CN109847650B - Granulator and working method thereof - Google Patents

Granulator and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109847650B
CN109847650B CN201910047692.8A CN201910047692A CN109847650B CN 109847650 B CN109847650 B CN 109847650B CN 201910047692 A CN201910047692 A CN 201910047692A CN 109847650 B CN109847650 B CN 109847650B
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machine barrel
screw
die
extrusion
compression roller
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CN109847650A (en
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彭飞
黄志刚
方芳
刘玉德
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00Making granules
    • B29B9/08Making granules by agglomerating smaller particles

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a granulator and a working method thereof, wherein the granulator comprises an operation door, a material guide channel, a material outlet, a rack, a screw, a machine barrel, a ring die, a compression roller set, a first motor, a second driving system and a cutter; the rear end of the machine barrel is provided with a flange, the machine barrel is connected to a rotary table through the flange, and the rotary table is connected with a second driving system; one end of the screw rod is arranged on the operation door, and the other end of the screw rod is positioned in the machine barrel; the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel is provided with an extrusion hole, and the inner diameter of the extrusion hole gradually becomes smaller from inside to outside along the radial direction; the compression roller sets are arranged outside the machine barrel, are arranged inside the ring die and are uniformly distributed along the axial center circumference of the ring die; the compression roller group is annularly fixed on the turntable; the axial lead of the ring die is overlapped with the axial leads of the screw and the machine barrel; the ring mould is controlled by a second drive system. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the powder content of the feed is reduced, the quality of the feed is improved, the phenomenon of blocking is avoided, and the productivity is improved.

Description

Granulator and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and relates to a granulator and a working method thereof.
Background
The feed is a material basis for developing modern livestock and aquaculture, is an important component of a modern agricultural industry system, and has extremely important roles in national economy (Ding Jiang, wang Zheng, the roles and influences of the feed industry in national economy [ J ]. Feed research, 2010 (2): 13-14). The feed industry in China starts late, but has large demand and rapid development, the total yield of feed in the 2016-year nationwide is about 2.1 hundred million tons, and the feed industry in the 2016-year nationwide has become the most important feed production country worldwide (national livestock total station: chinese feed, 2017 (13): 1-2).
Granulation refers to the polymerization of a powdered or liquid feedstock by mechanical or chemical means. In the feed processing process, the powdery feed raw material or powdery feed is subjected to hydrothermal tempering, and the feed is forced to pass through the die holes and is bonded and formed under the extrusion action of mechanical parts such as a die roller and the like. The feed after pelletization has the following advantages: (1) animal feeding can be avoided; (2) the feed return rate is high; (3) the storage and transportation are more economical; (4) the fluidity is good, and the management is convenient; (5) layering of different components can be avoided, and environmental pollution is reduced; (6) killing salmonella in animal feed, etc. Pelletization is an important procedure in the modern feed processing process, and is a main forming technology of the feed.
The existing granulator has the following defects: 1. directly extruding the material to be granulated from a loose state to a compact state, wherein the granulated particles have larger internal stress and have the problems of high powder content, high energy consumption, low particle durability and the like; 2. due to the reasons of uneven feeding and distribution of loose materials to be granulated, accumulation near a die hole and the like, phenomena such as blocking and the like are easy to occur, the waste of raw materials is caused, and the production efficiency is reduced; 3. most of the granulating machines in the market adopt a structure of a ring die and two pressing rollers, and the abrasion of the ring die and the pressing rollers is large, so that the problems of large energy consumption, short service life and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide the granulator with less blockage, high working efficiency, low powder content of the prepared feed, good quality and reliable performance.
The invention also provides a working method of the granulator.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a granulator comprises an operation door, a material guide channel, a discharge hole, a frame, a screw, a machine barrel, a ring die, a compression roller set, a first motor, a second driving system and a cutter;
one end of the material guide channel is connected with the feed inlet, and the other end of the material guide channel extends into the machine barrel;
the rear end of the machine barrel is provided with a flange, the machine barrel is connected to a rotary table through the flange, and the rotary table is connected with a second driving system;
one end of the screw rod is arranged on the operation door, and the other end of the screw rod is positioned in the machine barrel;
the axis of the screw and the axis of the machine barrel are horizontally arranged, and the axis of the screw is coincident with the axis of the machine barrel;
the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel is provided with an extrusion hole, and the inner diameter of the extrusion hole gradually becomes smaller from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the compression roller sets are arranged outside the machine barrel, are arranged inside the ring die and are uniformly distributed along the axial center circumference of the ring die; the compression roller group is annularly fixed on the turntable;
the axial lead of the ring die is overlapped with the axial leads of the screw and the machine barrel; the ring mould is controlled by a second driving system;
the annular die comprises a die hole, wherein the inner diameter of the die hole gradually becomes smaller from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the cutter is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the ring die and is tangential to the outer wall of the ring die;
the first motor is fixed on the first bracket and is connected with the screw rod through a first coupler;
the second driving system comprises a second motor, a driving wheel, a transmission belt, a driven wheel, a second bracket and a main shaft; the second motor is fixed above the frame, and the driving wheel is connected with the second motor and is controlled to rotate and stop by the second motor; one end of the transmission belt is connected with the driving wheel, and the other end of the transmission belt is connected with the driven wheel; the driven wheel is fixedly connected with the coaxial center of the main shaft, the main shaft penetrates through the second bracket, and the lower end of the second bracket is fixed on the frame.
The existing granulator often has the problems of high powder content, high energy consumption, low particle durability and the like, and the reason is that the water content range of the material after tempering is generally 15% -18%, the material is in a loose state, larger gaps exist among the material powder, the material is directly changed into a compact state after being compact through extrusion in the traditional granulating process, larger internal stress exists in the granulated particles, elastic expansion and elastic hysteresis behaviors exist in the particles, and the particles are cracked and then cause the problems. According to the scheme, one end of the screw is arranged on the operation door, the other end of the screw is positioned in the machine barrel, and the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel is provided with the extrusion hole, so that the material is homogenized and pressure-maintaining during the process of moving in the machine barrel through the screw; as the material enters the cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel, the cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel forms a local high-pressure area, and the material is further extruded from the extrusion hole of the cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel, so that the first-stage granulation is completed; the particles prepared in the first stage are relatively compact, have small internal stress and basically have no elastic expansion phenomenon. In addition, the inner diameter of the extrusion hole gradually becomes smaller from inside to outside along the radial direction, and the structural design ensures that the stress and the internal tissue structure of the material change uniformly in the extrusion process of the machine barrel. And then, the material initially compressed in the first stage enters a granulating area between the machine barrel and the ring die, and is extruded from a die hole on the ring die under the extrusion action of the compression roller group and the ring die, so that the granulating in the second stage is completed. Through the granulator and the working method thereof, the internal stress and the elastic expansion stress of particles are reduced, the phenomena of high powder content, high energy consumption and low particle durability existing between particles when the material is directly changed from a loose state to a compact state are avoided, the equipment utilization rate is improved, the energy consumption is saved, and the waste caused by pulverization of the granulated feed is reduced.
Preferably, the material guiding channel is located at the outer side of the operation door, an opening is formed in the material guiding channel, the opening is a rectangular notch, and an ear-shaped groove is formed in the lower end of the opening. The design is convenient for carrying out operations such as material observation, sampling and the like at the opening; meanwhile, when the feeding amount is large or the granulator is blocked, the discharging effect can be achieved.
Preferably, the diameter of the rear end of the screw is gradually increased and the pitch is gradually decreased.
Preferably, the number of the press rolls of the press roll set is 5.
Preferably, the diameter of the extrusion orifice is in the range of phi 8-15mm, and the axial length of the extrusion orifice is 2-4 times the inner diameter thereof.
Preferably, the diameter of the die hole is in the range of phi 1.5-8mm, and the axial length of the die hole is 6-9 times of the inner diameter of the die hole.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the barrel ranges from 250 to 300mm; the inner diameter of the ring mould is in the range of phi 750-900mm.
The invention also solves the technical problems of providing a working method of the granulator, which has the advantages of less blocking, high working efficiency, low powder content of the prepared feed, good quality and reliable performance.
A method of operating a granulator comprising the steps of:
(1) feeding the material to be granulated into a machine barrel through a material guide channel;
(2) the first motor drives the material to move towards the rear end of the machine barrel through the driving screw, the material is extruded through the extrusion hole through extrusion between the screw and the machine barrel, and therefore the first-stage granulation is completed;
(3) feeding the material after the first-stage granulation into a region between a machine barrel and the annular die, and extruding the material from the die holes under the extrusion action of the compression roller group and the annular die, so as to complete the second-stage granulation;
(4) and the material after the second stage of granulation is cut off by a cutter and finally discharged along a discharge hole.
By adopting the structure and the working method, the extrusion force applied to the material gradually becomes larger, the internal structure of the material is gradually densified, and the internal stress of the material can be slowed down and the quality of the feed can be improved due to the gradual transition of the stress of the material and the gradual densification of the density. The materials are subjected to primary granulation in the first stage and further granulation in the second stage, and the two-stage granulation design ensures that the transition property is good in the process of changing the state of the materials in the granulation process, thereby being beneficial to improving the quality of the feed and reducing the pulverization rate of the granules.
The screw rod plays a role in conveying and extruding simultaneously, so that on one hand, the physical behavior of a large amount of materials to be granulated in a traditional granulator which are randomly piled up can be improved, the materials to be granulated can orderly move in a machine barrel, and phenomena of blockage and the like caused by that loose materials to be granulated are piled up between a ring die and a compression roller in a large amount are avoided; on the other hand, the extrusion holes on the screw and the side walls of the machine barrel and the machine barrel enable the materials to be pelletized to be extruded and compressed in volume preliminarily, so that the operation efficiency of extrusion of the ring molding roller in the next stage is improved.
The compression roller group can play roles in extrusion and granulation in the second-stage granulation process; meanwhile, in the first-stage granulating process, the material extruded by the extrusion holes and the compression roller set can move relatively, and the compression roller set can also play a role in cutting off the material.
In addition, as a high-pressure area is formed in the screw and the machine barrel, the annular die rotates in the second stage of granulating to enable centrifugal movement of materials, a negative pressure area is formed between the annular die and the machine barrel, and finally, a pressure difference of high pressure and negative pressure is formed; this is favorable to the material to extrude from the extrusion port of barrel, can avoid the extrusion port to take place to block up.
Preferably, the direction of rotation of the screw in step (2) is opposite to the direction of rotation of the barrel. By the design and the working method, the screw rod and the machine barrel are in a relative rotation state, and preliminary compression of materials to be granulated in the machine barrel is facilitated.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the screw in step (2) is 280-300r/min and the rotational speed of the barrel is 40-60r/min. The preferential rotating speed can enable the discharging quantity of the first stage to be matched with the quantity of the materials required to be processed in the second stage, so that the whole granulator achieves better working efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, two-stage granulation is adopted, extrusion holes are formed in the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel, and the screw and the machine barrel can realize homogenization and pressure maintaining treatment on materials; the material enters a cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel, a local high-pressure area is formed at the rear end of the machine barrel, and the material is extruded from an extrusion hole of the cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel, so that the first-stage granulation is completed; the particles prepared in the first stage are relatively compact, have small internal stress and basically have no elastic expansion phenomenon. And then, the materials after the first-stage granulation enter a second-stage granulation area between a machine barrel and the ring die, are extruded from a die hole on the ring die under the extrusion action of the compression roller group and the ring die, and finish the second-stage granulation. Through the granulator and the working method thereof, the internal stress and the elastic expansion stress of the granules are reduced, the phenomena of high powder content, high energy consumption, low granule durability and the like existing between granule particles when the material is directly changed from a loose state to a compact state are avoided, the quality of the feed is improved, and the waste caused by pulverization of the granular feed is reduced.
(2) The screw rod plays a role in conveying and extruding simultaneously, so that on one hand, the physical behavior of random and massive accumulation of materials to be granulated in a traditional granulator can be improved, the materials to be granulated orderly move in a machine barrel, and phenomena of massive accumulation of loose materials to be granulated between a ring die and a compression roller, blockage and the like are avoided; on the other hand, the extrusion holes on the screw rod, the machine barrel and the side wall of the machine barrel enable the materials to be pelletized to be primarily extruded and primarily compressed in volume, and the operation efficiency of pelletizing of the ring molding roller in the next stage is improved.
(3) The screw and the machine barrel form a high-pressure area, a negative-pressure area is formed between the ring die and the machine barrel in the second stage of granulating, and the extrusion of materials from the extrusion opening of the machine barrel is facilitated through the pressure difference between high pressure and negative pressure, so that the blockage phenomenon of the extrusion opening can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the granulation section of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the barrel structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the screw according to the present invention.
In the figure, the device comprises a 1-operation door, a 2-material guide channel, a 21-opening, a 22-groove, a 3-material outlet, a 4-rack, a 5-screw, a 6-machine barrel, a 61-extrusion hole, a 62-flange, a 7-ring die, a 71-die hole, an 8-press roll set, 81-press rolls, a 9-first motor, a 91-first support, a 92-first coupling, a 10-second driving system, a 101-second motor, a 102-driving wheel, a 103-driving belt, a 104-driven wheel, a 105-second support, a 106-main shaft, a 11-cutter and a 12-turntable.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in detail and are not intended to limit it.
Example 1
1-4, a granulator comprises an operation door 1, a material guide channel 2, a material outlet 3, a frame 4, a screw 5, a machine barrel 6, a ring die 7, a compression roller set 8, a first motor 9, a second driving system 10 and a cutter 11;
one end of the material guide channel 2 is connected with a feed inlet, and the other end of the material guide channel extends into the machine barrel 6;
a flange 62 is arranged at the rear end of the machine barrel 6, the machine barrel 6 is connected to the rotary table 12 through the flange 62, and the rotary table 12 is connected with the second driving system 10;
one end of the screw 5 is arranged on the operation door 1, and the other end of the screw is positioned in the machine barrel 6;
the axial leads of the screw 5 and the machine barrel 6 are horizontally arranged, and the axial lead of the screw 5 is overlapped with the axial lead of the machine barrel 6;
an extrusion hole 61 is formed in the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel 6, and the inner diameter of the extrusion hole 61 is gradually reduced from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the press roller group 8 is arranged outside the machine barrel 6, and the press roller group 8 is arranged inside the annular die 7 and is uniformly distributed along the axial circumference of the annular die 7; the compression roller group 8 is annularly fixed on the rotary table 12;
the axial lead of the annular die 7 is coincident with the axial leads of the screw 5 and the machine barrel 6; the ring mould 7 is controlled by the second drive system 10;
the ring die 7 comprises a die hole 71, wherein the inner diameter of the die hole 71 gradually decreases from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the cutter 11 is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the ring die 7 and is tangential to the outer wall of the ring die 7;
the first motor 9 is fixed on a first bracket 91, and the first motor 9 is connected with the screw 5 through a first coupler 92;
the second driving system 10 comprises a second motor 101, a driving wheel 102, a transmission belt 103, a driven wheel 104, a second bracket 105 and a main shaft 106; the second motor 101 is fixed above the frame 4, and the driving wheel 102 is connected with the second motor 101 and is controlled to rotate and stop by the second motor 101; one end of the transmission belt 103 is connected with the driving wheel 102, and the other end is connected with the driven wheel 104; the driven wheel 104 is fixedly connected with the spindle 106 in a coaxial manner, the spindle 106 penetrates through the second support 105, and the lower end of the second support 105 is fixed on the stand 4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material guiding channel 2 is located at the outer side of the operation door 1, an opening 21 is provided on the material guiding channel 2, the opening 21 is a rectangular notch, and an ear-shaped groove 22 is provided at the lower end of the opening 21.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the rear end of the screw 5 is gradually increased in diameter and gradually decreased in pitch.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of press rolls 81 of the press roll set 8 is 5.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the extrusion hole 61 is in the range of 8-15mm, and the axial length of the extrusion hole 61 is 2-4 times the inner diameter thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the die hole 71 is in the range of 1.5-8mm, and the axial length of the die hole 71 is 6-9 times the inner diameter thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner diameter of the barrel 6 ranges from phi 250 to 300mm; the inner diameter of the ring mould is in the range of phi 750-900mm.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-4, a method of operating a granulator implemented on the basis of example 1 comprises the steps of:
(1) feeding the material to be granulated into the barrel 6 through the material guide channel 2;
(2) the first motor 9 drives the material to move towards the rear end of the machine barrel 6 by driving the screw 5, the material is extruded by the extrusion hole 61 through extrusion between the screw 5 and the machine barrel 6, and thus the first-stage granulation is completed;
(3) the material after the first stage granulation enters the area between the machine barrel 6 and the ring die 7, and is extruded from the die holes 71 under the extrusion action of the compression roller group 8 and the ring die 7, so that the second stage granulation is completed;
(4) and the materials after the second stage of granulation are cut off by a cutter and finally discharged along the discharge port 3.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotation direction of the screw 5 in the step (2) is opposite to the rotation direction of the cylinder 6.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotational speed of the screw 5 in the step (2) is 280-300r/min, and the rotational speed of the cylinder 6 is 40-60r/min.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that would be easily recognized by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The granulator is characterized by comprising an operation door (1), a material guide channel (2), a material outlet (3), a frame (4), a screw (5), a machine barrel (6), a ring die (7), a compression roller set (8), a first motor (9), a second driving system (10) and a cutter (11);
one end of the material guide channel (2) is connected with a feed inlet, and the other end of the material guide channel extends into the machine barrel (6);
the rear end of the machine barrel (6) is provided with a flange (62), the machine barrel (6) is connected to a rotary table (12) through the flange (62), and the rotary table (12) is connected with a second driving system (10);
one end of the screw rod (5) is arranged on the operation door (1), and the other end of the screw rod is positioned in the machine barrel (6);
the axes of the screw (5) and the machine barrel (6) are horizontally arranged, and the axis of the screw (5) is coincident with the axis of the machine barrel (6);
an extrusion hole (61) is formed in the side wall of the rear end of the machine barrel (6), and the inner diameter of the extrusion hole (61) gradually becomes smaller from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the compression roller set (8) is arranged outside the machine barrel (6), and the compression roller set (8) is arranged inside the annular die (7) and is uniformly distributed along the axial circumference of the annular die (7); the compression roller group (8) is annularly fixed on the rotary table (12);
the axial lead of the annular die (7) is coincident with the axial leads of the screw (5) and the machine barrel (6); -said ring mould (7) is controlled by said second drive system (10);
the annular die (7) comprises a die hole (71), and the inner diameter of the die hole (71) gradually decreases from inside to outside along the radial direction;
the cutter (11) is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the ring die (7) and is tangential to the outer wall of the ring die (7);
the first motor (9) is fixed on the first bracket (91), and the first motor (9) is connected with the screw (5) through a first coupler (92);
the second driving system (10) comprises a second motor (101), a driving wheel (102), a transmission belt (103), a driven wheel (104), a second bracket (105) and a main shaft (106); the second motor (101) is fixed above the frame (4), and the driving wheel (102) is connected with the second motor (101) and is controlled to rotate and stop by the second motor; one end of the transmission belt (103) is connected with the driving wheel (102), and the other end of the transmission belt is connected with the driven wheel (104); the driven wheel (104) is fixedly connected with the main shaft (106) in a coaxial manner, the main shaft (106) penetrates through the second bracket (105), and the lower end of the second bracket (105) is fixed on the frame (4);
the diameter of the rear end of the screw rod (5) is gradually increased, and the screw pitch is gradually reduced;
the materials move in the machine barrel (6) through the screw (5) and are extruded out through the extrusion hole (61) of the cavity at the rear end of the machine barrel (6), so that the first-stage granulation is finished; the material which is preliminarily compressed in the first stage enters a granulating area between a machine barrel (6) and a ring die (7), is extruded by a die hole (71) on the ring die (7) under the extrusion action of a compression roller group (8) and the ring die (7), and is granulated in the second stage.
2. A granulator according to claim 1, wherein the guide channel (2) is provided with an opening (21), the opening (21) is a rectangular notch, and the lower end of the opening (21) is provided with an ear-shaped recess (22).
3. A granulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of rolls (81) of the set of rolls (8) is 5.
4. A granulator according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the extrusion orifice (61) is in the range of from 8 to 15mm, the axial length of the extrusion orifice (61) being 2 to 4 times its inner diameter.
5. A granulator according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the die orifice (71) is in the range of from 1.5 to 8mm, the axial length of the die orifice (71) being 6 to 9 times its inner diameter.
6. A granulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal diameter of the cylinder (6) ranges from 250 to 300mm; the inner diameter of the ring mould is in the range of phi 750-900mm.
7. A method of operating a granulator according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) feeding the material to be granulated into the barrel (6) through the material guide channel (2);
(2) the first motor (9) drives the material to move towards the rear end of the machine barrel (6) by driving the screw (5), the material is extruded through the extrusion hole (61) by extrusion between the screw (5) and the machine barrel (6), and therefore the first-stage granulation is completed;
(3) feeding the material after the first-stage granulation into a region between the machine barrel (6) and the annular die (7), and extruding the material from the die holes (71) under the extrusion action of the compression roller group (8) and the annular die (7), thereby completing the second-stage granulation;
(4) and the material after the second stage of granulation is cut off by a cutter and finally discharged along the discharge port (3).
8. A method of operating a granulator according to claim 7, wherein the direction of rotation of the screw (5) of step (2) is opposite to the direction of rotation of the barrel (6).
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the rotational speed of the screw (5) in step (2) is 280-300r/min and the rotational speed of the barrel (6) is 40-60r/min.
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