CN104237974A - Siphon throttling tipping bucket rain gauge - Google Patents
Siphon throttling tipping bucket rain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN104237974A CN104237974A CN201410460603.XA CN201410460603A CN104237974A CN 104237974 A CN104237974 A CN 104237974A CN 201410460603 A CN201410460603 A CN 201410460603A CN 104237974 A CN104237974 A CN 104237974A
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- siphon
- funnel
- tipping bucket
- rain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a siphon throttling tipping bucket rain gauge. The siphon throttling tipping bucket rain gauge comprises a rain container and a reed pipe, and is characterized by further comprising a filter screen, an outer bucket, a siphon funnel, a siphon pipe, a siphon filter screen, a sand basin, a support, magnetic steel, a tipping bucket, a water drain funnel, a spirit bubble and a bottom disc. The filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the rain container, the rain container is arranged on the upper portion of the outer bucket, the outer bucket is arranged on the bottom disc, the support is arranged on the bottom disc, the sand basin is arranged on the lower portion of the siphon funnel, the siphon funnel and the sand basin are arranged at the top of the support, the siphon filter screen is arranged at the inlet end of the siphon pipe, the siphon pipe is arranged in the sand basin, the reel pipe, the tipping bucket and the water drain funnel are sequentially and axially arranged on the upper portion of the support, the magnetic steel and the reel pipe are arranged at the top end of the tipping bucket oppositely and symmetrically, and the spirit bubble is arranged on the upper portion of the bottom disc. Rainfall flow with the strength changing in real time is converted into relatively even water flow to flow in the metering tipping bucket, and therefore the precision of measuring the field rainfall capacity is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hydrology, meteorologic survey fixture technology field, particularly relating to a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain for measuring field natural precipitation amount exactly.
Background technology
Atmospheric precipitation measurement is the important step of earth water circulation monitoring, it is the important component part that water resource utilizes, also be many-sided important factor in order such as climate change, geologic hazard, flood damage early warning and environmental assessment, scholar seeks multiple method and carries out accurate measurement to rainfall amount in the industry.The udometer used the earliest needs human metering, and cannot measure rainfall; Siphon rainfall recorder can carry out paper record, and can monitor rainfall, measuring accuracy is higher, but can not application supporting with hyundai electronics record product; Tipping-bucket rain-gauge principle is simple, stable performance, but the error produced because of raininess change very greatly.So far, the precipitation sensor of domestic and international most of measurement equipment is tipping bucket rain gauge or siphon rainfall sensor, and these two kinds of sensors never change in decades in principle and structure.Integrate the rain gage of the multiple requirements such as robotization, measuring accuracy and reliability, also do not form perfect solution so far.
Although udometric form is more, but tipping-bucket rain-gauge is still the rain sensor being widely used in automatic monitoring at present both at home and abroad, tipping-bucket rain-gauge reliable operation, structure is simple, be easy to that rainfall amount is converted to electric signal export, be convenient to long-distance transmissions, but the measuring error of tipping-bucket rain-gauge is larger.The principal element of measuring error is caused to be, tipping bucket is in switching process, although the time is extremely very brief, always need the regular hour, at the first half of upset, namely tipping bucket is crossed in the △ T time of center line from beginning turning tipping bucket central dividing plate, influent hopper is still to water filling in tipping bucket, and as rainfall intensity is larger, the water yield entered is also more, cause instrument self water discharge to be greater than instrument record value, measuring error is partially negative; And for example rainfall intensity is less, and volume of water input is also fewer, causes instrument record value to be greater than instrument self water discharge, measuring error polarization.This will produce and varies in size along with rainfall intensity and produce different error in dippings.
In order to reduce rainfall intensity change to the impact of metering tipping bucket, Shanghai meteorologic instrument factory proposes double skip rain gage, layer installs one deck tipping bucket again additional thereon, i.e. double-deck tilting bucket rain, the rainfall intensity that upper strata tipping bucket upset flow into lower floor's metering tipping bucket is all turned to 4mm/min, and have nothing to do with the actual rainfall intensity in the external world, so its measuring accuracy is improved, this is also the fundamental purpose adopting double skip structure.
But diverge to several problems because upper strata tipping bucket also exists one with the upset of metering tipping bucket, as after upper strata tipping bucket overturns, the water yield poured out is enough roll over condition meeting metering tipping bucket just, now, in the switching process of metering tipping bucket, 4mm/min rainfall just may do not had to inject, cause the error in dipping of metering tipping bucket.
In order to improve the measuring accuracy of rainfall amount, develop the instrument more measured the amount of rainfall, the products such as the ultrasonic type rain gage that the weighing type rain gauge of the float-type rain gage of existing Xuzhou Victory-idea, the capacitance-grid type rain gage of Zhejiang Hua Yun, U.S.'s Hash, meteorological department of Zhengzhou City use are all calculate rainfall amount by the volume or weight of electronic device measurement water body, to avoid the impact using tipping bucket by change raininess, so not only add cost, also reduce udometric monolithic stability reliability.
How to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and become one of emphasis difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in the current hydrology, meteorological fixture technology field.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention uses siphon principle, the rainfall flow of intensity size real-time change is changed into relatively uniform current and flow into metering tipping bucket, thus greatly increase the precision to field Precipitation measurement.
According to a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain that the present invention proposes, it comprises rain container, tongue tube, characterized by further comprising rain container, screen pack, outer barrel, siphon funnel, U trap, siphon screen pack, sand basin, support, tongue tube, magnet steel, tipping bucket, water drain funnel, spirit bubble and chassis, wherein: in the bottom of rain container, screen pack is set, rain container is arranged on the top of outer barrel, outer barrel is arranged on chassis, Bracket setting is on chassis, sand basin is positioned at the bottom of siphon funnel, siphon funnel and sand basin are arranged on the top of support, siphon screen pack is arranged on siphonal entrance point, U trap is arranged in sand basin, tongue tube, tipping bucket and water drain funnel are axially disposed within the top of support successively, magnet steel and tongue tube are symmetricly set on the top of tipping bucket in opposite directions, spirit bubble is arranged on the top on chassis.
Principle of the present invention is: the present invention has used siphon principle, the rainfall flow of intensity size real-time change is changed into relatively uniform current and flow into metering tipping bucket, specifically be provided with built-in siphonal large area siphon funnel and sand basin, the rainfall amount collected is flowed into siphon funnel and first accumulates by rain container, in siphon funnel, water level rises from siphon nozzle, starts siphon drainage to measuring tipping bucket to U trap top; No matter how rainfall intensity size changes, the rainfall flow flow to metering tipping bucket from U trap is relatively stable, namely its essence is and flow into metering tipping bucket again after uneven natural precipitation intensity is all turned to relatively uniform rainfall intensity, thus improve the measuring accuracy of tilting bucket rain.
The present invention compared with prior art its remarkable advantage is: one is that the rainfall amount that the rain container of prior art is collected flows directly into tipping bucket, because tipping bucket upset needs the time, therefore the water yield that different rainfall intensities is injected at this moment in tipping bucket is different, causes rainfall intensity size variation to bring very large error effect to tilting bucket rain; And the present invention utilizes siphonal intermittent drainage process dexterously, namely draining is started when water level is elevated to U trap top, water level decreasing stops draining to during siphonal water inlet elevation, the rainfall flow of rainfall intensity size variation is all turned to metastable siphon flow process, in the raininess variation range of 0.1 ~ 8mm/min, can make the tilting bucket rain measuring error of resolution 0.1mm from ± 18% reducing to ± 4%; Two is that the present invention is simple and reliable for structure, and exploitativeness is strong; Three is that the present invention is adapted at various tilting bucket rain uses, and result of use is remarkable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural profile schematic diagram of a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain that the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Composition graphs 1, a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain that the present invention proposes, it comprises rain container (1), screen pack (2), outer barrel (3), siphon funnel (4), U trap (5), siphon screen pack (6), sand basin (7), support (8), tongue tube (9), magnet steel (10), tipping bucket (11), water drain funnel (12), spirit bubble (13) and chassis (14), wherein: in the bottom of rain container (1), screen pack (2) is set, rain container (1) is arranged on the top of outer barrel (3), outer barrel 3 is arranged on chassis (14), support (8) is arranged on chassis (14), sand basin (7) is positioned at the bottom of siphon funnel (4), siphon funnel (4) and sand basin (7) are arranged on the top of support (8), siphon screen pack (6) is arranged on the entrance point of U trap (5), U trap (5) is arranged in sand basin (7), tongue tube (9), tipping bucket (11) and water drain funnel (12) are axially disposed within the top of support (8) successively, magnet steel (10) and tongue tube (9) are symmetricly set on the top of tipping bucket (11) in opposite directions, and spirit bubble (13) is arranged on the top of chassis (14).
The further preferred version of the present invention is: the height of siphon funnel (4) of the present invention is 170mm, the cone height of siphon funnel (4) is 70mm, cylinder height is 100mm, diameter is 160mm, the capacity of siphon funnel (4) is 2480mL, can meet and reliably measure when continuing 15 minutes and rainfall intensity reaches the torrential rain of 8mm/min; The material of described siphon funnel (4) is stainless steel or engineering plastics; The caliber of described U trap (5) is 3mm, μ c is 0.177; The material of described U trap (5) is 304 stainless steels, drawing and forming.
Specific implementation process below in conjunction with a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain of the present invention's proposition further illustrates embodiments of the invention.The present invention adopts described U trap (5) to control high-precision rain gauge, atmospheric precipitation amount flows into siphon funnel (4) through screen pack (2) after rain container (1) is collected, water level in this siphon funnel (4) constantly raises, to the top of U trap (5), there is siphonage immediately, rainwater in siphon funnel (4) flows to tipping bucket (11) after siphon screen pack (6) interception foreign material, after the bucket that is filled with water of tipping bucket (11) is filled, tipping bucket (11) overturns, magnet steel (10) inswept tongue tube (9), tongue tube (9) is made to produce the closed or process of disconnection, namely outwards a pulsed quantity signal is exported.
When there is hydrocone type, if rainfall amount is very little, siphon drainage is stopped time below water level decreasing in siphon funnel (4) to U trap (5) water inlet, wait for that rainfall makes water level rise to U trap (5) top, there is siphonage again, ensure that the flow flowing into tipping bucket (11) is relatively stable; If rainfall amount is comparatively large, when the current that rain container (1) collects are greater than the water discharge of U trap (5), the water level in siphon funnel (4) constantly rises, and hydraulic pressure constantly increases, the corresponding continuous increase of siphon drainage flow.
When pipeline flow calculates, although the length of U trap (5) is shorter, its caliber is very little, therefore not only will consider the local losses of bend pipe, but consider because overcoming along flow process the energy that internal friction consumes in viscous friction water body flow, unified with pipeline flow coefficient μ
crepresent, free discharge computing formula is as follows:
In above formula: Q is flow; μ
cfor free discharge coefficient of flow; A is pipeline area; H
0for acting head; G is acceleration of gravity.
When the caliber of control U trap (5) makes rainfall intensity be 180mm/h, U trap (5) can normally discharge the rainfall water yield and water level in siphon funnel (4) does not rise, reach turnover equilibrium state, now, the caliber of U trap (5) is 3mm, μ c is 0.177; If rainfall intensity increases, the water level in siphon funnel (4) is made constantly to rise to limiting altitude, assuming that described water table ratio U trap (5) top exceeds 170mm, because the head of U trap (5) increases, drain discharge also increases, through above formula computational analysis and actual measurement checking, when the water level in siphon funnel (4) is in limiting altitude, U trap (5) sustainable discharge is equivalent to the flow of rainfall intensity 300mm/h.
If the height of siphon funnel (4) is 170mm, its cone height is 70mm, cylinder height is 100mm, diameter is 160mm, and its capacity is 2480mL, and the present invention can measure raininess 8mm/min, last the continuous especially big rainfall of 15min.
If sand and dust drop in rain container (1), can sweep away through siphon funnel (4) with current during rainfall, accumulate in sand basin (7); In the area that airborne dust weather takes place frequently, need periodic cleaning sand basin (7), prevent silt from blocking the water inlet of U trap (5) too much.
Spirit bubble (13) is arranged on chassis (14), make spirit bubble (13) interior bubble placed in the middle by adjustment chassis (14) levelness, outer barrel (3) is installed from top to bottom, is fixed on chassis (14).
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, all explanations do not related to belong to the known technology of the art, can be implemented with reference to known technology.
The present invention, through validation trial, achieves satisfied effect.
Claims (5)
1. a siphon throttling tilting bucket rain, it comprises rain container (1), tongue tube (9), characterized by further comprising screen pack (2), outer barrel (3), siphon funnel (4), U trap (5), siphon screen pack (6), sand basin (7), support (8), magnet steel (10), tipping bucket (11), water drain funnel (12), spirit bubble (13) and chassis (14), wherein: in the bottom of rain container (1), screen pack (2) is set, rain container (1) is arranged on the top of outer barrel (3), outer barrel (3) and support (8) are separately positioned on chassis (14), sand basin (7) is positioned at the bottom of siphon funnel (4), siphon funnel (4) and sand basin (7) are arranged on the top of support (8), siphon screen pack (6) is arranged on the entrance point of U trap (5), U trap (5) is arranged in sand basin (7), tongue tube (9), tipping bucket (11) and water drain funnel (12) are axially disposed within the top of support (8) successively, magnet steel (10) and tongue tube (9) are symmetricly set on the top of tipping bucket (11) in opposite directions, and spirit bubble (13) is arranged on the top of chassis (14).
2. a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the material of described siphon funnel (4) is stainless steel or engineering plastics.
3. a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain according to claim 1, is characterized in that the height of described siphon funnel (4) is 170mm; Its cone height is 70mm, cylinder height is 100mm, diameter is 160mm; Its capacity is 2480mL.
4. a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain according to claim 1, is characterized in that the caliber of described U trap (5) be 3mm, μ c is 0.177.
5. a kind of siphon throttling tilting bucket rain according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that the material of described U trap (5) is 304 stainless steels, drawing and forming.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410460603.XA CN104237974B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | A kind of siphon throttling tipping bucket udometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410460603.XA CN104237974B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | A kind of siphon throttling tipping bucket udometer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104237974A true CN104237974A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104237974B CN104237974B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410460603.XA Expired - Fee Related CN104237974B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | A kind of siphon throttling tipping bucket udometer |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105425321A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-23 | 河海大学 | Full-automatic tipping-bucket rain gauge titrator |
| CN109029575A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of counter weight type tipping bucket multiparameter measuring device and method |
| CN109324357A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-12 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | A kind of funnel and its working method of stable water outlet |
| CN109490989A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-19 | 广东三维睿新科技有限公司 | A kind of data transmission sensor for environment measuring |
| CN109752775A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-05-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of siphoning installation of high-precision response rainfall process |
| CN109975623A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-05 | 江苏大学 | A kind of electrostatic atomization spray head charge-mass ratio measuring system and its measurement method |
| CN111912467A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | Surface load rate measuring device and measuring method |
| CN112630866A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Rainfall measuring device |
| CN112925047A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-08 | 河北省廊坊水文勘测研究中心(河北省廊坊水平衡测试中心) | Tipping bucket type rain gauge |
| CN112946786A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-11 | 山东仁科测控技术有限公司 | Tipping bucket structure for tipping bucket type rain gauge and rain gauge |
| CN114442201A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 张锦霞 | Intelligent rainfall measuring rain gauge |
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105425321B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-10-03 | 河海大学 | Full-automatic tilting bucket rain titrator |
| CN105425321A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-23 | 河海大学 | Full-automatic tipping-bucket rain gauge titrator |
| CN109029575A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of counter weight type tipping bucket multiparameter measuring device and method |
| CN109029575B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2023-07-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Multi-parameter measuring device and method for counterweight type tipping bucket |
| CN109752775A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-05-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of siphoning installation of high-precision response rainfall process |
| CN109752775B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-12-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | High-precision siphon device for responding rainfall process |
| CN109324357A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-12 | 福州小草科技有限公司 | A kind of funnel and its working method of stable water outlet |
| CN109490989A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-19 | 广东三维睿新科技有限公司 | A kind of data transmission sensor for environment measuring |
| CN109490989B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-01-15 | 广东三维睿新科技有限公司 | Data transmission sensor for environment detection |
| US11150288B2 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2021-10-19 | Jiangsu University | System for measuring charge-to-mass ratio of electrostatic atomization nozzle and measurement method using the same |
| CN109975623A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-05 | 江苏大学 | A kind of electrostatic atomization spray head charge-mass ratio measuring system and its measurement method |
| WO2020186682A1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-24 | 江苏大学 | Charge-to-mass ratio measurement system for electrostatic atomizing spray nozzle and measurement method therefor |
| CN111912467A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | Surface load rate measuring device and measuring method |
| CN112630866B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-05-09 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Rainfall measuring device |
| CN112630866A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Rainfall measuring device |
| CN112925047A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-08 | 河北省廊坊水文勘测研究中心(河北省廊坊水平衡测试中心) | Tipping bucket type rain gauge |
| CN112946786A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-11 | 山东仁科测控技术有限公司 | Tipping bucket structure for tipping bucket type rain gauge and rain gauge |
| CN112946786B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2023-05-02 | 山东仁科测控技术有限公司 | Tipping bucket structure for tipping bucket type rain gauge and rain gauge |
| CN114442201A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 张锦霞 | Intelligent rainfall measuring rain gauge |
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