CN110176663B - Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110176663B CN110176663B CN201910539952.3A CN201910539952A CN110176663B CN 110176663 B CN110176663 B CN 110176663B CN 201910539952 A CN201910539952 A CN 201910539952A CN 110176663 B CN110176663 B CN 110176663B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 101710143415 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710181042 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1A, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710091905 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710095244 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710127489 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710184917 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type I, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
A circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a conductive ground plane, a dielectric substrate arranged on the conductive ground plane, a radiation sheet arranged at the top of the dielectric substrate and a plurality of feed probes arranged on the side walls around the dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate comprises a lower high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate and an upper low-dielectric constant dielectric substrate; the radiating sheet is a sheet-shaped circular metal conductor, and a gear-shaped opening with symmetrical structure is processed in the middle of the radiating sheet; the invention adopts a gradual folding side coupling feed mode, the feed probe is gradually bent, the processing is simple, a wider bandwidth is easy to form, the circular polarization performance of the antenna is improved, the phase center is stable, two circular polarizations of right-handed and left-handed can be realized at the same time, and the invention is especially suitable for accurate measurement and guidance system terminal equipment; the designed product has small size, light weight and wide gain bandwidth, and can reach more than 25 percent by adopting two dielectric substrates with different dielectric constants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.
Background
A circularly polarized antenna plays a vital role in a wireless communication system, particularly in satellite communication and aircraft measurement and control equipment, as a component for transmitting or receiving radio waves.
Current satellite navigation positioning devices are increasingly used in fields such as positioning, measurement, time service, high-precision agriculture, intelligent transportation, and the like. In order to obtain the high-precision positioning requirement above decimeter level, the navigation equipment generally adopts an RTK (real-time dynamic differential method) technology, and at the moment, the antenna of the equipment generally has double-frequency characteristics, has wider working bandwidth (gain bandwidth, beam bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth), is more compact in size, and is simple to process and manufacture. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of small shape, low cost, easy conformal, easy processing, easy realization of circular polarization and the like, and is widely applied, and the same is true for the circular polarization antenna.
The main problems of the current circularly polarized antenna are:
1. the common microstrip antenna generally realizes a single-layer medium to realize an operating band, the operating band is relatively narrow, the operating band is only about 5%z, and the microstrip antenna cannot be well applied to an ultra-wideband (spread spectrum) communication system. If the bandwidth is increased, a low dielectric constant medium is often used as the antenna substrate material, and the antenna size is increased.
2. The conventional helical antenna has the advantages of wide frequency band, wide beam, symmetrical directional patterns and good wide-angle circular polarization performance, and has the defect that only one polarization mode can be realized. In the case of requiring dual circular polarization, the application cannot be satisfied.
3. The array antenna (or array deformation) has the advantages of wide frequency band, symmetrical directional diagram and good wide-angle circular polarization performance, and has the defects of insufficient wide beam, complex structure and larger size.
The conventional microstrip antenna generally realizes dual frequencies by adopting a stacked mode, namely, one layer generally realizes one working frequency band, and two layers are stacked to realize dual frequencies. Wherein the upper layer generally achieves higher frequency radiation and the lower layer achieves lower frequency radiation. Wherein the lower radiation patch acts as the floor for the last patch. The structure is complex in feed, meanwhile, the performance of the lower patch is often influenced by the upper patch, so that the performance of the lower patch is reduced, and moreover, the common microstrip antenna is narrow in working bandwidth and cannot well cover a plurality of satellite navigation systems. If the bandwidth is increased, a low dielectric constant medium is often used as the antenna substrate material, and the antenna size is increased.
The circularly polarized antenna has no polarization mismatch phenomenon, so that the balanced receiving power with lower correlation is easier to obtain, and the circularly polarized antenna has great advantages. A pair of left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized waves are cross polarized, and ideally a pair of cross polarized waves are isolated from each other, i.e. the antenna with LHCP is not able to receive the RHCP incoming wave, and vice versa. There is virtually no absolute circular and linear polarization, and the locus of the end point of the instantaneous electric field vector of any polarized wave is an ellipse, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is referred to as the axial ratio AR (Axial Ratio), which is generally expressed in dB. The axial ratio is an important performance index of a circularly polarized antenna, and represents the purity of circular polarization, and the bandwidth with the axial ratio not greater than 3dB is generally defined as the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna. It is an important index for measuring the difference of the signal gains of the antenna to different directions.
The circular polarized wave is characterized in that the vertical component and the horizontal component of the electric field are equal in magnitude and are 90 degrees out of phase. Typically, microstrip antennas are linearly polarized. However, if a special feeding mode is adopted for the microstrip antenna, two degenerate orthogonal modes are excited in the patch, and the equal amplitude and the phase difference are 90 degrees, so that circularly polarized waves can be obtained. Circular polarization can be classified into left-handed and right-handed circular polarization according to the rotation direction of an electric field. The circularly polarized signal changes after reflection, and according to the intensity of the reflected signal, we can approximately deduce whether the signal is reflected and the reflection times, and use the signal as the basis of signal detection, so the circularly polarized signal is widely applied in the measurement and control field.
Circular polarized antennas are generally in the form of helical antennas, crisscrossed elements, microstrip antennas, etc., wherein only one polarization mode can be achieved due to the disadvantage of helical antennas. Microstrip antennas are advantageous in terms of their unique features, such as low profile, light weight, low cost, easy conformality, and easy formation of both left-handed and right-handed polarized signals, which are desirable in special applications. However, the conventional microstrip antenna has a relatively narrow operating bandwidth, typically 3% -5%, and cannot be used in spread spectrum communications. The widening of the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna is a key for improving the practical value, and particularly, the circularly polarized antenna can be applied to ultra-wideband communication, so that the anti-interference performance can be greatly improved, and the circularly polarized antenna is a research focus for realizing the wideband and miniaturization of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with wide working bandwidth, high gain and small size.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with compact structure and simple feeding.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, which comprises: the antenna comprises a conductive ground plane, a dielectric substrate arranged on the conductive ground plane, a radiation sheet arranged at the top of the dielectric substrate and a plurality of feed probes arranged on the side walls around the dielectric substrate;
The dielectric substrate comprises a lower layer high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and an upper layer low dielectric constant dielectric substrate;
The radiating sheet is a sheet-shaped circular metal conductor, and a gear-shaped opening with symmetrical structure is processed in the middle of the radiating sheet.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate formed by the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate and the low-dielectric constant dielectric substrate is a stepped round platform; the feeding probe adopts a gradual folding side coupling feeding mode to feed the radiation sheet, and is a metal sheet or a flexible circuit board which gradually widens or narrows from top to bottom.
Preferably, the feed probe is an orthogonal feed probe.
Preferably, the conductive ground plane is a PCB board, and the bottom of the feed probe is fixed with the conductive ground plane by insulating welding.
Preferably, the feed probe has two or more symmetrical feed probes.
Preferably, a notch is formed in a position on the low-permittivity dielectric substrate corresponding to the feed probe.
Preferably, the upper end of the feed probe extends into the bottom of the notch.
Preferably, the surface of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is provided with a plurality of symmetrical and through mounting holes, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna can be mounted and fixed by adopting a fastener.
Preferably, the feed probe is welded or glued and symmetrically fixed on the outer surface of the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the middle part of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is solid or is provided with a circular through hole.
The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has at least the following advantages:
1. The gradual folding type side coupling feeding mode is adopted, and is different from the traditional laminated coaxial feeding microstrip antenna and the unchanged side coupling feeding mode, the feeding probe adopts a gradual bending metal wire or flexible circuit board, the processing is simple, a wider bandwidth is easy to form, the circular polarization performance of the antenna is improved, the phase center is stable, the ultra-wideband is realized, the right-handed circular polarization and the left-handed circular polarization can be realized at the same time, the application requirements of double circular polarization signal receiving (or transmitting) are met, and the gradual folding type coaxial feeding microstrip antenna is particularly suitable for terminal equipment of a precise measuring and guiding system.
2. The middle part of the antenna can be made into a hollow form, so that the antenna is convenient to use on a special aircraft.
3. The designed product has small size, light weight and wide gain bandwidth, and can reach more than 25 percent by adopting two dielectric substrates with different dielectric constants.
4. Generally, the thicker the antenna, the wider the bandwidth, and the better the performance; the product of the invention is easy to form, and the thicker antenna is easy to manufacture because the product does not relate to the technology of metallization via holes and the like of the common microstrip antenna.
5. The radiating fin of antenna is alone at medium substrate upper strata, and processing is convenient to, through adjusting external diameter, internal diameter, sawtooth length and the width of radiating fin, fine setting is carried out antenna operating frequency, and convenient industrialization processing has better fault-tolerant performance in the processing, has improved the product percent of pass, has reduced manufacturing cost.
6. By adjusting the material dielectric constants and thicknesses of the high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and the low dielectric constant dielectric substrate in the dielectric substrate, different working frequencies, gains and working bandwidths can be obtained, and the industrialized processing is facilitated.
7. The notch is arranged, so that the fixing effect on the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate is enhanced; when the glue is filled and sealed, a channel is provided, so that the glue can flow conveniently.
8. The dielectric substrate is a stepped round table, and after encapsulation, the dielectric substrate is more resistant to impact vibration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feed probe of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an antenna gain bandwidth test chart of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 5 is an antenna axial ratio test chart of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a center frequency spot beam width test of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with 4 feed probes.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with 2 feed probes.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1-conductive ground plane, 2-high dielectric constant dielectric substrate, 3-low dielectric constant dielectric substrate, 4-radiating plate, 5-feed probe, 6-circular through hole, 7-notch, 8-gear-shaped opening, 9-mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by reference to the specification.
It will be understood that terms, such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a conductive ground plane 1, a dielectric substrate arranged on the conductive ground plane, a radiation sheet 4 arranged at the top of the dielectric substrate and a plurality of feed probes 5 arranged on the side walls around the dielectric substrate;
the dielectric substrates comprise a lower layer high dielectric constant dielectric substrate 2 and an upper layer low dielectric constant dielectric substrate 3; different operating frequencies, gains and operating bandwidths can be obtained by adjusting the dielectric constants of different materials and the thicknesses thereof.
The radiation piece 4 is a sheet-shaped circular metal conductor, and a gear-shaped opening 8 with symmetrical structure is processed in the middle of the radiation piece and is used for receiving or transmitting signals. In fig. 2, the outer diameter D1, the inner diameter D2, the sawtooth length L1, and the width W1 of the radiation piece are adjusted and matched, so that the operating frequency of the radiation piece can be finely adjusted within a certain range.
The dielectric substrate formed by the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate and the low-dielectric constant dielectric substrate is a stepped round platform; the feeding probe adopts a gradual folding side coupling feeding mode to feed the radiation sheet, and is a metal sheet or a flexible circuit board which gradually widens or narrows from top to bottom. In fig. 3, JW1 is the upper width of the feed probe, JW2 is the middle width of the feed probe, and JW3 is the lower width of the feed probe, and in this embodiment, the three parameters JW1, JW2, JW3 are sequentially reduced.
The feed probes are orthogonal feed probes.
The conductive ground plane is a PCB board, and the bottom of the feed probe is fixed with the conductive ground plane in an insulating welding way.
The feed probes are symmetrical in number 4.
And a notch 7 is processed on the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate at a position corresponding to the feed probe. The device is mainly used in special occasions, and is convenient for glue flowing when glue filling and sealing is carried out.
The upper end of the feed probe extends into the bottom of the notch. The low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate can be well fixed by the arrangement, and after the stepped round table structure is encapsulated, the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate is more resistant to impact vibration.
4 Symmetrical and through mounting holes 9 are formed in the surface of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna can be mounted and fixed by adopting a fastener.
The feed probes are symmetrically fixed on the outer surface of the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate by welding or gluing.
The circular through hole 6 is arranged in the middle of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is convenient to use on a special aircraft.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, an antenna gain bandwidth test chart of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
Referring to fig. 5, an antenna axial ratio test chart of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
Referring to fig. 6, a center frequency spot beam width test chart of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna in embodiment 1 is shown.
It can be seen that the circularly polarized antenna device in embodiment 1 has the characteristics of large axial ratio bandwidth, wide operating bandwidth, stable phase center, and the like.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 7, 4 orthogonal feed probes are adopted, and every 2 adjacent signals are subjected to phase shift and combined to obtain good left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals for output. (where Hybrid is a coupler that is 90 degrees phase shifted).
The four feed probes have large loss of a feed circuit, but the obtained circularly polarized antenna has good performance, and the antenna is symmetrical, so that the phase center is stable.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 8, 2 orthogonal feed probes can be adopted, and adjacent signals can be combined to obtain good left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals:
the 2 feed probes have small loss of the feed circuit, so that higher gain can be obtained.
2 Or more feed probes can be selected for different application scenarios.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention is suited, and further modifications may be readily made by one skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the particular details and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a conductive ground plane, a dielectric substrate arranged on the conductive ground plane, a radiation sheet arranged at the top of the dielectric substrate and a plurality of feed probes arranged on the side walls around the dielectric substrate;
The dielectric substrate comprises a lower layer high dielectric constant dielectric substrate and an upper layer low dielectric constant dielectric substrate;
the radiating sheet is a sheet-shaped circular metal conductor, and a gear-shaped opening with symmetrical structure is processed in the middle of the radiating sheet;
The dielectric substrate formed by the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate and the low-dielectric constant dielectric substrate is a stepped round platform; the feeding probe adopts a gradual folding side coupling feeding mode to feed the radiation sheet, and is a metal sheet or a flexible circuit board which gradually widens or narrows from top to bottom;
The feed probes are symmetrically arranged at two or more than two;
a notch is processed at a position on the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate corresponding to the feed probe, and the notch is arranged to facilitate glue flow during watering and filling and sealing;
The upper end of the feed probe extends into the bottom of the notch;
The surface of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is provided with a plurality of symmetrical and through mounting holes, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is mounted and fixed by adopting a fastener;
the feed probes are symmetrically fixed on the outer surface of the high-dielectric constant dielectric substrate by welding or gluing.
2. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein said feed probe is an orthogonal feed probe.
3. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein said conductive ground plane is a PCB board, and the bottom of said feed probe is soldered and fixed with the conductive ground plane in an insulating manner.
4. The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna as in claim 3 wherein said circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is solid in the middle or has a circular through hole machined.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910539952.3A CN110176663B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910539952.3A CN110176663B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna |
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| CN110176663A CN110176663A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| CN110176663B true CN110176663B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| CN111668600B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2024-04-19 | 成都海澳科技有限公司 | Split type navigation antenna |
| CN111987435B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2021-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | Low-profile dual-polarized antenna, array antenna and wireless communication equipment |
| CN115101930B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-15 | 广东工业大学 | Dual-frequency satellite navigation antenna with edge-loaded resonant branches |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102468534A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 北京和协航电科技有限公司 | Single-layer double-frequency microstrip antenna |
| CN103367933A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-10-23 | 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly |
| KR101856880B1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-05-10 | 호남대학교 산학협력단 | Patch antenna system using air dielectric |
| CN209896237U (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏三和欣创通信科技有限公司 | Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9425516B2 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2016-08-23 | The Ohio State University | Compact dual band GNSS antenna design |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102468534A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 北京和协航电科技有限公司 | Single-layer double-frequency microstrip antenna |
| CN103367933A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-10-23 | 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly |
| KR101856880B1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-05-10 | 호남대학교 산학협력단 | Patch antenna system using air dielectric |
| CN209896237U (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏三和欣创通信科技有限公司 | Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna |
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