CN109911964B

CN109911964B - Enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller

Info

Publication number: CN109911964B
Application number: CN201910138475.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨诺; 杨旭; 代浩; 马建强
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-02-25
Filing date: 2019-02-25
Publication date: 2021-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-02-25
Also published as: CN109911964A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment and discloses an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller. The distiller comprises a distiller base, a glass top cover tightly covered on the distiller base and sandwich cloth arranged in the distiller base, wherein the distiller base comprises an inclined plane and a liquid storage tank, the glass top cover comprises a glass top cover and a water collection tank, one part of the sandwich cloth is tightly attached to the inclined plane, and the sandwich cloth comprises upper-layer nano cloth, lower-layer nano cloth and a metal scrap layer. The solar water purifier fully utilizes the specific working condition requirement of solar heat energy for water purification, improves the structural action mechanism of sandwich cloth arranged on an inclined plane, the installation arrangement between the sandwich cloth and other components and the like, correspondingly can realize heat localization, improves the localized temperature, further improves the evaporation efficiency, and has the advantages of more compact structure, convenience in operation and control, stronger environmental adaptability, low water purification cost and the like.

Description

Enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment such as solar seawater desalination/sewage purification and the like, and particularly relates to an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller.

Background

Water is very important for human survival and our economic activities, such as agriculture and industry. The growth of water demand under limited resources is the most important issue facing mankind in the last century. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective way to obtain fresh water from alternative resources such as waste water, salt water, ground, sea water, etc.

Desalination of sea water is a promising technology to meet global demand for fresh water, since 97% of the water on the earth's surface is brackish. Therefore, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of desalination technology to produce fresh water, while potentially reducing its environmental impact, is considered a major challenge and resistance in the 21 st century. Solar desalination is a thermal desalination technology that removes impurities such as high salt, mineral substances, organic substances and the like from non-drinking water by using solar energy to obtain drinking water. This technique has many advantages, such as zero fuel cost, environmental protection, but requires large area solar radiation collection.

Solar stills are typically small solar desalination systems that provide a solution to water shortage in remote and arid areas. The solar distiller has the characteristics of low cost, available local materials, low maintenance cost and the like. However, since the solar still has a high heat capacity and time consumption, the daily production capacity is about 2-3L/m²Thermal efficiency is about 30%, so solar distillers are not generally used. Improvements have been made to solar stills, such as inclined core solar stills, in order to increase the productivity of conventional solar stills. The inclined core solar still has faster response speed and more effective effect than the traditional solar still. The wick material in the wick sedimentation tank plays a role of evaporation within the hydrostatic action time, and water flows in the wick material due to the large capillary action to form a thin water surface for evaporation.

However, there are still many problems with skew core based solar distillers. On one hand, the carbon cloth is a better raw material for producing fresh water, but the production capacity of the carbon cloth is reduced along with the increase of the mass flow of the input water. On the other hand, the effect of covering the blackened layers with different sponge thicknesses on the absorber plate is also researched, and the result shows that the evaporation speed is reduced due to the fact that the cloth is too thick and the heat conduction speed is slow, and the evaporation efficiency is influenced due to the fact that the cloth is too thin and the transmission speed of seawater in the cloth is slow. Meanwhile, no matter the evaporation surface is increased by improving the structure, or the heat transfer performance is improved by changing the covering material of the surface, the solar energy is directly utilized, so that the solar energy is very limited to the time when the sun appears. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements or improvements to better achieve efficient use of solar energy to drive water evaporation and accelerated condensation to meet the needs of modern clean drinking water.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller which redesigns the spatial layout and the structure of the whole distiller by fully utilizing the specific working condition requirement of solar heat energy for water purification, and particularly improves the condensed water system in the distiller from the aspects of specific structural composition, the structural action mechanism of sandwich cloth arranged on an inclined plane, installation and arrangement between the condensed water system and other components, so that the heat localization can be correspondingly realized, the localized temperature is increased, water on the cloth is quickly evaporated, the evaporation efficiency is further increased, the utilization rate of solar energy is increased, and the distiller also has the advantages of more compact structure, convenience in operation and control, stronger environmental adaptability, low water purification cost and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller, which comprises a distiller base, a glass top cover tightly covered on the distiller base and sandwich cloth arranged in the distiller base, wherein,

the distiller base comprises an inclined plane and a liquid storage tank, the inclined plane is fixedly connected with the liquid storage tank, the inclined plane is used for placing the sandwich cloth, and the liquid storage tank is used for storing seawater, sewage and the like;

the glass top cover comprises a glass top cover and a water collecting tank, the glass top cover is a transparent glass cover which is obliquely arranged and is used for condensing evaporated water vapor and enabling condensed and gathered clean water to flow into the water collecting tank along the glass top cover under the action of gravity;

one part of the sandwich cloth is closely attached to the inclined plane, and the other part of the sandwich cloth extends into the liquid storage tank and is used for absorbing water and converting the water into steam by utilizing solar energy; the sandwich cloth comprises an upper layer of nano cloth, a lower layer of nano cloth and a metal scrap layer arranged between the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth, wherein the metal scrap layer is used for transferring the heat absorbed by the surface to the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth, so that the heat is uniformly and fully utilized, and the surface area of evaporation is increased.

Further, the thickness of the upper layer nanometer cloth and the thickness of the lower layer nanometer cloth are both 5 mm-10 mm, and the preferred thickness is 6 mm.

Furthermore, the metal scrap layer is made of metal scraps, and the metal scraps are one or more of copper scraps, aluminum scraps and iron scraps.

Furthermore, the filling amount of the metal debris is 0.5 kg/square meter to 2 kg/square meter, preferably 1 kg/square meter.

Furthermore, the length of the metal scraps is 0.1 cm-0.4 cm, and the width of the metal scraps is 0.2 cm-1 cm.

Furthermore, the surface of the upper layer of nano cloth and the surface of the lower layer of nano cloth are grown with micro or nano structures, the diameter of the micro or nano structures is not more than 100, preferably, the diameter of the micro or nano structures is 40-80 μm, and further preferably, the diameter of the micro or nano structures is 60 μm.

Further, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 10-30 degrees, and preferably, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees.

Further, the included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is 20-40 degrees, and preferably, the included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees.

Further, the water collecting tank is of a U-shaped structure.

Furthermore, the bottom of the inclined plane and the bottom of the liquid storage tank are both provided with a support column with adjustable height.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention closely combines the reutilization of various sewage or seawater, fully utilizes the specific working condition requirement of solar energy for water purification, redesigns the space layout and the structure of the whole distillation device, particularly improves the condensed water system in the condensed water system from the specific structure composition, the structural action mechanism of sandwich cloth arranged on an inclined plane, the installation arrangement between the condensed water system and other components and other aspects, correspondingly can realize the heat localization, improve the localized temperature, quickly evaporate the water on the cloth, further improve the evaporation efficiency, improve the utilization rate of solar energy, and has the advantages of more compact structure, convenient operation and control, stronger environmental adaptability, low water purification cost and the like.

2. According to the invention, the micron or nano structure characteristics of the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth are matched with the filling amount of the metal scrap layer, so that the metal scrap layer collects the heat which is not completely utilized by the upper layer on one hand and is used for heating and evaporating the lower layer of nano cloth while ensuring normal water absorption and evaporation of the upper layer of nano cloth, and simultaneously, the water vapor generated by evaporation can rapidly pass through the gaps of the metal scrap layer and is evaporated through the micron or nano structure of the upper layer of nano cloth, the metal scrap cushion layer can increase the area (cloth surface and scrap surface) serving as the evaporation medium surface, and the evaporation efficiency is improved; the high thermal conductivity of the metal chips can quickly transfer the heat absorbed by the surface to the chip layer and the bottom cloth, so that the heat is uniformly distributed, and the heat can be stored to fully utilize the heat.

3. The glass top cover is a transparent glass cover which is obliquely arranged, and the specific included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is designed, so that the clean water which is cold condensed on the glass top cover flows into the water collecting tank along the glass top cover under the action of gravity, the collection of the clean water can be accelerated, and the solar heat can be transferred conveniently.

4. The specific included angle design between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane ensures that water absorbed by the capillary material can just wet the evaporation layer, the water can not be gathered at the bottom end of the inclined plane, and meanwhile, the absorption and the transmission of the water of the cloth are facilitated.

5. The surfaces of the metal scraps are coated with pollution-free black anticorrosive paint, the filling amount of the metal scraps is certain, so that the absorption rate of solar radiation is increased under the condition of specific porosity of the structure, the heat is localized, the localized temperature is increased, water on the cloth is quickly evaporated, the metal scrap layer is used as an energy storage medium and a sensible heat source, the evaporation rate is increased, the water production rate is increased, and experiments prove that the distillation efficiency can be increased by more than 50% after the metal scrap structure is adopted.

6. The water collecting tank adopts a U-shaped structural design, so that condensed water flowing down from the glass top cover can be conveniently collected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an enhanced solar desalination distiller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sandwich cloth involved in an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front view of an enhanced solar desalination distiller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements, wherein: 1-glass top cover, 2-sandwich cloth and 3-distiller base.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller, including a glass top cover 1, a sandwich cloth 2 and a distiller base 3.

The glass top cover 1 comprises a glass top cover and a water collecting tank, the glass top cover is a transparent glass cover which is obliquely arranged, an included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is alpha, and the water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the glass top cover and used for collecting condensed water collected by the glass top cover. Wherein, the water catch bowl is the U-shaped structure, conveniently collects the comdenstion water that glass top cap flows down. The value range of alpha is 20-40 degrees, the preferred value of alpha is 30 degrees, the glass top cover has two aspects of effects, on one hand, the heat of sunlight is transmitted to the sandwich cloth 2 for evaporation, on the other hand, the condensed water for condensation evaporation is used, meanwhile, the included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is alpha, under the effect of the angle, the clean water which is cold condensed on the glass top cover flows into the water collecting tank along the glass top cover under the effect of gravity, then, the collection of the clean water can be accelerated, and meanwhile, the heat transmission of the sunlight is facilitated.

The distiller base 3 comprises an inclined plane and a liquid storage tank, wherein the inclined plane is fixedly connected with the liquid storage tank, the bottoms of the inclined plane and the liquid storage tank are further provided with a support column with adjustable height for adjusting the height of the distiller, and meanwhile, the support column arranged at the bottom of the inclined plane can also be used for adjusting the inclination angle of the inclined plane. The reservoir is used for storing seawater, sewage and the like. The size of the inclined plane corresponds to that of the evaporation condensing surface, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, the value range of the beta is 10-30 degrees, the preferable value of the beta is 20 degrees, under the angle, water absorbed by the capillary material can just wet the evaporation layer, the water can not be gathered at the bottom end of the inclined plane, and meanwhile, the absorption and the transmission of the water of the cloth are facilitated.

The sandwich cloth 2 is of a sandwich structure and comprises an upper layer of nano cloth, a lower layer of nano cloth and a metal scrap layer arranged between the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth. The metal scrap layer is made of metal scraps discarded in industrial polishing, the metal scraps can be copper scraps, aluminum scraps, scrap iron and the like, and can also be a combination of one or more metal scraps, the surfaces of all the metal scraps are coated with pollution-free black anticorrosive paint to increase the absorptivity of solar radiation, and the metal scrap layer is used as an energy storage medium and a heat source to improve the evaporation rate and improve the water productivity. The metal scraps have the length of 0.1-0.4 cm, the width of 0.2-1 cm and extremely thin thickness. Furthermore, the filling amount of the metal debris is 0.5 kg/square meter to 2 kg/square meter, preferably 1 kg/square meter. The upper layer nanometer cloth and the lower layer nanometer cloth can be common cotton, hemp and other water-absorbing cloth, a micron or nanometer structure is grown, coated or impregnated on the surface of the upper layer nanometer cloth and the lower layer nanometer cloth, the characteristic dimension (diameter) of the micron or nanometer structure is less than 100 microns, preferably, the characteristic dimension of the micron or nanometer structure is 40-80 microns, further preferably, the characteristic dimension of the micron or nanometer structure is 60 microns, and the thickness range of the upper layer nanometer cloth and the lower layer nanometer cloth is 5-10 mm, preferably 6 mm. The cloth treated by the method can better absorb solar energy, can localize heat, improves localized temperature and quickly evaporates water on the cloth. The water-absorbing cloth has a strong capillary action and can maintain the balance of evaporated water.

One end of the sandwich cloth 2 is tightly attached to the inclined plane and used for absorbing heat energy of sunlight to evaporate water, and the other part of the sandwich cloth is immersed into liquid in the liquid storage tank and used for absorbing water, so that the water evaporation balance of the cloth at the position tightly attached to the inclined plane is kept.

According to the invention, the cloth for absorbing and evaporating water is the sandwich cloth, in the sandwich cloth, the micron or nano structure characteristics of the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth are matched with the filling amount of the metal debris layer, so that the metal debris layer collects the heat which is not completely utilized by the upper layer on one hand and is used for heating and evaporating the lower layer of nano cloth while ensuring normal water absorption and evaporation of the upper layer of nano cloth, and meanwhile, the water vapor generated by evaporation can rapidly pass through the gap of the metal debris layer and is evaporated through the micron or nano structure of the upper layer of nano cloth. The sandwich structure of the 'capillary material-metal chip-capillary material' is characterized in that a cushion layer of metal chips (such as copper chips, aluminum chips and the like) is added between two capillary materials (such as cloth and the like), and the metal chip cushion layer can increase the area of the surface (the surface of the cloth and the surface of the chips) serving as an evaporation medium and improve the evaporation efficiency; the high thermal conductivity of metal chip can be rapidly with surface absorption's heat transfer to piece layer and bottom cloth, makes the heat distribute evenly to can preserve the heat and make full use of the heat, the experiment proves, adopt behind the metal chip structure distillation efficiency can improve by more than 50% (compare with the tradition). In addition, the common metal scraps such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like are generated in a large amount in the manufacturing process of metal tools and are useless, the metal recovery can also cause negative influence on the environment, and the metal scraps are used as distiller cushions, so that the waste is utilized, and the environment is protected. In addition, the metal (such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like) substrate is adopted under the structure of the capillary material-metal scrap-capillary material, so that the production efficiency can be obviously improved.

Due to the high capillary action, water flows through the upper layer of nanofabric, which acts as a thin water layer surface, thus increasing the evaporation rate. Due to the temperature difference, water vapor condenses on the surface of the inner glass cover to improve productivity.

Specifically, the distiller's base 3 of the embodiment of the invention is supported by four metal corners, and the height of the rear support can be adjusted by stretching, screwing and the like, so as to change the inclination angle to obtain the optimal angle. The inclination angle of the glass top cover 1 is about 30 degrees, the absorption efficiency of solar radiation energy is higher at the moment, and the collection of condensed water on the top cover is facilitated. The inclination angle of the inclined plane is about 20 degrees, and the smaller angle can make the water flow slowly on the cloth, so that the water is easier to evaporate, and the radiation intensity is increased. The rear part of the distiller base 3 is provided with a liquid storage tank for storing seawater, sewage and the like. The top of the distiller base 3 is provided with a clamping groove. The glass top cover 1 is made of glass with high transmissivity, and the shape of the glass top cover is matched with the opening shape of the distiller base 3, so that the glass top cover 1 can completely cover and be arranged on the distiller base 3. The retort base 3 is painted black on the inside of the four walls and the outer walls are adhered with foam to absorb solar radiation energy as much as possible and reduce heat loss. The water collecting tank is connected with the front part of the glass top cover 1, water flowing down along the inclined glass top cover 1 is collected, and the front part of the water collecting tank is bent into a U-shaped groove so as to collect condensed water conveniently.

The 2 front ends of sandwich cloth that accompany metal fragment pave on the slope plane of distiller base 3 closely as far as possible, and the rear end extends to in the reservoir, and according to the reservoir shape with the cloth curved U-shaped, increase submergence length, the cloth promotes the absorption and the conduction of moisture through capillary structure, forms the great thin water layer of area on the slope plane of distiller base 3, improves the evaporation efficiency of water. It has the metal piece to accompany in the middle of the two-layer cloth, the metal piece can be for steel, aluminium, common metals such as copper, under this kind of structure, the high thermal conductivity of metal piece can be rapidly with surface absorption's heat transfer to piece layer and bottom cloth, make the even make full use of heat distribution, in addition, because upper cloth has the space, adnexed moisture can see through the direct evaporation in space on the metal piece layer, the surface area of evaporation has been increased, still can maintain the short time work after can making the device sunset as the heat-retaining medium.

In order to verify the evaporation efficiency of the distiller, the distiller adopts steel, aluminum and copper metal scraps as sandwich layers of the sandwich cloth 2 respectively. The surfaces of all steel, aluminum and copper metal scraps are uniformly coated with black paint. Specific examples are as follows.

Example 1

The included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 10 degrees, steel chips, iron chips and aluminum chips are respectively adopted as metal chip layers, the length of the metal chips is 0.1cm, the width of the metal chips is 0.2cm, the filling amount of the metal chips is 0.5 kg/square meter, the thickness of the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth is 0.1mm, and the characteristic size of a micron or nano structure is 40 mu m.

Experiments have shown that the thermal energy efficiency of a retort apparatus using steel scrap, iron scrap, and aluminum scrap as the metal scrap layer is 30.86%, 24.36%, and 50.31%, respectively.

Example 2

The included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees, steel chips, iron chips and aluminum chips are respectively adopted as metal chip layers, the length of the metal chips is 0.3cm, the width of the metal chips is 0.5cm, the filling amount is 1 kg/square meter, the thickness of the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth is 1mm, and the characteristic dimension of a micron or nano structure is 60 mu m.

Experiments have shown that the thermal energy efficiency of a retort apparatus using steel scrap, iron scrap, and aluminum scrap as the metal scrap layer is 32.94%, 25.36%, and 54.26%, respectively.

Example 3

The included angle between the glass top cover and the horizontal plane is 40 degrees, the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, steel chips, iron chips and aluminum chips are respectively adopted as metal chip layers, the length of the metal chips is 0.4cm, the width of the metal chips is 0.8cm, the filling amount is 2 kg/square meter, the thickness of the upper layer of nano cloth and the lower layer of nano cloth is 10mm, and the characteristic dimension of a micron or nano structure is 80 mu m.

Experiments have shown that the thermal energy efficiency of the retort apparatus using steel scrap, iron scrap, and aluminum scrap as the metal scrap layer is 32.03%, 24.14%, and 53.25%, respectively.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An enhanced solar seawater desalination distiller is characterized by comprising a distiller base (3), a glass top cover (1) tightly covered on the distiller base (3) and sandwich cloth (2) arranged in the distiller base (3),

the distiller base (3) comprises an inclined plane and a liquid storage tank, the inclined plane is fixedly connected with the liquid storage tank, the inclined plane is used for placing the sandwich cloth (2), and the liquid storage tank is used for storing seawater or sewage;

the glass top cover (1) comprises a glass top cover and a water collecting tank, wherein the glass top cover is a transparent glass cover which is obliquely arranged and is used for condensing evaporated water vapor and leading condensed and gathered clean water to flow into the water collecting tank along the glass top cover under the action of gravity;

one part of the sandwich cloth (2) is closely attached to the inclined plane, and the other part of the sandwich cloth extends into the liquid storage tank and is used for absorbing water and converting the water into steam by utilizing solar energy; sandwich cloth (2) include upper nanometer cloth, lower floor's nanometer cloth and set up the metal piece layer between upper nanometer cloth and lower floor's nanometer cloth, the metal piece layer is used for making the even make full use of heat distribution, has increased the superficial area of evaporation with upper nanometer cloth and lower floor's nanometer cloth of absorbed heat transfer.

2. A distiller as recited in claim 1, wherein the upper and lower nanosubscrims are each 5mm to 10mm thick.

3. A distiller as defined in claim 2, wherein the upper and lower nanosubscrims are each 6mm thick.

4. A distiller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layer of metal chips is metal chips, and the metal chips are one or more of copper chips, aluminum chips, and iron chips.

5. The distiller of claim 4 wherein said metal chips are filled in an amount of from 0.5 to 2kg per square meter.

6. A distiller according to claim 5 wherein said metal chips are filled in an amount of 1kg per square meter.

7. A distiller as defined in claim 4, wherein said metal chips have a length of 0.1cm to 0.4cm and a width of 0.2cm to 1 cm.

8. A distiller as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the upper and lower nanoslothes have micro-or nanostructures grown on their surfaces, said micro-or nanostructures having a diameter of no more than 100 μm.

9. A distiller according to claim 8 wherein said micro or nano structures have a diameter of 40 to 80 μm.

10. A distiller as defined in claim 9, wherein said micro or nano structures have a diameter of 60 μm.

11. A distiller according to any of claims 1-7, characterised in that said inclined plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 10 ° to 30 °.

12. A distiller according to claim 11 wherein said inclined plane is at an angle of 20 ° to the horizontal.

13. A distiller according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the glass top cover is angled at 20 ° to 40 ° to the horizontal.

14. A distiller as defined in claim 13 in which said glass top cover is angled 30 ° from horizontal.

15. A distiller according to any of claims 1-7, characterised in that the water collection sump is of U-shaped configuration.

16. A distiller according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inclined plane and the bottom of the reservoir are each provided with height adjustable legs.