CN109538382A - 废气冷却器和具有废气冷却器的废气回导*** - Google Patents

废气冷却器和具有废气冷却器的废气回导*** Download PDF

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CN109538382A
CN109538382A CN201810929641.3A CN201810929641A CN109538382A CN 109538382 A CN109538382 A CN 109538382A CN 201810929641 A CN201810929641 A CN 201810929641A CN 109538382 A CN109538382 A CN 109538382A
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gaseous effluent
flue gas
exhaust gas
wall
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卡斯滕·奥雷姆
彼得·塞斯波拉
于尔根·诺特鲍姆
伊里·托梅切克
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Hanon Systems Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F02M26/32—Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems characterised by means for attaching parts of an EGR system to each other or to engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/0056—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside conduits; with centrally arranged openings on the plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/0287—Other particular headers or end plates having passages for different heat exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及废气冷却器和具有废气冷却器的废气回导***。所述废气冷却器具有至少一个用于待冷却的废气的废气管(12)，并且其特征在于，在至少一个废气管(12)的入口(14)处，沿着至少一个壁的垂直于所述废气的流动方向的延伸方向在所述废气管(12)的壁(20)和侧面相邻的构件(22，26)之间设置至少一个间隙(16)。

Description

废气冷却器和具有废气冷却器的废气回导***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气冷却器以及一种具有至少一个这种废气冷却器的废气回导***。
背景技术
在内燃机的领域中常见的是，在一定程度上将废气回导到新鲜空气侧，以便降低燃料消耗并且减少排放。至少在特定的运行状态中，回导的废气必须被冷却。
在这方面例如从JP 5941878 B2中已知的是，将废气引导穿过大量的废气管，所述废气管容纳在壳体中，使得在壳体和废气管之间，或在多个废气管之间，会产生具有例如液态的冷却剂，尤其水/乙二醇的流动。然而，在这种情况下，冷却器尤其在气体进入侧处发热，这导致：该冷却器在此与在较远的伸展部中相比具有明显更高的温度。这导致冷却器的材料中不均匀的温度分布并从而引起应力。尤其是，气体和冷却剂的温度变化在不同的材料厚度的情况下和从而在不同的温度变化速度的情况下导致温度分布中的进一步的不均匀性，所述不均匀性引起所描述的应力，其中所述温度变化因内燃机的不稳定的运行特性而出现(例如冷启动、负荷变化、AGR比率等)。
在气体入口的区域中，这种不均匀性以特别临界的形式出现，因为一方面废气管的前部的薄棱边与未被冷却的热废气质量流相遇，并且由于薄壁性，所引入的热量只能够缓慢地散发给冷却水。其二，废气管在此通常在侧面与壳体连接，所述壳体具有明显更大的壁厚度并且其温度因此以更大的惯性改变，或者壳体壁不直接经受热的废气质量流。在一些应用中，在壳体外部存在厚壁的法兰，所述法兰进一步加剧所述状况。在入口区域中发热的废气管膨胀，因为壳体和/或法兰的温度尚未充分地改变以引起类似的膨胀，所以这种不同的膨胀引起应力。
所述应力引起较薄的构件即废气管的前部棱边中的塑性变形，所述前部棱边收缩和/或产生影响。在进行冷却时，要么相对薄的金属板较快地冷却，要么所有所提到的部件尽管同时冷却，但是收缩的金属板必须再次回到其初始位置中并且膨胀，这在废气管的前部棱边中产生拉伸应力。这种交变应变和塑性变形导致废气管的材料发生机能失常。在这方面也要考虑的是，废气冷却器在其使用寿命上必须承受住所描述的几十万次的交变应变。
发明内容
在此背景下，本发明基于下述目的：实现持久稳定的并且同时低成本的废气冷却器。
该目的的解决方案通过在本发明的实施例中所描述的废气冷却器来实现。
因此，在至少一个废气管的入口处设有至少一个相对于侧面相邻的构件的间隙。换言之，至少一个废气管沿着其垂直于流动方向的延伸方向不固定在环绕的构件上，如例如壳体和/或法兰上，而是在侧面紧邻于管的至少一个壁，并且与至少一个侧，优选所有壁相邻地存在间隙，使得管在发热时能够垂直于流动方向能够自由膨胀。因此，在膨胀时，不产生在上文中所描述的导致损伤的应力和塑性变形。废气管和壳体之间的连接在气体流下游在如下位置处进行，在所述位置处期望有均匀的温度分布。附加地，冷却剂的引导能够以有利的方式实施，使得所述引导良好地冷却这种跨越构件的连接。
应补充的是，废气管的分别相邻的壁能够视为薄板，所述薄板一方面沿着流动方向延伸而另一方面垂直于流动方向延伸。除此之外，板的厚度方向也垂直于流动方向延伸，然而根据本发明，沿着厚度方向，换言之，在壁水平地定向时，在壁上方和/或在壁下方设置间隙并不重要，重要的是对此侧面地，换言之，在壁“旁边”沿着所描述的垂直于流动方向的延伸方向设置间隙。如果在此不同于在现有技术中所常见的那样在至少一个优选两个侧上设置间隙，那么能够使用根据本发明的效果。
此外应补充的是，根据本发明的废气冷却器优选具有扁管，所述扁管优选能够堆叠为，使得这种扁管的矩形横截面的长侧同时形成贴靠在其上的废气管的限界部。对于这些长侧而言，优选设有根据本发明的间隙。
优选的改进方案在下文中描述。
对于所描述的间隙沿着废气的流动方向的尺寸而言，在最小长度为5mm和/或最大延伸部为2cm的情况下预期有好的结果。
这同样适用于垂直于流动方向的至少1mm和/或直至5mm的尺寸。
对于从废气至绕流废气管的冷却剂的广泛的热传递而言，优选的是，至少一个废气管在其内部中具有肋片和鳍片，所述肋片和鳍片优选能够沿着流动方向波纹状地构成。
根据本发明的优点尤其可在具有至少一个废气管的废气冷却器中使用，所述废气管具有至少一个壁，所述壁具有0.3mm至0.5mm的厚度。这种管是相对薄的并从而“轻地”构成，并且通过根据本发明的措施同时能够避免在入口处的损伤。
通常，废气管由壳体和/或法兰围绕，所述壳体和/或法兰优选具有至少一个壁，所述壁具有1.0mm至1.5mm的厚度和/或5mm至8mm的厚度。由此，壳体和/或法兰与废气管相比明显更厚且更稳定并且从而整体上赋予废气冷却器有利的稳定性。同时，所述壳体和/或法兰由于根据本发明的措施不固定废气管的入口区域，使得能够避免所描述的问题。
优选地，沿着至少一个废气管在流动方向上的伸展部，在管旁边侧面地设置其它间隙，使得在此可以通过冷却剂进行绕流，并且同时在所描述的间隙之间的限定部位处能够实现废气管例如在环绕的壳体上的限定的固定。
如果根据本发明的废气冷却器用作为废气回导冷却器，那么其展现特别的优点。
与之相应地，本申请的主题此外是一种具有至少一个这种冷却器的废气回导***。
附图说明
接下来详细阐述在附图中所示出的本发明的优选实施例。附图示出：
图1示出根据本发明的废气冷却器的立体部分视图；以及
图2示出根据本发明的废气冷却器的入口区域的剖视图。
具体实施方式
如在图1中所看到的那样，根据本发明的废气冷却器10在所示出的情况中具有基本上矩形的横截面和长形的延伸部(在图1中朝左上)。借助于法兰22，废气冷却器可连接到废气(回导)管路上，所述废气(回导)管路未示出，或者废气冷却器可与阀壳体，尤其AGR阀连接(或者连接至AGR模块)。法兰例如能够是铸造的，并且废气管的接下来将描述的壁、设置在废气管中的肋片和壳体能够由相应弯曲的金属板材料构成。在废气冷却器的内部中存在大量废气管12，所述废气管基本上通过彼此平行地定向的、由金属构成的板20、侧面的相对扁平的壁和分别设置在其间的肋片或者鳍片18形成，所述肋片或者鳍片可更清楚地在图2的剖视的俯视图中看到。这些板20由此形成设计为扁管的废气管的壁，所述壁是相对薄的并因此由于膨胀和收缩，如在上文中所描述的那样，会遭受损伤。
从图2中得知，在法兰22和废气管12之间设有壳体26，所述壳体围绕大量废气管12，使得侧面闭合的废气管能够通过液态的冷却剂，例如水绕流，以便冷却流动穿过废气管的废气。
壳体26始终在外部与实心的法兰22连接，然而根据本发明，在相应的废气管的入口14处并且在其侧面，在图2的左侧和右侧可以看到，存在间隙16，所述间隙以有利的方式实现：废气管在由于热废气穿流而发热时膨胀。侧面的延伸部，换言之，垂直于流动方向(在图2中从下向上)的侧向延伸部，在图2中左侧和右侧可以看到。间隙16的沿着流动方向直至废气管在壳体26上的固定部位28的延伸部，在图2中同样从下向上伸展并且优选为5mm至2cm。在壳体26和废气管12之间的连接部的进一步的伸展中，设有其它间隙24。
此外，在图2中可以看到在所示出的实施方式中肋片沿着流动方向伸展的波形。
在所示出的实施例中，固定部位28沿着流动方向延伸至少数毫米，例如5毫米和/或延伸直至2cm。与此相应地，可以获悉如下内容。如果固定部位28在这种实施方案中直接设置在壁20的上游端并从而设置在入口处，那么由于固定部位28沿着流动方向的延伸部而不可行的是，在此输送冷却剂。与此相应地产生在上文中所描述的问题，所述问题通过根据本发明的间隙16来解决，所述间隙使固定部位28沿着流动方向向下游移动一定程度。
在所示出的实施方式中，法兰22具有沿着流动方向测得的厚度，所述厚度大于间隙16的延伸部，以便整体上实现稳定的构成。
根据所述实施例，废气冷却器具有两个并排设置的入口和连接在其上的“堆叠的”数组废气管，然而，根据本发明的废气冷却器同样能够具有唯一的入口和一组连接在其上的废气管，以及多于两个的入口和相应设置的废气管。

Claims (10)

1.一种废气冷却器(10)，所述废气冷却器具有至少一个用于待冷却的废气的废气管(12)，其特征在于，在至少一个废气管(12)的入口(14)处，沿着至少一个壁的垂直于所述废气的流动方向的延伸方向在所述废气管(12)的壁(20)与侧面相邻的构件(22，26)之间设置至少一个间隙(16)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，至少一个间隙(16)沿着所述废气的流动方向延伸至少5mm和/或最大2cm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，至少一个间隙(16)沿着垂直于所述废气的流动方向的方向延伸至少1mm和/或最大5mm。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，至少一个废气管(12)在其内部中具有肋片(18)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，至少一个废气管(12)具有至少一个壁(20)，所述壁具有0.3mm至0.5mm的厚度。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，至少一个废气管(12)由壳体(26)和/或法兰(22)围绕。
7.根据权利要求6所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，所述壳体(26)具有至少一个壁和/或至少一个法兰(22)，所述壁具有1mm至1.5mm的壁厚度，所述法兰具有5mm至8mm的厚度。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，在至少一个废气管(12)沿着流动方向的伸展部的其它部位处，侧面地在所述废气管(12)旁边设有间隙(24)。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气冷却器，其特征在于，所述废气冷却器(10)是废气回导冷却器。
10.一种废气回导***，具有至少一个根据权利要求9所述的废气冷却器。
CN201810929641.3A 2017-09-22 2018-08-15 废气冷却器和具有废气冷却器的废气回导*** Active CN109538382B (zh)

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JP6783836B2 (ja) * 2018-09-19 2020-11-11 株式会社前川製作所 プレート重合体及び熱交換器

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KR102010474B1 (ko) 2019-08-13
US20190093606A1 (en) 2019-03-28
JP2019060339A (ja) 2019-04-18
US10697405B2 (en) 2020-06-30
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JP6654227B2 (ja) 2020-02-26
KR20190034075A (ko) 2019-04-01

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