CN109937826B

CN109937826B - Method for effectively controlling harm of slug to pseudo-ginseng seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN109937826B
Application number: CN201910345073.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 龙月娟; 毛忠顺; 何霞红; 陈中坚; 朱书生; 王勇; 汤东生; 张铁; 杨敏; 杨建忠; 魏富刚; 朱有勇
Original assignee: WENSHAN UNIVERSITY
Current assignee: WENSHAN UNIVERSITY
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2019-04-26
Publication date: 2021-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-26
Also published as: CN109937826A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for effectively controlling damage of slugs to pseudo-ginseng seedlings, wherein the common covering pine needles in pseudo-ginseng seedling raising are replaced by aired iron wire grass, the thickness of the aired iron wire grass covering is 0.5-1.0cm, and the aired iron wire grass can be slowly bonded with soil under water erosion to form approximate vacuum, so that the loose environment covered by the original pine needles is changed, and slugs cannot be hidden and are exposed to sunlight and killed by solarization. The invention takes the ecological principle as the basis, takes the principle of controlling plant diseases and insect pests by agricultural biological diversity as the guidance, and can lead the pests not to survive by changing the living environment of the pests, thereby achieving the aim of continuously controlling the insect pests.

Description

Method for effectively controlling harm of slug to pseudo-ginseng seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a method for effectively controlling harm of pseudo-ginseng seedlings and slugs.

Background

The main pests in the production and planting of panax notoginseng are aphids, scale insects, thrips and slugs. Among them, slugs are the most harmful insect pest, which has the longest damage time and is most difficult to control. The slug damages pseudo-ginseng plants mainly by adults, during the seedling emergence stage of two years, seven years and seven years, sprouts are damaged before seedling emergence to cause seedling shortage, young stems and leaves are damaged after seedling emergence, young stems are eaten into scars by light persons, leaves are eaten into holes and defects, and young stems are eaten by heavy persons to cause plant shortage and ridge breaking; during the bolting and flowering periods of the panax notoginseng for two or three years, slugs climb to the upper part of plants from stems to damage flower moss, pedicels and florets, so that the yield of seeds is reduced or no seeds are harvested; the seeds are directly damaged in the seed setting period, the yield and the quality of the seeds are influenced, the seeds are susceptible to diseases, and the plant damage rate of serious plots can reach over 72 percent.

In the traditional production of pseudo-ginseng seedlings and pseudo-ginseng commodities, people usually cover soil with pine needles. Soil covered by the pine needles is loose, has high humidity and leaves pores, and light cannot be directly radiated, so that a hidden place is provided for the slug. Because slugs harbor pine needles, it is difficult to achieve the desired effect with chemical pesticides. In addition, the pine needle cost is high, the chemical prevention cost is also high, and the large-scale control of the damage of the slug to the panax notoginseng plant is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for effectively controlling harm of pseudo-ginseng seedlings and slugs.

During the planting process, the panax notoginseng can be harvested after 3 years of planting, namely, annual panax notoginseng (namely, panax notoginseng seedlings), biennial panax notoginseng and three-year-old panax notoginseng are respectively planted, the panax notoginseng seedlings are usually dug out after one year of planting, and the panax notoginseng can enter the commodity panax notoginseng (the planting of biennial panax notoginseng and three-year-old panax notoginseng) after being planted again in spring. The method for effectively controlling the damage of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings and slugs mainly aims at the seedling stage of pseudo-ginseng, namely annual pseudo-ginseng, and the damage of the slugs to the pseudo-ginseng seedlings can be effectively controlled by covering the iron wire grass on soil for cultivating the pseudo-ginseng seedlings.

The preferred iron cord grass is dried or aired iron cord grass. Especially, the aired iron wire grass can kill most of pathogenic bacteria on the iron wire grass due to the solarization of sunlight.

Specifically, the covering thickness of the iron wire grass is 0.5-1.0 cm.

The air-cured iron wire grass is prepared by cutting fresh iron wire grass into small sections with the length of 3-5cm, spreading out, air-curing until the water content is 8-15%, and storing in a dry and ventilated environment for later use.

The method also comprises the steps that after the aired iron wire grass is covered on the soil for cultivating the pseudo-ginseng seedlings, the water is fully watered for the first time, and then the water is supplemented in real time to ensure that the water content of the soil is 20-25%.

The invention provides application of Tiexiancao in reducing damage of slugs to pseudo-ginseng seedlings.

On the other hand, the invention discovers that the seedling emergence rate of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is obviously improved in the growth period after the soil for cultivating the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is covered by the aired zoysia. Therefore, the invention provides the application of the chloranthus japonicus in promoting the seedling emergence of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings.

In the application, the iron cord grass is air-cured iron cord grass.

Specifically, the air-cured herba Clinopodii is covered on the soil for culturing Notoginseng radix, and the thickness of the herba Clinopodii covering is 0.5-1.0 cm.

According to the invention, the soil for cultivating the pseudo-ginseng is covered by the iron wire grass, and the iron wire grass can be slowly bonded with the soil to form approximate vacuum under water erosion, so that the loose environment under the original pine needle covering is changed, and the slug can not be hidden and can be exposed to the sun to be solarized to die. The method can well prevent the damage of the slug to the pseudo-ginseng, the average population density of the pseudo-ginseng leaf of the slug covered by the iron wire is only 22.56 percent of that covered by the pine needles, which shows that the damage of the slug can be well controlled by covering the pseudo-ginseng leaf with the iron wire grass. The method can also increase the emergence rate of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings, the emergence rate is 92.1 percent, compared with a pine needle covering method (the emergence rate is 86.3 percent), the emergence rate is obviously improved, and the ground and underground part growth of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is not influenced by the dry or aired iron wire grass covering.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

1. Preparation of the raw materials

a. Collecting the cordgrass, and shaking the soil on the cordgrass to prevent the cordgrass from carrying pathogenic bacteria;

b. cutting the iron wire into 3-5cm sections, spreading, and air drying

c. When the water content is 8-15%, the product can be used.

2. Covering

Sowing according to conventional Notoginseng radix sowing method, and uniformly spreading the prepared herba Clinopodii sections on Notoginseng radix seedbed with thickness of 0.5-1cm after covering with soil.

3. Watering

Watering is carried out in a sprinkling irrigation mode, the first watering is carried out fully and thoroughly, and then water is supplemented in real time, so that the water content of the soil is kept at about 20-25%.

4. Fertilization of notoginseng

When the emergence rate of panax notoginseng reaches 70% -90% and the chlorophyll content is 15-20SPAD, the topdressing is started. Total amount of additional fertilizer N, P₂O₅、K₂O is respectively 15kg/666.7m²And the first time adopts solid additional fertilizer which is 20 percent of the total amount. After that, the liquid additional fertilizer is adopted every half month, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times.

5. Determination of growth index of Notoginseng radix

The method comprises the following steps of surveying the emergence rate from 2 last ten days to 5 last ten days, surveying 1 time per month, surveying the plant height, the stem thickness, the middle leaf length, the middle leaf width, the chlorophyll content, the main root length, the fresh weight of the main root and the fresh weight of fibrous root of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings at the same week, and repeating for 3 times after 50 plants are treated.

6. Results

(1) Influence of different coverage conditions on emergence rate of panax notoginseng

The rate of emergence is affected by early stage moisture. The seeds can be caused to absorb water only by sufficient moisture, and the seeds can germinate after bursting the seed coat. As can be seen from table 1, the emergence rate of plots covered with cordgrass was significantly higher from month 2 and up to month 5 than plots covered with pine needles. This indicates that the pasture covered by the gracilaria protects moisture well and provides sufficient moisture for seed germination.

TABLE 1 Effect of different coverage conditions on the rate of emergence (%)

Note: the difference in lower case letters indicates that at the 5% level, the difference reaches significance.

(2 Effect of different coverage conditions on pseudo-ginseng seedling plants

As can be seen from Table 2, different coverage conditions had no significant effect on the plant height and stem thickness of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings. This indicates that covering with cordgrass does not affect the absorption of the plant to the nutrient elements. With the growth time increasing, the plant height and stem thickness of the seedlings under the 3 covering conditions are gradually increased.

TABLE 2 Effect of different coverage conditions on growth of Panax notoginseng plants

(3) Effect of different covering conditions on growth of leaves of Panax notoginseng

As can be seen from Table 3, there was no significant difference in leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings under the 3 covering conditions from 7 months to 8 months. This indicates that the iron wire grass did not affect the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer by the plants.

TABLE 3 Effect of leaf growth of Panax notoginseng under different mulching conditions

(4) Effect of different coverage conditions on the growth of Panax Notoginseng

The growth vigor of the roots determines the quality of the seedlings, and if the roots grow weakly, the seedlings cannot become high-quality seedlings, and conversely, the seedlings can become strong seedlings. In table 4, it can be seen that: firstly, under two different covering conditions, no matter the main root is long, the main root is fresh and heavy, or the fibrous root is fresh and heavy, and no obvious difference exists along with the lengthening of the growing time; secondly, as the growth time is prolonged, the length, fresh weight and fresh weight of the main roots under each treatment are gradually increased. Wherein, the increase amplitude of the fresh weight of the main root is the largest and reaches 59.6 percent. It is shown that the use of the gracilaria lemaneiformis as a covering did not affect the growth of the pseudo-ginseng roots.

TABLE 4 Effect of root growth of Panax notoginseng under different mulching conditions

(5) Control effect of different covering conditions on slugs

The slug affects the notoginseng seedling mainly by the incised or perforated leaf or by the bite of the leaf. Therefore, the existence and degree of damage of the slug can be judged according to the porosity (population density) of the leaf.

As can be seen from table 5, slugs endangered pseudo-ginseng seedlings from 7 to 8 months, while the slugs covered with pine needles were the most serious, reaching a significant level compared to the field grass. The average slug hazard rate (the percentage of plants with holes to the total plants to be investigated can be used for evaluating the hazard rate of the slugs to the pseudo-ginseng seedlings) of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings covered by the iron wire is only 22.56% of that covered by the pine needles, which shows that the slug hazard can be well prevented by covering the pseudo-ginseng seedlings with the iron wire.

TABLE 5 controlling Effect of different coverings on slugs

In conclusion, the iron wire grass covering can well prevent the damage of the slugs to the pseudo-ginseng and increase the emergence rate of the pseudo-ginseng, and meanwhile, the iron wire grass covering does not influence the growth of overground and underground parts of pseudo-ginseng seedlings.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A method for effectively controlling harm of slugs to pseudo-ginseng seedlings is characterized in that iron-wire grasses are covered on soil for cultivating pseudo-ginseng seedlings, water is fully watered for the first time, and then water is supplemented in real time to enable the water content of the soil to be 20% -25%; the iron cord grass is air-cured iron cord grass, and the covering thickness of the iron cord grass is 0.5-1.0 cm;

the air-cured iron wire grass is prepared by cutting fresh iron wire grass into small sections with the length of 3-5cm, spreading the small sections, and air-curing the small sections until the water content is 8-15%.

2. The application of the Tiexiancao in reducing the damage of the pseudo-ginseng slug to the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is characterized in that the Tiexiancao is covered on soil for cultivating the pseudo-ginseng seedlings, the Tiexiancao is aired and is 0.5-1.0cm in thickness, and therefore the damage of the pseudo-ginseng slug to the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is effectively reduced.