CN104764708A - Evaluation method for ageing state of composite insulator - Google Patents
Evaluation method for ageing state of composite insulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104764708A CN104764708A CN201410750465.9A CN201410750465A CN104764708A CN 104764708 A CN104764708 A CN 104764708A CN 201410750465 A CN201410750465 A CN 201410750465A CN 104764708 A CN104764708 A CN 104764708A
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for the ageing state of a composite insulator. The method comprises the following steps: selecting the umbrella skirt of an insulator at a high-voltage or medium-voltage side of a string of insulators, taking samples at different positions and slicing the samples into test pieces; taking a middle test piece of the umbrella skirt of an insulator at a low-voltage side as a reference test piece; detecting the ageing degree of each test piece by using Fourier spectrometry and calculating the change rate of the mean values of absorption peaks of test pieces at different directions relative to the reference test piece; and evaluating the ageing degree of the composite insulator according to the change rate. According to the method, the ageing state of the composite insulator is quantitatively analyzed through standardized sampling and evaluating programs; and the method has the characteristics of simple and convenient testing and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to insulator technology field, the assessment method of the Ageing of Insulators degree particularly under a kind of high pressure conditions.
Background technology
Along with the development of extra-high voltage project, composite insulator is applied to extra-high voltage electric line more and more.The outer insulating material of composite insulator is organic silicon rubber, along with its problem of aging of the deterioration of the raising of electric pressure, running environment manifests further in operational process.And composite insulator is started late in extra-high voltage project, practical experience is relative with experimental data deficient, and therefore the resisting ageing for long time of composite insulator and the assessment of residual life cause extensive concern as the key issue in extra-high voltage project construction.
First the ageing process of on-the-spot insulator generally exposes aging vestige from some position, and then progressively development is also finally accidents caused.Visible, select test position most important when testing insulator local state, not only affect the science judgment to its ageing state and residual life, and affect testing efficiency, especially for test longer method of testing consuming time.At present, operation maintenance personnel usually adopt when assessing composite insulator ageing state and observe insulator surface situation, test the method such as its surface hydrophobicity and monitoring leakage electric current, these detection methods be subject to subjective factor impact, and test result and site environment relevance larger.Also the laboratory testing analysis of composite insulator can be carried out, to obtain the more accurate abundant information of its ageing state of reflection, for the follow-up disposal of insulator provides guidance.Describe in the determination methods of patent 201210020472.4 composite insulator umbrella skirt aging and cut into slices at the diverse location of full skirt, thermally stimulated current TCS test is carried out to section, by the defect condition assessment aging degree of umbrella skirt feature of full skirt inside.But this methods experiment conditional request is high, need certain poling temperature and plan electric field intensity, experimental procedure is complicated, and reality should not be promoted in measuring.When especially carrying out control test, need the known degree of aging of the composite insulator choosing this model or not aged sample as standard, and the model of composite insulator is numerous numerous, between different model, the physicochemical property of full skirt silastic material is different, and general full skirt service time is all at about 10 years, the not aged control sample of same model is difficult to obtain.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the defect overcoming prior art, provides a kind of assessment method of composite insulator ageing state, the ageing state of its energy quantitative test composite insulator, and has the advantages that test is simple and convenient, accuracy is high.
Technical matters of the present invention solves with following technical proposals:
An assessment method for composite insulator ageing state, described method is materialsed from the different parts of composite insulator umbrella skirt and is cut into test piece, utilizes the degree of aging of fourier spectrometer method test strip; Specifically carry out as follows:
Step a, intercept test piece: the insulator umbrella choosing high-pressure side on an insulator string or medium voltage side, materials respectively in the different azimuth of full skirt, sample through-thickness is cut into some test pieces, get the test piece of upper surface as test test piece;
Step b, intercepting are with reference to test piece: materials on low-pressure side insulator umbrella, sample is cut into some test pieces vertically, get the test piece in centre position as reference test piece;
Step c, test sample: carry out the test of fourier spectrometer method to got test piece, detect the corresponding 800cm of each group in silastic material
-1~ 3500cm
-1absorption peak;
The degree of aging of steps d, assessment test piece: averaged by the absorption peak that different azimuth test piece is got by step a institute, is tried to achieve described mean value relative to the rate of change with reference to test piece absorption peak, is assessed the degree of aging of composite insulator by rate of change.
The assessment method of above-mentioned composite insulator ageing state, centered by the plug of insulator umbrella, fan-shaped region, four right angles is equally divided in described step a, a cylindric sample is cut in each region, sample is cut into some test pieces vertically, and the diameter of described test piece is 20mm, thickness 1mm.
The assessment method of above-mentioned composite insulator ageing state, the sample got in described step b is cut into test piece, obtain the upper surface of thickness direction, in upper, middle, in the test piece of lower and lower surface five positions, the test piece of fetch bit in centre position is as with reference to test piece.
The assessment method of above-mentioned composite insulator ageing state, uses washes of absolute alcohol strip before described step c test, then cleans strip with deionized water, put into drying box dry 24h under 303K environment.
The assessment method of above-mentioned composite insulator ageing state, with Si-CH in described steps d
3absorption peak corresponding to group, as basis for estimation, first utilizes the Si-CH in full skirt four orientation
3the mean value of group absorptions peak value, tries to achieve this average relative to reference test piece Si-CH
3the rate of change of group absorptions peak value; According to rate of change, insulator is divided into A, B, C, D tetra-grades by the order that degree of aging increases progressively.
The assessment method of above-mentioned composite insulator ageing state, described rate of change is less than 30% for A level, is more than or equal to 30% and is less than 50% for B level, is more than or equal to 50% and is less than 70% for C level, be more than or equal to 70% for D level.
The present invention adopts FTIR spectrum technology (FTIR), systematically tests, the ageing state of precise evaluation full skirt to the diverse location (high-pressure side, medium voltage side and low-pressure side) of composite insulator umbrella skirt, the full skirt sample of different azimuth.Described detection method only needs a small amount of sample and simple to operation, and can carry out quantitative test to eliminate human factor, accuracy is high.
When using the degree of aging of conventional method test compound insulator, because the formula of each model silastic material is different, their infrared spectrum peak value is also different, therefore needs to use not aged new full skirt to carry out control test.But be to locate the reference sample of the composite insulator of Long-Time Service and be not easy, and being divided into multiple different model due to composite insulator, it is unpractical for retaining a large amount of reference sample during test, and when scene is tested, this situation is especially outstanding.The present invention adopts and materialses in the low-pressure side of composite insulator umbrella skirt, and the reference sample using the middle test piece of this sample as its original formulation state of reflection, thus avoid often test a sample the not aged full skirt of same model all will be found as reference, simplify running program during test, solve in control test the problem being difficult to obtain control sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sampling schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the FTIR spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 insulator umbrella different depth;
Fig. 3 is the FTIR spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 insulator A high-pressure side full skirt;
Fig. 4 is the FTIR spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 insulator A medium voltage side full skirt.
In figure, each list of reference numerals is: a, plug, b, full skirt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Step a, get test piece: as shown in Figure 1, in the high-pressure side of an insulator string, middle pressure survey and low-pressure side select respectively three insulator umbrellas (namely an insulator string middle distance hi-line position nearest be high-pressure side, distance high-voltage line position farthest be low-pressure side, the centre position between high-pressure side and low-pressure side full skirt is medium voltage side).The insulator umbrella that high-pressure side or middle pressure are surveyed is equally divided into fan-shaped region, four right angles centered by plug, in each region, cuts the cylindric sample of a diameter 20mm respectively.Chopper and slicer is used sample to be cut into vertically several thin slices as test piece, the diameter 20mm of each test piece, thickness 1mm.The thickness uniformity of test piece is required during test, thus the deviation that reduction thickness of test piece causes test result.Be numbered test piece according to following principle: high-pressure side is designated as H, medium voltage side is designated as M, and low-pressure side is designated as L; Upper surface is labeled as U, and lower surface is labeled as B; Four orientation are designated as 1,2,3,4 respectively.Such as, A-H-U-1 refers to No. 1 test piece of insulator A high-pressure side upper surface, and A-M-B-1 is No. 1 test piece of insulator A medium voltage side lower surface.The upper surface test piece of getting four orientation of high-pressure side or medium voltage side insulator umbrella detects as sample.
Step b, reference test piece: the full skirt (degree of aging is minimum in an insulator string) getting an insulator string low-pressure side, materials according to the method for step a and cut into slices, obtain the upper surface of thickness direction, in upper, middle, in the test piece of lower and lower surface five positions, the thickness of each test piece is 1mm.Get test piece that thickness direction mediates as its virgin state with reference to sample.
Using the reference sample of the middle test piece on insulator umbrella thickness direction as its original formulation state of reflection, its reason is impel aging factor all to act on surface of composite insulator, relatively little on the impact of full skirt inside.Along with the increase of distance full skirt case depth, the degree of aging of test piece reduces, and wherein, the altered chemical structure of test piece is minimum, close to not aged new test piece.Such as surface of composite insulator electric discharge is one of aging action, but its charged particle produced is main and surperficial full skirt molecule collides.And for example full skirt upper surface is comparatively large by the impact of the radiation of sunshine medium ultraviolet, and ultraviolet wavelength in sunshine is very short, and penetration power is very little, little to sample internal influence.For another example as the electric field of one of short aging action, the specific inductive capacity of silicon rubber is greater than the specific inductive capacity of air, and in the circuit that air and full skirt are composed in series, the electric field intensity of air part is greater than the electric field intensity of full skirt, therefore compared with full skirt surface field, full skirt internal electric intensity sharply declines.
Step c, test sample:
Use the surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to above-mentioned got test piece to clean, then with deionized water, strip is cleaned, put into drying box dry 24h under 303K environment.
Detect to got test piece with reference to test piece, utilize fourier spectrometer method to detect the silicon rubber degree of aging of each test piece, detect the corresponding 800cm of each group in silastic material
-1~ 3500cm
-1absorption peak.The main chain of silastic material is made up of Si-O-Si, and side chain is made up of methyl.Therefore the group of reflection backbone breaking situation is characteristic absorption peak wave number is 1000cm
-1~ 1100cm
-1si-O-Si; The group of reflection side chain crack conditions has wave number to be 1260cm
-1si-CH
3.
The degree of aging of steps d, assessment test piece:
Entry evaluation: because ultraviolet and corona aging all can destroy this group, therefore surveys the upper surface Si-CH of insulator umbrella with high-pressure side or middle pressure
3absorbance corresponding to group is as the basis for estimation of degree of aging.According to absorbance, degree of aging is divided into A, B, C, D tetra-grades.
System evaluation: by the absorbance of got diverse location sample and with reference to the degree of aging carrying out precise evaluation composite insulator compared with test piece, namely calculates the Si-CH that high-pressure side or middle pressure survey insulator umbrella upper surface four orientation
3the mean value of the absorbance that group is corresponding, and try to achieve this absorbance values relative to the rate of change with reference to test piece Si-CH3 group absorbance.Degree of aging is divided into A, B, C, D tetra-grades by the numerical value according to rate of change.
Embodiment 1
Choose the composite insulator operated on high-tension line, get an insulator umbrella in this insulator low-pressure side, full skirt is chosen the minimum position of surface aging degree and gets cylindric sample, the diameter 20mm of sample, with chopper and slicer to materials and cut the test piece that thickness is 1mm, obtain successively upper surface, in upper, middle, in the test piece of lower and lower surface five positions.Get the new product sample in contrast of above-mentioned composite insulator simultaneously, cut test piece.Utilize Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to carry out burn-in test to the sample of different depth full skirt, result as shown in Figure 2 and Table 1.
The FTIR spectrogram wave number of table 1, the test piece of full skirt different depth
| Position | C-H | Si-CH3 | Si-O-Si | Si-(CH3)2 |
| Upper surface | 0.0021 | 0.0533 | 0.1407 | 0.1406 |
| In on | 0.0406 | 0.1549 | 0.3131 | 0.3119 |
| Middle | 0.0732 | 0.2716 | 0.8324 | 0.7687 |
| In under | 0.0444 | 0.2035 | 0.3693 | 0.3663 |
| Lower surface | 0.0022 | 0.0731 | 0.1768 | 0.1768 |
From table, data can find, in the middle of full skirt, the infrared spectrum absorpting peak of test piece is maximum, Si-O-Si, Si (CH of upper surface and lower surface test piece
3)
2and Si-CH
3the comparatively middle test piece of the absorption peak that group is corresponding declines more, and upper surface fall is more remarkable.This result shows that the chemical constitution on full skirt surface there occurs larger change.
Embodiment 2
Choose certain producer and run on the composite insulator A of about 10 years on the kV circuit of Modern Agriculture in Hebei Coastal Region 220 as research object.
Step a gets test piece: get composite insulator A high-pressure side and medium voltage side full skirt, full skirt is equally divided into centered by plug fan-shaped region, four right angles, cuts the cylindric sample of a diameter 20mm in each region with sampling equipment.And use chopper and slicer sample to be cut into vertically the test piece of several thickness 1mm.Get the upper surface test piece of each sample as test piece to be tested.
A set of being applicable to is adopted to sample the equipment of on-the-spot composite insulator umbrella skirt sample preparation, described equipment is the sampling thief and slicing mechanism introduced in a kind of silicon rubber compound insulator degree of aging of patent 201310341441.3 title detection method, utilize the cylindric sample that sampling thief can obtain from insulator umbrella, cylindric sample section is obtained laminar test piece by slicing mechanism.
Step b gets with reference to test piece: materials on composite insulator A low-pressure side full skirt, cuts the test piece in sample centre position as reference test piece.
Step c test sample: use absolute ethyl alcohol to clean above-mentioned got each strip, then with deionized water, specimen surface to be cleaned, after put into drying box dry 24h under 303K environment.
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is utilized to carry out burn-in test to sample.The test result of high-pressure side full skirt FTIR is as shown in Fig. 3 and table 2.
Table 2 high-pressure side full skirt upper surface different azimuth FTIR spectrogram wave number
| Position | C-H | Si-CH3 | Si-O-Si | Si-(CH3)2 |
| A-H-U-1 | 0.0084 | 0.0266 | 0.1627 | 0.1453 |
| A-H-U-2 | 0.0097 | 0.0418 | 0.2057 | 0.1888 |
| A-H-U-3 | 0.029 | 0.1108 | 0.4501 | 0.3952 |
| A-H-U-4 | 0.0278 | 0.07 | 0.3327 | 0.3172 |
| Mean value | 0.0187 | 0.0623 | 0.2878 | 0.2616 |
| With reference to test piece | 0.0749 | 0.2704 | 0.8204 | 0.7671 |
| Rate of change | 77% | 65% |
The test result of medium voltage side full skirt FTIR is as shown in Fig. 4 and table 3.
Table 3 medium voltage side full skirt upper surface different azimuth FTIR spectrogram wave number
| Position | C-H | Si-CH3 | Si-O-Si | Si-(CH3)2 |
| A-M-U-1 | 0.0119 | 0.0285 | 0.1884 | 0.1713 |
| A-M-U-2 | 0.0199 | 0.0439 | 0.3079 | 0.2787 |
| A-M-U-3 | 0.0316 | 0.1175 | 0.5092 | 0.4287 |
| A-M-U-4 | 0.0261 | 0.0736 | 0.4637 | 0.3886 |
| Mean value | 0.0223 | 0.0658 | 0.3202 | 0.3168 |
| With reference to test piece | 0.0749 | 0.2704 | 0.8204 | 0.7671 |
| Rate of change | 75% | 61% |
The sample of insulator umbrella different parts same orientation, its FTIR spectrogram is similar rule, and namely the absorption peak of 1 orientation sample is minimum, and the absorption peak of 3 orientation samples is the highest, and the absorption peak in 2 orientation and 4 orientation falls between.This illustrates that the aging of insulator umbrella different parts has unevenness, but for same insulator string same orientation, its aging rule has relative stability.High-pressure side full skirt aging comparatively obvious is medium voltage side and low-pressure side afterwards successively, and along with this phenomenon of raising of working voltage grade more remarkable.
The degree of aging of steps d, assessment test piece
The high-pressure side Si-CH of insulator umbrella A
3fTIR absorption peak average be 0.0623, its rate of change is 77%, middle pressure survey absorption peak average be 0.0658, rate of change is 75%, and both are all greater than 70% by rate of change, and this full skirt belongs to D level serious aging.
Claims (6)
1. an assessment method for composite insulator ageing state, is characterized in that, materialses and be cut into test piece from the different parts of composite insulator umbrella skirt, utilizes the degree of aging of fourier spectrometer method test strip, specifically carries out as follows:
Step a, intercept test piece: the insulator umbrella choosing high-pressure side on an insulator string or medium voltage side, materials respectively in the different azimuth of full skirt, sample through-thickness is cut into some test pieces, get the test piece of upper surface as test test piece;
Step b, intercepting are with reference to test piece: materials on low-pressure side insulator umbrella, sample is cut into some test pieces vertically, get the test piece in centre position as reference test piece;
Step c, test sample: carry out the test of fourier spectrometer method to got test piece, detect the corresponding 800cm of each group in silastic material
-1~ 3500cm
-1absorption peak;
The degree of aging of steps d, assessment test piece: averaged by the absorption peak that different azimuth test piece is got by step a institute, is tried to achieve described mean value relative to the rate of change with reference to test piece absorption peak, is assessed the degree of aging of composite insulator by rate of change.
2. the assessment method of composite insulator ageing state according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step a, the region that four right angles are fan-shaped is equally divided into centered by the plug of insulator umbrella, a cylindric sample is cut in each region, sample is cut into some test pieces vertically, and the diameter of described test piece is 20mm, thickness 1mm.
3. the assessment method of composite insulator ageing state according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step b, intercepted sample is cut into test piece, obtain the upper surface of thickness direction, in upper, middle, in the test piece of lower and lower surface five positions, the test piece of fetch bit in centre position is as with reference to test piece.
4. the assessment method of composite insulator ageing state according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step c, before test, use washes of absolute alcohol strip, with deionized water, strip is cleaned again, put into drying box dry 24h under 303K environment.
5. the assessment method of composite insulator ageing state according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described steps d, with Si-CH
3absorption peak corresponding to group, as basis for estimation, first utilizes the Si-CH in full skirt four orientation
3the mean value of group absorptions peak value, tries to achieve this average relative to reference test piece Si-CH
3the rate of change of group absorptions peak value; According to rate of change, insulator is divided into A, B, C, D tetra-grades by the order that degree of aging increases progressively.
6. the assessment method of composite insulator ageing state according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described rate of change is less than 30% for A level, is more than or equal to 30% and is less than 50% for B level, is more than or equal to 50% and is less than 70% for C level, be more than or equal to 70% for D level.
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