CN109958556A - 废气冷却器以及具有废气冷却器的废气再循环*** - Google Patents

废气冷却器以及具有废气冷却器的废气再循环*** Download PDF

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CN109958556A
CN109958556A CN201811534027.3A CN201811534027A CN109958556A CN 109958556 A CN109958556 A CN 109958556A CN 201811534027 A CN201811534027 A CN 201811534027A CN 109958556 A CN109958556 A CN 109958556A
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lid
gaseous effluent
seamed edge
wall
exhaust
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纪尧姆·赫伯特
安德烈·雷帕
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Hanon Systems Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F02M26/32—Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/025—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/006—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for regenerative heat-exchange apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0282—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/02—Streamline-shaped elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/10—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overheating, e.g. heat shields

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

一种废气冷却器(10)，具有至少一个废气通道(16)，其通过至少一个壁限定，所述壁在入口(12)处具有基本上垂直于流动方向的至少一个棱边，并且其特征在于，至少一个棱边通过盖(22)覆盖，所述盖朝向棱边限定气隙。一种废气再循环***，具有至少一个这种废气冷却器。

Description

废气冷却器以及具有废气冷却器的废气再循环***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气冷却器以及具有至少一个这种废气冷却器的废气再循环***。
在内燃机的领域上常见的是：以一定的规模将废气引回到新鲜空气侧上，以便降低燃料消耗并且减少排放。至少在确定的运行状态中必须冷却所引回的废气。
背景技术
对此，例如由US 8 002 022B2已知，通过多个废气通道引导废气，这些废气通道的前部棱边与基盘焊接，并且这些废气通道容纳在壳体中，使得在壳体与废气管道之间、或在这些废气管道之间能产生例如液态的冷却剂、尤其水/乙二醇的流动。在此，然而，冷却器尤其在气体进入侧变热，这导致，所述冷却器在此具有比在其他走向中明显更高的温度。这导致冷却器的材料中的不均匀的温度分布并且因此导致应力。气体的和冷却剂的尤其温度变化在不同的材料厚度时并且因此在不同的温度变化速度时导致温度分布中的进一步的不均匀，所述不均匀导致所述应力，所述温度变化基于内燃机的不稳定运行特性而出现(例如冷启动、负载交变、废气再循环率(AGR-Rate)等)。
在气体入口的区域中，以特别紧要的形式出现这种不均匀，因为废气管道的前部的薄棱边与未冷却的热的废气质量流相遇，并且基于薄壁性，引入的热量仅能够被缓慢地输出给冷却水。第二，在此，废气管道通常侧向地与壳体连接，所述壳体具有明显更高的壁厚并且其温度因此以更大的惯性变化，或壳体壁不直接经受热的废气质量流。在一些应用中，在壳体的外部存在厚壁的法兰，所述法兰使所述情况进一步加剧。被加热的废气管道在入口区域中膨胀，因为壳体的和/或法兰的温度还未充分变化以导致相似的膨胀，所述不同的膨胀导致应力。
应力导致更薄的构件即废气管道的前部棱边中的塑性变形，所述棱边收缩和/或撞击轴。在冷却时，要么比较薄的板材更快地冷却，要么所有所提及的部件虽然同时冷却，然而所收缩的板材必须又返回其初始位置并且膨胀，这在废气管道的前部棱边中产生拉应力。所述交变负载和塑性变形导致废气管道的材料的失效。对此，也要考虑的是：废气冷却器在其使用寿命上必须承受所述交变负载多于100000次。
此外，入口区域中的以上所述的、提高的热量输入可导致在所述区域中的冷却剂的煮沸。
发明内容
在所述背景下，本发明所基于的任务是：实现持久稳定的且同时成本有利的废气冷却器。
所述任务的解决方案通过本发明的废气冷却器实现。
因此，至少一个废气通道的至少一个壁的至少一个棱边在入口处通过盖如此覆盖，使得朝向棱边限定气隙。当在流动方向上观察废气冷却器时，气隙可以极其微小地构造并且不必须一定在所述棱边的整个宽度和/或高度上延伸。更确切地说，关键的是：棱边通过根据本发明的盖不在其整个延伸上经受会导致以上所述问题的热的废气流。盖也可以称为覆盖件或偏转装置。应该提及的是：废气通道以下也称为废气管道。
通过棱边的覆盖，棱边小规模地变热，并且可以避免所述问题。换言之，棱边不如在没有根据本发明的盖的情况下那样大规模地膨胀，并且冷却剂同样不如此大规模地变热。因此，总体上，这种废气冷却器的使用寿命可提高。
因此，本发明将可以大规模设有肋或鳍(Finne)的废气冷却器的优点、即高的热传递速率以及小的压力损失与废气管道在废气入口处的棱边的保护相结合。
根据本发明的废气冷却器的优选扩展方案在下文中描述。
为了能够尽可能大规模地使用根据本发明的优点，设置有至少一个盖，其在垂直于流动方向的至少一个方向上具有最大延伸，所述最大延伸相应于废气管道的壁的宽度和/或两个废气管道之间的通常在垂直方向上测量的距离。当两个延伸方向如所描述的那样实施时，棱边完全被覆盖，然而应该提及的是：棱边的尤其在宽度方向上的个别区域可以保持露出。
对于根据本发明的盖的安装，已经被证明有利的是：所述盖能够套装在两个废气通道的相邻的壁上。
为了以有利的方式小地保持压力损失，对于至少一个盖的指向流的端部优选的是，所述端部倒圆角地实施。
由于相同的理由，至少一个盖在其在流动方向上的伸展中具有至少一个斜坡和/或台阶。
虽然对于盖可以使用任意的、合适的材料，然而现在优选，由金属实施至少一个盖。金属优选是钢，尤其，比较薄的钢板作为材料是足够的。
对于固定到废气通道的优选两个相邻的壁处，优选，至少一个盖具有至少一个固定接片。
特别稳固的安装通过以下方式实现：至少一个盖钎焊或焊接到废气通道的典型地两个相邻的壁处。
应该提及的是：在此描述的发明可以与如下所有特征和观点组合：所述特征和观点在申请人在2017年9月22提交的德国专利申请中描述，所述专利申请具有申请号102017216819.6/标题“Abgaskühler und Abgasrückführsystem(废气冷却器和废气再循环***)”。因此，所有在此和在那里描述的特征的组合视为本发明的实施方式。
附图说明
以下参考附图更详细地阐述本发明的在附图中示出的实施方式。附图示出：
图1：根据本发明的废气冷却器的立体的部分视图；以及
图2：根据本发明的废气冷却器的入口区域的截面视图。
具体实施方式
如在图1中可看到的那样，根据本发明的废气冷却器10能够通过在所示出的情况下在其入口12处设置的法兰安装并且在流动方向上(在图1中向下)具有多个废气通道或管道16，所述多个废气通道或管道可以为了更好的热传递以肋或鳍填充。废气管道16在流动方向上通常具有相同的横截面并且通过壁限定，所述壁距入口几毫米或几厘米在紧相邻的壁的情况下具有彼此远离延伸的台阶8，使得限定用于冷却剂的流动通道20。因此，废气管道的壁的处于图1上部的棱边指向流动方向并且由于流入的、热的废气变得特别热。为了保护壁的所述棱边，根据本发明设置有盖22，其中，在图1中示出仅一个盖。然而，可理解的是：其他棱边优选地也可以具有这种盖22或覆盖件。在图1中，可看到在流动方向上从盖22延伸的固定接片24，其中，在每侧上即在图1中左侧和右侧，设置有两个或多个所述固定接片。在图1中还可看到，盖22相对于如下平面对称构造：所述平面包括流动方向以及入口处的棱边。
这补充地由图2得知。在此，重新看到相对于如下平面的对称：所述平面包括流动方向(在图2中从右向左)以及废气管道的棱边的延伸(在图2中垂直于制图平面)。此外，由图2得知覆盖件22的倒圆角的、前部的、指向流动方向的端部。在覆盖件在流动方向上的伸展的大约一半上，所述伸展相对于流动方向构成微小的斜坡、也就是说构成锐角。连接于此的是在很大程度上平行于流动方向的区段。随后构造台阶，并且借助大约平行于流动方向构造的另一区段来实现安装到两个相邻的废气管道的如下壁处：所述壁在彼此之间限定用于液态的冷却剂的流动通道20。在盖22的内部并且朝向相应的废气管道的壁，构成气隙，其提供所描述的热隔离。以有利的方式，盖(必要时除了固定接片之外)在其沿废气管道的棱边的延伸上、也就是说在图2中垂直于制图平面具有相同的轮廓。

Claims (9)

1.一种废气冷却器(10)，具有至少一个废气通道(16)，所述废气通道通过至少一个壁限定，所述壁在入口(12)处具有基本上垂直于流动方向的至少一个棱边，其特征在于，至少一个棱边通过盖(22)覆盖，所述盖朝向所述棱边限定气隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)具有垂直于流动方向的至少一个最大延伸，所述至少一个最大延伸相应于所述壁的垂直于所述流动方向的宽度和/或相应于两个废气通道之间的垂直于所述流动方向的距离。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)套装在废气通道(16)的两个相邻的壁上。
4.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)的指向流的端部倒圆角地实施。
5.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)在其在流动方向上的伸展中具有至少一个斜坡和/或台阶。
6.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)由金属、尤其钢板实施。
7.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)具有至少一个固定接片(24)。
8.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器(10)，其特征在于，至少一个盖(22)钎焊或焊接到废气通道(16)的两个相邻的壁处。
9.一种废气再循环***，具有至少一个根据以上权利要求中至少一项所述的废气冷却器。
CN201811534027.3A 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 废气冷却器以及具有废气冷却器的废气再循环*** Pending CN109958556A (zh)

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JP2019105271A (ja) 2019-06-27
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US20190186433A1 (en) 2019-06-20
FR3076866A1 (fr) 2019-07-19

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