CN109997607A - Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom - Google Patents
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods for imitating wild long root mushroom, belong to field of edible fungus culture.The cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom, comprising: choose long root mushroom and cultivate plot；Stalk is crushed to straw powder, addition urea, pulverized limestone are blunged uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and are built heap fermentation；Biogas slurry and biogas residue is extracted out from methane-generating pit, is directly discharged on cultivation plot；It is unscrewed using rotary cultivator by plot is cultivated；Using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；Fog-spray nozzle is installed under cultivation plot installation fence and sunshade net, sunshade net；By the plantation of long root mushroom strain into cultivation plot, bacterium furrow are built, control temperature and humidity, cultivation to fruiting.The present invention is compost using fermented stalk and biogas residue biogas; turn out that at low cost, biological efficiency is high, the better long root mushroom of nutritive value using the method for wild Semi-artificial cultivation, for meet market to the needs of long root mushroom provide it is a kind of can standardize, the new mode of large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom.
Background technique
Long root mushroom (Oudemansiella radicat a) also known as long root oudemansiella radicata, long root money bacterium etc., are subordinate to load
Bacterium subphylum, swollen coral Cordycepps, Genus Oudeman Siella Spec, are distributed mainly on temperate zone, the subtropical zone in the Northern Hemisphere, generally in broad-leaf forest, mixed forest
Dan Sheng, scattered or all living creatures are autochthonal type domestomycetes, and the ground such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, the Hunan in China are also distributed.With mostly
Number edible mushroom is the same, rich in protein, amino acid, polysaccharide and mineral element etc., studies show that, long root mushroom food with higher
With value.
Brain healthy is one of important effect of long root mushroom, and there are many amino beneficial to human body in this mushroom food materials
The content of acid, especially arginine and lysine is relatively high, these substances can directly act on the brain of the mankind, can improve
Brain cell activity has very big benefit to promotion intellectual development and raising memory；Long root mushroom, which can also delay senescence, can also nourish
Skin, the polysaccharide and some unsaturated fatty acids that it contains, can remove the free radical in human body, also cell can be delayed old
Change, accelerate cell metabolism, can be reduced the generation of a variety of senile symptoms, while frequent eat can also nourish skin, increase skin bullet
Property, the skin of people can be allowed to become better and better；Long root mushroom can also improve the effect of human heart, it can promote blood flow, full
The dirty needs to blood in sole center, avoid heart ischemia, and in addition long root can also remove the cholesterol in blood, and energy reducing blood lipid also can
Prevent hyperlipidemia, the diseases such as the artery sclerosis high-incidence to person in middle and old age and apoplexy have certain prevention effect.
The market demand of current long root mushroom is continuously increased, and the method for cultivating long root mushroom at present mainly uses greenhouse ridge cultivation
Soil covering culture, but since long root mushroom large-scale production requires environmental Kuznets Curves harsher, the guarantee of temperature and humidity is to setting
Standby is more demanding, causes at high cost needed for condition control.
Chinese patent literature CN108293598A (application number 201810009427.6) discloses a kind of not covering for long root mushroom
Native cultural method.The present invention uses tier rack type not earthing formula cultivation mode to long root mushroom, and is suitable for the long root of all soil covering cultures
The case where mushroom.The present invention first prewets primary raw material after evenly mixing, stirring, then banks up or with fermenting tank for fermentation, sends out
Original formulation spice production bacterium bag, inoculation, culture bacterium germination are pressed after the completion of ferment.After bacterium germination, bacterium bag can be used de- bag or not de- bag,
Orientation or non-directional, the vertical or various ways such as horizontal, adjust environmental factor in the course of cultivation, not earthing may be implemented
Fruiting cultivation.The technology still to environmental requirement harshness, is unable to satisfy the plantation exploitation demand of large-scale low-cost long root mushroom.
Summary of the invention
It is at high cost to solve long root mushroom cultivation in the prior art, and it is not easy the defect of large-scale production, the purpose of the present invention
Be to provide it is a kind of it is at low cost, yield is high, can mode cultivation the cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom.
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: choosing long root mushroom and cultivate plot；
Step 2: stalk being crushed to straw powder, addition urea, pulverized limestone are blunged uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and are built
Heap fermentation；
Step 3: the straw powder after fermentation being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, the biogas slurry and biogas residue that methane-generating pit is extracted out, directly
It is discharged on cultivation plot；
Step 4: under 5~35 DEG C of weather conditions of temperature, being unscrewed using rotary cultivator by plot is cultivated after 2~10 days；
Step 5: using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；
Step 6: fog-spray nozzle is installed below in cultivation plot installation fence and sunshade net, sunshade net；
Step 7: building bacterium furrow in cultivation plot, by the plantation of long root mushroom strain into cultivation plot, control temperature and humidity, plant
It trains to fruiting.
Further, in the step 2, the stalk material is straw, wheat straw or corn stover；The crushing of crushing straw
Machine sieves sieve aperture 3cm, completes after crushing, the accounting in straw powder more than the accounting of 2cm partial size about 50% or so, lower than 1cm
About 20% or so, remaining 30% partial size is 1.1~2cm；The dosage of straw powder is 3000~6000kg/667m2, stalk
The mass ratio of powder, urea and pulverized limestone is 100:2:3；The mass ratio of straw powder, urea and pulverized limestone mixed material and water is 1:
1.5~2.0.
Further, it in the step 2, builds in heap fermentation process, turning need to be carried out according to temperature, according to the temperature in material heap
Degree and external environmental condition carry out moisturizing.
Further, in the step 2, in turning processing, turn pile frequency is 10 days/time at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less,
15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, 24~30 DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；In material heap
Temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its with
When upper, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing；When external environmental condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, supplement
The moisture of 25%-35%；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force < supplement 10% moisture；Turning number≤5 time.
Straw powder after fermentation spreads material heap adjustment base-material index: pH value 7.5~9 out；With the fermentation due ferment of forage
Smell；The straw powder heart of letting go slightly firmly can be rubbed with the hands broken, slightly rubbed with the hands after drying i.e. broken；It can after the adjusted index of straw powder after fermentation
It is spread on cultivation ground；It is unused at that time, natural drying to 15% or less moisture content can be given and stored.
Further, in the step 3, the dosage of the straw powder after fermentation is 3000~6000kg/667m2, with pig manure
Or cow dung or pig manure cow dung carry out fermentation to generate the dosage of the biogas slurry and biogas residue after biogas being 2~5kg/m jointly2；The step 1,
Cultivation plot need to plough deeply > 20cm thickness, and after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding ridging weir is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted.
Further, in the step 4, the plot depth > 12cm unscrewed, temperature condition unscrews frequency 9 when being 5~15 DEG C
~10 days/time, temperature condition unscrews 6~8 days/time of frequency when being 16~22 DEG C；Temperature condition unscrews frequency 3 when being 23~30 DEG C
~5 days/time, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its more than when unscrew 2 days/time of frequency.
Further, in the step 6, the height of fence is 2-2.5m, it is preferred that it is climing that spring can shift to an earlier date nursery green length
Plant such as sponge gourd, pumpkin, cucurbit, edible gourd etc. is transplanted in fence, and summer can form green shade；Every 3 meters below sunshade net
1 fog-spray nozzle of interval installation.
Further, in the step 7, the dosage of long root mushroom strain is 2000kg/667m2, by long root mushroom bacterium when sowing
It kind smashes to shelled peanut size, direct machine is spread or artificial uniform broadcasting is to cultivating plot；The planting depth of strain is below ground
3-15cm。
Further, in the step 7, the size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 10 meters of length or less；Between each bacterium furrow
It is spaced 0.3 meter, builds wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow
Road.
Further, in the step 7, the method for controlling temperature and humidity is cultivation plot of being sprayed using clear water, makes to revolve
Soil after ploughing is heavy real, is conducive to strain and is sufficiently combined with straw powder and soil；Plastic film is covered, heat preservation water conservation is played the role of；
Remove within 10th day plastic film, carries out gravity-flow ventilation；During strain bacterium germination, air humidity regulation is carried out using fog-spray nozzle, keeps ground
In semi-wet state；During strain fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding state, until adopting
It receives.
It should be noted that the production of strain involved in the present invention, insect pest preventing and controlling and fructification harvesting etc. are conventional skill
Art does not illustrate one by one.
The invention has the following advantages:
The present invention is compost using fermented stalk and biogas residue biogas, using the long root of method culture of wild Semi-artificial cultivation
Mushroom, realizes the efficient utilization of biogas residue and biogas liquid and stalk, and cultivate at low cost, biological efficiency is high, nutritive value is more preferable, food
It is better than the mushroom product that conventional canopy is planted with mouthfeel and its flavor, cumbersome produced such as improves market price, and reduce bacteria stick production
Journey, save mushroom shed construction investment 50% or so, for meet market to the needs of long root mushroom provide one kind can standardize,
The new mode of large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific implementation
Example is described in detail.But the present invention is limited to absolutely not these examples.The following is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, Jin Jinyong
To explain the present invention, it cannot be construed as a limitation to the scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that all in the present invention
Spirit and principle within any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. done, should be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Except specified otherwise, component used in the present invention is commercial product.
Embodiment 1
Long root mushroom planting season is 2 months, and fruiting season is June.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: it chooses long root mushroom and cultivates plot, 20cm thickness is ploughed deeply in cultivation plot, after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding ridging
Weir is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted；
Step 2: corn stalk powder is broken to straw powder 3000kg, urea 60kg, pulverized limestone 90kg, material-water ratio 1 is added:
1.5 stir evenly, and are placed in 667cm2Heap fermentation is built on cultivation plot, is built in heap fermentation process, and turning and moisturizing are carried out to material heap
Processing, turn pile frequency is 10 days/time at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less, and 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, and 24~30 DEG C are turned over
5 days/time, 31 DEG C of heap frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；In material heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 mend
Water, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its more than when, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing, external environmental condition gas
When warm >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, the moisture of 25%-35% is supplemented；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force <,
Supplement 10% moisture；Turning 3 times；
Step 3: the straw powder after fermentation being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, dosage 3000kg/667m2, from methane-generating pit
Extract biogas slurry and biogas residue before reloading out, dosage calculates 3kg/m with biogas slurry2, cover on the cultivation plot sprinkled with straw powder；
Step 4: unscrewing processing for plot is cultivated using rotary cultivator, the plot depth 15cm unscrewed, temperature condition is 5~15
DEG C when unscrew 9~10 days/time of frequency, temperature condition unscrews 6~8 days/time of frequency when being 16~22 DEG C；Temperature condition is 23~30
DEG C when unscrew 3~5 days/time of frequency, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its more than when unscrew 2 days/time of frequency；
Step 5: using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；
Step 6: installing cultivation plot surrounding additional high about 2.5 meters of cement post or steel column, fence and sunshade are installed
Net, 3 meter ampere of face interval fills 1 fog-spray nozzle under sunshade net；
Step 7: by 2000kg/667m2Long root mushroom strain be broken into shelled peanut size, broadcast sowing cultivation plot on, kind
Plant depth is below ground 10cm, and building bacterium furrow, (size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 6 meters of length；0.3 is spaced between each bacterium furrow
Meter, wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road is built between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow), it adopts
With using clear water sprinkling irrigation cultivation plot, plastic film is covered, removes within the 10th day plastic film, during bacterium germination, it is wet that air is carried out using fog-spray nozzle
Degree regulation, keeps ground to be in semi-wet state；During fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding shape
State, until harvesting.
Embodiment 2
Long root mushroom planting season is March, and fruiting season is June.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: it chooses long root mushroom and cultivates plot, cultivation plot need to plough deeply 25cm thickness, after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding training
Earth bank is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted；
Step 2: corn stalk powder is broken to straw powder 3000kg, urea 60kg, pulverized limestone 90kg is added, by material-water ratio 1:
1.7 blunge uniformly, are placed in 667cm2Cultivation plot on build heap fermentation, build in heap fermentation process, to material heap carry out turning and
Moisturizing processing, turn pile frequency is 10 days/time at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less, and 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, 24~30
DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；In material heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:
0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its more than when, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing, external environment
When condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, the moisture of 25%-35% is supplemented；25 DEG C of temperature <, wind-force
4 grades of <, supplement 10% moisture；Turning 5 times；
Step 3: the straw powder after fermentation being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, dosage 4500kg/667m2, from methane-generating pit
Extract biogas slurry and biogas residue before reloading out, dosage calculates 3kg/m with biogas slurry2, cover on the cultivation plot sprinkled with straw powder；
Step 4: unscrewing processing for plot is cultivated using rotary cultivator, the plot depth 15cm unscrewed, temperature condition is 5~15
DEG C when unscrew 9~10 days/time of frequency, temperature condition unscrews 6~8 days/time of frequency when being 16~22 DEG C；Temperature condition is 23~30
DEG C when unscrew 3~5 days/time of frequency, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its more than when unscrew 2 days/time of frequency；
Step 5: using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；
Step 6: installing cultivation plot surrounding additional high about 2.5 meters of cement post or steel column, fence and sunshade are installed
Net, 3 meters of face interval or so installations, 1 fog-spray nozzle under sunshade net；
Step 7: by 2000kg/667m2Long root mushroom strain be broken into shelled peanut size, broadcast sowing cultivation plot on, kind
Plant depth is below ground 15cm, and building bacterium furrow, (size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 6 meters of length；0.3 is spaced between each bacterium furrow
Meter, wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road is built between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow), it adopts
With using clear water sprinkling irrigation cultivation plot, plastic film is covered, removes within the 10th day plastic film, during bacterium germination, it is wet that air is carried out using fog-spray nozzle
Degree regulation, keeps ground to be in semi-wet state；During fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding shape
State, until harvesting.
Embodiment 3
Long root mushroom planting season is March, and fruiting season is July.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: it chooses long root mushroom and cultivates plot, cultivation plot need to plough deeply 25cm thickness, after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding training
Earth bank is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted；
Step 2: corn stalk powder is broken to straw powder 3000kg, urea 60kg, pulverized limestone 90kg is added, by material-water ratio 1:
1.8 blunge uniformly, are placed in 667cm2Cultivation plot on build heap fermentation, build in heap fermentation process, to material heap carry out turning and
Moisturizing processing, turn pile frequency is 10 days/time at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less, and 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, 24~30
DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；In material heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:
0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its more than when, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing, external environment
When condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, the moisture of 25%-35% is supplemented；25 DEG C of temperature <, wind-force
4 grades of <, supplement 10% moisture；Turning 4 times；
Step 3: the straw powder after fermentation being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, dosage 5000kg/667m2, from methane-generating pit
Extract biogas slurry and biogas residue before reloading out, dosage calculates 3kg/m with biogas slurry2, cover on the cultivation plot sprinkled with straw powder；
Step 4: unscrewing processing for plot is cultivated using rotary cultivator, the plot depth 15cm unscrewed, temperature condition is 5~15
DEG C when unscrew 9~10 days/time of frequency, temperature condition unscrews 6~8 days/time of frequency when being 16~22 DEG C；Temperature condition is 23~30
DEG C when unscrew 3~5 days/time of frequency, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its more than when unscrew 2 days/time of frequency；
Step 5: using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；
Step 6: installing cultivation plot surrounding additional high about 2.5 meters of cement post or steel column, fence and sunshade are installed
Net, 3 meters of face interval or so installations, 1 fog-spray nozzle under sunshade net；
Step 7: by 2000kg/667m2Long root mushroom strain be broken into shelled peanut size, broadcast sowing cultivation plot on, kind
Plant depth is below ground 15cm, and building bacterium furrow, (size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 6 meters of length；0.3 is spaced between each bacterium furrow
Meter, wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road is built between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow), it adopts
With using clear water sprinkling irrigation cultivation plot, plastic film is covered, removes within the 10th day plastic film, during bacterium germination, it is wet that air is carried out using fog-spray nozzle
Degree regulation, keeps ground to be in semi-wet state；During fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding shape
State, until harvesting.
Following comparative example is only arranged in beneficial effect in order to further illustrate the present invention by taking embodiment 2 as an example.
Comparative example 1
Long root mushroom planting season is March, and fruiting season is June.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: it chooses long root mushroom and cultivates plot, cultivation plot need to plough deeply 25cm thickness, after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding training
Earth bank is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted；
Step 2: corn stalk powder being broken to straw powder 6000kg, urea 120kg, pulverized limestone 180kg is added and presses material-water ratio 1
: 1.7 blunge uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and build heap fermentation, build in heap fermentation process, carry out at turning and moisturizing to material heap
Reason, the dosage of biogas slurry are 3kg/m2, directly row is in ground；At 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less turn pile frequency be 10 days/time, 15~23
DEG C turn pile frequency is 7 days/time, 24~30 DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；Temperature 50 in material heap
DEG C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its more than when, material
Water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing when external environmental condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, supplements 25%-35%
Moisture；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force < supplement 10% moisture；Turning 5 times, mixed resin is prepared；
Step 3: mixed resin prepared by step 2 being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, dosage 5000kg/667m2, use
Rotary cultivator unscrews processing for plot is cultivated, and the plot depth 15cm unscrewed, temperature condition unscrews frequency 9~10 when being 5~15 DEG C
Day/time, temperature condition unscrews 6~8 days/time of frequency when being 16~22 DEG C；Temperature condition unscrews frequency 3~5 when being 23~30 DEG C
Day/time, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its more than when unscrew 2 days/time of frequency；
Step 4: after step 2 and 3 reprocessing cultivation plot, installing cultivation plot surrounding additional high about 2.5 meters of water
Mud column or steel column install fence and sunshade net, 3 meters of face interval or so installations, 1 fog-spray nozzle under sunshade net；
Step 5: by 2000kg/667m2Long root mushroom strain be broken into shelled peanut size, broadcast sowing cultivation plot on, kind
Plant depth is below ground 15cm, and building bacterium furrow, (size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 6 meters of length；0.3 is spaced between each bacterium furrow
Meter, wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road is built between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow), it adopts
With using clear water sprinkling irrigation cultivation plot, plastic film is covered, removes within the 10th day plastic film, during bacterium germination, it is wet that air is carried out using fog-spray nozzle
Degree regulation, keeps ground to be in semi-wet state；During fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding shape
State, until harvesting.
Comparative example 2
Long root mushroom planting season is March, and fruiting season is June.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: corn stalk powder is broken to straw powder 3000kg, urea 60kg, pulverized limestone 90kg is added, by material-water ratio 1:
1.6 blunge uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and build heap fermentation, and the dosage of biogas slurry is 3kg/m2, directly arrange and be allowed to down in ground
It seeps；Build in heap fermentation process, turning and moisturizing carried out to material heap and handled, at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less turn pile frequency for 10 days/
Secondary, 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, 24~30 DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；Material
In heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and
When more than it, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing when external environmental condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, is mended
Fill the moisture of 25%-35%；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force < supplement 10% moisture；Turning 5 times, mixed resin is prepared；
Step 2: by mixed resin prepared by step 1 adjustment pH value be 7.5-8.5, moisture content 53-56%, routinely
Method pack sterilizes 4-8h under the conditions of being placed in 100-120 DEG C, is inoculated with after cooling at bacterium bag both ends, inoculum concentration 1-2%, sealing is set
It is cultivated under room temperature；
Step 3: when the long purseful of mycelia, being moulded bag and taken off, be lying in cultivation area simultaneously earthing；It is sprinkled profoundly water after earthing,
Need the bacterium germination time in about 20 days or so soil layers；After earthing surface has long root mushroom mycelia to grow, management of producing mushroom rank can be entered
Section is normal to harvest after mushroom body length to medium well.
Comparative example 3
Long root mushroom planting season is March, and fruiting season is June.
Imitate the cultural method of wild long root mushroom, comprising:
Step 1: corn stalk powder is broken to straw powder 3000kg, urea 60kg, pulverized limestone 90kg is added, by material-water ratio 1:
1.5 blunge uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and build heap fermentation, and the dosage of biogas slurry is 3kg/m2, directly arrange and be allowed to down in ground
It seeps；Build in heap fermentation process, turning and moisturizing carried out to material heap and handled, at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less turn pile frequency for 10 days/
Secondary, 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, 24~30 DEG C 5 days/time, 31 DEG C of turn pile frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；Material
In heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 moisturizing, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and
When more than it, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing when external environmental condition temperature >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, is mended
Fill the moisture of 25%-35%；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force < supplement 10% moisture；Turning 5 times, mixed resin is prepared；
Step 2: the uniform spreading of the mixed resin that step 1 is prepared cultivation plot on, mixed resin with a thickness of
20cm；
Step 3: by 2000kg/667m2Long root mushroom strain be broken into shelled peanut size, broadcast sowing cultivation plot on, kind
Plant depth is below ground 15cm, and building bacterium furrow, (size specification of bacterium furrow is 1.2 meters wide, 6 meters of length；0.3 is spaced between each bacterium furrow
Meter, wide about 2.5 meters of hauling operation road is built between every 4 bacterium furrow, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow), it adopts
With using clear water sprinkling irrigation cultivation plot, plastic film is covered, removes within the 10th day plastic film, during bacterium germination, it is wet that air is carried out using fog-spray nozzle
Degree regulation, keeps ground to be in semi-wet state；During fruiting, the ground in cultivation plot is kept to be in wet but not ponding shape
State, until harvesting.
And our rule is directly to mix base-material with soil in the form of raw material, it will be former by the participation of edaphon
Material progress is decomposed, is then sown into strain；The artificial and place of a large amount of base-material fermentations, also, setting spray above cultivation area are saved
Mist head is more advantageous to the growth of long root mushroom mycelia and maintains vigour, is especially more conducive to the growth of mushroom body being humidified and moisturizing.
The biological efficiency of long root mushroom prepared by above-described embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 is measured, biological efficiency is
The ratio of the fresh mushroom (or dry mushroom) of the air-dried material output of each unit, the calculation formula of biological efficiency of the present invention are the fresh of output
The air-dried material weight of mushroom weight/base-material, specific data are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Group | Biological efficiency |
| Embodiment 1 | 120% |
| Embodiment 2 | 155% |
| Embodiment 3 | 140% |
| Comparative example 1 | 105.5% |
| Comparative example 2 | 103.1% |
| Comparative example 3 | 90% |
Since wild long root mushroom is larger by such environmental effects, the present inventor combines the cultivating and growing of many years to pass through
It tests, uses fermented stalk and biogas residue and biogas liquid for compost, find out and standardized cultivation is carried out to long root mushroom under different temperature conditions,
Cultivation cost is greatly reduced, according to table 1, the long root mushroom biological efficiency that the present invention cultivates is generally kept in 120%
Left and right, reaches as high as 160%, moreover, reducing the investments about 50% or so such as mushroom shed construction；And the long root mushroom that the present invention cultivates,
Nutritive value and eating mouth feel and flavor are significantly better than conventional mushroom product, and market value is higher than conventional mushroom product 20-50%.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom characterized by comprising
Step 1: choosing long root mushroom and cultivate plot；
Step 2: stalk being crushed to straw powder, addition urea, pulverized limestone are blunged uniformly, are placed on cultivation plot and are built heap hair
Ferment；
Step 3: the straw powder after fermentation being uniformly sprinkling upon on cultivation plot, the biogas slurry and biogas residue that methane-generating pit is extracted out, direct emission
Onto cultivation plot；
Step 4: under 5~35 DEG C of weather conditions of temperature, being unscrewed using rotary cultivator by plot is cultivated after 2~10 days；
Step 5: using step 3 and 4 reprocessing cultivation plot；
Step 6: fog-spray nozzle is installed below in cultivation plot installation fence and sunshade net, sunshade net；
Step 7: building bacterium furrow in cultivation plot, by the plantation of long root mushroom strain into cultivation plot, control temperature and humidity, cultivation is extremely
Fruiting.
2. the cultural method according to claim 1 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 2, the straw
Stalk material is straw, wheat straw or corn stover；The mass ratio of straw powder, urea and pulverized limestone is 100:2:3, straw powder, urea
It is 1: 1.5~2.0 with the mass ratio of pulverized limestone mixed material and water.
3. the cultural method according to claim 1 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 2, Jian Duifa
During ferment, turning need to be carried out according to temperature, according to the temperature and external environmental condition in material heap, carry out moisturizing.
4. the cultural method according to claim 3 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 2, at turning
In reason, turn pile frequency is 10 days/time at 14 DEG C of weather temperature or less, and 15~23 DEG C of turn pile frequencies are 7 days/time, and 24~30 DEG C are turned over
5 days/time, 31 DEG C of heap frequency or more 2 days/time of turn pile frequency；In material heap temperature 50 C and its it is following when, by material-water ratio 1:0.2 mend
Water, at 51~60 DEG C, by material-water ratio 1:0.4 moisturizing, 61 DEG C and its more than when, material-water ratio 1:0.6 moisturizing；External environmental condition gas
When warm >=25 DEG C, wind-force >=4 grade, with material heap Mass Calculation, the moisture of 25%-35% is supplemented；25 DEG C of temperature <, 4 grades of wind-force <,
Supplement 10% moisture；Turning number≤5 time.
5. the cultural method according to claim 4 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 3, after fermentation
Straw powder dosage be 3000~6000kg/667m2, the dosage of biogas slurry and biogas residue is 2~5kg/m2；The step 1, milpa
Block need to plough deeply > 20cm thickness, and after leveling, cultivation plot surrounding ridging weir is about 0.3 meter high, and is compacted.
6. the cultural method for imitating wild long root mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, rotation
Plot depth > 12cm of pine, temperature condition unscrew 9~10 days/time of frequency, when temperature condition is 16~22 DEG C when being 5~15 DEG C
Unscrew 6~8 days/time of frequency；Temperature condition unscrews 3~5 days/time of frequency when being 23~30 DEG C, temperature condition be 31 DEG C and its with
2 days/time of frequency were unscrewed when upper.
7. the cultural method according to claim 1 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 6, fence
Height is 2-2.5m, and 1 fog-spray nozzle is installed at every 3 meters of intervals below sunshade net.
8. the cultural method according to claim 1 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 7, long root mushroom
The dosage of strain is 2000kg/667m2, planting depth is below ground 3-15cm.
9. the cultural method according to claim 8 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 7, bacterium furrow
Size specification is 1.2 meters wide, 10 meters of length or less；It is spaced 0.3 meter between each bacterium furrow, is built between every 4 bacterium furrow about 2.5 meters wide
Hauling operation road, hauling operation road is built at the both ends of every discharge of bacteria furrow.
10. the cultural method according to claim 1 for imitating wild long root mushroom, which is characterized in that in the step 7, control
The method of temperature and humidity is after spraying cultivation plot using clear water, to cover plastic film, remove plastic film within the 10th day；Strain bacteria developing period
Between, air humidity regulation is carried out using fog-spray nozzle, ground is kept to be in semi-wet state；During strain fruiting, cultivation is kept
The ground in plot is in wet but not ponding state, until harvesting.
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