CN109997872A - A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109997872A
CN109997872A CN201910215071.6A CN201910215071A CN109997872A CN 109997872 A CN109997872 A CN 109997872A CN 201910215071 A CN201910215071 A CN 201910215071A CN 109997872 A CN109997872 A CN 109997872A
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culture
microbial
burkholderia
bacterial fertilizer
tank
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余贤美
艾呈祥
张坤鹏
王洁
翟浩
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Shandong Institute of Pomology
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Shandong Institute of Pomology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/10Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application, microbial-bacterial fertilizer is by bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia according to (1~3): (1~3) is compounded;The bacterial concentration of Bacillus subtillis and Burkholderia is 5x108cfu/ml.Microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the invention is good to persimmon anthracnose control efficiency, no chemical residues and is not likely to produce drug resistance, moreover it is possible to persimmon be promoted to increase production 20% or more.

Description

A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizer production, more particularly to a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof And application.
Background technique
Anthracnose is one of persimmon most serious disease, and especially in recent years, many farmers are made due to this disease At the serious underproduction, or even have no result and can receive, by its harm can seriously fallen leaves, shedding, young sprout is withered or even whole strain is dead.Fruit It catches an illness, mostly occurs in late June to early July, picking time can also be extended to;Just syringe needle size dark brown is generated to black in fruit face Color fleck, rear expand is round or oval, slightly concave to fall into, and periphery is in yellowish-brown, and 5~25 microns of diameter;The dense grey in center The granule point arranged to black wheel line shape when meeting rain or high humidity, overflows pink sticky matter matter;Scab often go deep into cortex hereinafter, Black lump is formed in fruit, generally gives birth to 1~2 scab, more person's dozens ofs, normal early fallout in a disease fruit.Blade is caught an illness, more Betide petiole and vein, first yellowish-brown, after become dark brown to black, strip or irregular shape.Young sprout is caught an illness, and is mostly occurred In late May to early June, black circle fleck, rear dimmed brown initially are generated in surface, scab expands in long oval Shape, middle part is slightly concave to be fallen into and shows brown lobe, generates black small grain point, i.e. germ aceravlus thereon.Black when wet weather Gush out red sticky matter, i.e. spore ball on scab.Scab is 10~20 millimeters long, and its underpart xylem is rotten, and the sick tip easily fractures; When scab is big on branch, the above branch of scab is easily withered.
Currently, the prevention and treatment for persimmon anthracnose, on the basis reinforced cultivation management measure, improve plant disease resistance On, still based on chemical agent, common fungicide have Prochloraz, difenoconazole, Tebuconazole, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, Bravo, carbendazim, iprodione, anilazine, paclobutrazol etc..However, due to continuous, the unreasonable use of chemical pesticide, not only Pesticide residue and environmental pollution are caused, also pathogen is made to produce drug resistance, reduces control efficiency.
Therefore it provides a kind of pair of persimmon anthracnose control efficiency is good, no chemical residues, the microorganism for being not likely to produce drug resistance The problem of bacterial manure and preparation method thereof is those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer pair Persimmon anthracnose control efficiency is good, no chemical residues and is not likely to produce drug resistance.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, by bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia according to (1~3): (1~3) is multiple With forming;The bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtillis and Burkholderia is 5x108cfu/ml。
Further, a kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 30~37 DEG C of 15~20h of culture, the switching of this slant strains is taken to train containing liquid The shaking flask culture for supporting base, in 30~37 DEG C of 24~36h of culture;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, and liquid amount is 30%~60%, adjusts pH to 6.6 ~7.8,121 DEG C of 20~30min of sterilizing open cooling water temperature, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.04~0.06MPa, when When temperature is down to 30~37 DEG C, the thallus in shaking flask is cleaned with 100~200ml sterile saline, is seeded in seeding tank Fluid nutrient medium in, keep 30~37 DEG C, tank press 0.04~0.06MPa, carry out deep ventilation stir culture 16~for 24 hours;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 5%~10% inoculum concentration3The liquid of fermentor In culture medium, 30~37 DEG C, tank 0.04~0.06MPa of pressure are kept, 24~30h of deep ventilation stir culture is carried out, makes withered grass bud The bacterial concentration of born of the same parents bacillus and Burkholderia reaches 5x108cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
By volume (1~3) by the bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation and Burkholderia bacterium solution: (1 ~3) it is uniformly mixed to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Further, the formula of the solid medium are as follows: peptone 10g, beef extract 7g, sodium chloride 7g, distilled water constant volume To 1000ml, pH 7.2~7.4 is adjusted, 18~20g agar is added.
Further, the formula of the fluid nutrient medium are as follows: peptone 20g, yeast extract 5g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2g, phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.1g, glucose 8g, calcium carbonate 10g, distilled water are settled to 1000ml.
Bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are pressed volume by the application method of the microbial-bacterial fertilizer Than (1~3): (1~3) is uniformly mixed, and is diluted with water 100~500 times, is sprayed on persimmon.
Application of the microbial-bacterial fertilizer in prevention and treatment persimmon anthracnose.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that compared with prior art, the present disclosure provides a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizers And its preparation method and application, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer is by bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia according to (1~3): (1~3) compounds, and, no chemical residues good to persimmon anthracnose control efficiency and is not likely to produce drug resistance, moreover it is possible to promote persimmon 20% or more volume increase.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses.
Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) number is ATCC 21951;Burkholderia (Burkholderia cepacia) number is ATCC 25416;It is that purchase obtains.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 30 DEG C of culture 20h, this slant strains is taken to transfer shaking containing fluid nutrient medium Bottle culture, in 30 DEG C of culture 36h;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, liquid amount 30%, adjusts pH to 6.6, and 121 DEG C Sterilize 20min, cooling water temperature is opened, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.04MPa, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C, by shaking flask In thallus cleaned with 100ml sterile saline, be seeded in the fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, keep 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa carries out deep ventilation stir culture for 24 hours;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 10% inoculum concentration3The Liquid Culture of fermentor In base, 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa are kept, deep ventilation stir culture 30h is carried out, makes Bacillus subtillis and onion Bai Kehuo You reach 5x10 by the bacterial concentration of moral Salmonella8cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
The bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation is mixed at 1: 3 by volume with Burkholderia bacterium solution It is even to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 37 DEG C of culture 15h, this slant strains is taken to transfer shaking containing fluid nutrient medium Bottle culture, for 24 hours in 37 DEG C of cultures;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, liquid amount 40%, adjusts pH to 7.8, and 121 DEG C Sterilize 30min, cooling water temperature is opened, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.06MPa, when temperature is down to 37 DEG C, by shaking flask In thallus cleaned with 200ml sterile saline, be seeded in the fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, keep 37 DEG C, tank pressure 0.06MPa carries out deep ventilation stir culture 16h;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 5% inoculum concentration3The fluid nutrient medium of fermentor In, 37 DEG C, tank pressure 0.06MPa are kept, deep ventilation stir culture is carried out for 24 hours, makes primary gram of Hall of Bacillus subtillis and onion The bacterial concentration of moral Salmonella reaches 5x108cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
The bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation is mixed at 1: 1 by volume with Burkholderia bacterium solution It is even to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 35 DEG C of culture 18h, this slant strains is taken to transfer shaking containing fluid nutrient medium Bottle culture, in 35 DEG C of culture 30h;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, liquid amount 50%, adjusts pH to 7.2, and 121 DEG C Sterilize 25min, cooling water temperature is opened, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.05MPa, when temperature is down to 35 DEG C, by shaking flask In thallus cleaned with 150ml sterile saline, be seeded in the fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, keep 35 DEG C, tank pressure 0.05MPa carries out deep ventilation stir culture 20h;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 8% inoculum concentration3The fluid nutrient medium of fermentor In, 35 DEG C, tank pressure 0.05MPa are kept, deep ventilation stir culture 27h is carried out, makes primary gram of Hall of Bacillus subtillis and onion The bacterial concentration of moral Salmonella reaches 5x108cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
The bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation is mixed at 3: 1 by volume with Burkholderia bacterium solution It is even to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 30 DEG C of culture 20h, this slant strains is taken to transfer shaking containing fluid nutrient medium Bottle culture, in 30 DEG C of culture 36h;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, liquid amount 30%, adjusts pH to 6.6, and 121 DEG C Sterilize 20min, cooling water temperature is opened, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.04MPa, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C, by shaking flask In thallus cleaned with 100ml sterile saline, be seeded in the fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, keep 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa carries out deep ventilation stir culture for 24 hours;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 10% inoculum concentration3The Liquid Culture of fermentor In base, 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa are kept, deep ventilation stir culture 30h is carried out, makes Bacillus subtillis and onion Bai Kehuo You reach 5x10 by the bacterial concentration of moral Salmonella8cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
The bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation is mixed at 1: 2 by volume with Burkholderia bacterium solution It is even to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred respectively in Fresh The test tube slant that is put into of solid medium on, in 30 DEG C of culture 20h, this slant strains is taken to transfer shaking containing fluid nutrient medium Bottle culture, in 30 DEG C of culture 36h;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, liquid amount 30%, adjusts pH to 6.6, and 121 DEG C Sterilize 20min, cooling water temperature is opened, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.04MPa, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C, by shaking flask In thallus cleaned with 100ml sterile saline, be seeded in the fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, keep 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa carries out deep ventilation stir culture for 24 hours;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 10% inoculum concentration3The Liquid Culture of fermentor In base, 30 DEG C, tank pressure 0.04MPa are kept, deep ventilation stir culture 30h is carried out, makes Bacillus subtillis and onion Bai Kehuo You reach 5x10 by the bacterial concentration of moral Salmonella8cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
The bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation is mixed at 2: 1 by volume with Burkholderia bacterium solution It is even to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, contains only bacillus subtilis, and the bacterial concentration of Bacillus subtillis is 5x108cfu/ ml。
Comparative example 2
A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer contains only Burkholderia, the bacterial concentration of Burkholderia For 5x108cfu/ml。
(1) respectively by embodiment 1-5, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer that comparative example 1-2 is obtained dilutes 100 times, for spraying.
Persimmon anthracnose controlling experiment uses field trial, and selection growing way is close, the almost the same persimmon of anthracnose illness; Each 50 plants of processing cell, (microbial-bacterial fertilizer of embodiment 1-5, comparative example 1-2 dilute 100 times for each processing;Reference examples: clear Water) each 3 repetitions, it is arranged using random district's groups, processing minizone stays a line to make protection row, with knapsack electric sprayer upper It is sprayed after noon dew is dry, is sprayed on the trunk, branch and leaf of persimmon;In the first tenday period of a month in May, start to spray, sprays one every 15d It is secondary, it sprays altogether 4 times;3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers after spraying every time are recorded before spray next time, after spraying for the last time 15d records the anthracnose recurrence of 3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers and second year and third year, and calculating and reference examples It compares, each rate of growth for handling First Year, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, using microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the invention, persimmon anthracnose can be efficiently prevented and treated, control efficiency is obvious Better than exclusive use bacillus subtilis or Burkholderia;And it is not recurred substantially using after 3 years.
(2) respectively by embodiment 1-5, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer that comparative example 1-2 is obtained dilutes 300 times, for spraying.
Persimmon anthracnose controlling experiment uses field trial, and selection growing way is close, the almost the same persimmon of anthracnose illness; Each 50 plants of processing cell, (microbial-bacterial fertilizer of embodiment 1-5, comparative example 1-2 dilute 300 times for each processing;Reference examples: clear Water) each 3 repetitions, it is arranged using random district's groups, processing minizone stays a line to make protection row, with knapsack electric sprayer upper It is sprayed after noon dew is dry, is sprayed on the trunk, branch and leaf of persimmon;In the first tenday period of a month in May, start to spray, sprays one every 15d It is secondary, it sprays altogether 4 times;3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers after spraying every time are recorded before spray next time, after spraying for the last time 15d records the anthracnose recurrence of 3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers and second year and third year, and calculating and reference examples It compares, each rate of growth for handling First Year, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2, using microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the invention, persimmon anthracnose can be efficiently prevented and treated, control efficiency is obvious Better than exclusive use bacillus subtilis or Burkholderia;And it is not recurred substantially using after 3 years.
(3) respectively by embodiment 1-5, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer that comparative example 1-2 is obtained dilutes 500 times, for spraying.
Persimmon anthracnose controlling experiment uses field trial, and selection growing way is close, the almost the same persimmon of anthracnose illness; Each 50 plants of processing cell, (microbial-bacterial fertilizer of embodiment 1-5, comparative example 1-2 dilute 500 times for each processing;Reference examples: clear Water) each 3 repetitions, it is arranged using random district's groups, processing minizone stays a line to make protection row, with knapsack electric sprayer upper It is sprayed after noon dew is dry, is sprayed on the trunk, branch and leaf of persimmon;In the first tenday period of a month in May, start to spray, sprays one every 15d It is secondary, it sprays altogether 4 times;3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers after spraying every time are recorded before spray next time, after spraying for the last time 15d records the anthracnose recurrence of 3 duplicate average diseased plant numbers and second year and third year, and calculating and reference examples It compares, each rate of growth for handling First Year, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
As shown in Table 3, using microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the invention, persimmon anthracnose can be efficiently prevented and treated, control efficiency is obvious Better than exclusive use bacillus subtilis or Burkholderia;And it is not recurred substantially using after 3 years.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one The widest scope of cause.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, which is characterized in that by bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia according to (1~3): (1~3) compounds;The bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtillis and Burkholderia is 5x108cfu/ml。
2. a kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia bacterium solution are prepared:
A, Spawn incubation: the bacillus subtilis of preservation and Burkholderia are transferred consolidating in Fresh respectively On the test tube slant that body culture medium is put into, in 30~37 DEG C of 15~20h of culture, the switching of this slant strains is taken to contain fluid nutrient medium Shaking flask culture, in 30~37 DEG C of 24~36h of culture;
B, seed tank culture: being added fluid nutrient medium in seeding tank, and liquid amount is 30%~60%, and adjusting pH to 6.6~ 7.8,121 DEG C of 20~30min of sterilizing open cooling water temperature, and logical filtrated air control tank pressure is 0.04~0.06MPa, works as temperature When degree is down to 30~37 DEG C, the thallus in shaking flask is cleaned with 100~200ml sterile saline, is seeded in seeding tank In fluid nutrient medium, 30~37 DEG C of holding, tank 0.04~0.06MPa of pressure, progress deep ventilation stir culture 16~for 24 hours;
C, the culture solution in seeding tank fermentation tank culture: is transferred to 1m with 5%~10% inoculum concentration3The Liquid Culture of fermentor In base, 30~37 DEG C, tank 0.04~0.06MPa of pressure are kept, 24~30h of deep ventilation stir culture is carried out, makes Ko subtilis bar The bacterial concentration of bacterium and Burkholderia reaches 5x108cfu/ml;
(2) bacillus subtilis mixes with Burkholderia bacterium solution:
By volume (1~3) by the bacillus subtilis of step (1) preparation and Burkholderia bacterium solution: (1~3) It is uniformly mixed to get microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
3. a kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the solid medium Formula are as follows: peptone 10g, beef extract 7g, sodium chloride 7g, distilled water are settled to 1000ml, adjust pH 7.2~7.4, are added 18 ~20g agar.
4. a kind of preparation method of microbial-bacterial fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the fluid nutrient medium Formula are as follows: peptone 20g, yeast extract 5g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.1g, glucose 8g, carbon Sour calcium 10g, distilled water are settled to 1000ml.
5. a kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1, the application in prevention and treatment persimmon anthracnose.
CN201910215071.6A 2019-03-20 2019-03-20 A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and its preparation method and application Pending CN109997872A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190712