CN110060565B

CN110060565B - Celestial globe with horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN110060565B
Application number: CN201910445894.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张国新; 张知博
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-27
Filing date: 2019-05-27
Publication date: 2024-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-27
Also published as: CN110060565A

Abstract

The invention belongs to a science popularization and teaching instrument, and particularly relates to a celestial globe with a horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism. The polar axis and the ground plane model of the celestial globe can be freely, conveniently and quickly installed and adjusted to any geographical latitude needing to be demonstrated along with a meridian, and are universal globally. Because the celestial globe is provided with the horizon altitude ring, the azimuth line, the azimuth angle disk, the zenith vertical line and the like in the celestial model, accurate values of the horizon altitude and the azimuth angle of any celestial body at any time at any geographic latitude position can be accurately demonstrated and given, great convenience is brought to finding targets as soon as possible for astronomical observation, great correct and clear guidance is given to astronomical lovers who find stars and find stars, and great help is given to astronomical teaching.

Description

Celestial globe with horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a science popularization and teaching instrument, and particularly relates to a celestial globe with a horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism.

Background

The celestial globe is an instrument for astronomical teaching and astronomical science popularization, and is an instrument for guiding people to navigate in the sea, the land and the air. The existing celestial globe can only estimate and judge the approximately horizontal height and azimuth position of the celestial body during demonstration, and cannot provide accurate horizontal height and azimuth value of the celestial body for corresponding places of any city or geographic latitude, so that astronomical observation is influenced to find the celestial body and the astronomical teaching quality is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology and provide the celestial globe with the horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism, which is convenient and accurate to identify the celestial body position, is beneficial to science popularization and teaching and can be rapidly demonstrated.

The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the technical proposal

Celestial globe with a horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism includes: the device is characterized in that four 1/4 circular arc-shaped brackets forming 90 degrees are arranged on the circumferential surface of the top end of each support, a horizon ring with angle lines is fixedly arranged on each bracket, and four east-west direction marking bosses forming 90 degrees on the periphery of the horizon ring are arranged. The north-south direction of the inner ring of the horizon ring is provided with a south bayonet and a north bayonet, the meridian ring is clamped on the south bayonet, the north bayonet and the first bayonet arranged at the top end of the supporting column, the meridian ring is provided with an celestial model declination line scale, a round ground plane model is arranged in the celestial model, an azimuth angle disk is arranged above the ground plane model, a ground plane support is arranged below the ground plane model, a sliding lock sleeve and a jackscrew are arranged on the ground plane support, the ground plane model is provided with an celestial horizon altitude ring and an azimuth angle ball, the ball is a hemisphere, the celestial horizon altitude ring and the edge opening of the azimuth angle ball are fixedly connected with the edge of the ground plane model, the horizon altitude ring is parallel to the ground plane model, a connecting support shaft is arranged in the east-west direction of the ground plane model at the two ends of the equatorial diameter of the earth model, the connecting support shaft is fixed on the ground plane model, the end point of the terrestrial polar axis of the meridian ring is provided with a polar axis rotation jackscrew, the method comprises arranging zenith right above the zenith elevation ring and azimuth angle line ball, arranging zenith vertical line at zenith, arranging zenith vertical line vertical plane model pointing to the sphere center of the earth model, arranging meridian slot of 0-90 deg. along the meridian ring from north point to zenith of the plane model on the zenith elevation ring and azimuth angle line ball, making the zenith polar axis slide in the meridian slot, making the zenith polar axis pass through the earth model and zenith model pole, arranging a large circle perpendicular to the zenith polar axis on the zenith model as zenith, arranging 24 scales divided per hour on the zenith, dividing into 60 scales per hour, each scale corresponding to 1 minute, arranging a time reading pointer at the position of 0 deg. on the meridian ring and corresponding to the zenith equator as the zenith equator, arranging a large circle of 23.43 deg. with the zenith equator as the yellow lane, the yellow road is provided with a scale of the daily position mark of the sun. The horizontal altitude ring and the azimuth angle line ball of the celestial body are horizontally provided with horizontal altitude rings with different heights, the horizontal altitude rings are parallel to the ground plane model, azimuth angle lines are arranged on the spherical surfaces of the horizontal altitude ring and the azimuth angle line ball of the celestial body and are perpendicular to the ground plane model along a major circle line and drop to azimuth angle disc edge scales on the ground plane model, the number of the azimuth angle line scales is consistent with the number of the azimuth angle disc scales, and the plane where the azimuth angle lines are located is perpendicular to the ground plane model.

The beneficial effects of the invention are that

1. The adjusting mechanism arranged in the celestial model of the celestial globe can adjust the polar axis of the celestial globe and the ground plane model to form any included angle, so that the requirement of demonstrating celestial body movement running conditions adapting to any geographic latitude is met.

2. Because the celestial globe is provided with the horizon altitude ring, the azimuth line, the azimuth angle disk, the zenith vertical line and the like in the celestial model, accurate values of the horizon altitude and the azimuth angle of any celestial body at any time at any geographic latitude position can be accurately demonstrated and given, great convenience is brought to finding targets as soon as possible for astronomical observation, great correct and clear guidance is provided for astronomical lovers who find stars and seek stars, great help is provided for astronomical teaching, and from this point, the celestial body position at any place is not a fuzzy concept any more.

3. Because the ground plane model is arranged in the celestial sphere model, the celestial sphere demonstration celestial body movement operation is more approximate, real and visual, easy to understand and very worth popularizing and applying, and the economic and social benefits win.

4. The celestial globe has novel and unique design, attractive appearance and flexible and convenient adjustment, and represents the advanced design and advanced function of the celestial globe.

5. The device can be used for accurately positioning, demonstrating that the measured celestial body position has no error in theory and has small actual error. The celestial globe is simple and convenient to use and has powerful functions.

Drawings

The following is a detailed description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a front view of a celestial globe structure with a horizon height and azimuth adjustment mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of fig. 1 at I.

In the figure, a 1-base; 2-supporting columns; 2-1-bayonet I; 2-2-scaffolds; 3-preventing the polar axis from rotating the jackscrew; 4-day earth polar axis; 5-sliding lock sleeve and jackscrew; 6-horizon circle; 6-1-north bayonet; 6-2-south bayonet; 6-3-direction marking bosses; 7-a ground plane model; 8-meridian; 8-1-meridian celestial sphere model declination line graduation; reading the pointer at the equatorial time of 8-2 days; 9-celestial sphere model; 10-celestial horizon altitude circles and azimuth lineballs; 10-1-horizon height circle; 10-2-azimuth line; 10-3-zenith; 10-4-zenith plumb line; 11-azimuth plate; 12-an earth model; 13-ground plane support; 13-1-angle score lines; 14-day equator; 15-yellow road; 16 is connected with a supporting shaft; 17-meridian slot slide block; 18-meridian slot.

Detailed Description

In the embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a celestial globe with a horizontal height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism is provided with a detachable support column 2 on a base 1, a bayonet I2-1 is horizontally arranged at the top end of the support column 2, and four 1/4 circular supports 2-2 fixed at 90 degrees are arranged on the circumferential surface of the top end of the support column 2. A horizontal ring 6 with angle scales is fixedly arranged on a support 2-2, four east-west direction marking bosses 6-3 are arranged at 90 degrees on the periphery of the horizontal ring 6, north bayonets 6-1 and south bayonets 6-2 are respectively arranged in the north-south direction of an inner ring of the horizontal ring 6, and the noon ring 8 can be clamped on the three bayonets of the first bayonet 2-1, the second bayonet 6-1 and the south bayonet 6-2 in any rotation or position change. The meridian 8 is provided with meridian celestial sphere model red latitude scales 8-1. A semicircular ground plane support 13 is fixedly arranged below the ground plane model in the celestial model 9, and an included angle between the polar axis 4 of the celestial earth and the ground plane model 7 is adjusted and fixed on the ground plane support 13 by using a sliding lock sleeve and a jackscrew 5. The polar axis 4 of the earth is fixed on the meridian 8 by the polar axis rotation preventing jackscrew 3 to prevent rotation. The earth polar axis 4 above the ground plane model 7 is provided with a meridian slot sliding block 17 penetrating through the celestial body horizon altitude ring and a meridian slot 18 on the azimuth angle line ball 10, and the earth polar axis 4 and the meridian slot sliding block 17 can slide in the meridian slot 18 from the horizon altitude range of 0 DEG to 90 DEG so as to adjust the included angle between the polar axis 4 and the ground plane model 7, so that the adjustment is suitable for the latitude of the geographic position where the celestial globe is demonstrated. The celestial body horizon altitude ring and the azimuth angle ball 10 are fixedly connected to the ground plane model 7. The polar axis 4 of the earth is coaxially provided with a celestial model 9 and an earth model 12 with poles, the center of the azimuth angle disk 11 and the ground plane model 7 is provided with the earth model 12, latitude lines are carved on the earth model 12, and the equatorial diameter of the earth model 12 is provided with an east connecting support shaft 16 and a west connecting support shaft 16 which are used for connecting and supporting the earth model 12 and the ground plane model 7, and the included angle between the polar axis 4 of the earth and the ground plane model 7 is adjusted by taking the two shafts as base lines. The azimuth plate 11 is provided with angle score lines and is arranged below the celestial horizon altitude ring and the azimuth ball 10. A celestial equator 14 is provided on the celestial model 9 at 360 ° and a yellow tunnel 15 is provided around the celestial model 9 at an angle of 23.43 ° to the celestial equator 14. 24 scales divided every hour or every 15 ° are provided on the day equator 14, and 60 scales are subdivided every hour or every 15 ° so that each scale represents 1 minute. The day equator time reading pointer 8-2 is arranged at the 0 degree position corresponding to the day equator 14 on the meridian 8 so as to calculate the position of the celestial body at any time by combining the time of the occurrence of a certain celestial body or the time of the middle day. The yellow road 15 is provided with a daily sun position mark scale. A zenith 10-3 is arranged right above the celestial horizon altitude ring and the azimuth angle linear ball 10, and a zenith vertical line 10-4 is arranged from the zenith 10-3 to the center of the ground plane model 7. The horizontal altitude ring 10-1 is arranged at different altitude positions parallel to the ground plane model 7 on the celestial body horizontal altitude ring and the azimuth angle linear ball 10, and the azimuth angle line 10-2 is arranged at the edge of the azimuth angle disk 11 where the arc of the surface of the ball 10 sags to the ground plane model 7 and corresponds to the scale of the over-the-sky vertex 10-3. The celestial body model 9, the celestial body horizon altitude ring, the azimuth angle coil 10 and the azimuth angle disc 11 are all made of transparent engineering plastics, so that the horizon altitude and azimuth angle values of the celestial body can be conveniently observed and determined.

Using method of celestial globe with horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism

1. Adjusting the ground plane in celestial sphere and polar axis of celestial sphere

In use, the angle formed by the polar axis 4 of the celestial earth in the celestial model 9 and the ground plane model 7 is adjusted to be consistent with the demonstrated geographic latitude. If the geographical latitude is α, then the angle between the polar axis 4 of the earth and the ground plane model 7 is α. During adjustment, corresponding latitude position values are found according to the angle score lines 13-1 on the semicircular ground plane support 13 below the ground plane model 7, the sliding lock sleeve and the jackscrew 5 are slid to the positions to screw the jackscrew for fixation, and meanwhile the meridian slot sliding blocks 17 on the polar axis 4 of the earth above the ground plane model 7 are slid to the positions of the horizontal height ring and the horizontal height on the azimuth angle ball 10 to be equal to the geographic latitude. Then, the polar points of the two hemispheres of the celestial model 9 are put on the celestial polar axis 4 to be joined and fixed, and then are mounted on the meridian 8, so that the zenith 10-3 coincides with the meridian 8 vertically. In order to prevent the polar axis 4 of the sky-earth from rotating, the end point of the polar axis 4 of the sky-earth on the meridian 8 is fixed by a polar axis rotation preventing jackscrew 3.

2. Method for placing meridian

After the above-mentioned process is completed, the core component of the celestial globe is fixed on the noon 8, and the noon 8 is just correctly placed on the three bayes 6-1, 6-2 and 2-1 of the bracket. When the toy is placed, the toy is aligned with north-south bayonets, so that the meridian plane is vertically inserted into the three bayonets, and after the toy is placed in place, the ground plane model 7 in the celestial model 9 and the ground plane 6 are on the same plane.

3. Method for determining the horizon and azimuth of a celestial body

After the geographical latitude is determined, the position of the celestial body is closely related to time, and the horizon height and azimuth angle of different celestial bodies are also different. Since the self-rotation of the earth is uniformly rotated by 1 ° every 4 minutes, it is rotated by 1 ° around the polar axis every 4 minutes with respect to the celestial sphere. The celestial globe equator 14 is provided with 24-hour time scales of a week, and 60 time scales are additionally arranged per hour, namely each scale is 1 minute. A day equator time reading pointer 8-2 is provided at a position of 0 ° on the meridian 8, that is, a position corresponding to the day equator 14. Therefore, the celestial globe can be used for truly simulating and demonstrating the sky at any time according to the time of the running or the middle day of a certain celestial body. Because the celestial body horizon altitude circle and azimuth angle line ball are arranged at the position close to the internal spherical surface of the celestial model 9, the horizon altitude circle net and the azimuth angle line net are arranged, and the horizon altitude and the azimuth angle of all celestial bodies are accurately displayed in the simulation demonstration process. The sun is a common celestial body, the daily time of the sun at any place on the earth can be easily found in a network and books, and the yellow road of the celestial globe celestial model 9 is provided with a dynamic position scale mark for the daily operation of the sun, so that the horizontal height and azimuth angle of other celestial bodies at any time can be demonstrated by the time of the sun.

Claims

1. The celestial globe with the horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism comprises a base (1), a support (2), a bracket (2-2), an earth model (12), a ground plane model (7), an azimuth angle disk (11), celestial horizon altitude rings, azimuth angle balls (10), celestial sphere models (9), a meridian ring (8), a ground plane support (13), a sliding lock sleeve, a jackscrew (5) and a connecting support shaft (16), and is characterized in that four 1/4 circular arc brackets (2-2) forming 90 DEG are arranged on the circumferential surface of the top end of the support (2), a horizon ring (6) with angle score lines is fixedly arranged on the bracket (2-2), four marking bosses (6-3) forming 90 DEG on the periphery of the horizon ring (6), south and north bayonets (6-2) and north bayonets (6-1) are arranged in the south direction of the circle of the horizon ring (6), the meridian ring (8) is clamped on one (2-1) of the south bayonets (6-2), the north bayonets (6-1) and the top end of the support (2), the azimuth angle model (7) is arranged on the circle model (7) of the azimuth angle, the azimuth angle model (7) is arranged on the circle model (7, a ground plane support (13) is arranged below the ground plane model (7), a sliding lock sleeve and a jackscrew (5) are arranged on the ground plane support (13), a celestial body horizon altitude ring and an azimuth angle spherical ball (10) are arranged on the ground plane model (7), the celestial body horizon altitude ring and the azimuth angle spherical ball (10) are fixedly connected with the edge of the ground plane model (7), a connecting support shaft (16) is arranged on the ground plane model (7) at the two ends of the equatorial diameter of the earth model (12) in the east-west direction, the connecting support shaft (16) is fixed on the ground plane model (7), an anti-polar-rotation jackscrew (3) is arranged at the end point of an earth polar shaft (4) on the meridian ring (8), an zenith (10-3) is arranged right above the celestial body horizon altitude ring and the azimuth angle spherical ball (10), a radial polar groove (18) of 0 DEG to 90 DEG is formed on the celestial body altitude ring and the azimuth angle spherical ball (10) along the meridian ring (8) from the north point to the zenith point, the antenna polar axis (4) is enabled to pass through a circular meridian polar axis (14) of the earth model (9 DEG and a circular sphere (14) on the earth model (9 DEG, the polar axis (4) is a circular axis (9 DEG and a circular plane (14) is formed on the earth model (9), the solar energy sun-tracking device is characterized in that a day equator time reading pointer (8-2) is arranged at a position of 0 DEG on the meridian (8) corresponding to a day equator (14), scales of sun daily position marks are arranged on a yellow road (15), the horizon altitude rings (10-1) with different heights are horizontally arranged on the celestial horizon altitude rings and the azimuth angle spherical balls (10), the horizon altitude rings (10-1) are parallel to a ground plane model (7), and azimuth angles (10-2) are arranged at the positions, on the spherical surfaces of the celestial horizon altitude rings and the azimuth angle spherical balls (10), of the azimuth angle disk (11) along a major circle line, of the edge scales, which are drooping to the ground plane model (7), of the azimuth angle disk (11).

2. Celestial globe with a horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that a zenith vertical line (10-4) is provided at the zenith (10-3), the zenith vertical line (10-4) is perpendicular to the ground plane model (7) and is directed to the sphere center of the earth model (12).

3. The celestial globe with the horizontal height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein 24 scales divided per hour are provided on the equator (14), 60 sub-scales are divided per hour, and each scale corresponds to 1 minute.

4. Celestial globe with a horizon height and azimuth angle adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizon altitude circle (10-1) is parallel to the ground plane model (7), the number of the azimuth angle line (10-2) is identical to the number of the azimuth angle disc (11) in scale, and the plane of the azimuth angle line (10-2) is perpendicular to the ground plane model (7).