CN110174337B - Device and method for measuring dynamic soil water-holding curve in laboratory - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring dynamic soil water-holding curve in laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring a dynamic soil water-holding curve in a laboratory, which comprises a measuring system and a water level generating system, wherein the measuring system is connected with the water level generating system through a thin hose; the steel cable passes through the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is connected with the outer circular pipe of the sleeve structure, the other end of the steel cable is connected with the rotating shaft of the stepping motor, and the stepping motor controls the lifting of the outer circular pipe so as to control the lifting of the water level. The characteristic curve of soil moisture when the groundwater level fluctuates can be measured. The rotation speed of the stepping motor is controlled by the computer, so that the signal period generated by the water level generating system can be accurately and conveniently controlled, and meanwhile, the uncertainty of the traditional manual control period is eliminated. The data collector is connected with the computer, so that the soil water content and water potential data measured by the time domain reflectometer and the soil water potential sensor at each moment can be derived, and the efficiency and the accuracy of the experiment are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydrology and soil science, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring a dynamic soil water-holding curve in a laboratory.
Background
Unsaturated flows in soil play an important role in many hydrologic systems and processes, particularly with respect to ground water movement, rainfall runoff, evaporation and contaminant transport. The soil moisture characteristic curve describes the relationship between the soil moisture content or saturation and the substrate suction, and accurate measurement of the soil moisture retention curve is the key to quantifying the effect of unsaturated flow in soil. For the same soil, there are two different soil water retention curves, namely the main line during soil dehydration and the wet line during water absorption, even under static conditions, which is called hysteresis.
The existing research shows that the soil water retention curve can be influenced by the fluctuation of the underground water level, when the underground water level periodically fluctuates with a certain amplitude, the soil water retention curve can deviate from a dry-wet curve in a static state, and the deviation degree can change along with the change of the fluctuation period. The phenomenon of groundwater level fluctuation generally exists in nature, and in a coastal diving layer, due to the influence of ocean power such as tide and wave, the groundwater of the coastal diving layer can generate periodic fluctuation. In addition, in inland hydrologic systems, periodic operation of the dam also results in periodic fluctuations in the groundwater in the phreatic zone of the bank. When the propagation of underground water fluctuation is researched, a better simulation result can be obtained only by adopting a soil moisture curve under a corresponding period. Therefore, it is necessary to use instruments to measure the water holding curve of the soil when the groundwater fluctuates.
A centrifuge is usually adopted in a laboratory to measure the soil water retention curve, but the measured soil water retention curve is static, the influence of water level fluctuation cannot be considered, the measuring process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the obtained data points are few. In addition, the period of the water level fluctuation signal generated by the existing water level generating system is controlled in a manual adjusting mode, and the setting is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for measuring a dynamic soil water-holding curve in a laboratory, which solves the technical problems of unstable soil water-holding curve and water level fluctuation signal period when measuring underground water level fluctuation; further provides a method for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in a laboratory, and solves the problems of experiment efficiency and accuracy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a measure device of dynamic soil water-holding curve in laboratory which characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring system and a water level generating system, wherein the measuring system is connected with the water level generating system through a thin hose; the measuring system comprises a time domain reflectometer, a soil water potential sensor and a pore water pressure gauge which are inserted on the earth pillar, and the time domain reflectometer, the soil water potential sensor and the pore water pressure gauge are all connected with a data acquisition unit; the measuring system also comprises a water storage column, the bottom of the soil column is detachably connected with the top of the water storage column, and a filter screen structure is arranged at the connection part; the water level generating system comprises a water level column, and a sleeve structure is arranged in the water level column and used for providing water level lifting; a fixed pulley is arranged right above the water level column, a steel cable penetrates through the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is connected with the sleeve structure, and the other end of the steel cable is connected with the output end of the stepping motor; and a water inlet pipe is arranged on the side surface of the bottom end of the water level column, the water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, and the water pump is used for pumping water into the water level column.
Further, the filter screen structure includes the filter plate that is equipped with a plurality of through-holes and the geotextile of high water permeability of setting on the filter plate top surface. The effect of effective filtration and prevention of soil in the soil column from sinking into the water storage column is achieved.
Further, the sleeve structure includes interior pipe and excircle pipe, and the excircle pipe box is established outside the interior pipe, and interior pipe sets firmly in water level column bottom and is connected with the thick hose, and the excircle pipe top is passed through the rod iron and is connected with the steel cable.
Furthermore, an iron block is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the outer circular tube. The function of being convenient for the outer circular tube to descend and adjust the water level is played.
Furthermore, thick hose one end with interior round tube connected, the other end is connected with the water tank. The water-saving and water-recycling functions are achieved.
Furthermore, the side surface of the bottom end of the water storage column is connected with the side surface of the bottom end of the water level column through a plurality of thin hoses.
Furthermore, a fixed support is installed at the inlet of the top end of the water level column, a round hole is formed in the middle of the fixed support, and a steel bar passes through the round hole. The function of preventing the steel bar from shaking, namely preventing the outer round pipe from shaking is achieved.
Further, interior pipe and excircle pipe are the ya keli material.
Further, the water level column is arranged on the base, and the base is fixed on the ground. The function of facilitating the connection of the thick hose and stabilizing the water level column is achieved.
A method for measuring a dynamic soil water retention curve in a laboratory, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding ionized water into the water tank until the water tank is full, turning on a switch of a water pump, pumping the water in the water tank into a water level column, and checking whether the water level generating system leaks water;
s2, setting the rotation speed of the stepping motor through the computer to make the period of the fluctuation reach a preset value, and adjusting the length of the steel cable to make the amplitude of the fluctuation reach the preset value;
s3, setting data reading and recording periods of a time domain reflectometer, a soil water potential sensor and a pore water pressure meter through a computer;
s4, operating the stepping motor to lift the outer circle pipe, and judging whether the generated water level signal reaches a preset value or not according to the data of the pore water pressure gauge;
and S5, after the stepping motor runs for a plurality of cycles, closing a valve of the water pump, operating the stepping motor to enable the outer circle pipe to fall to the bottom of the water level column, closing the stepping motor, and leading out soil water content and water potential data measured at each moment by the time domain reflectometer and the soil water potential sensor from the data acquisition unit.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the device not only can measure the soil moisture characteristic curve under the static condition, but also can measure the soil moisture characteristic curve when the groundwater level fluctuates, and has important significance for accurately simulating the migration process of moisture and pollutants in soil.
(2) The steel cable passes through the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is connected with the outer circular pipe of the sleeve structure, the other end of the steel cable is connected with the output end of the stepping motor, and the stepping motor controls the lifting of the outer circular pipe so as to control the lifting of the water level. The rotation speed of the stepping motor is controlled by the computer, so that the signal period generated by the water level generating system can be accurately and conveniently controlled, and meanwhile, the uncertainty of the traditional manual control period is eliminated.
(3) After the experiment is finished, the self-recording data acquisition unit is connected with the computer, so that the soil water content and water potential data measured at each moment by the time domain reflectometer and the soil water potential sensor can be derived, and the efficiency and the accuracy of the experiment are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a measured soil moisture profile of example one;
FIG. 3 is a measured soil moisture profile of example two;
FIG. 4 is a measured soil moisture profile of example three.
In the figure: 1-a soil column; 2-a data collector; 3-a time domain reflectometer; 4-soil water potential sensor; 5-pore water pressure gauge; 6-a sleeve structure; 7-a water tank; 8-a water pump; 9-a stepper motor; 10-a screen structure; 11-a fixed support; 12-a fixed pulley; 13-a base; 14-a thin hose; 15-thick hose; 16-iron blocks; 17-a wire rope; 18-steel bar.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in figure 1, the device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory comprises a measuring system and a water level generating system, wherein the measuring system and the water level generating system are connected through a thin hose. The measuring system comprises a time domain reflectometer, a soil water potential sensor and a pore water pressure gauge which are inserted on the soil column. The time domain reflectometer, the soil water potential sensor and the pore water pressure gauge have higher measurement precision and response speed and are connected with the data acquisition unit. The measuring system further comprises a water storage column, the bottom of the soil column is detachably connected with the top of the water storage column through a bolt, and a filter screen structure is arranged at the joint.
The water level generating system comprises a water level column, and a sleeve structure is arranged in the water level column and used for providing water level lifting. A fixed pulley is arranged right above the water level column, a steel cable penetrates through the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is connected with the sleeve structure, and the other end of the steel cable is connected with the output end of the stepping motor. The side surface of the bottom end of the water level column is provided with a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump, and the water pump is used for pumping water into the water level column. The water pump can pump the water in the water tank to the water level column.
The sleeve structure comprises an inner circular pipe and an outer circular pipe, the outer circular pipe is sleeved outside the inner circular pipe, the inner circular pipe is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the water level column and connected with the thick hose, and the top end of the outer circular pipe is connected with the steel cable through a steel bar. The stepping motor controls the lifting or descending of the outer circular tube in the sleeve structure through self rotation. And an iron block is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the outer circular tube. The function of being convenient for the outer circular tube to descend and adjust the water level is played. The inner circular tube and the outer circular tube are both made of acrylic materials. One end of the thick hose is connected with the inner circular pipe, and the other end of the thick hose is connected with the water tank. The water-saving and water-recycling functions are achieved.
The water level column is arranged on the base, and the base is fixed on the ground, so that the effects of convenient connection of the thick hose and stability of the water level column are achieved. The fixed bolster is installed to water level column top entrance, and the round hole has been seted up to the centre of fixed bolster, and the round hole supplies the rod iron to pass. The function of preventing the steel bar from shaking, namely preventing the outer round pipe from shaking is achieved.
The filter screen structure includes the filter plate that is equipped with a plurality of through-holes and the geotextile of high water permeability of setting on the filter plate top surface. The effect of effective filtration and prevention of soil in the soil column from sinking into the water storage column is achieved. The side surface of the bottom end of the water storage column is connected with the side surface of the bottom end of the water level column through a plurality of thin hoses, and 5 thin hoses are preferably selected in the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the length and inner diameter of the column are 180 cm and 18 cm respectively. The saturated permeability coefficient of sand in the earth pillar is 2 multiplied by 10-4m/s, saturated and residual moisture contents of 0.355 and 0.03, respectively, van genichten parameters for the dry line of 2.3 and 10, and van genichten parameters for the wet line of 3.91 and 10. The model of the data acquisition unit is Campbell CR3000, the model of the time domain reflectometer is TDR-315L, the soil water potential sensor is UMS T5, and the model of the pore water pressure gauge is WIKA S-10. The method comprises the following specific steps:
and S1, adding ionized water into the water tank until the water tank is full, turning on a switch of a water pump, pumping the water in the water tank into the water level column, and checking whether the water level generating system leaks water.
And S2, setting the rotating speed of the stepping motor through the computer to enable the fluctuation period to reach a preset value, wherein the underground water fluctuation period is 15min, and adjusting the length of the steel cable to enable the fluctuation amplitude to reach a preset value of 10 cm.
And S3, setting the data reading and recording period of the time domain reflectometer, the soil water potential sensor and the pore water pressure gauge through the computer.
And S4, operating the stepping motor to lift the outer circle pipe, and judging whether the generated water level signal reaches a preset value or not according to the data of the pore water pressure gauge.
And S5, after the stepping motor runs for a plurality of cycles, closing a valve of the water pump, operating the stepping motor to enable the outer circle pipe to fall to the bottom of the water level column, closing the stepping motor, and leading out soil water content and water potential data measured at each moment by the time domain reflectometer and the soil water potential sensor from the data acquisition unit.
Example two:
the difference from the first embodiment is only that the corresponding groundwater fluctuation period is 45 min.
Example three:
the difference from the first embodiment is only that the corresponding groundwater fluctuation period is 90 min.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, under three different periods of underground water fluctuation signals, the soil water retention curve deviates from the dry-wet curve in a static state.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a measure device of dynamic soil water-holding curve in laboratory which characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring system and a water level generating system, wherein the measuring system is connected with the water level generating system through a thin hose;
the measuring system comprises a time domain reflectometer, a soil water potential sensor and a pore water pressure gauge which are inserted on the earth pillar, and the time domain reflectometer, the soil water potential sensor and the pore water pressure gauge are all connected with a data acquisition unit;
the measuring system also comprises a water storage column, the bottom of the soil column is detachably connected with the top of the water storage column, and a filter screen structure is arranged at the connection part;
the water level generating system comprises a water level column, wherein a sleeve structure is arranged in the water level column and is used for providing periodic water level lifting;
a fixed pulley is arranged right above the water level column, a steel cable penetrates through the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is connected with the sleeve structure, and the other end of the steel cable is connected with the output end of the stepping motor;
a water inlet pipe is arranged on the side face of the bottom end of the water level column and connected with a water pump, and the water pump is used for pumping water into the water level column;
the sleeve structure comprises an inner circular pipe and an outer circular pipe, the outer circular pipe is sleeved outside the inner circular pipe, the inner circular pipe is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the water level column and is connected with the thick hose, and the top end of the outer circular pipe is connected with the steel cable through a steel bar;
one end of the thick hose is connected with the inner circular pipe, and the other end of the thick hose is connected with the water tank.
2. The apparatus for measuring a dynamic soil water retention curve in a laboratory according to claim 1, wherein the filter screen structure comprises a filter plate provided with a plurality of through holes and a geotextile having high water permeability provided on a top surface of the filter plate.
3. The device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the bottom end of the outer circular tube is provided with an iron block.
4. The device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the bottom end of the water storage column is connected with the side surface of the bottom end of the water level column through a plurality of thin hoses.
5. The device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein a fixed bracket is installed at the inlet of the top end of the water level column, a round hole is formed in the middle of the fixed bracket, and a steel bar passes through the round hole.
6. The device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein the inner circular tube and the outer circular tube are both made of acrylic materials.
7. The device for measuring the dynamic soil water-holding curve in the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein the water level column is arranged on a base, and the base is fixed on the ground.
8. A method for measuring a dynamic soil water retention curve in a laboratory based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding ionized water into the water tank until the water tank is full, turning on a switch of a water pump, pumping the water in the water tank into a water level column, and checking whether the water level generating system leaks water;
s2, setting the rotation speed of the stepping motor through the computer to make the period of the fluctuation reach a preset value, and adjusting the length of the steel cable to make the amplitude of the fluctuation reach the preset value;
s3, setting data reading and recording periods of a time domain reflectometer, a soil water potential sensor and a pore water pressure meter through a computer;
s4, operating the stepping motor to lift the outer circle pipe, and judging whether the generated water level signal reaches a preset value or not according to the data of the pore water pressure gauge;
and S5, after the stepping motor runs for a plurality of cycles, closing a valve of the water pump, operating the stepping motor to enable the outer circle pipe to fall to the bottom of the water level column, closing the stepping motor, and leading out soil water content and water potential data measured at each moment by the time domain reflectometer and the soil water potential sensor from the data acquisition unit.
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| CN110174337A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
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