CN110133462A - Composite insulator ageing properties pilot system and method based on space charge effect - Google Patents
Composite insulator ageing properties pilot system and method based on space charge effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN110133462A CN110133462A CN201910419513.9A CN201910419513A CN110133462A CN 110133462 A CN110133462 A CN 110133462A CN 201910419513 A CN201910419513 A CN 201910419513A CN 110133462 A CN110133462 A CN 110133462A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of composite insulator ageing properties pilot system and method based on space charge effect, comprising: vacuum cavity, vacuum control unit, temperature control unit, secondary electron test cell and motion control unit；Vacuum control unit, for controlling the vacuum degree of vacuum cavity；Temperature control unit, for controling and monitoring the temperature of vacuum cavity；Secondary electron test cell, for cooperating the measurement for completing the secondary electron of sample to be tested in vacuum cavity with motion control unit.This system can find hidden danger existing for insulator in time, take counter-measure in advance.Test direction is provided simultaneously for the improvement of isolator material performance and the development of Novel insulator material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power equipment ageing properties evaluation areas, in particular to a kind of composite insulator ageing properties evaluation
Pilot system and method.
Background technique
In transmission line of electricity, insulator be mainly used for for high-voltage conducting wires and overhead line structures being mechanically connected with each other and
Electrically mutually insulated.During Operation of Electric Systems, any insulator goes wrong and can all generate seriously to system
It influences.And the insulator for using outdoors, other than requiring good electrical insulating property, it is also necessary to have good antifouling
Dodge characteristic.The main reason for causing insulator contamination is: industry is filthy, saline and alkaline and dust is attached to insulator surface, then greatly
Mist, dew, rainwater in gas etc. can make the dunghill of insulator surface wetted, the surface conductance of insulator and along face Leakage Current
It can increased dramatically, so that the flashover voltage of insulator significantly reduces, also insulator can be made to work normally under serious situation
Flashover under voltage.
Nowadays, more and more transmission lines of electricity select composite insulator as common isolator material.This be mainly because
For usually used composite insulator material and the sub- material of traditional inorganic insulation, such as ceramics, glass phase ratio, it has lower table
Face energy.In addition, composite insulator have good hydrophobicity, such composite insulator under the environment such as humidity, greasy weather, rainfall still
It is able to maintain surface cleaning, it is easier to maintenance drop.In addition to this, the advantage that composite insulator is generally configured with is also:
(1) lighter quality, this allows composite insulator in the case where keeping power plant scale constant, and construction more passes through
The more excellent power station of Ji, electricity generation system.Such as the power generation column of Germany has been after having used composite insulator, the transmission voltage in power station by
245kV is increased to 420kV, and after Canadian power station uses horizontal V-shaped composite insulator, the power station of identical scale is total to by 115kV
The route of 50km long is increased to 230kV.Other than improving power transmission efficiency, the insulator of lighter weight can also improve conductor and ground
The space length in face can preferably avoid the generation of electrical hazard in this way.The insulator of light weight is used building electric wire
Without using crane when bar, construction cost has been saved.
(2) under identical mass ratio, composite insulator has more excellent mechanical property, and more excellent mechanical property can
To make the distance between electric pole farther, the manufacture of electric pole is reduced.
(3) be not susceptible to using full skirt prepared by composite insulator it is badly damaged, such as when encountering the bad weathers such as hail,
Inorganic insulations such as ceramics is easy to be smashed and fall to ground, causes badly damaged.
(4) outdoors under open-air atmosphere in use, in face of the atmospheric environment that depth pollutes, composite insulator has more excellent
Elegant performance.
(5) composite insulator is than inorganic insulation more resistant to pressure.
Certainly compared with traditional inorganic insulation, composite insulator also has the shortcomings that many:
(1) composite insulator is easy to produce pneumatic ash handling after by chemical attack, so that insulator breaks down.
(2) life expectancy of composite insulator is difficult to estimate.
(3) long-term reliability is unknown.
(4) it is difficult to detect the defective composite insulator of tool.
Up to now, the outdoor composite insulator used is used for nearly 60 years.Including various materials
Material and various structures.Including the third diphenol epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, EP rubbers and silicon rubber etc..
In 20th century 40, the fifties, the third diphenol epoxy resin has begun large-scale life due to its outstanding outdoor performance, in the U.S.
Produce application.And the sixties, the U.S. begin to use cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, and use hanging-type composite insulator, will transmit electricity
Voltage is increased to 400kV, and the transmission voltage in station can be increased to 500kV.To the seventies, EP rubbers starts in France
It uses.And from the end of the seventies to the eighties, silicon rubber starts to be applied to market.
Prolonged operating experience shows: although the antifouling work ability of composite insulator is very strong, this is simultaneously not equal to
It can prevent the generation of pollution flashover accident completely, pollution flashover accident equally can also occur for running composite insulator.Composite insulator
That outstanding hydrophobicity that excellent anti-pollution sudden strain of a muscle mainly has benefited from it, so that composite insulator still can in the environment of serious pollution
Enough keep the relative clean on its surface.But problem maximum existing for composite insulator at present is mainly compound after aging
Insulator pneumatic ash handling easy to form, and external insulation flashover, mechanical strength decline, interface breakdown and core brittle fracture can occur etc.
Phenomenon.
Insulator accident can make transmission line of electricity trip, this is by the stable operation of severe jamming to electric system, if occurring big
The insulator accident of area, then can occur the serious consequences such as a wide range of power outages, this can all cause people's lives and national economy
It seriously affects and heavy losses.Therefore, it is necessary to be furtherd investigate to the Ageing of Insulators performance test.
Summary of the invention
The composite insulator ageing properties pilot system based on space charge effect that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
And method, it can accurately judge the ageing properties of composite insulator, and arrange maintenance to replace in time according to test result, avoid
The generation of composite insulator accident.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Composite insulator ageing properties pilot system based on space charge effect, comprising: vacuum cavity, vacuum control list
Member, temperature control unit, secondary electron test cell and motion control unit；
Vacuum control unit, for controlling the vacuum degree of vacuum cavity；
Temperature control unit, for controling and monitoring the temperature of vacuum cavity；
Secondary electron test cell, for cooperating the secondary electricity for completing sample to be tested in vacuum cavity with motion control unit
The measurement of son.
Further, vacuum control unit includes the prime molecular pump being installed on vacuum cavity, rear class ionic pump and true
Sky meter.
Further, temperature control unit includes the temperature sensor being installed on vacuum cavity, heater and deep cooling machine.
Further, secondary electron test cell includes electronics generation system and secondary electron test macro；
Electronics generation system includes test electron gun, the first composite electron rifle, the second composite electron rifle and trigger；
Motion control unit includes sample feeding mechanism and rotating mechanism；
Secondary electron test macro includes collector, DC power supply, coaxial connector, signal amplifier, oscillograph, electrostatic
Meter and time synchronization trigger；
Extremely hemispherical metal electrode is collected, is set in vacuum cavity；Test electron gun, the first composite electron rifle, the
Two composite electron rifles are installed on the intracorporal collector of vacuum chamber, test electron gun face sample to be tested straight down, and first is multiple
It closes electron gun and the inclination of the second composite electron rifle is installed on test electron gun two sides；Trigger connecting test electron gun, first are answered
Electron gun, the second composite electron rifle are closed, for triggering three's work；The top center of collector is installed by coaxial connection unit
On vacuum cavity, coaxial connection unit connection traversing mechanism can drive collector to rotate under the drive of rotating mechanism；
Vacuum cavity bottom is equipped with specimen holder, and sample to be tested is placed on specimen holder；
The anode connection collector of DC power supply, the cathode of DC power supply pass sequentially through coaxial connector, signal amplifier
Connect oscillograph；Electrometer connects the specimen holder of vacuum cavity bottom setting；Time synchronization trigger connects electrometer and oscillography
Device, for triggering the two work simultaneously.
Further, specimen holder is copper sheet；Sample feeding mechanism is magnetic force motorized rails；Specimen holder is set to vacuum cavity bottom
Magnetic force motorized rails on, sample feeding mechanism energization can control specimen holder drive sample to be tested in vacuum cavity bottom along magnetic electric
Dynamic guide rail movement.
Further, further include surface gas composition test unit for testing sample to be tested surface gas ingredient.
Further, the surface gas composition test unit is quadrupole mass spectrometer.
Composite insulator ageing properties test method based on space charge effect, comprising the following steps:
Sample to be tested is moved to other than collector by the sample feeding mechanism in motion control unit first, then passes through rotation
Collector is rotated to sample to be tested present position by rotation mechanism, opens measurement electron gun, a diameter 5mm- of generation at this time
The electron beam of 20mm is incident on collector, tests out primary current I by the oscillograph being connected on collectorP, thus right
Measurement electron gun parameter is calibrated；Measurement electron gun emits incident beam every 20eV increase since 0eV, each
Energy is corresponding to measure corresponding primary electron electric current I by collectorPAnd it records；It has been calibrated under different beam energies
Measurement electron gun is closed after measurement electron gun, is respectively moved to collector and sample to be tested by rotating mechanism and sample feeding mechanism
Then initial position is keeping setting parameter and measurement primary electron electric current IPMeasurement electron gun is opened under the same conditions to start
Secondary electron is measured, secondary current I is tested out by oscillographS。
Further, the first composite electron rifle and the second composite electron rifle are according to the preceding secondary electron electric current once tested out
Judge it is which composite electron rifle opened, with the size relation of primary electron electric current to eliminate sample to be tested surface charge
Accumulate the influence to final measurement；
Wherein, the first composite electron rifle 41 is opened when the secondary current that the last time tests out is greater than primary current generate electricity
Otherwise son opens the second composite electron rifle 42 and generates cation.
Further, pass through temperature control unit after incident electron is incident on sample to be tested surface rapidly by sample to be tested
- 90 DEG C are cooled to, then 80 DEG C is slowly warming up to 2 DEG C/min of speed and records the electric current that sample to be tested releases and believe
Number ID。
Further, the current signal I that secondary electron and sample to be tested releaseDTest carry out it is multiple.Pass through increase
The beam energy of measurement electron gun transmitting, when the secondary electron that the last time tests out is less than primary electron, material surface is accumulated
There are errors so as to cause the secondary electron coefficient of final test for negative electrical charge；When the secondary electron that the last time tests out is greater than once
When electronics, material surface has accumulated positive charge, and to can also cause the secondary electron coefficient of final test, there are errors.In order to disappear
Except surface charge accumulates, test macro introduces the first composite electron rifle and the second composite electron rifle, and two composite electron rifles are logical
Cross trigger control.Under the cooperation of measurement electron gun and composite electron rifle, the electric current I of secondary electron generationSAnd sample to be tested
The current signal I releasedDCurve is tested tries out respectively, and then passes through the aging performance of the curve assessment sample to be tested.
Further, the measurement that trap level may be implemented by the temperature control unit of this system and measuring system, into
And by the micro-parameter of charged particle in analysis sample to be tested from the ageing process of microcosmic upper analysis sample, it is finally sample material
The modification of material proposed theoretical direction.
Further, pass through the surface gas composition test unit testing sample to be tested adsorption gas in this system
Ingredient, so as to analyze influence of the surface gas componant for specimen surface aging due to caused by creeping discharge.
Further, the pilot system course of work is as follows: firstly, sample to be tested is placed on specimen holder, closing vacuum
Cavity.Then the molecular pump started in vacuum control unit carries out forvacuum, when vacuum degree reaches 10-6Start when torr or less
Ionic pump in vacuum control unit carries out the extraction of ultrahigh vacuum, when vacuum degree is less than 10-7Start to carry out when torr to be tested
The measurement on sample surface and internal aging situation.
It further, is the calibration for the system that measures first in pilot system work.Adjust measurement electron gun,
Start to carry out secondary electron measurement after one composite electron rifle and the second composite electron rifle, passes through the sample presentation machine in motion control unit
Sample to be tested is placed on other than the collector in vacuum cavity by structure, and will be collected by the rotating mechanism in motion control unit
Pole rotates to the position for placing sample to be tested；Then a larger-diameter electron beam, the electronics are generated by measurement electron gun
Beam is incident on collector, and the electric current generated is exactly primary electron electric current IP, realized by the electric current and different samples to be tested surveyed
Measure the calibration of electron gun parameter.
Further, in pilot system work, the measurement of sample to be tested aging performance is followed by carried out.Close measurement electronics
Collector is rotated to initial position by rotating mechanism by rifle, sample to be tested is placed on initial position by sample feeding mechanism, so
Measurement electron gun (setting parameter remains unchanged) is opened afterwards, and the electron beam generated is incident on to be measured by the fenestra on collector
On sample, apply the DC voltage of 10V on collector at this time, sample to be tested surface generates secondary under the electric field that it is generated
Electronics is collected extremely all collections, passes through the current signal I acquired on oscillographSThe aging shape on sample to be tested surface can be assessed
Condition.- 90 DEG C are reduced to by the temperature of sample to be tested is very fast simultaneously, are then slowly warming up to 80 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min and pass through electrostatic
Meter records the current signal I that sample to be tested releasesD, the inside of sample to be tested can be assessed by analyzing the current signal
Aging performance.
Further, in pilot system work, electric field that the secondary electron of sample to be tested surface emitting is established in collector
Lower whole is collected pole collection, at this time the electric current I by testing out on collectorC, primary electron electric current IPAnd pass through electrometer
Electric current I on the sample to be tested tested outDSecondary electron coefficient δ can be calculated, and it is bent to draw out secondary electron coefficient δ
Line.For integration test sample to be tested, current signal I that secondary electron and sample to be tested releaseDTest need carry out it is more
It is secondary, by the beam energy for increasing measurement electron gun transmitting.When the secondary electron that the last time tests out is less than primary electron, material
Surface has accumulated negative electrical charge, and so as to cause the secondary electron coefficient of final test, there are errors；When the secondary electricity that the last time tests out
When son is greater than primary electron, material surface has accumulated positive charge to can also cause the secondary electron coefficient of final test to exist and miss
Difference.In order to eliminate surface charge accumulation, test macro introduces the first composite electron rifle and the second composite electron rifle, and two compound
Electron gun is controlled by trigger.Under the cooperation of measurement electron gun and composite electron rifle, the electric current I of secondary electron generationSWith
The current signal I that sample to be tested releasesDCurve is tested tries out respectively, and then passes through the aging shape of the curve assessment sample to be tested
Condition.
The degree of aging of sample is embodied directly in the depth of its rough surface, hole and hole, density situation, while with
Its surface of the aging of sample and internal trap can also increase, and cause the electronics for being incident on specimen surface is captured to form sky in this way
Between charge probability increase and with specimen surface collision energy decay increase, so as to cause the secondary electron for being collected into collector
Reduce.Therefore the ageing state on sample to be tested surface can be evaluated by the size of secondary electron.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1, the composite insulator ageing properties test method of the invention based on space charge effect uses separate unit
Design, pilot system mainly by temperature control unit, vacuum control unit, secondary electron coefficient test cell, surface gas at
Divide test cell and motion control unit composition.Main control computer is connected to by unified interface between five units, is passed through
LabVIEW software is controlled.
2, the present invention can measure simultaneously the secondary electron of sample to be tested surface emitting and primary electron is incident on sample to be tested
The current signal released.
3, since the secondary electron and primary electron of insulator specimen surface to be measured transmitting are incident on sample to be tested and release
Current signal it is very faint, pilot system that the present invention designs is using the metal vacuum cavity of ground connection as test space ring
Border, the influence this avoid external electromagnetic field and space charge to measurement.
4, the present invention passes through the ingredient of surface gas composition test unit testing sample to be tested adsorption gas, to be
Specimen surface aging due to caused by creeping discharge provides theory analysis foundation.
5, the real pilot system of the present invention passes through multiple turn of piezoelectric property, Macromolecular motion of test insulator sample to be measured
Change, thermoelectricity constant, dielectric constant, secondary electron yield assess the ageing properties of composite insulator, to find compound
Insulator there are the problem of, in time find insulator existing for hidden danger, take counter-measure in advance.It is simultaneously isolator material
The improvement of energy and the development of Novel insulator material provide test direction.
6, the present invention is based on the composite insulator ageing properties pilot systems of space charge effect to pass through one side to compound exhausted
The heating of edge sample measures on one side.Since the micro-parameter of the charged particle in material is different, being easy for will be in material
Various different activation energy and the charged particle of slack time separate, so as to find out respective parameter.Examination is tested out simultaneously
The secondary electron yield of sample surface at different temperatures.It is compound exhausted to obtain by carrying out analysis to the parameter tested out
The ageing state of edge sample.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system based on space charge effect of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 indicates the charge transport schematic model in secondary and dielectric of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application be can be combined with each other.
Following detailed description is exemplary explanation, it is intended to provide further be described in detail to the present invention.Unless another
It indicates, all technical terms of the present invention contain with the normally understood of the application one of ordinary skill in the art
Justice is identical.Term used in the present invention is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to limit according to the present invention
Illustrative embodiments.
Refering to Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of composite insulator ageing properties test based on space charge effect
System, comprising: vacuum cavity 1, vacuum control unit 2, temperature control unit 3, secondary electron test cell 4, motion control list
Member 5 and surface gas composition test unit 6 form.
Vacuum control unit 2, including the prime molecular pump, rear class ionic pump and vacuum meter being installed on vacuum cavity 1, three
Person cooperates the vacuum degree for controlling vacuum cavity 1.
Temperature control unit 3, including the temperature sensor, heater 30 and deep cooling machine 31 being installed on vacuum cavity 1；With
In the temperature for controling and monitoring vacuum cavity 1.
Secondary electron test cell 4, including electronics generation system and secondary electron test macro are used for and motion control list
The measurement of secondary electron is completed in 5 cooperation of member.Motion control unit 5 includes straight line sample feeding mechanism 51 and rotating mechanism 52.
Electronics generation system is made of test electron gun 40, composite electron rifle 41, composite electron rifle 42 and trigger 43.
Secondary electron test macro is by collector 7, DC power supply 8, coaxial connector 9, signal amplifier 10, oscillograph
11, electrometer 12 and time synchronization trigger 13 are constituted.Collector 7 is hemispherical metal electrode, is set to vacuum cavity 1
In.Test electron gun 40, composite electron rifle 41 and composite electron rifle 42 are installed on the collector 7 at 1 top of vacuum cavity, test
Face sample to be tested, composite electron rifle 41 and the inclination of composite electron rifle 42 are installed on test electron gun 40 to electron gun 40 straight down
Two sides；43 connecting test electron gun 40 of trigger, composite electron rifle 41 and composite electron rifle 42, for triggering three's work.It receives
The top center of collector 7 is fixed on vacuum cavity 1 by coaxial connection unit, and coaxial connection unit is swingle, connection
Rotating mechanism 52 can drive collector 7 to rotate under the drive of rotating mechanism 52.Rotating mechanism 52 be rotating electric machine or by
The gear drive of external motor driving.
The anode connection collector 7 of DC power supply 8, the cathode of DC power supply 8 passes sequentially through coaxial connector 9, signal is put
Big device 10 connects oscillograph 11；Electrometer 12 connects the specimen holder 101 of 1 bottom of vacuum cavity setting；Time synchronization trigger 13
Electrometer 12 and oscillograph 11 are connected, for triggering the two work simultaneously.
After sample to be tested 100 is placed on the specimen holder 101 of 1 bottom of vacuum cavity, the Vacuum door of vacuum cavity 1 is closed,
Vacuum cavity 1 is vacuumized by vacuum control unit 2, molecular pump is first turned on and carries out forvacuum, wait until vacuum meter
The vacuum degree tested out drops to 10-6Molecular pump is closed when torr, opens ionic pump, and observation vacuum meter waits until that vacuum degree drops to
10-7Start the measurement of secondary electron when torr.Specimen holder 101 is copper sheet, and the probe of deep cooling machine 31 and the probe of electrometer 11 are same
When be connected on specimen holder 101；Sample feeding mechanism 51 is magnetic force motorized rails.Specimen holder 101 is set to the magnetic of 1 bottom of vacuum cavity
On power motorized rails, the energization of sample feeding mechanism 51 can control specimen holder 101 and drive sample electronic along magnetic force in 1 bottom of vacuum cavity
Guide rail movement.
When secondary electron is tested, sample to be tested 100 is moved to by the sample feeding mechanism 51 in motion control unit 5 first
(drive sample to be tested 100 mobile by the way that specimen holder 101 is mobile other than collector 7；Collector 7 uses hemispherical metal, diameter
Less than vacuum cavity 1 length and there are a distances between specimen holder 101, here other than refer to hemispherical metal
Other than collector 7.), and collector 7 is rotated to by the original present position of sample to be tested 100 by rotating mechanism 52, it opens at this time
The electron beam of measurement electron gun 40, the 5mm-20mm generated is incident on collector 7, by being connected on collector 7
Oscillograph 11 tests out primary current IP, to be calibrated to 40 parameter of measurement electron gun.In order to exclude incident beam
Influence of the energy to measurement result, measurement electron gun 40 emit incident beam every 20eV increase since 0eV, each
Energy is corresponding to measure corresponding primary electron electric current I by collector 7PAnd it records.It is calibrated under different beam energies
Measurement electron gun is closed after complete measurement electron gun 40, by rotating mechanism 52 and sample feeding mechanism 51 respectively by collector 7 and to be measured
Sample 100 is moved to initial position, is then keeping setting parameter and measurement primary electron electric current IPIt opens under the same conditions
Measurement electron gun 40 starts to measure secondary electron.One is applied with by DC power supply 8 in order to improve measurement accuracy on collector 7
Primary electron is incident on the secondary electricity that 100 surface emitting of sample to be tested goes out by the DC voltage of a 10V, the electric field generated by it
It is sub all to collect on collector 7, and secondary current I is tested out by the oscillograph 11 in measuring systemSIt is to be measured to assess
The aging performance on 100 surface of sample.
Composite electron rifle 41 and 42 is closed according to the size of the preceding secondary electron electric current once tested out and primary electron electric current
It is to judge to open which composite electron rifle and (open when the last time, the secondary current that tests out was greater than primary current compound
Electron gun 41 generates electronics and otherwise opens the generation of composite electron rifle 42 cation), to eliminate 100 surface charge of sample to be tested
Accumulate the influence to final measurement.Aging performance inside sample for further evaluation, incident electron be incident on to
Sample to be tested 100 is cooled to -90 DEG C rapidly by deep cooling machine 31 behind 100 surface of test specimens, then opens temperature control unit 3
It is slowly warming up to 80 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min of speed and sample to be tested 100 is recorded by the electrometer 8 in measuring system and discharge
Current signal I outD, by current signal IDAnalysis so that assess sample to be tested 100 inside aging performance.Carry out
It is finished later with secondary electron measurement through the quadrupole rod mass spectrum in surface gas composition test unit 6 before primary electron measurement
Instrument measures the gas componant on 100 surface of sample to be tested, is theory analysis sample by analysis surface gas componant
Aging provides gas data foundation.
As shown in Fig. 2, the charge transport schematic model in secondary and dielectric.In the model, with multiple
The aggravation of insulator sample aging is closed, trap level increases, and trapped carrier is increasingly during escape on one side
The constraint that difficulty catches needs more energy in other words to be detached from trap, thus inhibits the generation of electron avalanche, from
And improve flashover voltage.On the other hand, with the intensification of trap, carrier once will be increasingly difficult to be detached from by trap capture
Trap constraint forms space charge center to accumulate more charge, and region locating for space charge is seriously polarized, when
Once certain charge, which moves back trapization necessarily, leads to the process of depolarization of medium, releases a large amount of energy by external disturbance
Amount causes sunkenization of moving back of charge around to occur, that will occur as snowslide, so that flashover occur and then influence insulator
It works normally.Simultaneously with the Ageing of Insulators, the thickness of the double-deck charge of dielectric material surface becomes larger and then secondary electron
Generation becomes difficult.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can pass through the embodiment party of other essence without departing from its spirit or essential feature
Case is realized.Therefore, embodiment disclosed above, in all respects are merely illustrative, not the only.Institute
Have within the scope of the present invention or is included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system based on space charge effect characterized by comprising vacuum cavity
(1), vacuum control unit (2), temperature control unit (3), secondary electron test cell (4) and motion control unit (5)；
Vacuum control unit (2), for controlling the vacuum degree of vacuum cavity (1)；
Temperature control unit (3), for controling and monitoring vacuum cavity (1)) temperature；
Secondary electron test cell (4), for completing sample to be tested in vacuum cavity (1) with motion control unit (5) cooperation
The measurement of secondary electron.
2. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 1 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, vacuum control unit (2) includes prime molecular pump, rear class ionic pump and the vacuum meter being installed on vacuum cavity (1).
3. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 1 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, temperature control unit (3) includes temperature sensor, heater (30) and the deep cooling machine being installed on vacuum cavity (1)
(31)。
4. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 1 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, secondary electron test cell (4) includes electronics generation system and secondary electron test macro；
Electronics generation system includes test electron gun (40), the first composite electron rifle (41), the second composite electron rifle (42) and touching
It sends out device (43)；
Motion control unit (5) includes sample feeding mechanism (51) and rotating mechanism (52)；
Secondary electron test macro includes collector (7), DC power supply (8), coaxial connector (9), signal amplifier (10), shows
Wave device (11), electrometer (12) and time synchronization trigger (13)；
Collector (7) is hemispherical metal electrode, is set in vacuum cavity (1)；Test electron gun (40), the first composite electron
Rifle (41), the second composite electron rifle (42) are installed on the collector (7) in vacuum cavity (1), and test electron gun (40) is vertical
Downward face sample to be tested, the first composite electron rifle (41) and the inclination of the second composite electron rifle (42) are installed on test electron gun
(40) two sides；Trigger (43) connecting test electron gun (40), the first composite electron rifle (41), the second composite electron rifle (42),
For triggering three's work；The top center of collector (7) is mounted on vacuum cavity (1) by coaxial connection unit, coaxially
Connection unit connection traversing mechanism (52) can drive collector (7) to rotate under the drive of rotating mechanism (52)；
Vacuum cavity (1) bottom is equipped with specimen holder (101), and sample to be tested is placed on specimen holder (101)；
Anode connection collector (7) of DC power supply (8), the cathode of DC power supply (8) pass sequentially through coaxial connector (9), letter
Number amplifier (10) connection oscillograph (11)；Electrometer (12) connects the specimen holder (101) of vacuum cavity (1) bottom setting；When
Between synchronizer trigger (13) connection electrometer (12) and oscillograph (11), work for both triggering simultaneously.
5. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 4 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, specimen holder (101) is copper sheet；Sample feeding mechanism (51) is magnetic force motorized rails；Specimen holder (101) is set to vacuum cavity
(1) on the magnetic force motorized rails of bottom, sample feeding mechanism (51) energization can control specimen holder (101) and drive sample to be tested in vacuum
Cavity (1) bottom is moved along magnetic force motorized rails.
6. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 4 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, further includes the surface gas composition test unit (6) for testing sample to be tested surface gas ingredient.
7. the composite insulator ageing properties pilot system according to claim 6 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, the surface gas composition test unit (6) is quadrupole mass spectrometer.
8. the composite insulator ageing properties test method based on space charge effect, which is characterized in that be based on claim 4 institute
The composite insulator ageing properties pilot system based on space charge effect stated, comprising the following steps:
Firstly, being closed vacuum cavity (1) after sample to be tested (100) is placed on the specimen holder (101) of vacuum cavity (1) bottom
Vacuum door, vacuum cavity (1) carried out being evacuated to vacuum degree by vacuum control unit (2) drop to 10-7It is opened when torr
The measurement of beginning secondary electron；
When secondary electron measures, sample to be tested (100) is moved to by receipts by the sample feeding mechanism (51) in motion control unit (5)
Other than collector (7), collector (7) is then rotated into sample to be tested (100) home position by rotating mechanism (52), is beaten at this time
It opens measurement electron gun (40), the electron beam of a diameter 5mm-20mm of generation is incident on collector (7), is collected by being connected to
Oscillograph (11) on pole (7) tests out primary current IP, to be calibrated to measurement electron gun (40) parameter；Measurement electricity
Sub- rifle (40) emits incident beam every 20eV increase since 0eV, each energy is corresponding to be measured by collector (7)
Corresponding primary electron electric current I outPAnd it records；Measurement electron gun (40) has been calibrated under different beam energies closes survey afterwards
Electron gun is measured, is respectively moved to collector (7) and sample to be tested (100) just by rotating mechanism (52) and sample feeding mechanism (51)
Then beginning position is keeping setting parameter and measurement primary electron electric current IPMeasurement electron gun (40) are opened under the same conditions to open
Begin measurement secondary electron, tests out secondary current I by oscillograph (11)S。
9. the composite insulator ageing properties test method according to claim 8 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, the first composite electron rifle (41) and the second composite electron rifle (42) are according to the preceding secondary electron electric current and one once tested out
The size relation of secondary electronic current come judge be open which composite electron rifle, to eliminate sample to be tested (100) surface charge
Influence of the accumulation to final measurement；
Wherein, the first composite electron rifle (41) is opened when the secondary current that the last time tests out is greater than primary current generate electricity
Otherwise son opens the second composite electron rifle (42) and generates cation.
10. the composite insulator ageing properties test method according to claim 8 based on space charge effect, feature
It is, by temperature control unit (3) rapidly by sample to be tested after incident electron is incident on sample to be tested (100) surface
(100) -90 DEG C are cooled to, be then slowly warming up to 80 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min of speed and records sample to be tested (100) release
Current signal I outD。
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