CN109894611B - Chemical plating Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Chemical plating Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof. In the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, when the coating thickness is 1.5mm, the reflection loss peak value reaches-10.8 dB near 3GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -7.0dB is 2.6GHz, the wave-absorbing performance of the material is effectively improved, the corrosion resistance is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the wave-absorbing material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, low preparation cost and important significance in emphasizing the application aspect of the wave-absorbing material with the corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the aspect of electromagnetic interference resistance of the Internet of things.
Background
Under the large background that the country greatly promotes the integration of industrialization and informatization, the Internet of things is widely applied to the field of intelligent equipment. It is expected that with the development of wireless electronic instruments, wearable devices and mobile communication applied to the 5G frequency band of 3000-5000 MH, the application of the Internet of things will also step into the 5G era, but the radiation of various high-intensity electromagnetic waves to the Internet of things in the 5G frequency band will be more serious, and the information transmission speed and the communication efficiency of the Internet of things will be severely restricted.
The wave-absorbing material is a material capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves, can be used as a coating material of military stealth aircrafts, communication base stations, electronic instruments and high-power server equipment, and is mainly used for preventing electromagnetic pollution and signal interference. In practical application, besides requiring high absorption rate of the wave-absorbing material to electromagnetic waves in a wider frequency band, the material should also have good mechanical properties, weather resistance, corrosion resistance and the like in order to prolong the service life.
The iron-cobalt-based soft magnetic material has the characteristics of high saturation magnetization intensity, high magnetic conductivity, low coercive force, low loss and the like, is mainly applied to the fields of aviation generators and motors, radio electronic industry, precise instruments, modern communication equipment and the like, is used as a rotor material of aviation generators and motors, high-power pulse transformer cores and high-speed generators, can generate electric power under small shaking, and can be used as a wave absorbing material in the field of wave absorption due to the excellent soft magnetic property of the iron-cobalt alloy. However, such materials have poor corrosion resistance and have limited service life in practical use.
The composite wave-absorbing material obtained by the method has the advantages that the complex dielectric constant and the complex permeability of the obtained composite wave-absorbing material are adjusted by chemically plating copper on the iron-cobalt-based alloy powder, so that impedance matching can be improved, the composite wave-absorbing material with better absorption performance is obtained, and the wave-absorbing material prepared by the method has excellent corrosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a chemical plating Cu iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material, which is characterized in that firstly, iron-cobalt powder is subjected to high-energy ball milling treatment, then, the surface modification is carried out on the chemical plating Cu of the treated composite powder, the modified iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material has better machinability, the wave-absorbing performance is improved, and the modified iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material can be applied to the anti-electromagnetic interference in the Internet of things.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a chemical plating Cu iron cobalt base composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material specifically comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out preheating treatment on iron powder which is one of iron-cobalt-based powder raw materials under the protection of argon;
2) uniformly mixing a raw material of iron-cobalt-based powder, calcium stearate and ethanol, and then carrying out ball milling for 12-15 hours;
3) and filtering the ball-milled sample, drying in vacuum, carrying out chemical plating, filtering and drying to obtain the wave-absorbing corrosion-resistant material.
Further, the preheating temperature in the step (1) is 110-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-3 hours.
Further, in the step (2), the mixing ratio of the iron-cobalt-based powder, the calcium stearate and the ethanol is 100 g: (1-2) g: (150-200) mL.
Further, in the step (2), the ball milling process is carried out in a pendulum vibration ball mill, bearing steel balls are added into the ball mill, the bearing steel balls comprise small balls with the diameter of 4-6 mm and medium balls with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and the weight ratio of the small balls to the medium balls is 1: 1.
further, the weight ratio of the iron-cobalt-based powder to the bearing steel ball is 1: 10.
further, in the step (3), the vacuum drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours.
Further, in the step (3), the content of copper sulfate in the plating solution for chemical plating is 25-30 g.L-1The content of the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is 30-33 g.L-1The content of glyoxylic acid is 12.5-12.8 g.L-1The potassium hydroxide content is 25 to 27 g.L-1The content of alpha, alpha' -bipyridine is 10-15 g.L-1The content of potassium ferrocyanide is 10-15 g.L-1。
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the plating solution is 40-50 ℃ and the pH value is 10-11 during chemical plating, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 20-30 min, and then stirring is carried out for 20-30 min to complete the chemical plating.
The chemical plating Cu iron cobalt base composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is of a sheet structure, when the coating thickness is 1.5mm, the reflection loss peak value reaches-10.8 dB near 3GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -7.0dB is 2.6GHz, and the wave-absorbing performance and the corrosion resistance are improved.
The chemically plated Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention can be applied to the anti-electromagnetic interference of the Internet of things.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material with the corrosion resistance is obtained by chemically plating and modifying an iron-cobalt mechanical alloy, the reflection loss peak value reaches-10.8 dB near 3GHz when the coating thickness is 1.5mm within the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -7.0dB is 2.6GHz, the wave-absorbing performance is effectively improved, and the corrosion resistance is greatly improved; meanwhile, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the price is low, and the method has important significance in emphasizing the application of the wave-absorbing material with the corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a curve of the reflection loss of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing material obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention (the thickness of the coating is 1.5mm) along with the frequency change;
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of a preparation method of the chemical Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 3A is a scanning electron microscope picture of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing material obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3B is a scanning electron microscope picture of the iron-cobalt based composite wave-absorbing material obtained in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a real part curve of complex permeability of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 4B is a complex permeability imaginary part curve of the iron-cobalt based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 4C is a real part curve of the complex dielectric constant of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 4D is a complex dielectric constant imaginary curve of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 5A is a reflection loss curve (thickness of coating is 1.5mm) of iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing materials prepared in comparative example 1 and example 1;
FIG. 5B is a reflection loss curve (thickness of coating is 1.5mm) of the iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in example 2 and example 3;
fig. 5C is a reflection loss curve (coating thickness 1.5mm) of the iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material prepared in example 4 and example 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Comparative example 1: preparation of iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing sample material without chemical plating
Firstly, preheating iron powder which is one of iron-cobalt-based powder raw materials, and preheating the raw materials for 2 hours at 120 ℃ under the protection of argon; 97g of iron powder, 3g of cobalt powder raw material, 1g of calcium stearate and 1000g of bearing steel ball are placed into a ball milling tank according to the mass ratio of material balls to each other of 97:3:1:1000, wherein the bearing steel ball consists of a small ball with the diameter of 6mm and a medium ball with the diameter of 8mm, the mass ratio of the small ball to the medium ball is 1:1, 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added to immerse the raw material, the raw material is uniformly stirred by a glass rod and then is hermetically placed into a vibration ball mill for ball milling treatment. The ball milling time is 12 hours, and after the ball milling is finished, the obtained slurry is put into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain the required sample raw material.
Characterizing the micro-morphology of the experimental sample by using a Zeiss scanning electron microscope EVO18, as shown in FIG. 3A; the coaxial line method adopts an Agilent vector network analyzer (PNA8363B) to measure the complex dielectric constant and complex permeability (epsilon ',' mu ', mu') of a sample in the frequency range of 1-18 GHz, as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D;
the reflection loss at a coating thickness of 1.5mm was then calculated from transmission line theoretical simulations, as shown in FIG. 5A.
Example 1: preparation of chemical plating Cu iron cobalt base composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material
Firstly, preheating iron powder which is one of iron-cobalt-based powder raw materials, and preheating the raw materials for 2 hours at 120 ℃ under the protection of argon; 97g of iron powder, 3g of cobalt powder raw material, 1g of calcium stearate and 1000g of bearing steel ball are placed into a ball milling tank according to the mass ratio of 97:3:1:1000 of material ballsWherein the bearing steel ball consists of small balls with the diameter of 6mm and middle balls with the diameter of 8mm, the mass ratio of the small balls to the middle balls is 1:1, 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added to immerse the raw materials, the raw materials are uniformly stirred by a glass rod and then hermetically placed in a vibration ball mill for ball milling treatment, the ball milling time is 12 hours, the obtained slurry is placed in a vacuum drying box for drying for 1 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃, the obtained iron cobalt powder is placed in a plating solution with the temperature of 45 ℃ for chemical plating (the copper sulfate content in the plating solution is 28 g.L)-1The content of the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 32 g.L-1The glyoxylic acid content is 12.6 g.L-1The potassium hydroxide content is 26 g.L-1The content of alpha, alpha' -bipyridine is 10 g.L-1The content of potassium ferrocyanide is 10 g.L-1. ) The pH value of the plating solution is 11, the ultrasonic treatment is firstly carried out for 20min, and then the stirring is carried out for 30 min.
Characterizing the micro-morphology of the experimental sample by using a Zeiss scanning electron microscope EVO18, as shown in FIG. 3B; the coaxial line method adopts an Agilent vector network analyzer (PNA8363B) to measure the complex dielectric constant and complex permeability (epsilon ',' mu ', mu') of a sample in the frequency range of 1-18 GHz, as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D; the reflection loss at a coating thickness of 1.5mm was then calculated from transmission line theoretical simulations, as shown in FIG. 5A.
Example 2
The iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing sample material prepared in comparative example 1 is subjected to corrosion reaction for 14 hours, wherein the corrosion condition is according to the national standard GB T19746-2005, and the concentration of the salt solution is 50 g/L. Electromagnetic parameters can be measured by a vector network analyzer, and a reflection loss variation with frequency curve of 1.5mm coating thickness is calculated according to a line transmission theory, as shown in fig. 5B.
Example 3
The chemical Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared in the example 1 is subjected to corrosion reaction for 14 hours, wherein the corrosion condition is according to the national standard GB T19746-2005, and the concentration of the salt solution is 50 g/L. Electromagnetic parameters can be measured by a vector network analyzer, and a reflection loss variation with frequency curve of 1.5mm coating thickness is calculated according to a line transmission theory, as shown in fig. 5B.
Example 4
The iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing sample material prepared in comparative example 1 is subjected to corrosion reaction for 28 hours under the corrosion condition according to the national standard GB T19746-2005, and the concentration of the salt solution is 50 g/L. Electromagnetic parameters can be measured by a vector network analyzer, and a reflection loss variation with frequency curve of 1.5mm coating thickness is calculated according to a line transmission theory, as shown in fig. 5C.
Example 5
The chemical Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 1 is subjected to corrosion reaction for 28 hours, wherein the corrosion condition is according to the national standard GB T19746-2005, and the concentration of the salt solution is 50 g/L. Electromagnetic parameters can be measured by a vector network analyzer, and a reflection loss variation with frequency curve of 1.5mm coating thickness is calculated according to a line transmission theory, as shown in fig. 5C.
FIG. 3A is a microscopic morphology of the Fe-Co based composite wave-absorbing sample material prepared in comparative example 1, which shows that the powder particles are dispersed and have a regular sheet-like structure; fig. 3B is a micro-topography of the electroless Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the micro-topography that many fine particles are generated, and the flaky surface is covered with ultrafine particles. This shows that the particle distribution state of the original iron-cobalt alloy can be changed by chemical plating, which may affect the wave-absorbing performance of the wave-absorbing material.
In FIG. 4A, it can be seen that the real part of the complex permeability shows a decreasing trend with increasing frequency and the decreasing trend becomes gentler as the frequency is higher, due to the dispersion phenomenon in the frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz. The real part of complex permeability of example 1 is not significantly changed from that of comparative example 1.
In fig. 4B, it can be seen that the imaginary part of the complex permeability shows an ascending trend at 1 to 3GH, a descending trend at 3 to 18GHz, and a more obvious magnetic loss peak appears at the frequency point of 3GHz, and the reason for this magnetic loss peak may be: (1) exchange coupling action exists among the refined grains; (2) the eddy current of the flaky structure particles is small, so that the demagnetization performance is reduced, and magnetic resonance is generated; (3) the composite powder has natural resonance phenomenon in the electromagnetic field. It can be seen from fig. 4A and 4B that the permeability of the iron-cobalt alloy sample after electroless copper plating has a small change, because the complex permeability of the whole iron-cobalt-based powder is not greatly affected by the thin dense oxide film formed on the surface of the iron-cobalt alloy powder by copper.
In fig. 4C, it can be seen that the real part of the complex dielectric constant is reduced with the increase of the frequency due to the dispersion phenomenon in the frequency range of 1 to 18GHz, wherein the real part of the complex dielectric constant of the iron-cobalt alloy powder is steeply reduced, and the real part of the complex dielectric constant of the wave-absorbing material of the iron-cobalt copper-plated material is gently reduced. In the copper-plated material of iron-cobalt, Cu is used+The appearance of ions increases the number of ions and electric dipoles, and the proportion of other phases in the material increases, so that the real part of the complex dielectric constant increases according to the theory of interfacial polarization. The formants appear at high frequencies and are broadened in comparison to the iron-cobalt alloy powder due to non-uniform sizes of the iron-cobalt alloy and random orientation in the composite material.
In FIG. 4D, it can be seen that the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant increases with the increase of the frequency in the frequency range of 1-18 GHz, and shows a curve form of multimode resonance in the frequency range, and two larger resonance peaks appear at low frequency and high frequency. The imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant of the copper-plated iron-cobalt alloy material is lower than that of the iron-cobalt alloy at low frequency, the rising trend of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant is more gentle, and the imaginary part value of the complex dielectric constant of the copper-plated iron-cobalt alloy material is far smaller than that of the original iron-cobalt alloy in a range of 3-6 GHz probably due to longer relaxation time and non-uniformity of a microstructure of the iron-cobalt copper-plated alloy material.
Fig. 5A is a reflection loss curve obtained when the material thickness is designed to be 1.5mm by an electromagnetic field transmission line theoretical formula. The loss performance of the copper plating modification on the iron-cobalt-based alloy powder is obviously improved within the frequency range of 2.5-5 GHz, at the frequency point of 2.4GHz, the reflection loss extreme value of an iron-cobalt-based alloy powder sample which is not subjected to copper plating treatment is-9.3 dB, and the reflection loss extreme value of the wave-absorbing material which is subjected to copper plating modification is obviously lower and reaches-10.8 dB at 3 GHz; it can be seen that at different extreme values of reflection loss, the absorption bandwidth of the wave-absorbing material modified by copper plating is larger than that of the iron-cobalt-based alloy powder sample which is not subjected to copper plating.
Fig. 5B and 5C show reflection loss curves obtained by designing a material thickness of 1.5mm according to an electromagnetic field transmission line theory formula and subjected to salination treatment for 14h and 28 h. As can be clearly seen in the figure 5B, the reflection loss peak of the wave-absorbing material modified by copper plating is positioned at 3GHz, the reflection loss peak position is almost unchanged along with the change of the salinization treatment time, and the position of the reflection loss peak of the iron-cobalt-based powder sample moves from 2.4GHz to 4.4 GHz. From the 5C picture, it can be obviously seen that the reflection loss peak of the wave-absorbing material modified by copper plating is located at 4.1 GHz, and the reflection loss peak of the iron-cobalt-based powder sample is located at 4.9 GHz.
In conclusion, the copper-plated iron-cobalt-based composite wave-absorbing material prepared by the method has the advantages that the wave-absorbing performance is effectively improved, and the corrosion resistance can be greatly improved.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. However, the above description is only an example of the present invention, the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a chemical plating Cu iron cobalt base composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out preheating treatment on iron powder which is one of iron-cobalt-based powder raw materials under the protection of argon;
2) uniformly mixing an iron-cobalt-based powder raw material, calcium stearate and ethanol according to the proportion of 100 g (1-2) g (150-200) mL, and then carrying out ball milling for 12-15 hours, wherein the mass ratio of iron powder to cobalt powder in the iron-cobalt-based powder is 97: 3;
3) filtering the ball-milled sample, drying in vacuum, carrying out chemical plating, filtering and drying to obtain the corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material;
in the step 3), the content of copper sulfate in the plating solution for chemical plating is 25-30 g.L-1The content of the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 30~33 g·L-1The content of glyoxylic acid is 12.5-12.8 g.L-1The potassium hydroxide content is 25 to 27 g.L-1The content of alpha, alpha ʹ -bipyridine is 10-15 g.L-1The content of potassium ferrocyanide is 10-15 g.L-1(ii) a And (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the pH value of 10-11 during chemical plating, and then stirring for 20-30 min to complete the chemical plating.
2. The preparation method of the electroless Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature in the step 1) is 110-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 2-3 hours.
3. The preparation method of the chemical plating Cu iron cobalt based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the ball milling process is carried out in a vibration ball mill, bearing steel balls are added into the ball mill, the bearing steel balls comprise small balls with the diameter of 4-6 mm and medium balls with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and the weight ratio of the small balls to the medium balls is 1: 1.
4. the preparation method of the electroless Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the iron-cobalt-based powder to the bearing steel balls is 1: 10.
5. the preparation method of the electroless Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the vacuum drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 1-2 hours.
6. The chemical plating Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material prepared by the preparation method of the chemical plating Cu-Fe-Co-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that the corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material is of a sheet structure, when the coating thickness is 1.5mm, the reflection loss peak value reaches-10.8 dB near 3GHz, the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -7.0dB is 2.6GHz, and the wave-absorbing performance and the corrosion resistance are high.
7. The application of the electroless Cu-plated iron-cobalt-based composite corrosion-resistant wave-absorbing material disclosed by claim 6 in resisting electromagnetic interference of the Internet of things.
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