CN110115215B - High-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds, which is characterized in that mycelia of fungi wrap gastrodia elata harvested in 11-12 months in the first year and Yuanyue in the second year; preserving at 2-5 deg.C, and performing bolting, flowering, pollination and fruiting at 20-25 deg.C in the middle 6 th month of the next year to obtain Gastrodia elata capsule; and (4) sowing and managing the gastrodia elata capsules from late 7 to middle 8, and germinating the seeds into protocorms or mima. The seed ramie cultivated by the method is all medium and large white ramie seeds or super high-quality white ramie seeds. The commercial gastrodia elata hemp cultivated by the hemp is high in quality, high in yield and stable in yield. Fully utilizes or saves limited and precious wood resources, and has remarkable ecological, economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds.
Background
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (G.elata. Blf. elata) and rhizoma Gastrodiae (G.elata. Bl. glaucd S.chow) are the two "current-family varieties" with the longest cultivation history and the largest cultivation area in China. Gastrodia elata Blume is naturally distributed in the southwest Yunyun noble plateau and the northeast, and is limited to the mountain area more than 1500 meters in the Yangtze river basin. The production and sales amount only accounts for 20 percent of the market share. More than 80% of the production and sales are red gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata Blume is widely distributed in mountainous areas with the altitude of 700 and 1500 meters. Compared with Gastrodia elata Blume, it has high yield, strong ability of differentiating growth, but poor quality. Firstly, the hemp shape is long and not strong. Secondly, the dry-removing rate is low, in particular to the dry-removing rate of the third-grade and fourth-grade ramie. Thirdly, the content of gastrodine as the main medicinal component is lower than that of gastrodia elata. Therefore, the improvement of the production quality of the red gastrodia elata has important economic value and more important ecological and scientific significance.
Xujintang (Xujintang, China Gastrodia elata cultivation [ M ]. 1 st edition, Beijing: Beijing medical university, China cooperative medical university United Press, 1993, 66) observed that the first generation life history of Gastrodia elata from seed to seed was 24 months, three years in the course of time and season, 17 months in the course of time from seed to formation of Juma, and two years in the course of time and season.
During the growth and development of gastrodia tuber, protocorm, Miyama and Baima are used as seeds for propagation to form gastrodia tuber. The source of the rice-flax and the white-flax is two, namely, the first generation of rice-flax and white-flax seeds formed by sowing the seeds of the gastrodia elata for 6-18 months are used for producing the first generation of the rice-flax and the white-flax seeds, namely the sexual-seed flax. The second is to produce asexual seed ramie with the first generation of rice ramie and white ramie and the seeds of the rice ramie and white ramie which are more than two generations after planting. After 2000, people mainly use sexual seed ramie to breed or produce kenaf. In general, the length of the rice hemp is less than 2cm, the weight of the rice hemp is less than 2g, most of the rice hemp can not form arrow hemp in one production season after sowing, and even if arrow hemp is formed, the weight of the rice hemp is only about 100 g. The length of the white ramie is 2-11cm, the weight is 3-50g, the arrowroot can be basically formed in 12 months in one production season after sowing, and the weight of the arrowroot is about 150-450 g.
The problems and practical situations faced in the production today are:
1. before and after the nineties of the last century, 17 months are spent between the production and growth of gastrodia elata seeds. Namely, at the natural temperature, the gastrodia elata blooms and fruits, the seeds are ripe in 6-7 months, the gastrodia elata seeds are sown, and the gastrodia elata is dug in 10-11 months in the next year, so that 60-70% of gastrodia elata can be obtained, and 30-40% of gastrodia elata is planted. The cultivation method is that the seeds are not turned in the midway and are dug in the second year or the third year, namely, the commercial seeds and the same seeds are dug together. The cultivation method is successful from the sexual reproduction of the gastrodia elata, namely, the cultivation method is used from 1970 to about 2000. This production method can not deny the success because it is a brilliant achievement in the scientific discovery or development history of Gastrodia elata. However, due to the progress of modern science and the requirement of production development, the production method can not develop the industry of the gastrodia elata rapidly, well and economically, and can not produce high-quality commodity ramie and seed ramie in the maximum benefit. After 2000 years, the temperature is raised 1-2 months ahead of time when people cultivate the gastrodia elata fruits and seeds; or breeding at a place with a low altitude of about 200 m. Therefore, the seeds of the gastrodia elata can be harvested and sowed 1-2 months in advance. Namely, the seeds are sown in 4-5 months, and the seeds can form and develop into small and medium white ramie by 10-11 months in the next year by the factors of global warming and massive application of germinant bacteria. Only a very small amount of rice hemp is left. Therefore, people specially cultivate the rhizoma gastrodiae in the mode for cultivating the commercial rhizoma gastrodiae, and most of the rhizoma gastrodiae seeds form the rhizoma gastrodiae by 10-11 months in the next year.
2. After 2000 years, the cultivation time of the seed hemp is short, and is only 6-7 months (5 months to 11 months in the year). The cultivated seed ramie is mostly small and medium white ramie. About 130 of 1kg of seeds. I.e. each hemp is between 8 and 10 g. The medium white hemp (10-20 g) and the big white hemp (20-50 g) are very few. The first-grade and the special-grade arrow ramie cultivated by the seed ramie are few, most arrow ramie is the second-grade and third-grade arrow ramie, namely, one arrow ramie is about 150 to 300 grams in weight. The production mode of the seed ramie is that the cultivation goal of realizing high quality, high yield and stable yield is to a certain extent that the yield is not as high as the yield rate!
3. In high altitude mountain areas (more than 1600 m), gastrodia seeds are sown after being mature in the late 7 th to the early 8 th months, the seeds germinate to 9 months, the seeds can only form millet mush even when being inoculated with armillaria mellea in the current year, even the original corms overwinter, if good nutritional concerns can be established with the armillaria mellea in the next year, the seeds can only grow into white mush in the current year, the gastrodia seeds grow in the third year, and the sprouts and the seeds grow in the fourth year, and the life history can only be completed in 36 months.
4. The red gastrodia tuber is distributed in the natural area at the altitude of 700-1400 m, seedlings emerge at the bottom of 5 months at the natural temperature, fruits mature in 6 months, the seeds can grow into the rice hemp and the white hemp after being sowed and grown for three months of 7, 8 and 9, and most of the red gastrodia tuber develops into the arrow hemp in the next year of 10 and 11 months. If the seeds are sowed earlier at the place with the altitude of more than 1600 m, namely the red gastrodia elata seeds are sowed at the beginning of 6 months and 7 months, half of the seeds form the arugula indica seeds and the other half of the seeds form the seed ramie, namely the medium and large white ramie seeds, in the next year of 10 months and 11 months. The method is not suitable for cultivating the Juglans mandshurica or the Juglans mandshurica.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seed hemp, which utilizes fungus mycelia to inhibit the growth of various moulds on the epidermis of the gastrodia elata and prevent rotten hemp on the one hand, and also keeps the gastrodia elata fresh (by using other preservation substances, namely soil, river sand and the like, which are not ideal) with excellent moisture retention performance of the mycelia on the other hand. On the other hand, the red gastrodia elata is preserved in an environment of 2-5 ℃ by regulating and controlling the red gastrodia elata by using a photoelectric regulation and control technology. Cultivating the gastrodia elata fruits at the bottom of 7 months, in the middle of 8 months and in the last ten days, sowing the gastrodia elata fruits at a place with a height higher than 1600 m by using germination bacteria and armillaria mellea, and growing and developing the gastrodia elata seeds into medium white ramie seeds (each ramie weighs 15-30 g) and large white ramie seeds (each ramie weighs about 40 g) in the next 10-11 months. Thereby completing and perfecting a high-quality and high-yield seed production technology for gastrodia elata seeds.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: the mycelia of the fungi wrap the rhizoma Gastrodiae collected in 11-12 months in the first year and Yuanyue in the second year;
s2: preserving at 2-5 deg.C, and performing bolting, flowering, pollination and fruiting at 20-25 deg.C in the middle 6 th month of the next year to obtain Gastrodia elata capsule;
s3: s2 the capsule of Gastrodia elata Blume is sowed in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the month, managed and the seeds are germinated into protocorms or Mima.
Preferably, the fungus mycelia of the step S1 are fungus mycelia of trametes lactinea, stropharia japonica, pleurotus ostreatus, shiitake mushroom, poria cocos, black fungus, pleurotus eryngii, stropharia rugoso-annulata, hericium erinaceus or mushroom.
Further preferably, the culture medium adopted in the step S1 of culturing the fungal mycelium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75-82 parts of sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts of white sugar and 60-65 parts of water.
Preferably, in step S1: the specific method for wrapping the rhizoma gastrodiae and the ambary collected in 12 months in the first year by the fungal mycelia comprises the following steps: after a layer of fungal mycelium is scattered on the bottom of the box, a layer of arrow hemp is placed, the interval between the arrow hemp is 0.5-0.8cm, the gap between each arrow hemp is filled with the fungal mycelium, and a plurality of layers are placed in such a way that each arrow hemp is wrapped by the fungal mycelium.
Preferably, in step S1: the thickness of a layer of fungal mycelium sprinkled on the bottom of the box is 1-1.5 cm.
Preferably, in step S1: the rhizoma Gastrodiae is rhizoma Gastrodiae with weight more than or equal to 150g, no wound, no disease, no insect spot, and plump bud.
Preferably, in step S2: when the mycelium grows white, preserving at 2-5 deg.C.
Preferably, in step S3: the elevation of the sowing place is 1600-2000 m. Because the gastrodia seeds are sown at the bottom of 7 months and in the beginning of 8 months in the lower sea (1000-.
Preferably, in step S3: the sowing mode is that sowing is carried out in a three-nest mode, namely, according to a square meter, 25-30kg of coarse bacterial materials (with the diameter of 6-10 cm), 5-6kg of bacterial materials (with the diameter of 2-4cm), 8-10 capsules of gastrodia elata, 0.8-1 kg of armillaria mellea strains and 0.6-0.9kg of germination strains are carried out, and sowing is carried out.
Preferably, in step S3: the management method comprises the following specific steps: managing according to Gastrodia elata production technical regulation in 8-12 months in the second year and 1-9 months in the third year; digging seed hemp (20-40 g) for 10-11 months in the third year, and culturing commercial rhizoma Gastrodiae.
The method can also be used for seed production of gastrodia elata or hybrid gastrodia elata or green gastrodia elata.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the temperature control technology and the fungus mycelium preservation arrow fiber flax technology can keep the arrow fiber flax in a fresh state, namely a living body life state, in a low-temperature environment for a long time (about 12 months). The technology changes the growth habit of the natural phenology of the gastrodia elata, so that the gastrodia elata can bloom in spring and summer and can also bloom and bear fruits in autumn and winter. The growth cycle of the gastrodia elata can be regulated and controlled from the growth cycle of the gastrodia elata, the bolting, the flowering, the seed growing and the white ramie, and the gastrodia elata can be fixed in any time or season. The method has important theoretical significance in breeding and has innovation and practicability in production practice.
2. The fungus mycelia are utilized to inhibit the growth of various moulds on the epidermis of the gastrodia elata, prevent and treat rotten gastrodia elata, and the gastrodia elata is preserved in a fresh and living state (the gastrodia elata is not ideal by using other preservation substances such as soil, river sand and the like) because the mycelia have excellent moisture retention performance (see fig. 6-7).
2. Half of the seedlings are produced. The method is artificially scientific design, accurately regulates and controls, fully utilizes natural resources, and is characterized in that factors such as light, temperature, qi, heat, substances and the like on the high mountains are more beneficial to the growth and development of the gastrodia elata than those on the middle-low mountains, the growth and development period of the gastrodia elata is greatly prolonged under natural conditions, the time period of only 6-7 months (5 months to 11 months in the current year) for cultivating the gastrodia elata seed hemp in the current production is changed, and the production or growth period of the gastrodia elata seed hemp is prolonged to 15 months (8 months to 10 months in the second year in the current year). Therefore, the vast majority of the cultivated seed ramie is medium and large white ramie and super high-quality seed ramie. The commercial kenaf can be used for producing super grade (about 500 g) or one or two grade (about 400 g) high quality kenaf. The yield per square meter reaches about 8 kg. Since the nineties of the last century, people utilized the three-dimensional altitude climate temperature difference to breed at low altitude (or artificially warm), and the development of the gastrodia elata industry is greatly promoted. It is expected that at present and in the future, the technology of the invention is applied to breeding in high-altitude areas, and the quality of the formed seed hemp is natural and better due to the large temperature difference, low temperature, slow growth, long growth period and long and sufficient accumulation time of nutrient substances in the high-altitude areas. Therefore, the breeding technology can further promote the sustainable, ecological, high-quality and high-efficiency development of the gastrodia elata industry.
3. The cultivation of commercial rhizoma gastrodiae with medium and large white seeds has strong feeding capacity, can fully utilize or save limited and precious wood resources, and has remarkable ecological, economic and social benefits.
4. As the medium and large white ramie go through a cultivation and growth cycle, the arrow ramie, namely the commodity ramie, is mostly formed, the second generation asexual ramie can hardly be generated, and the occurrence or secondary utilization of the bad ramie on production is avoided.
5. The invention is not only suitable for the cultivation method of high quality, high yield and stable yield of the red gastrodia elata seeds, but also suitable for the cultivation or reference of the black gastrodia elata, the hybrid black-red gastrodia elata, the yellow gastrodia elata and the green gastrodia elata seeds planted within the altitude of 1000-2000 meters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the bud stage of Gastrodia elata Blume;
FIG. 2 shows the flowering period of Gastrodia elata;
FIG. 3 shows the fruiting period of Gastrodia elata;
FIG. 4 is a first kind of hemp;
FIG. 5 shows a second kind of hemp;
FIG. 6 is a first arrow labeled Cordycephem of trametes lactiflora mycelium bag ;
FIG. 7 is a second arrow labeled Jute of trametes lactiflora mycelium bag ; wherein, fig. 7a is a schematic view of the arrow bud exposed by the mycelium being raked open, and fig. 7b is a schematic view of the arrow bud exposed by the mycelium being raked open.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope of the examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: the mycelia of the fungi wrap the rhizoma Gastrodiae collected in 11-12 months in the first year and Yuanyue in the second year;
s2: preserving at 2-5 deg.C, and performing bolting, flowering, pollination and fruiting at 20-25 deg.C in the middle 6 th month of the next year to obtain Gastrodia elata capsule;
s3: s2 the capsule of Gastrodia elata Blume is sowed in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the month, managed and the seeds are germinated into protocorms or Mima.
Preferably, the fungus mycelia of the step S1 are fungus mycelia of trametes lactinea, stropharia japonica, pleurotus ostreatus, shiitake mushroom, poria cocos, black fungus, pleurotus eryngii, stropharia rugoso-annulata, hericium erinaceus or mushroom.
Further preferably, the culture medium adopted in the step S1 of culturing the fungal mycelium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75-82 parts of sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 8-12 parts of rice husk, 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts of white sugar and 60-65 parts of water.
Preferably, in step S1: the specific method for wrapping the rhizoma gastrodiae and the ambary collected in 12 months in the first year by the fungal mycelia comprises the following steps: after a layer of fungal mycelium is scattered on the bottom of the box, a layer of arrow hemp is placed, the interval between the arrow hemp is 0.5-0.8cm, the gap between each arrow hemp is filled with the fungal mycelium, and a plurality of layers are placed in such a way that each arrow hemp is wrapped by the fungal mycelium.
Preferably, in step S1: the thickness of a layer of fungal mycelium sprinkled on the bottom of the box is 1-1.5 cm.
Preferably, in step S1: the rhizoma Gastrodiae is rhizoma Gastrodiae with body shape not less than 150g, no wound, no disease, no insect spot, and plump bud.
Preferably, in step S2: when the mycelium grows white, preserving at 2-5 deg.C.
Preferably, in step S3: the elevation of the sowing place is 1600-2000 m.
Preferably, in step S3: the sowing mode is that sowing is carried out in a three-nest mode, namely, according to a square meter, 25-30kg of coarse bacterial materials (with the diameter of 6-10 cm), 5-6kg of bacterial materials (with the diameter of 2-4cm), 8-10 capsules of gastrodia elata, 0.8-1 kg of armillaria mellea strains and 0.6-0.9kg of germination strains are carried out, and sowing is carried out.
Preferably, in step S3: the management method comprises the following specific steps: managing according to Gastrodia elata production technical regulation in 8-12 months in the second year and 1-9 months in the third year; digging seed hemp (20-40 g) for 10-11 months in the third year, and culturing commercial rhizoma Gastrodiae.
The gastrodia elata seeds germinate into protocorms or millet musks from the bottom of 8 months to the beginning of 9 months. Harvesting the seed ramie by the third year in 10-11 months, wherein the harvested seed ramie is all medium and large white ramie seeds or super high-quality white ramie seeds. And (5) cultivating immediately. When the ramie fibers grow into commodity ramie in the fourth year, the first-grade or special-grade commodity ramie accounts for 70 percent or more. Not only is hemp-shaped, stout and full, but also has high dry folding rate. The seed ramie cultivated by the method is all medium and large white ramie seeds or super high-quality white ramie seeds. The commercial gastrodia elata hemp cultivated by the hemp is high in quality, high in yield and stable in yield. Fully utilizes or saves limited and precious wood resources, and has remarkable ecological, economic and social benefits.
Example 2
The method of example 1 is adopted to culture Wuhong hybrid gastrodia elata, and the inventor adopts the method to culture gastrodia elata fruits in Hainan island in 10 months, as shown in figure 1; FIG. 2; fig. 3. The method shows that the rhizoma gastrodiae can be regulated and controlled to grow and develop a cycle from arrow fiber to bolting to flowering to seeding to white fiber to fix the growth and development in any time or season. The method has important theoretical significance in breeding and has innovation and practicability in production practice.
Example 3
By adopting the method of the embodiment 1, the seeds of the gastrodia elata are cultivated in a place with the elevation of 1700 meters (the park, the park and the park in the Changyang county) in 2017 for 25 days in 7 months, the seeds are harvested and dug in 11 months in 2018, the yield of one square meter reaches 7.6kg, and the selling price of 1kg is 90 yuan, which is far higher than the market price. The rhizoma Gastrodiae is shown in figure 4 and figure 5. In the figure 4, only arrow ramie within 150g can be harvested after the seed ramie-small white ramie below the cigarette end is sowed, and 500g of arrow ramie within 450-plus can be harvested after the seed ramie-large white ramie at the bottom is sowed. Upper-large white hemp in FIG. 5; medium-medium white ramie seeds; the next small white ramie species.
Claims (9)
1. A high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the method for wrapping the harvested gastrodia elata by using the mycelium of the fungus comprises the following specific steps: after a layer of fungal mycelium is scattered on the bottom of the box, a layer of arrow hemp is placed, the interval between the arrow hemp is 0.5-0.8cm, the gap between each arrow hemp is filled with the fungal mycelium, and a plurality of layers are placed in such a way, so that each arrow hemp is wrapped by the fungal mycelium;
s2: preserving rhizoma Gastrodiae at 2-5 deg.C, and performing bolting, blooming, pollination, and fruiting at 20-25 deg.C to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule;
s3: and S2, sowing and managing the gastrodia elata capsules, and germinating the seeds into protocorms or rice-flax.
2. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds and hemp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fungus mycelia in step S1 are fungus mycelia of trametes lactinea, stropharia japonica, pleurotus dendrobii, pleurotus ostreatus, shiitake, poria cocos, black fungus, pleurotus eryngii, stropharia rugoso-annulata, hericium erinaceus or mushrooms.
3. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1: the thickness of a layer of fungal mycelium sprinkled on the bottom of the box is 1-1.5 cm.
4. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that S1: the mycelia of the fungi wrap the rhizoma Gastrodiae collected in 11-12 months in the first year and Yuanyue in the second year;
s2: storing rhizoma Gastrodiae at 2-5 deg.C, and performing bolting, blooming, pollination, and fruiting at 20-25 deg.C in the middle 6 th month of the next year to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule;
s3: and (4) sowing the Gastrodia elata capsules obtained in the step (S2) from late 7 to middle 8 of the month, managing, and germinating the seeds into protocorms or Mima.
5. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2: when the mycelium grows white, preserving at 2-5 deg.C.
6. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3: the elevation of the sowing place is 1600-2000 m.
7. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3: the sowing mode is a three-lower-nest mode.
8. The good-quality high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3: the management method comprises the following specific steps: managing according to Gastrodia elata production technical regulation in 8-12 months in the second year and 1-9 months in the third year; digging seed hemp 10-11 months in the third year, and planting the seed hemp for cultivating commercial rhizoma Gastrodiae.
9. The high-quality and high-yield seed production method for gastrodia elata seeds according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the method can also be used for seed production of gastrodia elata or hybrid gastrodia elata with black and red or gastrodia elata or green gastrodia elata.
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| CN106258879A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市曹家沟中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae standardized planting technology |
| CN107173031A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-19 | 金寨县云凡绿色中药材有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma Gastrodiae |
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