CN109699813A - It is a kind of to improve the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for fattening meat quality and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
It is a kind of to improve the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for fattening meat quality and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for improving fattening meat quality and its preparation method and applications.The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet is according to the growth needs of fattening pig, scientific compatibility is carried out using conventional high-quality feed raw material, and more bacterium mixed solid fermentations are carried out to complete diet pellet by aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria and are obtained, have the advantages that few antigenic content, miscellaneous bacteria and content of toxins are low, palatability is good, digestive utilization ratio is high.The present invention also provides the preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet, easy to operate, required fermentation time is short, finished product store method is simple, the holding time is long, largely reduces production process human cost.The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet is particularly well suited to kill in last stage fattening swine rearing, the feed addictives such as enzyme preparation, acidulant need not additionally be added, service life is short, good feeding effect, meat can be significantly improved, input-output ratio is high, has significant Social Ecology meaning and the wide market space.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of feed, in particular to a kind of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for improving fattening meat quality and
Its preparation method and application.
Background technique
In recent years, country pays much attention to Ecological Civilization Construction, encourages grinding for efficient, the safe and healthy cultural technique of market pig
Hair and application.Meanwhile demand of the common people to safe and high quality pork product is also growing.It is with green, efficient, safe, high-quality
Target direction, research and development digestive utilization ratio is high, heavy metal and other fecaluria pollutant emissions are few, antibiotic-free and heavy-metal residual,
The hot spot that the high pannage preparation technique of meat quality is paid close attention at pig nutrient research and pig production industry.Microbial fermentation energy
Enough that part macro-molecular protein in feed is decomposed to form high-quality small protein or polypeptide, anti-nutritional factors of degrading is raw
At microbial metabolic products such as short chain fatty acids and high-quality mycoprotein is provided, while generating the fragranced object with phagostimulating effect
Matter.Fermentative feedstuff of microbe may have the effect for the pork pig growth and meat that have some improvement, and also therefore increasingly receive pig raising
The concern of the producer, but its preparation there are still problems with application technology: (1) produce in mostly with unconventional feed (such as
Rapeseed meal, cotton dregs, mulberry leaf, paper mulberry etc. contain higher anti-nutritional factors) it ferments as substrate, main purpose is on the one hand
It is the deficiency for making up China's feed resource especially protein feed, is on the other hand by fermentative degradation anti-nutritional factors and to mention
For certain viable bacteria and mycoprotein.However, often resulting in the trophic component of mixed feed (especially using the unconventional raw material that ferments
Protein content) the practical nutritional need of China bacon hogs instantly is not achieved, limit the performance of fattening pig productive potentialities.(2)
Report that fermented feed product storage life is short, easy mildew, and fermentation raw material is easy during mixing with non-fermentation raw material
The problems such as existing microbiological contamination, incomplete mixing, it is unfavorable for being widely applied in actual production.(3) fermented feed is raised in raising whole-process application
Production cost, input-output ratio are low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is that providing a kind of improvement fattening pork
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of quality.Firstly, the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet is according to (2~4 weeks) stage fattening pig nutrition before government official
Need the component design (referring to NRC pig nutritional need 2012 editions), the preferably conventional high-quality feed raw material such as corn, dregs of beans, soybean skin
Compatibility is carried out, gained feed meets the growth needs of the stage pig, and with antigenic content is few, endotoxin contamination is low, digestibility and utilization
The high feature of rate.Secondly, the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet does not add the heavy metals such as antibiotic or copper, zinc, arsenic, safe green.
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet is applied in fattening swine rearing, improves Growth of Pigs performance and meat quality safety.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparations of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality
Method.It is solid that preferably there is the preparation method aerobic bacteria of probiotic properties and anaerobic bacteria compatibility to carry out more bacterium mixing to complete diet pellet
State fermentation, having fermentation time short (summer 3 days, fermentation can be completed within winter 5 days), fermented quality, good (feed nutrition quality obtains
To promotion, no living contaminants), the holding time long (being can be reserved at room temperature up to more than half a year), feed conveniently that (100% substitution is conventional
Feed reduces the risk that additional spice process introduces miscellaneous bacteria) etc. advantages.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality.
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet 2~4 week stage before government official uses, and service life is short, good feeding effect, and input-output ratio is high.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet improving fattening meat quality, using pig complete diet pellet as fermentation substrate, utilization is compound
Bacterium carries out solid state fermentation with complete diet pellet to the pig and obtains；The compound bacteria includes lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and saccharomycete.
The pig is preferably used for the pig complete diet pellet in fattening later period with complete diet pellet；It further preferably include following weight
The component of percentage: corn 60~70%, dehulled soybean meal 10~14%, soybean skin 10~18%, L lysine HCL 0~
0.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, molasses 1~3%, mountain flour 0~1.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0~2%, salt 0~1.5%, compound dimension life
Element and mineral substance premix 1%；It more preferably include the component of following weight percent: corn 65%, dehulled soybean meal (crude protein
Content 46%) 12.5%, soybean skin 14.5%, L lysine HCL 0.2%, soya-bean oil 2%, molasses 2%, mountain flour 0.85%,
Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1%, salt 0.95%, multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix 1%.
The multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix provide for every kilogram of feed: iron 115mg, copper 9mg, zinc 112mg, manganese
32mg, iodine 0.25mg, selenium 0.2mg, vitamin A 7000IU, vitamine D3 1000IU, vitamin E 15mg, Vitamin K3
2.0mg, vitamin B1 2.0mg, vitamin B2 5.0mg, vitamin B6 3.5mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg, niacin 20mg,
Calcium pantothenate 10mg, folic acid 1.0mg, biotin 0.2mg, gram oxygen 140mg, remaining is carrier；The carrier is preferably zeolite powder.
The time of the solid state fermentation is preferably 3~5 days, for example, summer 3 days, winter 5 days.
The lactobacillus reuteri is preferably lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) LR1, by applicant
It is isolated from healthy animal enteron aisle, it is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, is protected
Hiding number is CGMCC No.11154, at patent " one plant of L. reuteri strain and its application with prebiotic characteristics "
It is disclosed in (patent No.: ZL 201510751130.3).
The bacillus subtilis is preferably bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) GIM1.372.
The saccharomycete is preferably saccharomycete (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CCTCC No.Y200007.
The viable bacteria concentration of lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete is respectively preferably in the compound bacteria liquid
1×107~5 × 108CFU/mL、1×107~1 × 108CFU/mL and 5 × 107~5 × 108CFU/mL；It is further preferred respectively
It is 1.8 × 108CFU/mL、2×107CFU/mL and 1.5 × 108CFU/mL。
The preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality, includes the following steps:
(1) pig complete diet pellet is prepared
Obtain pig complete diet pellet, as fermentation base-material after each component being mixed well by formula ratio；
(2) zymocyte liquid is prepared
Nutrient solution is added by required deal in activated lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and yeast seeds
In, it is uniformly mixed and obtains zymocyte liquid；
(3) zymocyte liquid described in step (2) is uniformly sprayed into fermentation base-material described in step (1), by the base-material that ferments
It is sufficiently mixed base-material after being inoculated with zymocyte liquid, then base-material after inoculation is sealed in breathing bag and is placed on 32~37 DEG C
Solid state fermentation is carried out in environment 3~5 days to get the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet finished product is arrived.
The concrete operations that pig complete diet pellet is prepared described in step (1) are preferred are as follows:
1. preparing multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix
The vitamin and mineral raw material of precise recipe requirements, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain vitamin with Component Vectors respectively and mixes
Vitamin intermixture and minerals intermixture, are then sufficiently mixed by agent and minerals intermixture, are eventually adding remaining carrier, fill
Divide after mixing and obtains multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix；
2. preparing cooperation complete diet pellet
Corn, dehulled soybean meal and soybean skin without moldy metamorphism free from extraneous odour are selected, pulverizes and sieves, weighs recipe requirements deal
After mix, L lysine HCL is then added, soya-bean oil, molasses, mountain flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt and step 2. obtain it is described
Multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix, mix well to obtain the final product.
Nutrient solution described in step (2) includes the component of following mass percent: 2% sucrose, 0.3%K2HPO4With
0.2%KH2PO4。
The temperature of nutrient solution described in step (2) is preferably 30 ± 1 DEG C.
The proportion of fermentation base-material and zymocyte liquid described in step (3) is preferably fermentation base-material addition 350~450 per ton
Rise zymocyte liquid；Further preferably add 420 liters of zymocyte liquids.
Base-material after the inoculation is preferably fitted into breathing bag by the concrete operations of sealing described in step (3), immediately
Breathing bag is sealed with sealing machine, obtains fermentation complete diet pellet packet.
The application of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality, applied to the feeding for killing last stage fattening pig
In supporting；It is preferably applied in the fattening swine rearing for killing preceding 2~4 week stage, it can be achieved that improving Growth of Pigs performance, protein sinks
Product, the purpose of meat quality safety.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
(1) present invention ferments to complete diet pellet, preparation method is easy to operate, required fermentation time it is short (summer 3 days, the winter
Fermentation can be completed in 5 days seasons), the finished product holding time is long, store method is simple, largely reduce production process human cost.
(2) fermentation full price preparation method for material of the invention be obviously improved feed nutrition quality (including improve feed protein
With hydrolysis amino acid it is horizontal, reduce pH, degradation crude fibre etc., referring to 1 data of embodiment), while saving enzyme preparation, acidulant etc.
The use of feed addictive improves food utilization efficiency (referring to 4 data of embodiment), and input-output ratio is high.
(3) fermentation complete diet pellet of the invention is applied to kill in last stage fattening swine rearing, has feeding time short by (2~4
Week), good feeding effect (meat being significantly improved, referring to 3 data of embodiment) the advantages of.
In short, the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet and its preparation method and application provided by the present invention for improving fattening meat quality
Meet China live pig development green, efficiently, safety, good demand and target, there is significant Social Ecology meaning and wide
The market space.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can be to skill of the present invention
The details and form of art scheme are modified or are replaced, but these modifications and replacement are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation of 1 solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of embodiment and its influence to fattening pig complete diet pellet nutritional quality
The base-material of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of the present embodiment includes following weight percent
Component: corn 65%, dehulled soybean meal (crude protein content 46%) 12.5%, soybean skin 14.5%, L lysine HCL
0.2%, soya-bean oil 2%, molasses 2%, mountain flour 0.85%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1%, salt 0.95%, multi-vitamins and minerals are pre-
Mixing 1%.The Major Nutrient index of base-material is as follows in the present embodiment: digestible energy 3345.61kcal/kg；Thick protein,
12.61%；Calcium, 0.68%；Total phosphorus, 0.55%；Available phosphorus, 0.30%；Lysine, 0.69%；Methionine, 0.21%；Egg ammonia
Acid+cystine, 0.54%；Threonine, 0.49%；Tryptophan, 0.15%.
Further, the multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix provide for every kilogram of base-material: iron 115mg, copper 9mg,
Zinc 112mg, manganese 32mg, iodine 0.25mg, selenium 0.2mg, vitamin A 7000IU, vitamine D3 1000IU, vitamin E 15mg,
Vitamin K3 2.0mg, vitamin B1 2.0mg, vitamin B2 5.0mg, vitamin B6 3.5mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg,
Niacin 20mg, calcium pantothenate 10mg, folic acid 1.0mg, biotin 0.2mg, gram oxygen 140mg, remaining is carrier (zeolite powder).
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality is inoculated with 420 liters of zymocyte liquids by base-material per ton and carries out
More bacterium mixed solid fermentations are made for 3~5 days.
Further, the zymocyte liquid includes lactobacillus reuteri 1.8 × 108CFU/mL, bacillus subtilis 2 ×
107CFU/mL and saccharomycete 1.5 × 108CFU/mL。
The lactobacillus reuteri is lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) LR1, by applicant from strong
It is isolated in health animal intestinal tract, it is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preservation is compiled
It number is CGMCC No.11154, preparation method can refer to described in granted patent ZL201510751130.3.The withered grass
Bacillus is preferably that bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) GIM1.372 (is protected purchased from Guangdong Province microorganism fungus kind
Hiding center).Described saccharomycete (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) the CCTCC No.Y200007 has been disclosed in applicant
Publish thesis in [doi:10.1016/S2095-3119 (16) 61581-2], the bacterial strain by the preservation of inventor unit one belongs to,
Store method can refer to described in aforementioned paper.
The preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality, includes the following steps:
(1) multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix are prepared
The vitamin and mineral raw material of precise recipe requirements is mixed with Component Vectors (zeolite powder), then respectively
Vitamin and mineral intermixture is sufficiently mixed, remaining carrier is eventually adding, obtains multi-vitamins and mine after mixing well
Substance premix；
(2) preparation cooperation complete diet pellet
Corn, dehulled soybean meal and soybean skin without moldy metamorphism free from extraneous odour are selected, pulverizes and sieves, weighs recipe requirements deal
After mix, sequentially add compound described in L lysine HCL, soya-bean oil, molasses, mountain flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt and step (1)
Vitamin and mineral premix obtains cooperation complete diet pellet after mixing well, spare as fermentation base-material.
(3) zymocyte liquid is prepared
Nutrient solution is added by required deal in activated lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and yeast seeds
(contain 2% sucrose, 0.3%K2HPO4And 0.2%KH2PO4, solvent is water) in, it is uniformly mixed and obtains zymocyte liquid.
(4) base-material ferments
420 liters of step (3) zymocyte liquids are uniformly sprayed into step per ton (2) described base-material, by fermentation with stirring
Mix machine base-material and zymocyte liquid are sufficiently mixed be inoculated with after base-material, be fitted into breathing bag, immediately with sealing machine to breathing bag
It is sealed and obtains fermentation complete diet pellet packet.Gained fermentation complete diet pellet packet is placed in progress solid state fermentation 3 in 32~37 DEG C of environment
~5 days (summer 3 days, 5 days winters) to get to fermentation complete diet pellet finished product.
Experimental design and method: complete diet pellet (being named as control group) and fermentation complete diet pellet (name in 5 days before acquisition is fermented respectively
For fermentation 5 days), 30 days complete diet pellets of fermentation (being named as fermentation January) and the complete diet pellet of fermentation 180 days (being named as June of fermenting) each 8
Part, measurement diet crude fibre, crude protein, free amino acid level and pH value.Test result is shown in Table 1~2.
Wherein, crude fibre, crude protein respectively refer to the " mistake in National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 6434-2006
" triumphant formula nitriding " in filter method --- semi-automatic operation method ", GB/T 6432-1994 is measured.Amino acid is according to middle Chinese
It " acid-hydrolysis method " in people republic standard GB/T/T 18246-2000, is measured, sulfur-containing amino acid is according to the Chinese people
" ion-exchange chromatography " measurement in republic's standard GB/T/T 15399-94.
PH value measuring method: taking 3 grams of samples to be dissolved in 30mL distilled water, and 6000r/min is centrifuged 5min, takes supernatant, uses
PH meter measures its pH value.
Seen from table 1, compared with the control group, fermentation significantly reduces the crude fiber content (P < 0.05) of complete diet pellet, improves thick
Protein content (P < 0.0001) reduces pH value (P < 0.0001)；Fermentation 5 days, January and June three group differences it is not significant.By table
2 as it can be seen that compared with the control group, significantly improves free lysine in diet, threonine, valine, bright in fermentation 5 days, January and June
Propylhomoserin, isoleucine, glutamic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, proline, aspartic acid contain
It measures (whole P < 0.05)；Fermentation 5 days, January and June three group differences it is not significant.
Influence (88% dry matter basis) of 1 solid state fermentation of table to complete diet pellet pH value and chemical constituent
| Index | Control group | Ferment 5d | It ferments January | It ferments June | P value |
| Crude fibre (%) | 6.72±0.52a | 6.29±0.41b | 6.13±0.34b | 6.07±0.65b | <0.05 |
| Crude protein (%) | 12.94±0.08a | 13.77±0.10b | 13.76±0.09b | 13.76±0.14b | <0.0001 |
| PH value | 6.11±0.00a | 4.88±0.03b | 4.52±0.01b | 4.51±0.07b | <0.0001 |
Note: all data are accidentally indicated with average value ± average.
P < 0.05 indicates significant difference；P < 0.01 indicates that difference is extremely significant；P > 0.05 indicates that difference is not significant.Under
Together.
The influence (88% dry matter basis) that 2 solid state fermentation of table forms complete diet pellet free amino acid
| Amino acid (mg/100g) | Control group | Ferment 5d | It ferments January | It ferments June | P value |
| Lysine | 0.87±0.012a | 0.92±0.008b | 0.99±0.013b | 0.98±0.01b | 0.0173 |
| Threonine | 0.22±0.007a | 0.35±0.007b | 0.33±0.06b | 0.34±0.05b | 0.0002 |
| Methionine | 0.086±0.003 | 0.088±0.003 | 0.089±0.002 | 0.087±0.003 | 0.6609 |
| Cystine | 0.16±0.003a | 0.22±0.006b | 0.21±0.005b | 0.21±0.004b | 0.0033 |
| Valine | 0.61±0.011a | 0.67±0.007b | 0.67±0.008b | 0.68±0.007b | 0.0002 |
| Isoleucine | 0.52±0.005a | 0.58±0.006b | 0.59±0.005b | 0.59±0.004b | 0.0002 |
| Leucine | 1.18±0.001a | 1.30±0.013b | 1.31±0.009b | 1.32±0.002b | 0.0005 |
| Glutamic acid | 2.33±0.033a | 2.48±0.029b | 2.46±0.024b | 2.45±0.009b | 0.0148 |
| Glycine | 0.51±0.0064a | 0.66±0.0065b | 0.60±0.009b | 0.62±0.007b | 0.002 |
| Tyrosine | 0.52±0.004 | 0.53±0.006 | 0.49±0.007 | 0.48±0.011 | 0.4273 |
| Serine | 0.62±0.006a | 0.66±0.007b | 0.68±0.009b | 0.68±0.012b | 0.0075 |
| Alanine | 0.73±0.007a | 0.83±0.011b | 0.84±0.005b | 0.84±0.010b | 0.0002 |
| Phenylalanine | 0.61±0.008a | 0.66±0.008b | 0.68±0.004b | 0.66±0.010b | 0.012 |
| Histidine | 0.35±0.004a | 0.38±0.005b | 0.40±0.001b | 0.39±0.012b | 0.0079 |
| Arginine | 0.67±0.012 | 0.65±0.012 | 0.68±0.051 | 0.64±0.009 | 0.2448 |
| Proline | 0.82±0.009a | 0.90±0.007b | 0.92±0.010b | 0.91±0.004b | 0.0007 |
| Aspartic acid | 1.17±0.01a | 1.27±0.02b | 1.31±0.008b | 1.29±0.012b | 0.0028 |
The preparation of 2 solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of embodiment
The base-material of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of the present embodiment includes following weight percent
Component: corn 60%, dehulled soybean meal 12%, soybean skin 16.6%, L lysine HCL 0.5%, soya-bean oil 3%, molasses 3%,
Mountain flour 1.28%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 1.12%, multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix 1%.
Further, the multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix provide for every kilogram of base-material: iron 115mg, copper 9mg,
Zinc 112mg, manganese 32mg, iodine 0.25mg, selenium 0.2mg, vitamin A 7000IU, vitamine D3 1000IU, vitamin E 15mg,
Vitamin K3 2.0mg, vitamin B1 2.0mg, vitamin B2 5.0mg, vitamin B6 3.5mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg,
Niacin 20mg, calcium pantothenate 10mg, folic acid 1.0mg, biotin 0.2mg, gram oxygen 140mg, remaining is carrier (zeolite powder).
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality is inoculated with 420 liters of zymocyte liquids by base-material per ton and carries out
More bacterium mixed solid fermentations are made for 3~5 days.
The zymocyte liquid includes lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) LR1 1 × 107CFU/mL、
Bacillus subtilis GIM1.372 1 × 108CFU/mL and saccharomycete (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CCTCC
No.Y200007 5×108CFU/mL。
Referring to the preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of embodiment 1, fermentation is prepared
Complete diet pellet finished product.
The preparation of 3 solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of embodiment
The base-material of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of the present embodiment includes following weight percent
Component: corn 70%, dehulled soybean meal (crude protein content 46%) 10%, soybean skin 13.92%, L lysine HCL
0.15%, soya-bean oil 1.7%, molasses 1%, mountain flour 0.05%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.98%, salt 1.2%, multi-vitamins and mineral
Matter premix 1%.
Further, the multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix provide for every kilogram of base-material: iron 115mg, copper 9mg,
Zinc 112mg, manganese 32mg, iodine 0.25mg, selenium 0.2mg, vitamin A 7000IU, vitamine D3 1000IU, vitamin E 15mg,
Vitamin K3 2.0mg, vitamin B1 2.0mg, vitamin B2 5.0mg, vitamin B6 3.5mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg,
Niacin 20mg, calcium pantothenate 10mg, folic acid 1.0mg, biotin 0.2mg, gram oxygen 140mg, remaining is carrier (zeolite powder).
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality is inoculated with 420 liters of zymocyte liquids by base-material per ton and carries out
More bacterium mixed solid fermentations are made for 3~5 days.
The zymocyte liquid includes lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) LR1 5 × 108CFU/mL、
Bacillus subtilis GIM1.372 5 × 107CFU/mL and saccharomycete (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CCTCC
No.Y200007 5×107CFU/mL。
Referring to the preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of embodiment 1, fermentation is prepared
Complete diet pellet finished product.
4 fattening pig digestion trial of embodiment
In order to verify the utilization efficiency of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet nutriment of the present invention, the present embodiment devises fattening pig and disappears
Change test, the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for measuring embodiment 1 feeds the digestibility of its nutrient after the preceding fattening pig of government official.
1, experimental design
Select that genetic background is consistent, be in a good state of health, Du that weight is (90 ± 1.3) kg × (long × greatly) miscellaneous public affairs of ternary
It pig 16, is randomly assigned to control group and fermentation group, every group of 8 repetitions, 1 pig of each repetition.Test pig is fixed on metabolic cage
Middle implementation single cage raising.Test is divided into three phases:
(1) it the laundering period: totally 7 days, all feeds embodiment 1 and control complete diet pellet (i.e. full price before the fermentation of embodiment 1 is provided
Material), test pig is freely eaten, drinks water；
(2) pre-feeding period: totally 7 days, embodiment 1 is fed respectively, control complete diet pellet and fermentation complete diet pellet are provided, test pig is certainly
By searching for food, drinking water, feed intake is counted, average daily gain is calculated；
(3) formal test period: totally 7 days, embodiment 1 is fed respectively, (two kinds of complete diet pellet of control complete diet pellet and fermentation are provided
Diet adds the chrome green of 0.25% weight ratio as external source indicator in advance), to observe that excrement Coloring Time is
Standard starts to collect fecaluria, with row with receipts；It tests when the 7th day coloured excrement empties and stops fecaluria collection, termination test.Experimental period
Between by 2% weight feed diet, count feed intake, free water.
2, sample acquires during formal test
(1) 200 grams of each group feed sample is left and taken respectively at the end of in on-test, freeze in -20 DEG C of refrigerators.
(2) total fresh excrement sample on every pig same day is all placed on stainless steel disc and is mixed well, more taken, arrange less according to multiple rows of
The principle taken less, weigh the same day always fresh excrement weight 20%, be put into 65 DEG C of baking ovens after precise and dry 3 days or more, weighing record
First moisture content simultaneously gets damp again 24 hours to constant weight.Excrement drying sample on the seven collected by every pig is uniformly mixed, high speed disintegrator
40 meshes are smashed it through, are packed to be checked.
(3) daily 24 hours the urinated samples of each test pig are accurately collected, record volume is weighed, is collected in containing 50mL
Fixed nitrogen in the collecting vessel of 6mol/L hydrochloric acid is uniformly mixed, after filtered through gauze, the 10% of the same day total urine sample is taken to be stored in -20 DEG C of ice
Case is to be measured.
3, testing index
(1) Feed Sample: measurement thick protein, crude fat, crude fibre, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total
Energy；
(2) excrement sample: measurement thick protein, crude fibre, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total energy；
(3) urine sample: measurement total energy.
(4) above-mentioned (1)~(3) crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, neutral detergent fiber measuring method respectively refer to
National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 6432-1994, GB/T 6433-2006, GB/T6434-2006, GB/T 20806-
2006.Acid detergent fiber is measured according to People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria NY/T 1459-2007 method.Total energy is surveyed
Method is determined referring to international standard ISO9831:1998, is measured using oxygen bomb formula calorimetric instrument.
(5) used calculation formula:
Urine energy=192+31 × 50% can digest urinary nitrogen or 40% total nitrogen
Diet apparent digestive energy (MJ/kg)=(eat total energy MJ-the total fecal energy MJ of discharge)/eat the total amount kg of feed
Diet Apparent metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)=(eat total energy MJ-discharge total fecal energy MJ-energy MJ always urinate in discharge)/eat feeding
The total amount kg of material
Total energy apparent digestibility (%)=(eating the total fecal energy of total energy-discharge)/eats total energy
4, result and analysis
Fattening pig is shown in Table 3 to the digestibility statistical result of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet nutriment.Compared with the control group, it ferments
Total energy of the complete diet pellet on fattening pig, thick protein, crude fibre and neutral detergent fiber digestibility without significant changes (equal P >
0.05), but acid detergent fiber digestibility significantly increases (P=0.04), and ferment complete diet pellet apparent digestive energy and Apparent metabolizable energy
It is all remarkably higher than control complete diet pellet (equal P < 0.05).As it can be seen that solid state fermentation complete diet pellet provided by the present invention is on fattening pig
Digestibility is higher than the complete diet pellet that do not ferment, shows that process for solid state fermentation provided by the present invention has and improves the digestion of fattening pig complete diet pellet
Effect.
Digestibility of 3 fattening pig of table to solid state fermentation complete diet pellet nutriment
| Index | Control group | Fermentation group | P value |
| Total energy digestibility, % | 86.53±1.26 | 87.77±0.43 | 0.38 |
| Thick protein digestibility, % | 97.00±0.26 | 97.54±0.00 | 0.10 |
| Crude fiber digestibility, % | 78.14±4.05 | 80.28±1.84 | 0.64 |
| Neutral detergent fiber digestibility, % | 68.60±3.31 | 71.62±1.50 | 0.43 |
| Acid detergent fiber digestibility, % | 64.34±3.45 | 73.53±0.63 | 0.04 |
| Apparent digestive energy (kcal/kg) | 3253±47.52 | 3379±16.66 | <0.05 |
| Apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) | 3163±46.13 | 3285±17.18 | <0.05 |
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality of the invention of embodiment 5 answering in raising before fattening pig kills
With
In order to verify the application effect that the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of meat quality is fattened in improvement of the invention, by embodiment 1
In obtained fermentation complete diet pellet be applied in the fattening swine rearing of 90~120 kg stage.
Test material and method: select genetic background is consistent, be in a good state of health, weight for (90 ± 2.3) kg Du ×
(long × big) miscellaneous boar of ternary 96, is randomly assigned to before fermenting complete diet pellet (being named as control group) and fermentation complete diet pellet group (life
Entitled fermentation group), every group of 8 repetitions, 3 pigs of each repetition.Two groups feed control complete diet pellet and hair described in embodiment 1 respectively
Ferment complete diet pellet.Test duration 21 days, during which pig free water and feeding.Every day entry feed intake, records weekly body weight gains, meter
Calculate feed-weight ratio.Each repetition chooses weight pig placed in the middle and implements to butcher sampling when off-test, detects meat, specific survey
Method is determined referring to People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria NY/T 821-2004.Test result is shown in Table 4~7.
By table 4 as it can be seen that compared with the control group, fermentation complete diet pellet is to fattening pig average daily gain, daily gain without significant
It influences, but tends to reduce feed-weight ratio (P=0.06).As shown in Table 5, compared with the control group, fermentation complete diet pellet significantly reduces fattening
The thickness of backfat (P=0.03) at the last rib cage of pig improves lean meat percentage ((P=0.006)) and Carcass fat- free lean growth rate ((P=
0.028, table 5).Fermented feed to longissimus dorsi muscle yellowish pink L*, a*, b* value, (do not open up by data is shown to the measurement result of meat
Show) and intramuscular fat content have no significant effect, but significantly reduce kill after 48 hours longissimus dorsi muscle drip losses (P=0.01) and
Longissimus dorsi muscle shearing force (P < 0.01, table 6) after pH value (P < 0.01), and government official.Longissimus dorsi muscle boiling taste test result (table after government official
7) show that fermentation complete diet pellet significantly improves tenderness, flavor, fragranced and meat soup delicate flavour (whole P after fattening pig longissimus dorsi muscle boiling
<0.05).In addition, antibiotic residue is below Monitoring lower-cut range (data are not shown), nonreactive in control group and fermentation group pork
Raw element residual.
To sum up, feeding fermentation complete diet pellet of the invention in government official's last stage can be by promoting proteins deposited, reduction body fat to sink
Product significantly improves fattening pig carcass composition, while significantly improving meat quality, and produced pork meets the market demand of high-quality and safety.
Influence of the 4 solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of table to Growth of Pigs performance
| Index | Control group | Fermentation group | P value |
| Average daily gain (kg/d, 88% dry matter basis) | 3.34±0.12 | 3.06±0.11 | 0.14 |
| Average daily gain (kg/d) | 0.84±0.03 | 0.86±0.03 | 0.70 |
| Feed-weight ratio | 4.05±0.15 | 3.65±0.08 | 0.06 |
Influence of the fermentation complete diet pellet of table 5 to fattening pig carcass composition
Influence of the fermentation complete diet pellet of table 6 to fattening pig longissimus dorsi muscle meat
| Index | Control group | Fermentation group | P value |
| Intramuscular fat content (%) | 1.22±0.11 | 1.51±0.26 | 0.21 |
| Drip loss (%) for 24 hours after government official | 2.55±0.15 | 2.43±0.07 | 0.46 |
| 48h drip loss (%) after government official | 3.85±0.14 | 3.08±0.23 | 0.01 |
| Shearing force (N) | 66.78±4.50 | 49.96±3.10 | <0.01 |
| 45min pH value after government official | 5.94±0.11 | 6.07±0.06 | 0.36 |
| PH value for 24 hours after government official | 5.51±0.03 | 5.53±0.03 | 0.92 |
| 48h pH value after government official | 5.61±0.03 | 5.51±0.03 | <0.01 |
Influence (boiling taste test) of the fermentation complete diet pellet of table 7 to longissimus dorsi muscle meat organoleptic indicator
| Index | Control group | Fermentation group | P value |
| Succulence (1-8 points represent extremely dry-pole succulence) | 4.52±0.10 | 4.48±0.13 | 0.7 |
| Tenderness (1-8 point represent extremely difficult-easily pass through teeth chewing) | 4.26±0.22 | 4.73±0.11 | 0.04 |
| Flavor (1-8 points represent extremely weak-extremely strong, the sense of taste) | 4.72±0.07 | 4.96±0.10 | 0.06 |
| Fragranced (1-8 points represent extremely weak-extremely strong, smell) | 4.79±0.07 | 5.18±0.10 | 0.01 |
| Peculiar smell (1-8 point represent extremely strong-extremely weak) | 5.13±0.07 | 5.27±0.17 | 0.27 |
| Meat soup delicate flavour (1-8 points of representatives are extremely weak-extremely strong) | 4.85±0.07 | 5.31±0.10 | 0.04 |
| Yellowish pink (1-8 points represent very poor-fabulous) | 4.89±0.09 | 5.15±0.1 | 0.47 |
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solid state fermentation complete diet pellet for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
Using pig complete diet pellet as fermentation substrate, solid state fermentation is carried out with complete diet pellet to the pig using compound bacteria and is obtained；It is described
Compound bacteria include lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete.
2. the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 1 for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
The pig complete diet pellet is the pig complete diet pellet for fattening the later period；
The time of the solid state fermentation is 3~5 days.
3. the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 1 for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
The pig with complete diet pellet include following components in percentage by weight: corn 60~70%, dehulled soybean meal 10~14%, greatly
Skin of beancurd 10~18%, L lysine HCL 0~0.5%, soya-bean oil 1~3%, molasses 1~3%, mountain flour 0~1.5%, phosphoric acid hydrogen
Calcium 0~2%, salt 0~1.5%, multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix 1%；
The lactobacillus reuteri is lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) LR1, deposit number CGMCC
No.11154；
The bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) GIM1.372；
The saccharomycete is saccharomycete (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CCTCC No.Y200007.
4. the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 1 for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
Component of the pig with complete diet pellet comprising following weight percent: corn 65%, the peeling that crude protein content is 46%
Dregs of beans 12.5%, soybean skin 14.5%, L lysine HCL 0.2%, soya-bean oil 2%, molasses 2%, mountain flour 0.85%, phosphoric acid hydrogen
Calcium 1%, salt 0.95%, multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix 1%；
The viable bacteria concentration of the lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete is respectively 1 × 107~5 × 108CFU/
mL、1×107~1 × 108CFU/mL and 5 × 107~5 × 108CFU/mL。
5. the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 3 for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
The multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix provide for every kilogram of feed: iron 115mg, copper 9mg, zinc 112mg, manganese
32mg, iodine 0.25mg, selenium 0.2mg, vitamin A 7000IU, vitamine D3 1000IU, vitamin E 15mg, Vitamin K3
2.0mg, vitamin B1 2.0mg, vitamin B2 5.0mg, vitamin B6 3.5mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg, niacin 20mg,
Calcium pantothenate 10mg, folic acid 1.0mg, biotin 0.2mg, gram oxygen 140mg, remaining is carrier；
The viable bacteria concentration of the lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycete is respectively 1.8 × 108CFU/mL、2×
107CFU/mL and 1.5 × 108CFU/mL。
6. the preparation method of the described in any item solid state fermentation complete diet pellets for improving fattening meat quality of Claims 1 to 5, special
Sign is, includes the following steps:
(1) pig complete diet pellet is prepared
Obtain pig complete diet pellet, as fermentation base-material after each component being mixed well by formula ratio；
(2) zymocyte liquid is prepared
Activated lactobacillus reuteri, bacillus subtilis and yeast seeds are added in nutrient solution by required deal, are mixed
It closes and uniformly obtains zymocyte liquid；
(3) zymocyte liquid described in step (2) is uniformly sprayed into fermentation base-material described in step (1), by fermentation base-material and hair
Yeast-like fungi liquid is sufficiently mixed be inoculated with after base-material, base-material after inoculation is sealed in breathing bag be placed in 32~37 DEG C of environment into
Row solid state fermentation 3~5 days is to get arriving the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet finished product.
7. the preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 6 for improving fattening meat quality, feature exist
In the concrete operations of preparation pig complete diet pellet described in step (1) are as follows:
1. preparing multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix
The vitamin and mineral raw material of precise recipe requirements, be uniformly mixed so as to obtain respectively with Component Vectors vitamin intermixture and
Then vitamin intermixture and minerals intermixture are sufficiently mixed by minerals intermixture, be eventually adding remaining carrier, sufficiently mixed
Multi-vitamins and mineral substance premix are obtained after even；
2. preparing cooperation complete diet pellet
Corn, dehulled soybean meal and soybean skin without moldy metamorphism free from extraneous odour are selected, is pulverized and sieved, is mixed after weighing recipe requirements deal
Even, then 2. addition L lysine HCL, soya-bean oil, molasses, mountain flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt and step obtain described compound
Vitamin and mineral premix, mixes well to obtain the final product；
The proportion of fermentation base-material and zymocyte liquid described in step (3) is that fermentation base-material per ton adds 350~450 liters of zymophytes
Liquid.
8. the preparation method of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 6 for improving fattening meat quality, feature exist
In:
Nutrient solution described in step (2) includes the component of following mass percent: 2% sucrose, 0.3%K2HPO4With 0.2%
KH2PO4；
The temperature of nutrient solution described in step (2) is 30 ± 1 DEG C；
The proportion of fermentation base-material and zymocyte liquid described in step (3) is that fermentation base-material per ton adds 420 liters of zymocyte liquids.
9. the application of the described in any item solid state fermentation complete diet pellets for improving fattening meat quality of Claims 1 to 5, feature exist
In:
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality is applied to kill in last stage fattening swine rearing.
10. the application of the solid state fermentation complete diet pellet according to claim 9 for improving fattening meat quality, it is characterised in that:
The solid state fermentation complete diet pellet of the improvement fattening meat quality is applied in the fattening swine rearing for killing preceding 2~4 week stage.
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