CN109805157A - Aquaculture organisms fodder grass and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109805157A CN109805157A CN201810795234.8A CN201810795234A CN109805157A CN 109805157 A CN109805157 A CN 109805157A CN 201810795234 A CN201810795234 A CN 201810795234A CN 109805157 A CN109805157 A CN 109805157A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to aquaculture organisms fodder grasses and preparation method thereof, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, which is characterized in that density is 0.95~1.05g/cm3.The aquatic products that the present invention can satisfy different water levels can be had, and the present invention will not influence the dissolved oxygen in water body, can accelerate the growth of aquatic products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture organisms fodder grasses and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Traditional aquaculture fodder grass is directly by fodder grass dried and crushed, and without fermentation, such method, which exists, is raised
Forage does not ferment, and putting into water will continue to ferment, and consumes the oxygen in water, leads to aquatic products anoxic, existing market is few such
Product;Another method is to ferment, such as the patent No. 2018101323732, a kind of high-performance aquaculture organisms fodder grass
And preparation method thereof, it needs to dry material to water content < 8%, then adds water tune water content to 55-60%, the method
There are following defect, 1) in dry process, enzyme is caused to inactivate and organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and can disappear
Change the reduction of organic nutrient substance, nutrient composition content is low;2) preparation method is complicated, needs to dry, then adds water;3) object
Material has problems in that specific gravity is less than water based on plant material, supplemented by microorganism, therefore floats on the water surface when launching
On, and aquatic products has a life habit of oneself, and some aquatic products like being active in upper layer, during some aquatic products are liked being active in
Layer, aquatic products also are liked being active in lower layer, and accordingly, there exist the habit problems for not being able to satisfy various aquatic products, so that some aquatic products
After launching material, due to life habit problem, food can not be had quickly, and fermented again after drying fodder grass nutriment
Content is low, thus causes aquatic products development slow.
In addition, applicant further found that being granulated using plant or straw merely, this not high problem of granulating rate.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as current aquatic biological fodder grass, the present invention provides aquaculture organisms fodder grass and its preparation side
Method solves technical problem 1) it is the content for improving nutriment in fodder grass;Solve the problems, such as it 2) is to keep the aquatic products of each water layer all square
Just fodder grass is had;It solves the problems, such as 3) to be the granulating rate for improving fodder grass.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/
cm³。
It further include fermentation materials.
Preferably, contain manioc waste in the fermentation materials.
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, follows the steps below:
1) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are prepared to get fermentation basestocks;
2) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, sent out under certain condition
Ferment is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk.
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, follows the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: fermenting plant or/stalk are configured to get fermentation basestocks;
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, sent out under certain condition
Ferment is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biological forage grass after broken, granulation
Material.
Preferably, sugar content is 1~4% in fermentation basestocks described in step 1) or step a), and water content is 55~75%.
Preferably, beneficial microbe described in step 2 or step b) is one or both of lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete;
The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism are 900~1000:0~100:0.1~20 according to mass ratio, and ferment item
Part is that oxygen concentration is 0.1~3%, and temperature is 18~38 DEG C, and fermentation time is 15~50 days.
Preferably, bacterial strain described in step c) is bacillus;The culture medium be by manioc waste, mealy potato, furfural dregs and
Calcium carbonate is according to 1~10:0 of mass ratio~4:0~4:0.2~5 composition;The condition of culture be culture medium moisture 55~
75%, cultivation temperature is 28~40 DEG C, and the time is 18~96h;The drying inlet temperature is 40~65 DEG C, outlet temperature 30
~45 DEG C, fan delivery is 1.5~5m3/s;Moisture is dried to lower than 12%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of fermenting plant or/and stalk described in step d) and fermentation materials is 5~100:0~95.
Preferably, the bacterial strain is LZ303, is preserved in China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, preservation date
For on December 21st, 2017, classification naming was husky good fortune bacillus, deposit number are as follows: CGMCC No.15111, preservation address:
Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3.
Invention has following advantageous effects:
1. the aquatic products that the present invention can satisfy different water levels can be had, the present invention will not influence the dissolved oxygen in water body, can
To accelerate the growth of aquatic products.
2. the content that nutriment in fodder grass can be improved in the present invention.
3. the present invention is granulated, than being compared using the plant of fermentation or/and stalk merely, granulating rate is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Phylogenetic tree of the Fig. 1 based on 16S rRMA sequence.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific example.
Embodiment 1
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, containing fermentation rye grass, the density of biological fodder grass is 0.95~1.05g/cm3.
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, follows the steps below:
1) preparation fermentation basestocks: rye grass is prepared to get fermentation basestocks;Sugar content in the fermentation basestocks
It is 3%, water content 60%.
2) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, in certain condition
Lower fermentation is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;The beneficial microbe is lactobacillus plantarum plant subspecies, is purchased in Chinese work
Industry Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number are CICC 22703;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism
It is 990:9:1 according to mass ratio, fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 0.3%, and temperature is 35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20 days.
3) it prepares biological fodder grass: fermentation is planted after rye grass is crushed, is granulated to get biological fodder grass.
Embodiment 2
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, containing rye grass, the density of biological fodder grass is 0.95~1.05g/cm3.
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, which is characterized in that follow the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: rye grass is configured to get fermentation basestocks;Sugar content in the fermentation basestocks
It is 3%, water content 60%.
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, in certain condition
Lower fermentation is to get fermentation rye grass;The beneficial microbe is lactobacillus plantarum plant subspecies, is purchased in Chinese industrial microorganism
Culture presevation administrative center, deposit number are CICC 22703;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism shine mass ratio
It is 990:9:1, fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 0.3%, and temperature is 35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20 days.
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;The bacterial strain is bacillus;The culture medium is by manioc waste, mealy potato, furfural dregs and calcium carbonate according to mass ratio
The composition of 8:1:0.5:0.5;The condition of culture is culture medium moisture 60%, and cultivation temperature is 32 DEG C, time 48h;It is described
Drying inlet temperature is 60 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 40 DEG C, fan delivery 4m3/s;Moisture is dried to lower than 12%.
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biology after broken, granulation
Fodder grass.The mass ratio of the fermentation rye grass and fermentation materials is 80:20.
The bacterial strain is LZ303, is preserved in China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, and the deposit date is 2017
December 21, classification naming are husky good fortune bacillus, deposit number are as follows: CGMCC No.15111, preservation address: court, Beijing
The institute 3 of positive area's North Star West Road 1.
Embodiment 3
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, the corn stover containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/cm3.
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, follows the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are configured to get fermentation basestocks;The fermentation basestocks
Middle sugar content is 3%, water content 60%.
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks and beneficial microbe being mixed, are sent out under certain condition
Ferment is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;The beneficial microbe is lactobacillus plantarum plant subspecies, is purchased micro- in Chinese industrial
Biological inoculum preservation administrative center, deposit number are CICC 22703;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism shine matter
Measuring ratio is 999:1, and fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 0.3%, and temperature is 35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20 days.
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;The bacterial strain is bacillus;The culture medium is by manioc waste, mealy potato, furfural dregs and calcium carbonate according to mass ratio
The composition of 8:1:0.5:0.5;The condition of culture is culture medium moisture 60%, and cultivation temperature is 32 DEG C, time 48h;It is described
Drying inlet temperature is 60 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 40 DEG C, fan delivery 4m3/s;Moisture is dried to lower than 12%.
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biology after broken, granulation
Fodder grass.The mass ratio of the fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials is 80:20.
The bacterial strain is LZ303, is preserved in China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, and the deposit date is 2017
December 21, classification naming are husky good fortune bacillus, deposit number are as follows: CGMCC No.15111, preservation address: court, Beijing
The institute 3 of positive area's North Star West Road 1.
Embodiment 4
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/
cm³。
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, which is characterized in that follow the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are configured to get fermentation basestocks;The fermentation basestocks
Middle sugar content is 2.5%, water content 65%.
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, in certain condition
Lower fermentation is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;The beneficial microbe is yeast, is purchased in Angel Yeast;The fermentation basis
Material, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism are 920:79.5:0.5 according to mass ratio, and fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 1%, temperature 20
DEG C, fermentation time is 35 days.
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;The bacterial strain is bacillus;The culture medium is the composition by manioc waste and calcium carbonate according to mass ratio 9:1;Institute
Stating condition of culture is culture medium moisture 65%, and cultivation temperature is 30 DEG C, time 50h;The drying inlet temperature is 55 DEG C, out
Mouth temperature is 35 DEG C, fan delivery 3m3/s;Moisture is dried to lower than 12%.
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biology after broken, granulation
Fodder grass.The mass ratio of the fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials is 75:25.
The bacterial strain is LZ303, is preserved in China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, and the deposit date is 2017
December 21, classification naming are husky good fortune bacillus, deposit number are as follows: CGMCC No.15111, preservation address: court, Beijing
The institute 3 of positive area's North Star West Road 1.
Embodiment 5
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/
cm³。
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, which is characterized in that follow the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are configured to get fermentation basestocks;The fermentation basestocks
Middle sugar content is 4%, water content 68%.
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, in certain condition
Lower fermentation is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;The beneficial microbe is yeast and lactobacillus plantarum, is purchased respectively in Angel
Yeast and Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number are CICC 21790;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and
Beneficial microorganism is 967:30:3 according to mass ratio, and fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 2%, and temperature is 38 DEG C, fermentation time 18
It.
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;The bacterial strain is bacillus;The culture medium is by manioc waste, mealy potato and calcium carbonate according to mass ratio 7:1:2
Composition;The condition of culture is culture medium moisture 70%, and cultivation temperature is 35 DEG C, and the time is for 24 hours;The drying inlet temperature
It is 50 DEG C, outlet temperature is 36 DEG C, fan delivery 5m3/s;Moisture is dried to lower than 10%.
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biology after broken, granulation
Fodder grass.The mass ratio of the fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials is 20:80.
The bacterial strain is bacillus licheniformis and highland bacillus, is purchased in Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection management
Center, deposit number are CICC 24236 and CICC 24238.
Embodiment 6
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/
cm³。
The preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, follows the steps below:
1) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are prepared to get fermentation basestocks;The fermentation basestocks
Middle sugar content is 3.2%, water content 60%.
2) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, in certain condition
Lower fermentation is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;The beneficial microbe is lactobacillus plantarum plant subspecies, is purchased in Chinese work
Industry Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number are CICC 22703;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microorganism
It is 972:5:3 according to mass ratio, fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 0.8%, and temperature is 35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20 days.
Embodiment 7
Aquaculture organisms fodder grass, plant or/and stalk containing fermentation, the density of biological fodder grass are 0.95~1.05g/
cm³。
Beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below with reference to experimental data:
Experiment one
1, material to be tested is tested
1 materials and methods:
1.1 test sites: Yantai analysis center, university;
1.2 experiment detections: chemical component (in terms of dry matter), dry matter digestibility can digest organic nutrient substance ratio (with dry
Substance meter);
1.3 materials to be tested: green rye dries rye grass, the fermentation rye grass prepared according to embodiment 1 and comparison 1(according to special
The rye grass of 2018101323732 preparation of benefit number)
In addition to detection substance is different, other detection modes are consistent for this experiment
2 results and analysis
Chemical component (in terms of dry matter), dry matter digestibility can digest organic nutrient substance ratio (in terms of dry matter) data,
It is shown in Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the fodder grass prepared using the embodiment of the present invention 1, compared with hay and fresh grass through drying in terms of nutrition
The comparison 1 of ferment is high again afterwards, although can be slightly lower compared with fresh grass, fresh grass simultaneously be not easy to store, therefore is not used in substantially and cooks fodder grass
Experiment two
1, material to be tested is tested
1 materials and methods:
1.1 test sites: Yantai farm;
1.2 experiment detections: distribution situation in water;
1.3 materials to be tested: the fodder grass of dry rye grass preparation, the fodder grass prepared according to embodiment 2 and comparison 1(are according to patent
The fodder grasses of numbers 2018101323732 preparations);
1.4 experimental methods: by fodder grass prepared by dry rye grass, the fodder grass prepared according to embodiment 2 and comparison 1(according to special
The fodder grass of 2018101323732 preparation of benefit number) it is lost in the bucket for filling 10L water respectively, it is lost in each bucket into experiment product weight
The case where amount is 0.2kg, and stirring is allowed to scatter, and trial target is observed after 20min
In addition to Test Materials are different, other detection modes are consistent for this experiment
Testing result is shown in Table 2
Thus experiment does not need the habit for breaking them as it can be seen that the present invention can satisfy the life habit of each layer aquatic products
Easily have food
Experiment three
1, material to be tested is tested
1 materials and methods:
1.1 test sites: Yantai farm;
1.2 experiment detections: granulating rate (0.85mm~2.80mm);
1.3 materials to be tested: fodder grass particle is prepared with dry rye grass, prepares fodder grass particle according to 1 preparation method of embodiment, right
Fodder grass particle is prepared according to the method for the patent No. 2018101323732 than 1() and 2(is compared in addition to fermentation materials are not added,
Its preparation method and embodiment 2 are consistent);
1.4 experimental methods: it is granulated through pelletizer
In addition to Test Materials are different, other modes of operation are consistent for this experiment
Granulating rate the results are shown in Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the granulating rate of fodder grass can be improved in the present invention, improves yield.
Claims (10)
1. aquaculture organisms fodder grass contains fermenting plant or/and stalk, which is characterized in that the density of biological fodder grass is
0.95~1.05g/cm3.
2. aquaculture organisms fodder grass as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include fermentation materials.
3. aquaculture organisms fodder grass as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that contain manioc waste in the fermentation materials.
4. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, which is characterized in that follow the steps below:
1) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are prepared to get fermentation basestocks;
2) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, sent out under certain condition
Ferment is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk.
5. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass, which is characterized in that follow the steps below:
Prepare fermenting plant or/and stalk
A) preparation fermentation basestocks: plant or/and stalk are configured to get fermentation basestocks;
B) fermenting plant or/and stalk are prepared: fermentation basestocks, nitrogenous fertilizer and beneficial microbe being mixed, sent out under certain condition
Ferment is to get fermenting plant or/and stalk;
Prepare biological fodder grass
C) fermentation materials are prepared: by strain inoculated to culture medium, being cultivated, after a certain period of time, are dried to get fermentation
Material;
D) biological fodder grass is prepared: by fermenting plant or/and stalk and fermentation materials to get biological forage grass after broken, granulation
Material.
6. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that step 1) or step
A) sugar content is 1~4% in the fermentation basestocks described in, and water content is 55~75%.
7. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that step 2 or step
B) beneficial microbe described in is two kinds of one of lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete or arbitrary proportion;The fermentation basestocks, nitrogen
Fertilizer and beneficial microorganism are 900~1000:0~100:0.1~20 according to mass ratio, and fermentation condition is that oxygen concentration is 0.1
~3%, temperature is 18~38 DEG C, and fermentation time is 15~50 days.
8. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that bacterial strain described in step c) is
Bacillus;The culture medium is by manioc waste, mealy potato, furfural dregs and calcium carbonate according to 1~10:0 of mass ratio~4:0~4:
0.2~5 composition;The condition of culture be culture medium moisture 55~75%, cultivation temperature be 28~40 DEG C, the time be 18~
96h;The drying inlet temperature is 40~65 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 30~45 DEG C, and fan delivery is 1.5~5m3/s;It is dried to
Moisture is lower than 12%.
9. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that ferment and plant described in step d)
The mass ratio of object or/and stalk and fermentation materials is 5~100:0~95.
10. the preparation method of aquaculture organisms fodder grass as described in claim 4 to 9 any one, which is characterized in that institute
Stating bacterial strain is LZ303, is preserved in China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, the deposit date is on December 21st, 2017,
Classification naming is husky good fortune bacillus, deposit number are as follows: CGMCC No.15111, preservation address: Chaoyang District, Beijing City North Star west
The institute 3 of road 1.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20190528 |