CN110030654A - 换气空调装置 - Google Patents
换气空调装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110030654A CN110030654A CN201811589678.2A CN201811589678A CN110030654A CN 110030654 A CN110030654 A CN 110030654A CN 201811589678 A CN201811589678 A CN 201811589678A CN 110030654 A CN110030654 A CN 110030654A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- carbon dioxide
- rotor
- desorption
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 9
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700647 Variola virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
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Abstract
本发明提供一种不存在换气所伴随的能量损耗、能量效率高、节省空间且低成本的利用余热的换气空调装置。为了解决以上课题,本案发明的特征在于,具有具备二氧化碳等污染物质的吸附或吸收功能的蜂窝式转子,将蜂窝式转子配置于至少具备处理区域和解吸再生区域的转子旋转装置内,将处理空气通入处理区域而去除二氧化碳等污染物质来进行供气,并且导入在设置于解吸再生区域入口的热交换器上直接喷洒水而产生的饱和蒸汽而解吸二氧化碳等污染物质并排出至室外。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种去除二氧化碳等污染物质的换气空调装置,该去除二氧化碳等污染物质的换气空调装置使用能够吸附去除例如在室内产生的二氧化碳或VOC、臭气等污染物质或从外部空气侵入的SOx、NOx、VOC等污染物质的转子,利用低温余热来去除这些污染物质,由此能够通过少量的换气来提高室内的空气质量。
背景技术
现有的办公楼或商务楼及居住空间中所使用的如图1那样的换气空调装置,主要以排出人的呼气中所含的二氧化碳或从建筑材料、OA设备等产生的VOC等污染物质为目的而使用。若在制冷供暖期间进行换气,则制冷供暖负荷增加,因此在换气管路中使用全热交换器,对回流空气和排气进行热交换而回收余热。
作为这种全热交换器,主要使用转子型全热交换器和静止型全热交换器,当排气:外部空气风量比为1:1时,转子型全热交换器中全热交换效率为70%左右,小型静止型全热交换器中全热交换效率为50%左右。即,即使通过全热交换而回收舍弃的能量,也有30~50%的能量被浪费舍弃。并且,存在需要供气***和排气***各自的大型管道而浪费占用高楼的高价的有价空间的缺点和导入外部空气及排气的场所若远则管道配管变长致使工事费也增加的缺点。因送风动力也增加致使能量消耗增加,并且设置场所也受限制。
另外,最近的住宅具有各室独立的空调设备,在每个各室设置换气扇,经由从各换气扇通向天花板背面的管道进行换气。这种管道有时为长管路,在这种情况下空气阻力大。因此,换气所需的能量也变大,这也成为由换气产生的能量的浪费,致使总体能量效率下降。
专利文献1:日本特开2005-98571号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2007-37670号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2003-19435号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2006-61758号公报
专利文献5:日本特公平5-68290号公报
专利文献6:日本专利5627870号公报
专利文献7:日本专利5877922号公报
专利文献8:日本专利申请2017-149419号
针对上述问题,如专利文献1所示,开发出了在室内的二氧化碳浓度达到一定以上的值时运行的换气扇。然而,这也仍旧未能充分减少换气所伴随的制冷供暖能量的损失。
因此,如专利文献2所示,开发出了具有吸附或分解空气中的有害气体的过滤器的除臭装置。然而,这种装置无法去除二氧化碳,并且不得不进行过滤器的更换,因此存在额外花费更换过滤器的费用的问题。
专利文献3中公开有如下装置:使用负载有氧化钾等能够吸着/解吸二氧化碳的吸收剂的吸附转子,从室内空气吸着二氧化碳,在再生区域中利用暖风解吸二氧化碳并排出至室外。
专利文献4中公开有如下装置:使用转子上负载有选择性地吸着/解吸二氧化碳的具有官能基的离子交换树脂或络合物的吸着转子,从室内空气吸着二氧化碳,在再生区域中利用暖风解吸二氧化碳并排出至室外。
但是,这些文献中所公开的二氧化碳吸着装置在原理上吸附去除所有的二氧化碳,并且还吸附去除水蒸气。夏季湿度大,因此若能够除湿则很方便,但若在换季期或冬季除湿,则室内空气会过度干燥,不得不加湿。因此,存在除了夏季以外没有利用优点的问题。
另外,以二氧化碳吸附材料及转子的耐热性或节能为目的,利用能量密度低的摄氏40~80℃左右(以下,温度全部设为“摄氏”)的低温余热,因此为了达成所要求的性能,需要进行与处理空气量相同量的再生空气的导入和排气,需要比较大型的转子,存在设置空间大且成本还高的缺点。并且,存在需要再生空气导入用和排气用各自的大型管道而浪费占用高楼的高价的有价空间的缺点和若不是容易导入外部空气和排气的场所则存在管道配管变长、工事费也增加、送风动力也增加等问题,设置场所也受限制。
专利文献5中公开有在太空站等封闭空间所使用的二氧化碳去除装置的例子。其以如下的批次(batch)式运行:使处理空气流入填充有吸附材料(胺系离子交换树脂、活性炭等)的吸附层而去除处理空气中的二氧化碳来进行供气;吸附了二氧化碳的吸附材料填充层中,切换阀而导入水蒸气来解吸二氧化碳;若解吸结束,则再次切换阀而导入处理空气来吸附二氧化碳,供给去除了二氧化碳的空气。该方式在如太空站那样的小空间用途中成立,但难以大型化,且最初成本、运转成本也高,为通常的空调用途中难以适用的装置。
专利文献6中,为了也能够适用于通常的空调,使用负载有能够吸附二氧化碳的离子交换树脂等吸着材料的粉末的蜂窝式转子,如图2那样,在处理空气侧将通过热泵的蒸发器而冷却除湿的空气通入蜂窝式转子而吸着去除二氧化碳等污染物质来进行供气。另一方面,将通过冷凝器而升温的空气通入再生区域中,由此将吸附于转子的二氧化碳等污染物质解吸并排出至外部空气中。公开有如下方案:通过使用蜂窝式转子能够实现大风量处理,且通过还组合热泵而还利用余热来确保节能性。
专利文献7中公开有设置湿度调整机构以使再生入口焓(enthapy)高于处理入口焓来提高二氧化碳的分离效率的例子。但是,专利文献6、专利文献7均使用再生效果低的利用低温余热的空气,因此为了用再生风量弥补再生能量的不足而需要与处理空气大致相同量的再生解吸空气,如表1那样,转子直径大型化而难以实现装置的小型化,因需要2台大风量送风机,送风运转成本也高。另外,还需要大面积的解吸再生用供气/排气管道,存在大量占用高楼的有价空间的缺点。
[表1]
相对于处理流量的转子直径比较
(流量单位Nm3/h)
作为具有二氧化碳吸附性或吸着性的材料的沸石、活性炭、胺系化合物、胺系离子交换树脂、碳酸钾等碳酸盐均具有吸湿性,并且,再生解吸用空气通常因加热而相对湿度下降,因此在再生区域中,转子的水分被解吸,在处理区域中通过空气被除湿。若为夏季,则还存在除湿的优点,但供气因除湿的吸附热而升温,因此还存在若不使用设置于转子处理出口的汽化冷却器或后冷却器(after cooler)进行再冷却,则无法向室内供气的缺点。
并且,具有如图6那样因除湿的吸附热所引起的升温而二氧化碳的吸着性能受阻的倾向,且还存在在解吸再生区域水蒸气的解吸热中消耗再生能量致使二氧化碳的分离性能变差的性能上的缺点。
另外,在冬季反而成为欲加湿的条件,但该除湿功能成为缺点。并且,也没有多余的余热,因此无法在冬季进行运用。即,存在只能在夏季应用的根本性的缺点。
专利文献8中为了解决如上课题而提出有如下方法和装置:具有具备在潮湿状态下吸附或吸收二氧化碳或VOC气体等污染物质的功能的蜂窝式转子,去除净化空气中的二氧化碳或污染物质,在解吸再生区域中以40~80℃左右的饱和蒸汽进行再生。
该方法中,能够以最小限度的换气量抑制能量的损失,并且确保室内空气质量。并且,以小容量的饱和蒸汽进行解吸再生,因此如表1那样,能够实现转子及装置的大幅小型化。并且,进行了如下研究:通过将在刚结束再生之后的蜂窝中蓄热的所有热量进行吹扫排气或不进行吹扫排气而回收至供气侧,不仅在夏季,即使在冬季也发挥节能性。
但是,为了产生供给至解吸再生区域的饱和蒸汽,以往的加热蒸汽产生方式的盘型加湿器或蒸汽式加湿器需要高昂的电能或加压蒸汽。汽化式超声波加湿器、板(pat)式加湿器、喷雾加湿器导致气温下降,即使与空气加热器组合而反复加湿与加热,如图14那样也需要过大的循环处理,利用低温余热来生成如60℃那样的饱和蒸汽,这不具有现实性。
发明内容
本案发明为了解决如上课题,有关一种具有具备在潮湿状态下吸附或吸收二氧化碳或VOC气体等污染物质的功能的蜂窝式转子来去除净化空气中的二氧化碳或污染物质的装置的、利用100℃以下的低温余热产生解吸再生用饱和蒸汽的方法及该装置。在解吸再生入口侧具备低温余热的温水线圈或热泵的散热线圈,并在该线圈上直接喷洒或滴加水而在导热面生成水膜,并将导热面的水膜加热蒸发,由此产生饱和蒸汽。
本发明的换气空调装置如上述那样构成,因此在室内产生的二氧化碳或臭气或VOC、从外部空气侵入的VOC、SOx、NOx等污染物质也同时吸附(吸着)于蜂窝式转子,在解吸区域中被饱和水蒸气解吸而排放至外部空气中,由此即使减少换气量也能够维持室内空气质量,从而能够减少空调能量。
在解吸再生入口侧具备温水线圈或热泵的散热线圈,在该线圈上直接喷洒或滴加水而在导热面生成水膜,并将导热面的水膜加热蒸发,由此产生饱和蒸汽以进行解吸再生,因此能够利用低温余热的温水或热泵的余热,因此节能性进一步得到提高。
二氧化碳的浓度的容许值在建筑基准法中为0.1%(美国国立职业安全卫生研究所及美国产业卫生专家会议所规定的容许值为0.5%),在空气中稍微增加,就会对人的健康造成影响,因此在建筑基准法的设计基准中,每1名室内人员需要30m3/H的换气。但是,近年来,外部空气的二氧化碳浓度逐渐上升,以30m3/H的换气无法实现室内二氧化碳浓度0.1%。
并且,换气的主要目的在于对从建筑材料或家具、OA设备等产生的VOC或吸烟中所产生的污染物质进行排气而降低浓度。因此,若以30m3/H以下的换气量也能够从室内排出二氧化碳和VOC等污染物质而维持在基准值以下,则以建筑基准法的运用基准没有问题。
另外,本发明的方法及装置使用具有二氧化碳及VOC等污染物质气体的吸附/解吸作用的蜂窝式转子,因此不像使用了过滤器的空气净化装置那样存在频繁更换的构件,还能够降低消耗品更换费用。
尤其近年来,大气污染在各国的城市圏相继发生,在这种情况下,担心通过进行换气而PM2.5或SOx、NOx、VOC、光化学烟雾进入室内。并且,沿着主干道,汽车的尾气可能会通过换气而进入室内,在繁华街道上,因烹调排气而产生的臭气可能会通过换气而进入室内。但是,若为本发明的换气空调装置,由于换气量少,因此能够以小型的高性能外部空气过滤器去除上述污染物质,即使有污染物质进入,也可用本发明的装置进行吸附浓缩排气。
附图说明
图1是换气空调装置的以往例的流程图。
图2是换气空调装置的专利文献6的以往例的流程图。
图3是换气空调装置的专利文献8中的流程图。
图4是本发明的换气空调装置的实施例1的流程图。
图5是本发明的换气空调装置的实施例2的流程图。
图6是固体胺系吸着材料的二氧化碳吸附平衡图。
图7是专利文献8的蒸汽导入漏斗和排气漏斗的剖视图。
图8是表示饱和蒸汽解吸再生时的蜂窝表面的图。
图9是表示汽化冷却吸着时的蜂窝表面的图。
图10是比较暖风再生和饱和蒸汽再生的湿度图(psychrometric chart)。
图11是比较干式吸附和汽化冷却吸着的湿度图。
图12是表示冬季处理空气的变化的湿度图。
图13是表示将0.1mm以下的弱碱性离子交换树脂的微小粒子与粘合剂混合而成的浆料涂布于多孔质玻璃纤维片材而制成1mm以下的片材的片材表面的显微镜照片的图。
图14是表示基于蒸发加湿与加热的循环的饱和蒸汽生成的空气线图。
其中,附图标记说明如下:
1-蜂窝式转子,2-换气空调装置。
具体实施方式
本发明有关一种换气空调方法及装置的饱和蒸汽产生方法,其特征在于,具有具备在潮湿状态下吸附或吸着二氧化碳或VOC气体等污染物质的功能的蜂窝式转子,将所述蜂窝式转子配置于至少具备处理区域和解吸再生区域的转子旋转装置内,将处理空气通入所述处理区域而去除二氧化碳等污染物质来进行供气,并且向解吸再生区域导入饱和蒸汽而解吸二氧化碳或污染物质并排出至室外。
吸附与吸收现象虽然不同,但为类似的现象,当存在这两个要素时,有时也使用吸着这一单词。本发明中,使用吸着这一单词。具有胺基的高分子凝胶或离子交换树脂若含水,则成为存在以水填满的细孔的凝胶,也可被认为是二氧化碳在该细孔内扩散而吸着于细孔表面的胺基上的吸附材料。并且,也有以提高交换速度为目的而加工成多孔性的树脂。并且,在多孔质固体吸附材料的细孔内浸渍有固体胺或离子液体等吸收剂的吸附材料也包含于此,无论为哪一种,本发明的要点在于,在操作原理上使用非水溶性且在固体状的潮湿状态下具有吸着二氧化碳等污染物质的功能的导入有小径粒子的蜂窝式转子。
若使处理空气流入所述蜂窝式转子的处理区域,则蜂窝去除二氧化碳等污染物质并供给净化空气。吸着了二氧化碳等污染物质的蜂窝式转子通过转子的旋转而移动至解吸再生区域,导入饱和水蒸气而解吸二氧化碳等污染物质。饱和水蒸气通过如下方式产生:在设置于解吸区域入口的线圈直接喷洒或滴加水而在导热面生成水膜,并通过加热而蒸发水膜。如图8那样,从解吸再生区域导入到蜂窝式转子中的饱和水蒸气通过蜂窝的加热或二氧化碳等污染物质的解吸热供给而冷却,从而在蜂窝内表面上吸湿或结露。通过转子的旋转,蜂窝的内表面以潮湿的状态移动至处理区域,若处理空气通过,则通过水的汽化冷却现象而促进蜂窝的冷却,且通过冷却去除二氧化碳气体的吸着热而发挥能够高效地吸着二氧化碳气体或污染物质气体的效果。
另外,通过以高能量密度且小容量的40~100℃的饱和水蒸气对二氧化碳气体或VOC等污染物质气体进行浓缩解吸排气,能够减少解吸风量和换气风量。例如,如图9那样,相对于将35℃、50%RH的空气加热至60℃的焓,60℃的饱和蒸汽具有十几倍的焓,因此饱和蒸汽能够以十几分之一实现解吸再生,如表1那样转子能够小型化,还能够大幅削减排气和导入外部空气,供气/排气***的管道也在建筑基准法的最小限度,为较佳,在运用上,只要能够确保室内空气质量,则能够大幅减少换气量,因此可削减送风能量。并且,也不会通过大风量的换气而导致制冷供暖能量损失,节能性得到提高。即使用全热交换器回收余热,也有30~50%的能量得不到回收而丢失,但在本发明的换气空调装置中,通过对室内的二氧化碳、VOC等污染物质进行浓缩排气,可期待超过全热交换器的节能效果。
在此,饱和水蒸气在40~100℃下基本为大气压。能够利用低温余热的温水或热泵的冷凝器的余热,因此节能性进一步得到提高。导入到解吸再生区域的饱和水蒸气通过蜂窝的加热或二氧化碳的解吸热供给而冷却,从而在蜂窝表面上吸湿或结露。蜂窝的表面以因吸湿或结露的水潮湿的状态通过转子的旋转而移动至处理区域,但通过处理空气的通过,因水的汽化冷却现象而促进蜂窝的冷却,且通过去除冷却二氧化碳气体的吸着热而发挥能够高效地吸着处理空气中的二氧化碳气体或污染物质气体的效果。即,关于本发明的装置,并非是基于蒸汽的置换解吸,而是利用基于饱和蒸汽的高焓。
作为固体非水溶性的胺系二氧化碳吸着材料,除了具有胺基的碱性离子交换树脂以外,还能够使用具有胺基的高分子凝胶、或在细孔内浸渍有胺系二氧化碳吸收剂或碳酸盐、离子液体等二氧化碳吸收剂的硅胶、活性炭、活性氧化铝、中孔二氧化硅(mesoporoussilica)等吸附材料。
作为一例,若将0.1mm以下的固体胺系二氧化碳吸着材料的微小粒子与粘合剂混合而成的浆料涂布于多孔质玻璃纤维片材而制成1mm以下的片材来使用,则能够有效利用产生于微小粒子间的毛细管力来实现提高了吸着效果的汽化冷却吸着蜂窝(图13中示出片材表面照片的例子)。若在解吸区域中导入饱和蒸汽,则如图8那样,由蜂窝吸湿及水蒸气在表面上凝结结露,但凝结水通过在微小粒子涂层内重叠有多个的微小粒子间的毛细管力而被吸入,由于为蜂窝形状,因此对通气没有影响,表面的水膜也薄,不阻碍吸着速度。在处理空气通过时,如图9那样从宽的蜂窝内表面向片材的内部进行二氧化碳气体的吸着和水的蒸发冷却,因此如专利文献5那样的在填充有1~2mm的比较大的球状离子交换树脂的层(床)中成为问题的缺点得以消除。
并且,即使在片材的表面和背面上,吸着速度或吸着容量的差、或者凝结水量或汽化冷却效果存在不均,由于为薄片材的蜂窝,因此通过表面和背面上的凝结水的毛细管力或基于水蒸气的扩散的物质移动或热移动,不均匀得到缓解,因此能够提高性能。另外,通过混合活性炭、疏水性沸石、合成吸附材料VOC等吸附材料,还能够同时去除VOC或臭气等污染物质。
并且,作为长期运用上的效果,耐久性提高。胺系二氧化碳吸着材料或胺系离子交换树脂中有若没有氧则耐热性方面可以承受至100℃的胺系二氧化碳吸着材料或胺系离子交换树脂,但有在有氧的气体中即使为50~60℃也会明显劣化的例子。本发明的装置中,吸着时的胺系吸着材料的温度如图11那样被抑制为低温,解吸时如图10那样成为40~100℃,但离子交换树脂在水合状态时稳定性增加,因此可防止氧化劣化,耐久性得到提高。并且,当因隔热损耗而在解吸再生区域的近前部中途产生冷凝时,也能够设置后加热器将相对湿度控制在90~99%,总之本发明的要点在于,在再生解吸时的蜂窝内部向蜂窝导热,由此含有蒸汽的空气的温度下降且相对湿度上升,从而设为在蜂窝内部吸湿或产生结露现象的条件。
本发明的换气空调装置如以上那样构成,以下对其动作进行说明。因室内有人而通过呼气中的二氧化碳或吸烟致使室内的二氧化碳浓度上升,或因冬季室内使用开放型炉而产生的二氧化碳致使室内的二氧化碳浓度上升,因此需要对室内空气进行换气。近年来,由于热泵空调的普及和分烟化的进行,呼气以外的二氧化碳产生变少,但换气依旧不容忽视。
在这种情况下,一边使蜂窝式转子1旋转,一边将室内空气或外部空气通入换气空调装置2。通过了转子的空气中,二氧化碳等污染物质气体被去除之后被供气。若如图3那样使来自室内的回流空气通过吸着装置的蜂窝式转子,则能够减少回流空气中所含的二氧化碳或污染物质浓度并向室内供气。
同时,向解吸再生区域导入饱和蒸汽而将吸着的二氧化碳等污染物质解吸并排放至外部空气中。如此一来,处理空气中所含的二氧化碳或VOC、SOx、NOx等污染物质气体被浓缩并排出至室外。
[实施例1]
以下,按照图4对本发明的换气空调装置的实施例进行详细说明。1为蜂窝式转子,其为将玻璃纤维等无机纤维的多孔质片材进行波纹(corrugate)加工并制成转子状的蜂窝式转子,负载有浸渍了吸收二氧化碳的胺系二氧化碳吸收剂的活性炭的吸附材料。
转子被容纳于划分为处理区域和解吸再生区域的密封的壳体中,转子构成为利用齿轮传动马达被旋转驱动。在处理区域前面设置预冷却器热泵的蒸发器,从而将处理空气冷却减湿而导入处理区域。
向处理区域导入处理空气,吸着去除处理空气中所含的二氧化碳等污染物质,并向室内供给经净化的空气。处理空气可以是回流空气,也可以是外部空气,也能够根据目的进行混合。吸着了二氧化碳或污染物质的蜂窝式转子向解吸再生区域旋转移动,在解吸区域中导入40~100℃的饱和水蒸气,对蜂窝进行加热而将二氧化碳或污染物质解吸排气。
解吸用饱和蒸汽通过如下方式生成:在解吸再生区域入口设置前述的热泵的冷凝器线圈并直接喷洒水,并将生成于导热面的水膜加热蒸发。导入于蜂窝的饱和蒸汽在蜂窝的加热和二氧化碳等的解吸热供给中消耗能量,从而在蜂窝内的表面吸湿或结露冷凝。饱和蒸汽具有干燥空气的十几倍~数十倍的能量,因此饱和蒸汽的导入量能够以相对于处理空气为十几分之一以下进行解吸再生,从而能够实现转子及装置整体的紧凑化。当相对于蒸发器线圈中的吸热量(冷却量),冷凝器线圈中的散热量不足时,在外部追加第2冷凝器来实现平衡。
在解吸区域中,二氧化碳等污染物质通过饱和水蒸气被加热解吸,水蒸气在蜂窝吸湿及凝结结露的蜂窝式转子进行旋转而再次向处理区域移动,但蜂窝内的水分通过处理空气的通过而蒸发,由此产生汽化冷却效果,蜂窝被迅速冷却而开始二氧化碳或污染物质的吸着。开始吸着之后蜂窝也处于潮湿状态,因此二氧化碳或污染物质的吸着热因汽化冷却效果而被去除,且成为比处理空气入口温度低的温度而被供气。本发明的装置虽然没有如干燥剂空调机那样的除湿功能,但处理空气被汽化冷却而被供给,因此具有作为制冷装置发挥功能的特征。
[实施例2]
另外,利用图5对提高节能性且不仅在夏季,在冬季也能够应用的实施例进行说明。基本结构与图4相同,但在解吸再生区域入口具备温水线圈,在该温水线圈上从上方直接滴加或喷洒水,由此在温水线圈导热面生成水膜并加热水膜,由此蒸发水而获得饱和蒸汽。用于产生蒸汽的水的余量积存于下部的排水盘中,利用泵P使其进行循环是为了提高水及能量的效率的较佳方法。但是时间一久,则因供水中的溶解成分或通气而夹带的PM等的浓度上升,因此希望定期排水来降低循环水中的污染物质浓度。如图7那样,在饱和蒸汽导入区域出口侧设置在相对于转子旋转方向的下游追加了吹扫区域的排气区域扇形部。在排气区域中,用排气送风机将与排气区域相反的一侧的供气区域的空气与饱和蒸汽一同抽吸吹扫并进行排气,在制冷时和供暖时切换排气送风机的风量。
在制冷时,增加排气送风机的风量而流通能够充分发挥预冷效果的空气量,并设定预冷空气量以使预冷的蜂窝向处理区域移动。通过如此设定,能够防止转子的蓄热被带入供气中,在处理区域中能够将因凝结水的汽化冷却效果而冷却的处理空气进行供气。
通过预冷空气汽化冷却之后,移动至处理区域的蜂窝式转子被冷却,因此供气的焓不会上升,且蜂窝处于潮湿状态,因此不进行除湿就不会产生吸附热,因此供气的温度不会上升。如图11、图12那样,反而具有因汽化冷却效果能够进行比入口低温的供气的效果。例如,若处理入口空气为25℃、50%RH,则出口空气被汽化冷却成接近湿球温度18℃的温度。另外,若对35℃、50%RH的外部空气进行处理,则被汽化冷却成接近湿球温度26℃的温度。如以上那样,在本发明的装置中,虽然不进行除湿,但该湿度区域的除湿能够用热泵轻松地进行调整,因此没有问题。
本发明的换气空调装置如以上那样构成,以下对其动作进行说明。因室内有人而通过呼气中的二氧化碳或吸烟致使室内的二氧化碳浓度上升,或因冬季室内使用开放型炉而产生的二氧化碳致使室内的二氧化碳浓度上升,因此需要对室内空气进行换气。近年来,由于热泵空调的普及和分烟化的进行,呼气以外的二氧化碳产生变少,但换气依旧不容忽视。
在这种情况下,如图4那样,一边使蜂窝式转子1旋转,一边将室内空气或外部空气通入换气空调装置。通过了吸着转子的空气中,二氧化碳或VOC等污染物质气体被去除之后供给至室内。若使来自室内的回流空气通过换气空调装置的蜂窝式转子,则能够减少回流空气中所含的二氧化碳或污染物质浓度并向室内供气。
同时,导入并吸着有饱和蒸汽的二氧化碳等污染物质被解吸并排出至外部空气中,该饱和蒸汽通过在设置于解吸再生区域入口的温水线圈上滴加水而在导热面生成水膜,并将水膜加热蒸发而生成。如此一来,处理空气中所含的二氧化碳或VOC、SOx、NOx等污染物质气体被浓缩并排出至室外。
若从解吸再生区域导入饱和蒸汽,则水蒸气对蜂窝进行加热,并且供给二氧化碳或污染物质的解吸热而冷却,在蜂窝内表面上吸湿及凝结结露。蜂窝内表面的水分在下一个处理区域中发挥积极的效果。吸湿水和/或结露水的第一效果为,刚解吸之后的蜂窝在高温下缺乏吸着能力,但通过处理空气,蜂窝内的水分蒸发而带走汽化潜热,因此快速冷却而开始吸着。
吸湿水和/或结露水的第二效果为,通过处理空气的二氧化碳等污染物质的吸着而产生吸着热,如专利文献3、4、6那样的干燥状态的操作中,如图11的干式吸附那样空气温度上升而吸着力下降,但在本发明中,通过蜂窝表面的水分的蒸发冷却,吸着热转换成潜热而被去除,如图11的汽化冷却吸着那样,升温被抑制而吸着性能得到提高。即,当使处理空气流入转子而使二氧化碳吸着于蜂窝时,若通过吸着热而吸着材料或原料气体的温度上升,则如图6那样吸着量减少,但在本发明中,通过水分的汽化冷却效果而处理空气的温度下降,且通过二氧化碳的吸着而产生的吸着热也通过汽化冷却而被去除,由此蜂窝或原料气体的温度上升得到抑制,能够高效地吸着二氧化碳等污染物质气体。若导入例如35℃、50%RH的外部空气,则通过空气和蜂窝以接近此时的湿球温度26℃的方式产生汽化冷却效果。并且,若为25℃、50%RH的回流空气,则以接近湿球温度18℃的方式产生汽化冷却效果。
吸湿水和/或结露水的第三效果为,胺系离子交换树脂等二氧化碳吸着材料通过离子交换基的水合而吸湿,吸湿状态与干燥状态相比,二氧化碳吸着能力也变高,因此在该意义上也具有提高吸着性能的效果。并且,水合状态的稳定性高,因此耐热、耐氧化性也得到提高。将胺系吸收剂含浸浸渍于活性炭等时也具有同样的效果,具有提高胺系吸收剂的耐久性的效果。
室内空气中的氧被室内人员所消耗,但如前述,氧在大气中足有约21%,1~2%左右的消耗并不特别成为问题,但消耗氧的同时排出的1~2%的二氧化碳对人而言是致命的浓度。若通过被浓缩解吸的二氧化碳或VOC等污染物质的排出而室内成为负压,则外部空气从窗户或门作为间隙风而侵入,或者通过浓度差所引起的扩散而供给氧。即,与排出至室外的污染物质排气的量大致等量的外部空气作为间隙风而被供给,其中有接近21%的氧,因此不会有氧量不足的情况。
而且,本案发明的换气空调装置的排气中二氧化碳浓度已变高,因此若将排气导入塑料大棚(vinyl house)等植物工场的培育室,则植物的生长变快,并且能够抑制向大气排出二氧化碳。
如此,与为了排出室内的仅几ppb~几百ppm的污染物质而向室外排出大量的空气的情况相比,能够削减能量的浪费。并且,若设置二氧化碳传感器,以便仅在二氧化碳浓度成为规定值以上时导入饱和蒸汽来进行解吸再生运行,则能够进一步防止能量的浪费。
如以上说明,由于通过利用余热而产生的饱和水蒸气进行解吸再生,因此节能性提高,从而能够以少的换气量排出室内的二氧化碳或VOC等污染物质,也能够防止换气所伴随的能量的损失。并且,即使在外部空气中包含污染物质,由于换气量少,因此能够将向室内的侵入量抑制为最小,从局部换气或门等侵入的污染物质在通过转子时被吸附排气,因此不成问题。
本发明提供一种能够以少量的换气对室内的二氧化碳或VOC等污染物质进行外部空气排放的换气空调装置,能够提供能够利用余热来防止换气所伴随的能量损耗,节省空间的节能换气空调装置。
Claims (6)
1.一种换气空调方法及装置,其特征在于,
具有具备二氧化碳或VOC气体等污染物质的吸附或吸收功能的蜂窝式转子,将所述蜂窝式转子配置于至少具备处理区域和解吸再生区域的转子旋转装置内,将处理空气通入所述处理区域而去除二氧化碳等污染物质来进行供气,并且导入将在设置于解吸再生区域入口的热交换器上直接喷洒或滴加水而生成的水膜加热蒸发而产生的饱和蒸汽,从而解吸二氧化碳或污染物质并排出至室外,在进入所述处理区域时为所述蜂窝式转子被吸湿水和/或凝结水润湿或潮湿的状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的换气空调装置,其中,
热交换器为温水线圈。
3.根据权利要求1所述的换气空调装置,其中,
热交换器为直膨式热泵的冷凝器线圈。
4.根据权利要求1所述的换气空调装置,其中,
热交换器为板式显热交换器,在高温侧通入排气,在低温侧喷洒或滴加水来产生饱和蒸汽。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的换气空调装置,其中,
利用泵将在所述热交换器上滴加的水抽上来而再次向所述热交换器直接进行喷洒或滴加,从而进行循环。
6.根据权利要求1所述的换气空调装置,其中,
在所述饱和蒸汽产生用热交换器的后段利用设置于转子的近前部的加热器将解吸再生用饱和蒸汽再加热并导入。
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