CN109935350B - Lower-end-fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod - Google Patents
Lower-end-fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN109935350B CN109935350B CN201711369512.5A CN201711369512A CN109935350B CN 109935350 B CN109935350 B CN 109935350B CN 201711369512 A CN201711369512 A CN 201711369512A CN 109935350 B CN109935350 B CN 109935350B
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- annular fuel
- fuel rod
- end plug
- cladding
- annular
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a double-sided cooling annular fuel rod with a fixed lower end. The annular fuel rod comprises an upper end plug, a lower end plug, an inner cladding, an outer cladding and annular fuel pellets; wherein, the cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding is used for accommodating the annular fuel pellet, the upper end plug is connected above the inner cladding and the outer cladding, and the lower end plug is connected below the inner cladding and the outer cladding; the lower end plug of the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece. The annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through the tubular fixing piece, so that the problem that the fuel rod falls on the lower tube seat to damage the fuel rod due to the fact that the clamping force of the spring for clamping the fuel rod is reduced in the operation process is avoided. The annular fuel rod can be cooled on both sides, namely, coolant can flow inside and outside the annular fuel rod to cool the fuel rod. Compared with the existing pressurized water reactor fuel rod, the fuel heat transfer area is increased by 50%, the highest temperature of the fuel core block is reduced by 1000 ℃, the linear power density is increased by 20% -50%, and the flow resistance is reduced by 20%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power, in particular to a fuel rod, and further relates to a lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod.
Background
During the operation of a nuclear power plant reactor, the performance of nuclear fuel is an important factor affecting the safety and economy of the reactor. Therefore, the research of the fuel element is put in a very prominent position all the time internationally, and various performances of the nuclear fuel element are continuously improved by optimizing the design of the fuel element, adopting advanced structural materials, improving the manufacturing process of the element and the like, so that the nuclear power is promoted to develop towards safer and more economical directions.
The nuclear fuel is generally designed in a solid cylinder shape and consists of upper and lower end plugs, pellets, compression springs and cladding, and coolant flows through the cladding to cool the fuel rods.
In the existing pressurized water reactor fuel assembly design, the fuel rods are generally clamped and suspended by a positioning grid, and the lower tube seat supports the whole fuel assembly through a control rod guide tube. This design places high demands on the spacer grid. At the end of the reactor operation, the clamping force of the springs clamping the fuel rods is drastically reduced due to the irradiation, the fuel rods generally fall on the lower tube seat, and the fuel rods may move up and down due to the flow of the coolant, which may cause a risk of breakage of the fuel rods.
The benefit of annular fuel is that at very high linear densities, the temperature of the fuel centre is still very low, less stored energy is present in the fuel and less fissile gas is released compared to conventional solid cylindrical fuel. Fuel performance may be expected to be better under normal operating and transient conditions. The specific structure of the annular fuel rod is not disclosed and reported in detail in the literature at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod which can be cooled on two sides and has a simple structure and easy processing.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention comprises the following steps: the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod comprises an upper end plug, a lower end plug, an inner cladding, an outer cladding and annular fuel pellets; wherein, the cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding is used for accommodating the annular fuel pellet, the upper end plug is connected above the inner cladding and the outer cladding, and the lower end plug is connected below the inner cladding and the outer cladding; the lower end plug of the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod has the length of the annular fuel rod and the inner diameter ratio of the inner cladding of (400-600): 1, the ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the outer diameter of the outer shell is (200-350): 1.
The clearance between the outer surface of the inner cladding and the inner surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.02-0.1 mm; the gap between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.03-0.15 mm.
According to the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod, 2 to 6 side openings are formed in the position, avoiding welding, of the upper end plug or the lower end plug of the tubular fixing piece, so that flow blockage is prevented, and coolant is in plug flow from bottom to top.
The lower end plug of the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through the tubular fixing piece, the upper end of the tubular fixing piece is spirally connected to the outer surface of the lower end plug, and the fixing mode of fixing the lower end of the tubular fixing piece on the lower tube seat comprises spiral connection, buckle connection, C-shaped ring or pin connection.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod has chamfer structures on the outer surface of the upper end plug or the lower end plug.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod is characterized in that the outer surface of the tubular fixing piece is provided with a chamfer structure.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod is characterized in that the upper end of the annular fuel core block is provided with a compression spring. One end of the compression spring is propped against the annular fuel core block, the other end is propped against the upper end plug, and the annular fuel core block is compressed against the lower end plug under the thrust action of the compression spring.
According to the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod, 1 air charging hole can be formed in the upper end plug, and helium is injected into a cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding and used for accommodating the fuel core block through the air charging hole.
The upper end plug of the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod is connected with the inner cladding and the outer cladding through argon arc welding or electron beam welding; the lower end plug is connected with the inner cladding and the outer cladding through argon arc welding or electron beam welding.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod has the heat transfer area and fuel volume ratio of 0.6-2.
The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod has the highest average power of 30-50kW/m; the highest temperature of the annular fuel pellets was reduced to 500 ℃.
The annular fuel assembly comprises an upper tube seat, a lower tube seat, annular fuel rods, a positioning grid and guide tubes, wherein the annular fuel rods adopt any one of the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rods.
The invention has the following effects: the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through the tubular fixing piece, so that the problem that the fuel rod is damaged due to the fact that the clamping force of the spring for clamping the fuel rod is reduced in the operation process, and the fuel rod is prevented from moving up and down when the coolant flows upwards through the fuel assembly, and the risk of damage to the fuel rod is avoided; the outer surface of the tubular fixing piece is provided with a chamfer structure, and the outer surface of the upper end plug or the lower end plug is provided with a chamfer structure, so that hooking with a positioning grid and the like during rod pulling can be prevented. The fuel rods are connected in a welding mode, so that the fuel rods have certain strength and are easy to process. The lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod can be cooled on both sides, namely, coolant can flow inside and outside the fuel rod to cool the fuel rod. Compared with the existing pressurized water reactor fuel rod structure, the fuel heat transfer area is increased by 50%, the highest temperature of the fuel core block is reduced by 1000 ℃, the linear power density is increased by 20% -50%, and the flow resistance is reduced by 20%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper end plug; 2. an inner envelope; 3. an outer envelope; 4. a compression spring; 5. annular fuel pellets; 6. a lower end plug; 7. a tubular fixing member.
Detailed Description
A lower end fixed double sided cooled annular fuel rod according to the present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to the present invention comprises an upper end plug 1, a lower end plug 6, an inner cladding 2, an outer cladding 3, and annular fuel pellets 5; wherein, the cavity that inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 nest formation is used for holding annular fuel pellet 5, and upper end plug 1 is connected through argon arc welding to inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 top, and lower end plug 6 is connected through argon arc welding to inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 below.
The annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece 7; the upper end of the tubular fixing piece is spirally connected to the outer surface of the lower end plug 6; the lower end of the tubular fixing piece is spirally connected and fixed on the lower tube seat.
The hold-down spring 4 is installed in annular fuel pellet 5 upper end, provides thrust and prevents the fuel pellet drunkenness when transporting, avoids causing the fuel pellet damage.
The upper end plug is provided with 1 air charging hole, and helium is injected into a cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding and used for accommodating the fuel pellet through the air charging hole.
The ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the inner diameter of the inner cladding is 500:1, the ratio of the annular fuel rod length to the outer diameter of the outer envelope is 300:1, a step of;
The gap between the outer surface of the inner cladding and the inner surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.05mm;
the gap between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.08mm.
The ratio of the heat transfer area of the annular fuel rod to the fuel volume is 0.6-2; the highest average power of the annular fuel rod is 30-50kW/m; the highest temperature of the annular fuel pellets 5 was reduced to below 500 ℃.
The tubular fixing piece 7 is provided with 2 to 6 side openings at the position avoiding the welding position or the lower end plug 6, so that the flow blockage is prevented, and the coolant is stopped from flowing from bottom to top.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to the present invention comprises an upper end plug 1, a lower end plug 6, an inner cladding 2, an outer cladding 3, and annular fuel pellets 5; wherein, the cavity that inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 nest formation is used for holding annular fuel pellet 5, and upper end plug 1 is connected through electron beam welding to inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 top, and lower end plug 6 is connected through electron beam welding to inner shell 2 and outer shell 3 below.
The annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece 7; the upper end of the tubular fixing piece is spirally connected to the outer surface of the lower end plug 6; the lower end of the tubular fixing piece is fixed on the lower tube seat in a spiral connection, a buckling connection, a C-shaped ring or a pin connection.
The hold-down spring 4 is installed in annular fuel pellet 5 upper end, provides thrust and prevents the fuel pellet drunkenness when transporting, avoids causing the fuel pellet damage. One end of the compression spring 4 is propped against the annular fuel pellet 5, the other end is propped against the upper end plug 1, and the annular fuel pellet 5 is compressed on the lower end plug under the thrust action of the compression spring 4.
The upper end plug is provided with 1 air charging hole, and helium is injected into a cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding and used for accommodating the fuel pellet through the air charging hole.
The ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the inner diameter of the inner cladding is 400:1, the ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the outer diameter of the outer casing is 200:1, a step of;
The gap between the outer surface of the inner cladding and the inner surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.02mm;
The gap between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.03mm.
The ratio of the heat transfer area of the annular fuel rod to the fuel volume is 0.6-2; the highest average power of the annular fuel rod is 30-50kW/m; the highest temperature of the annular fuel pellets 5 was reduced to below 500 ℃.
The outer surface of the tubular fixing piece 7 is provided with a chamfer structure.
The outer surface of the upper end plug or the lower end plug is provided with a chamfer structure.
The tubular fixing piece 7 is provided with 2 to 6 side holes for preventing the flow blockage, and the coolant is in plug flow from bottom to top.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to the present invention comprises an upper end plug 1, a lower end plug 6, an inner cladding 2, an outer cladding 3, and annular fuel pellets 5; wherein, the cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding 2 and the outer cladding 3 is used for accommodating the annular fuel pellet 5, the upper end plug 1 is connected above the inner cladding 2 and the outer cladding 3 through argon arc welding or electron beam welding, and the lower end plug 6 is connected below the inner cladding 2 and the outer cladding 3 through argon arc welding or electron beam welding.
The annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece 7; the upper end of the tubular fixing piece is spirally connected to the outer surface of the lower end plug 6; the lower end of the tubular fixing piece is fixed on the lower tube seat in a spiral connection, a buckling connection, a C-shaped ring or a pin connection.
The hold-down spring 4 is installed in annular fuel pellet 5 upper end, provides thrust and prevents the fuel pellet drunkenness when transporting, avoids causing the fuel pellet damage.
The upper end plug is provided with 1 air charging hole, and helium is injected into a cavity formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding and used for accommodating the fuel pellet through the air charging hole.
The ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the inner diameter of the inner cladding is 600:1, the ratio of annular fuel rod length to outer diameter of the outer casing is 350:1, a step of;
the gap between the outer surface of the inner cladding and the inner surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.1mm;
the gap between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.15mm.
The ratio of the heat transfer area of the annular fuel rod to the fuel volume is 0.6-2; the highest average power of the annular fuel rod is 30-50kW/m; the highest temperature of the annular fuel pellets 5 was reduced to below 500 ℃.
The lower end plug 6 is provided with 2 to 6 side openings at positions avoiding welding positions, so that flow blockage is prevented, and the coolant is stopped from flowing from bottom to top.
Example 4
An annular fuel assembly comprising an upper tube socket, a lower tube socket, annular fuel rods, spacer grids and guide tubes, wherein the annular fuel rods are any one of the lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rods of embodiments 1,2 or 3.
Example 5
A reactor employing an annular fuel assembly comprising an upper tube seat, a lower tube seat, annular fuel rods, spacer grids, and guide tubes; the annular fuel rod adopts any one of the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rods in the embodiment 1,2 or 3.
Claims (11)
1. The lower end fixed type double-sided cooling annular fuel rod comprises an upper end plug (1), a lower end plug (6), an inner cladding (2), an outer cladding (3) and annular fuel pellets (5); the method is characterized in that: the inner cladding (2) and the outer cladding (3) are nested to form a cavity for accommodating the annular fuel pellet (5), the upper end plug (1) is connected above the inner cladding (2) and the outer cladding (3), and the lower end plug (6) is connected below the inner cladding; the lower end plug (6) of the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece (7);
2 to 6 side openings are formed in the position, avoiding welding, of the upper end plug (6) or the lower end plug (7) of the tubular fixing piece, so that flow blockage is prevented, and the coolant is in plug flow from bottom to top;
The outer surface of the tubular fixing piece (7) is provided with a chamfer structure; the outer surface of the upper end plug (1) or the lower end plug (6) is provided with a chamfer structure;
The lower end plug (6) of the annular fuel rod is fixed on the lower tube seat through a tubular fixing piece (7), the upper end of the tubular fixing piece (7) is spirally connected to the outer surface of the lower end plug (6), and the fixing mode of the lower end of the tubular fixing piece (7) on the lower tube seat comprises spiral connection, buckle connection, C-shaped ring or pin connection.
2. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the inner diameter of the inner cladding is (400-600): 1, the ratio of the length of the annular fuel rod to the outer diameter of the outer shell is (200-350): 1.
3. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the gap between the outer surface of the inner cladding and the inner surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.02-0.1 mm; the gap between the inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the annular fuel pellet is 0.03-0.15 mm.
4. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the annular fuel core block (5) is provided with a compression spring (4).
5. A lower end fixed double sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 4, wherein: one end of the compression spring (4) is propped against the annular fuel core block (5), the other end is propped against the upper end plug (1), and the annular fuel core block (5) is compressed on the lower end plug under the thrust action of the compression spring (4).
6. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end plug (1) can be provided with 1 inflation hole, and helium is flushed into a cavity which is formed by nesting the inner cladding and the outer cladding and is used for accommodating the fuel pellet through the inflation hole.
7. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end plug (1) is connected with the inner cladding and the outer cladding through argon arc welding or electron beam welding; the lower end plug (6) is connected with the inner cladding and the outer cladding through argon arc welding or electron beam welding.
8. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the heat transfer area of the annular fuel rod to the fuel volume is 0.6-2.
9. A lower end fixed double-sided cooled annular fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein: the highest average power of the annular fuel rod is 30-50kW/m; the highest temperature of the annular fuel pellets (5) is reduced to below 500 ℃.
10. An annular fuel assembly comprising an upper tube base, a lower tube base, annular fuel rods, a spacer grid and a guide tube, characterized in that: the annular fuel rod adopts the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A reactor employing an annular fuel assembly comprising an upper tube seat, a lower tube seat, annular fuel rods, spacer grids, and guide tubes; the method is characterized in that: the annular fuel rod adopts the lower end fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711369512.5A CN109935350B (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Lower-end-fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711369512.5A CN109935350B (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Lower-end-fixed double-sided cooling annular fuel rod |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109935350A CN109935350A (en) | 2019-06-25 |
| CN109935350B true CN109935350B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111681785A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-18 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | C-shaped fixing device for lower end of annular fuel rod and lower pipe seat |
| CN114083102B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-05-23 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Fuel target and welding method thereof |
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| US5533078A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-07-02 | Siemens Power Corporation | Nuclear fuel assembly for a pressurized water reactor |
| CN207731665U (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-08-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of fixed two-sided cooling annular fuel rod in lower end |
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| GB1113465A (en) * | 1966-02-11 | 1968-05-15 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactor fuel elements |
| JPS57127872A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1982-08-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Bwr type reactor |
| US4460540A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1984-07-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Burnable poison rod for a nuclear reactor fuel assembly |
| JP3065576B2 (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2000-07-17 | 核燃料サイクル開発機構 | Liquid metal bonded fuel rod for nuclear reactor |
| JP2003248078A (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-09-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel assembly for nuclear reactor |
| RU29800U1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2003-05-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новосибирский завод химконцентратов" | Nuclear reactor fuel assembly |
| FR2864324B1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-07-18 | Framatome Anp | END CAP FOR FUEL NOSE ASSEMBLY FOR REFRIGERANT FLUID FLOW AND CORRESPONDING ASSEMBLY |
| KR100956763B1 (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2010-05-12 | 한국원자력연구원 | Reverse conical lower end plug of annular nuclear fuel rod |
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| US5533078A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-07-02 | Siemens Power Corporation | Nuclear fuel assembly for a pressurized water reactor |
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