CN109948291A - A kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body - Google Patents
A kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body, method includes the following steps: step S1: input seismic properties simultaneously pick up boundary information with Mathematical Morphology Method；Step S2: according to mahalanobis distance criterion, the weight coefficient that structural element corresponds to sensitive direction boundary line is calculated separately；Step S3: according to weight coefficient to structural element corresponding to boundary line be weighted fusion；The pseudo- boundary pickup rate for solving previous recognition methods is high, the legitimate reading of the prediction problem low with precision of prediction with a low credibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic attributes analysis field, especially a kind of sand body discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive identification side
Method.
Background technique
Due to the influence of reservoir heterogeneity in oil-gas exploration and development, the division of reservoir inside permeable unit will become ten
Divide important.It is the sand body complex of different scale, level inside reserve unit for fluvial sandstone reservoir, these
Interface between adjacent complex for fluid neuron network have it is different degrees of block, choked flow effect, i.e. " seepage flow barrier ".Cause
This, will recognize in reservoir the regularity of distribution of oil, gas and water to the research of reservoir heterogeneity, by seismic attributes analysis come
The discontinuous boundary line that fluid flowing is influenced in reservoir is portrayed, and the data such as comprehensive geology, well logging and rock physics are pre- as reservoir
The constraint condition of survey, to the lithology of the geometrical characteristic of oil and gas reservoir, geologic feature and reservoir, form, physical property and oil-gas possibility etc.
Forecasting research is carried out, will become a kind of and improve the rate of oil and gas recovery, improve Tapping Residual Oil and the effective technology of flooding pattern deployment
Means.Currently, lithologic boundary, tomography and the discontinuous boundary line of sand body etc. are especially predicted in order to improve the accuracy of reservoir prediction,
Various mathematical methods are gradually introduced in Seismic attribute analysis technology, are obtained more with it is expected the boundary information of the smaller scale of identification
Accurate reservoir prediction result.
However, in actual operation, seismic data it is more or less include various linear, nonlinear noises, it is single
Pure linear method is difficult to effectively remove these interference under the premise of guaranteeing certain resolution, and then picks up and generate to edge
Certain influence causes reservoir prediction to be difficult to obtain most accurate prediction result.Conventional compacting Noise Method includes: mean value filter
Wave, median filtering, truncation mean filter, multistep median filtering and gaussian filtering etc., exist between signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio
Contradiction, and then subsequent edge detection is had an important influence on, in some instances it may even be possible to because the interference of noise generates pseudo-edge.
Current main edge detection method include Roberts operator, Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, LOG operator and
Canny operator etc., these methods are all linear differential methods, by higher derivative come difference between amplification data, Jin Erda
To the purpose of predicted edge.However, these methods inevasible one the disadvantage is that between amplification data while difference
It is exaggerated interference information, therefore to noise-sensitive.Especially in seismic attributes analysis field because seismic properties contain it is more
Interference information be unable to reach reservoir prediction precision required at present so that application effect is bad.
In recent years, mathematical morphology is as a kind of nonlinear new method, during suppressing noise, improves signal-to-noise ratio
While can guarantee resolution ratio to greatest extent, have preferable edge holding capacity；It, can during edge detection
It obtains more continuously, with more direction information and with the edge prediction result of certain reinforcing effect.1964,
J.Serra theoretically describes morphologic mathematic(al) representation for the first time, and the theoretical basis of mathematical morphology has been established with this.It will
Mathematical morphology is introduced into Seismic attribute analysis technology as a kind of tool, can be extracted from seismic properties and be described sandbody distribution
The useful component of shape, such as lithology edge, tomography and the discontinuous boundary line of sand body, achieve the purpose that accurate predicting reservoir with this.
The basic thought of mathematical morphology be usually scanned by the structural elements with specific shape and scale seismic properties and with
Seismic properties generation effect.Mathematical morphology is established on the basis of set theory, and basic operation includes dilation operation, corrosion
Operation, opening operation and closed operation.Based on these basic operations, by certain operation combination, one kind is just constituted
The direction-adaptive recognition methods in the complicated prediction discontinuous boundary line of sand body.
Summary of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptives of sand body to know
Other method, the pseudo- boundary pickup rate for solving previous recognition methods is high, and the legitimate reading of prediction is with a low credibility low with precision of prediction
The problem of.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body, method include
Following steps:
Step S1: input seismic properties simultaneously pick up boundary information with Mathematical Morphology Method；
Step S2: according to mahalanobis distance criterion, the weight coefficient that structural element corresponds to sensitive direction boundary line is calculated separately；
Step S3: according to weight coefficient to structural element corresponding to boundary line be weighted fusion.
Preferably, the cross of structural element including 3 × 3 scales, rectangle, 0 ° of direction, 45 ° of directions, 90 ° of directions and 135 °
The structural element in direction, SE1For the cross of 3 × 3 scales, SE2For rectangle, SE31For 0 ° of direction structure element, SE32For 45 ° of sides
To structural element, SE33For 90 ° of direction structure elements, SE34For 135 ° of direction structure elements.
Preferably, step S1 includes following sub-step:
Step S11: structural element " SE is enabled31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" respectively correspond 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four
The structural element in direction；
Step S12: enabling the seismic properties of input be expressed as f, then f Θ SE is expressed as being located at when the origin of structural element SE
When at (x, y), the erosion operation of seismic properties f to be processed is indicated at (x, y) with structural element SE are as follows:
When being expressed as the origin as structural element SE and being located at (x, y), with structural element SE at (x, y) pair
The dilation operation of seismic properties f to be processed indicates are as follows:
Step S13: the expression formula of Mathematical Morphology Method pickup boundary information are as follows:
Wherein, k=1,2,3,4.
Preferably, step S2 includes following sub-step:
Step S21: according to the marginal information of pickup, Gray homogeneity, expression formula are calculated are as follows:
D0°=D3+D4+D5+D7+D8+D9
D45°=D2+D4+D5+D6+D8+D9
D90°=D2+D3+D5+D6+D7+D9
D135°=D2+D3+D4+D6+D7+D8
Wherein, D0°、D45°、D90°、D135°Respectively correspond the gray scale of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, the 135 ° four direction of boundary point away from
From DkIndicate the gray value of the point, k=2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Step S22: according to the Gray homogeneity of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction of boundary point, four direction is calculated
The weight of structural element,
D=D0°+D45°+D90°+D135°
Wherein, ω1、ω2、ω3、ω4Respectively indicate the weight of the structural element of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction, D
Indicate the comprehensive mahalanobis distance of point and.
Preferably, the expression formula of the Weighted Fusion of step S3 are as follows:
In formula, ωkIndicate the weight of structural element, EkIndicate edge pick-up method,Indicate that dilation operation, Θ indicate rotten
Lose operation.
The discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention has the beneficial effect that:
1. the discontinuous boundary line detection method of mathematical morphology sand body proposed by the present invention, the filtering with edge holding capacity
Effect reduces the pickup rate on pseudo- boundary, improves the confidence level of legitimate reading.
2. the discontinuous boundary line detection method of mathematical morphology sand body proposed, the structural element with four direction is each
The structural element in a direction merges the edge sensitive in corresponding direction by mahalanobis distance criterion, and fusion results are kept
The display effect on strong boundary, and there is apparent reinforcing effect to weak boundary, to the lithologic boundary, tomography and sand of sand body
The prediction and identification in the discontinuous boundary line of body have obviously advantage.It can be used in combination with existing Seismic attribute analysis technology,
Further increase precision of prediction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall block flow diagram of the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural element schematic diagram of the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the mahalanobis distance calculation template schematic diagram of the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the gray scale erosion algorithm figure of the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the gray scale dilation operation figure of the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body, method include the following steps:
Step S1: input seismic properties simultaneously pick up boundary information with Mathematical Morphology Method；
Step S2: according to mahalanobis distance criterion, the weight coefficient that structural element corresponds to sensitive direction boundary line is calculated separately；
Step S3: according to weight coefficient to structural element corresponding to boundary line be weighted fusion.
The structural element of the present embodiment includes cross, the rectangle, 0 ° of direction, 45 ° of directions, 90 ° of directions of 3 × 3 scales
With the structural element in 135 ° of directions, SE1For the cross of 3 × 3 scales, SE2For rectangle, SE31For 0 ° of direction structure element, SE32
For 45 ° of direction structure elements, SE33For 90 ° of direction structure elements, SE34For 135 ° of direction structure elements
The step S1 of the present embodiment includes following sub-step:
Step S11: structural element " SE is enabled31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" respectively correspond 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four
The structural element in direction；
Step S12: enabling the seismic properties of input be expressed as f, then f Θ SE is expressed as being located at when the origin of structural element SE
When at (x, y), the erosion operation of seismic properties f to be processed is indicated at (x, y) with structural element SE are as follows:
When being expressed as the origin as structural element SE and being located at (x, y), with structural element SE at (x, y) pair
The dilation operation of seismic properties f to be processed indicates are as follows:
Step S13: the expression formula of Mathematical Morphology Method pickup boundary information are as follows:
Wherein, k=1,2,3,4.
The step S2 of the present embodiment includes following sub-step:
Step S21: according to the marginal information of pickup, Gray homogeneity, expression formula are calculated are as follows:
D0°=D3+D4+D5+D7+D8+D9
D45°=D2+D4+D5+D6+D8+D9
D90°=D2+D3+D5+D6+D7+D9
D135°=D2+D3+D4+D6+D7+D8
Wherein, D0°、D45°、D90°、D135°Respectively correspond the gray scale of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, the 135 ° four direction of boundary point away from
From DkIndicate the gray value in the shop, k=2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Step S22: according to the Gray homogeneity of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction of boundary point, four direction is calculated
The weight of structural element,
D=D0°+D45°+D90°+D135°
Wherein, ω1、ω2、ω3、ω4Respectively indicate the weight of the structural element of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction, D
Indicate the comprehensive mahalanobis distance of point and.
The expression formula of the Weighted Fusion of the step S3 of the present embodiment are as follows:
In formula, ωkIndicate the weight of structural element, EkIndicate edge pick-up method,Indicate that dilation operation, Θ indicate rotten
Lose operation.
The present embodiment is when implementing, step 1: input seismic properties, and picks up boundary line letter with Mathematical Morphology Method
Breath, the method is as follows: used respectively with structural element " SE31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" be core boundary line detective operators pair
Seismic properties pick up boundary line；
Method is as follows: with structural element " SE1" to the sequential erosion operation of seismic properties progress and dilation operation, then with
Structural element " SE2" sequential dilation operation and erosion operation are carried out to obtained result；
In real integer set Z, if f (x, y) and b (x, y) the two functions are discrete function, coordinate (x, y)
It is from cartesian product Z2An integer pair, f and b are that gray value is assigned to each (x, y) coordinate (from real integer set
A real number of R) function.If gray level is also integer, R is replaced with Z.
Gray scale erosion algorithm is treated at (x, y) when the origin (central point) of b is located at (x, y) with structural element b
The erosion operation of processing image f is defined as the minimum value in image f to be processed with the overlapping region structural element b.Erosion operation
Operator is expressed as " Θ ", corrodes image f to be processed using structural element b and is represented by f Θ b, it may be assumed that
The formula is pointed out, the origin of structural element is overlapped with the position of each pixel in image to be processed, any
The erosion operation of position is by including to determine with the minimum value in all values of the f in the overlapping region b.
Fig. 4 show gray scale morphology erosion operation one illustrates.In figure, left side array of values indicates one big
Small is the image f to be processed of 6 × 6 pixels, and right scale array is Corrosion results.Structural element b is the window of 3 × 3 sizes.
Erosion operation is carried out to image f to be processed using structural element b, is expressed as each picture in the origin (central point) and image of b
When vegetarian refreshments is overlapped, the minimum value in the image to be processed of window inclusion region is sought, and the value is assigned to the origin of structural element.
By this method, each of image to be processed pixel is scanned, Corrosion results to the end can be obtained.
When the origin (central point) of b is located at (x, y), with structural element b to the swollen of image f to be processed at (x, y)
Swollen operation definition is the maximum value in image f to be processed with the overlapping region structural element b.The operator of dilation operation is expressed asGrayscale image gray scale morphology dilation operation is expanded as f is represented by using structural element bThat is:
The formula is pointed out, the origin of structural element is overlapped with the position of each pixel in image to be processed, any
The dilation operation of position is by including to determine with the maximum value in all values of the f in the overlapping region b.
Fig. 5 show gray scale morphology dilation operation one illustrates, and in figure, left side array of values indicates one big
Small is the image f to be processed of 6 × 6 pixels, and right scale array is expansion results.Structural element b is the window of 3 × 3 sizes.
Dilation operation is carried out to image f to be processed using structural element b, can be expressed as the origin (central point) of b with it is a certain in image
When a pixel is overlapped, the maximum value of the image to be processed of window inclusion region is sought, and the value is assigned to the original of structural element
Point.By this method, each of image to be processed pixel is scanned, expansion results to the end can be obtained.
By the research of representation method, sets theory, binary morphology and gray scale morphology to digital picture, we
Describe two basic operations of mathematical morphology: dilation operation and erosion operation.Based on both basic operations, form with
Opening operation, closed operation, open-close operation, close-the complicated operation combination such as opening operation with the characteristics of image and signal processing skill
Art.Mathematical Morphology Method can extract the expression with certain in forecast image with special shape, such as boundary, skeleton.
Wherein, structural element " SE1" it is cross-shaped structure element, structural element " SE2" it is rectangular configuration element, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, wherein 1 indicates the position for participating in calculating data, and 0 indicates to be not involved in the position for calculating data.Enable the seismic properties table of input
Be shown as f, then when f Θ SE is expressed as the origin (central point) as structural element SE and is located at (x, y), with structural element SE (x,
Y) place indicates the erosion operation of seismic properties f to be processed are as follows:
It is expressed as being existed when the origin (central point) of structural element SE is located at (x, y) with structural element SE
To the dilation operation of seismic properties f to be processed at (x, y), indicate are as follows:
Finally, boundary line pick-up method indicates are as follows:
Wherein, k=1,2,3,4.
Step 2: according to mahalanobis distance criterion, structural element " SE is calculated separately31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" corresponding
The weight coefficient in sensitive direction boundary line；
Method is as follows: in template shown in Fig. 3, Gray homogeneity calculates as follows:
D0°=D3+D4+D5+D7+D8+D9
D45°=D2+D4+D5+D6+D8+D9
D90°=D2+D3+D5+D6+D7+D9
D135°=D2+D3+D4+D6+D7+D8
Wherein, D0°、D45°、D90°、D135°Respectively correspond the gray scale of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, the 135 ° four direction of boundary point away from
From DkIndicate the gray value of the point, k=2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Enable ω1、ω2、ω3、ω4The weight of the structural element of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction is respectively indicated, D is indicated
The comprehensive mahalanobis distance of point and, then have:
D=D0°+D45°+D90°+D135°
Step 3: according to obtained weight coefficient to structural element " SE31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" corresponding to boundary
Line is weighted fusion；
Method is as follows:
In formula, ωkIndicate the weight of structural element, EkIndicate edge pick-up method,Indicate that dilation operation, Θ indicate rotten
Lose operation.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Step S1: input seismic properties simultaneously pick up boundary information with Mathematical Morphology Method；
Step S2: according to mahalanobis distance criterion, the weight coefficient that structural element corresponds to sensitive direction boundary line is calculated separately；
Step S3: according to weight coefficient to structural element corresponding to boundary line be weighted fusion.
2. the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the structure
The cross of element including 3 × 3 scales, rectangle, 0 ° of direction, 45 ° of directions, 90 ° of directions and 135 ° of directions structural element, it is described
SE1For the cross of 3 × 3 scales, the SE2For rectangle, the SE31For 0 ° of direction structure element, the SE32For 45 ° of directions
Structural element, the SE33For 90 ° of direction structure elements, the SE34For 135 ° of direction structure elements.
3. the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step
S1 includes following sub-step:
Step S11: structural element " SE is enabled31”、“SE32”、“SE33”、“SE34" respectively correspond 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° of four directions
Structural element；
Step S12: enabling the seismic properties of input be expressed as f, then f Θ SE is expressed as being located at (x, y) when the origin of structural element SE
When place, the erosion operation of seismic properties f to be processed is indicated at (x, y) with structural element SE are as follows:
It is expressed as treating place at (x, y) with structural element SE when the origin of structural element SE is located at (x, y)
The dilation operation of seismic properties f is managed, is indicated are as follows:
Step S13: the expression formula of Mathematical Morphology Method pickup boundary information are as follows:
Wherein, k=1,2,3,4.
4. the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
S2 includes following sub-step:
Step S21: according to the marginal information of pickup, Gray homogeneity, expression formula are calculated are as follows:
D0°=D3+D4+D5+D7+D8+D9
D45°=D2+D4+D5+D6+D8+D9
D90°=D2+D3+D5+D6+D7+D9
D135°=D2+D3+D4+D6+D7+D8
Wherein, D0°、D45°、D90°、D135°Respectively correspond the Gray homogeneity of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, the 135 ° four direction of boundary point, DkTable
Show the gray value of the point, k=2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Step S22: according to the Gray homogeneity of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction of boundary point, the structure of four direction is calculated
The weight of element,
D=D0°+D45°+D90°+D135°
Wherein, ω1、ω2、ω3、ω4The weight of the structural element of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° four direction is respectively indicated, D is indicated should
The comprehensive mahalanobis distance of point and.
5. the discontinuous boundary line direction-adaptive recognition methods of sand body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
The expression formula of the Weighted Fusion of S3 are as follows:
In formula, ωkIndicate the weight of structural element, EkIndicate edge pick-up method,Indicate that dilation operation, Θ indicate corrosion fortune
It calculates.
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| CN112255673B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2024-03-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Sand body top interface automatic tracking method based on seismic inversion |
| CN113362312A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-07 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Method for detecting orientation and width of discontinuous boundary of reservoir |
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Application publication date: 20190628 |