative high-voltage electricity, the high-voltage power supply 7 is connected with the discharge electrode 11 through a lead, the grounding electrode 12 is grounded through a lead, in order to ensure that a stable charging effect is generated, the burred electrode must obtain enough voltage, and therefore the voltage provided by the high-voltage power supply 7 is controlled to be above the corona-starting voltage. The steam nozzle 13 is communicated with the steam charge cavity and the positive and negative electric steam condensation chamber, and the central line of the steam nozzle 13 is vertical to the central line of the dedusting pretreatment tower and has a streamline structure. In addition, a liquid discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the dedusting pretreatment tower.
It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the high voltage power supply 7 may be a dc power supply or an ac power supply, and the generated steam may be charged by other means.
The invention also discloses a dust removal pretreatment method based on the device, which comprises the following specific steps:
inputting 283K dust-containing gas into a dedusting pretreatment tower from an airflow inlet 5, simultaneously starting a steam generation device 8 and a high-voltage power supply 7 of a steam charging system 4 at the left side and the right side, enabling the steam generated by the steam generation device 8 to enter a steam charging cavity through a steam input pipe 10 and a flow meter 9, respectively providing positive high-voltage electricity and negative high-voltage electricity by the high-voltage power supply 7 at the left side and the right side, completing the charging of the steam in the steam charging cavity, and respectively obtaining the steam (free ions and charged fine fog drops) with positive electricity and negative electricity;
water vapor with positive electricity and negative electricity (free ions and charged fine mist droplets) is respectively sprayed into positive and negative electricity water vapor condensation chambers positioned on the left and right sides through a vapor nozzle 13, the charged water vapor collides with fine particles in gas in the heterogeneous water vapor condensation chamber 3, the water vapor nucleates and condenses on the surfaces of the fine particles under the condition of supersaturation, the particles grow up gradually, the free ions and the charged fine mist droplets rapidly collide and combine on the surfaces of the particles under the action of an electric image force to form a crown-shaped liquid crystal blank, meanwhile, the heterogeneous water vapor condensation chamber 3 is always in a supersaturation state due to the continuous entering of the water vapor, so that the water vapor condensation is gradually generated on the surfaces of the particles, the particles grow up gradually to form charged dust-containing droplets, the dust-containing droplets in the positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber are positively charged, and the dust-containing droplets in the negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber are negatively charged; obviously, the existence of electric charge and the continuous addition of water vapor in the process strengthen the nucleation and condensation process of the particles, improve the condensation effect of the particles and promote the growth of the particles;
the dust-containing liquid drops with different charges enter the particle coalescence area 2 along with the gas, and the dust-containing liquid drops are further coalesced under the action of coulomb attraction between different charges to form larger dust-containing liquid drops, so that the growth size of fine particles is improved, and the fine particles can easily reach the effective particle removal size of the traditional dust removal equipment.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure a proper supersaturation degree in the heterogeneous water vapor condensation chamber 3, besides controlling the temperature of the dust-containing gas to be 283K and the temperature of the water vapor to be 343-373K, the flow ratio of the water vapor to the dust-containing gas is also controlled to be 0.1-0.3, the flow rate of the water vapor is controlled by the vapor generation device 8 and is measured by the flow meter 9, the flow rate of the dust-containing gas is controlled by the air inlet speed, and the flow meter is arranged on the air inlet pipeline for flow rate monitoring.
Claims (10)
1. A dedusting pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change comprises a dedusting pretreatment tower, wherein the bottom of the dedusting pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow inlet (5), the top of the dedusting pretreatment tower is provided with an airflow outlet (1), and the central line of the airflow inlet and the central line of the airflow outlet are superposed with the central line of the dedusting pretreatment tower; the device is characterized in that the interior of the dedusting pretreatment tower between the airflow inlet (5) and the airflow outlet (1) is divided into an out-phase water vapor condensation chamber (3) and a particle coalescence area (2) from bottom to top, and the out-phase water vapor condensation chamber (3) is divided into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber through an intermediate insulating baffle (14); the utility model discloses a dust removal pretreatment tower, including dust removal pretreatment tower, the outside left and right sides of dust removal pretreatment tower is equipped with steam charged system (4) respectively, steam charged system (4) include high voltage power supply (7), steam generation device (8), steam charged cavity and steam nozzle (13), high voltage power supply (7) and steam generation device (8) are connected with steam charged cavity respectively, steam charged cavity is connected with positive negative electricity steam condensation chamber through steam nozzle (13) respectively.
2. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized in that a discharge electrode (11) and a grounding electrode (12) are arranged in a cavity of the water vapor charge cavity, the discharge electrode (11) is a burred electrode and is insulated from the water vapor charge cavity, and the grounding electrode (12) is insulated from the water vapor charge cavity and a steam nozzle (13); the discharging electrode (11) is connected with a high-voltage power supply (7) through a wire, and the grounding electrode (12) is grounded through a wire or connected to the outside of the dedusting pretreatment tower.
3. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized in that the voltage provided by the high-voltage power supply (7) is controlled to be above the corona starting voltage.
4. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charged phase change is characterized in that the midline of the steam nozzle (13) is perpendicular to the center line of the dust removal pretreatment tower, and the steam nozzle (13) has a streamline structure.
5. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charged phase change is characterized in that the steam generation device (8) is connected with a water vapor charged cavity through a water vapor input pipe (10).
6. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized in that a flow meter (9) is further arranged on the water vapor input pipe (10).
7. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized in that an insulating baffle (14) is arranged between the positive and negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber and the inner wall of the dust removal pretreatment tower.
8. The dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized in that a liquid discharge port (6) is further formed in the bottom of the dust removal pretreatment tower.
9. A dedusting pretreatment method based on water vapor charge phase change is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) constructing the dust removal pretreatment device based on water vapor charge phase change according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
(S2) inputting the dust-containing gas into a dust removal pretreatment tower from an airflow inlet (5), simultaneously opening water vapor charging systems (4) on two sides, respectively providing positive and negative high-voltage electricity to charge water vapor, respectively inputting the water vapor with positive electricity and negative electricity into a positive electricity water vapor condensation chamber and a negative electricity water vapor condensation chamber through steam nozzles (13), wherein the water vapor with different charges collides with fine particles in the dust-containing gas, and the fine particles grow into dust-containing liquid drops with different charges;
(S3) the dust-containing liquid drops with different charges enter the particle coalescence area (2) along with the gas, and the dust-containing liquid drops are further coalesced under the action of coulomb attraction force between different charges to form larger dust-containing liquid drops.
10. The dust removal pretreatment method based on water vapor charge-phase transition is characterized in that the temperature of the water vapor is 343-373K, and the airflow ratio of the water vapor to the dust-containing gas is 0.1-0.3.
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