CN109804914B - Pinellia ternata soilless floating seedling culture method - Google Patents
Pinellia ternata soilless floating seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop seedling production, and discloses a pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method which comprises the steps of pinellia ternate seed selection, bulb disinfection, floating seedling raising, seedling stage management, seedling period management, seedling hardening and transplanting to complete pinellia ternate floating seedling. The method solves the problems that the existing pinellia ternate seedling culture method can not be separated from the constraint of soil and the adverse factors of external natural conditions, and the damage of diseases, insects and weeds carried by the soil easily causes the diseases and insect pests of the pinellia ternate, the root system is not developed, the uniformity is low, the stress resistance is poor, the seedling return after transplanting is slow, the survival rate is low, and the economic benefit is not obvious; the 0.1 percent potassium permanganate disinfection can avoid the defects of disinfection by chemical agents such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil and the like of predecessors, on one hand, the chemical agent disinfection brings pesticide residues, and in addition, certain influence on germination of pinellia ternata can be caused, but potassium permanganate is used as a strong oxidant, has no influence on the germination of crops under low concentration, and cannot generate any influence on the quality of semi-summers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop seedling production, and particularly relates to a pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
pinellia ternate is the tuber of Breit (Thunb.) of Pinellia temate of Pinellia of Araceae, has the effects of eliminating dampness and phlegm, lowering adverse qi and preventing vomiting, has the function of eliminating furuncle and swelling when used, and is a traditional large common Chinese medicinal material in China. With the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, the market demand of pinellia ternata is increasing and the price is rising continuously in recent years, and planting pinellia ternata becomes an important new way for real estate. With the increase of medicinal and export demand of pinellia ternata, the wild resource of the pinellia ternata hardly meets the market demand. At present, the artificial cultivation of pinellia ternate is developed in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Henan, Anhui, Hebei, Gansu, Shanxi provinces and other provinces. The soft rot of pinellia ternata in the artificial large-scale cultivation process has the greatest threat to the pinellia ternata, the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternata are seriously threatened, and when the disease rapidly occurs, tubers are soft rot and ulcerate, and then water stain-like symptoms occur on leaves and petioles, accompanied by fishy smell, and finally the whole plant is dead. The disease is mostly generated in high-temperature and wet seasons, plants can not be cured once being ill, and can spread rapidly along with soil, water flow and insects, and when serious, the whole cultivation area is dead, even the land is abandoned. There are reports that soft rot occurs during the process of pinellia ternata planting, what summer wave, picrorhiza, cheiman and the like (isolation and identification of bacterial soft rot pathogenic bacteria of pinellia ternata [ J ]. plant pathologist, 2007,37(4):337 and 342.) report that Pectobacterium carotovorum subspecies carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Huangxu (isolation and identification of soft-rot pathogen of pinellia ternate and pathogenicity research [ D ] China agricultural university 2012.) research proves that Pectobacterium carotovorum, subsp. carotovorum, and Klebsiella oxytoca (Klebsiella oxytoca) cause soft-rot disease of pinellia ternate in Hubei province.
The soilless floating seedling raising is a seedling raising method that a plug tray filled with a light seedling raising matrix floats on the water surface of nutrient solution, seeds are sown or seedlings are transplanted into a floating sponge mat, the seedlings are rooted and grow in the sponge, and water and nutrients can be absorbed from the nutrients. Compared with the traditional seedling culture method, the method has the advantages of reducing labor for watering, facilitating management, reducing pesticide residue and heavy metal content, being beneficial to culturing strong seedlings, improving the seedling rate and the like. The uniformity of plant growth can be guaranteed, the problem of soil diseases, insect pests and weeds caused by the traditional cultivation mode is avoided, the management and protection cost is greatly reduced, and the seedling raising efficiency is improved. At present, the floating seedling raising technology is applied to the tobacco, cotton and the like of economic crops.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
the high-efficiency seedling raising technology of the pinellia ternata is the most important link in the whole industrial chain of the pinellia ternata.
(1) However, the traditional seedling raising technology is greatly influenced by climate and environment, is easily influenced by plant diseases and insect pests, and is very unfavorable for the large-scale green sustainable development of the pinellia ternata industry because seedlings are in top harvest once stem rot and soft rot happen.
(2) The existing pinellia ternate seedling raising method cannot be separated from the constraint of soil and adverse factors of external natural conditions, and the problems of diseases and insect pests of pinellia ternate, undeveloped root system, low uniformity, poor stress resistance, slow seedling return after transplantation, low survival rate and unobvious economic benefit are easily caused due to the harm of diseases, insects and weeds carried by the soil.
(3) The prior art causes dry hole easily, and predecessor mostly uses plastic foam floating plate as floating plate, and it does not absorb water, does not preserve water, and matrix moisture is not enough when sabot, and the matrix has been put after the dress and has just been sowed floating plate for a period of time, and the matrix is loaded loosely, causes to spill from floating plate bottom hole with floating plate in putting floating the pond matrix, and the matrix forms the fault in the hole, causes moisture can not normally absorb moisture to the surface to emergence of seedlings has been influenced.
(3) The existing seedling raising technology is mainly carried out in a field by means of greenhouse facilities, the operability of unit area is poor, the space expansion cannot be realized, and the seedling breeding coefficient is low.
(4) The prior art relates to various culture media which are complex in formula, not beneficial to being mastered by ordinary people and high in operation difficulty (5) and easily generate cold damage in the prior art. Because the temperature is unstable, sometimes continuous cold flow occurs, the temperature of the greenhouse drops suddenly, so that the seedling is subjected to cold injury, and after the cold injury occurs, the edge of the leaf rolls inwards or the tongue extends to stop growing.
(6) The prior art is easy to generate heat damage. If the temperature is too high and the film is not torn off timely, the temperature in the greenhouse is continuously higher than 35 ℃, heat damage occurs, and tobacco seedlings become brown and die.
(7) The prior art is easy to generate salt damage. High temperature, low humidity and excessive air movement all promote substantial evaporation of moisture from the substrate surface, resulting in salt accumulation in the fertilizer above the seedling holes.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) in pinellia ternata producing areas, floating seedling raising methods are not considered at present, and most of pinellia ternata are directly sown and harvested by the sky
(2) How to realize timely and effective control of temperature and humidity is crucial to improving seedling raising efficiency
(3) How to realize effective water retention of the floating plate and provide sufficient moisture for seeds is a key link for the success or failure of seedling culture.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) provides a rapid and convenient pinellia ternata seedling raising method, and reduces the seedling raising time by at least 2-3 months compared with the traditional seedling raising time.
(2) The seedlings are prevented from carrying pathogenic bacteria, and can be directly transplanted after hardening, so that the possibility of disease spreading of the seedlings is reduced.
(3) The industrial seedling culture is realized in a large quantity, the problem of scarcity of pinellia ternate seedlings is solved, and the requirement for rapid development of the pinellia ternate industry can be met.
(4) The whole seedling raising process does not involve the use of pesticides, thereby being beneficial to ensuring the quality of seedlings and protecting the ecological environment.
(5) The seedling can be cultivated at any time without season limitation, and the pinellia ternate material is provided, so that researches such as pinellia ternate related tests and biological observation are met.
The method adopts the pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling raising technology to well solve the problems, improves the seedling rate and the seedling emergence time of the pinellia ternate, improves the quality of the pinellia ternate, shortens the period of seed reproduction and breeding, and has important significance for sustainable and large-scale development of the pinellia ternate industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method.
The invention is realized in such a way that the pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method comprises the following steps:
firstly, pinellia tuber seed selection: after harvesting in 9 months every year, selecting corms with uniform size and no obvious scars or plant diseases and insect pests as seed sources, packaging the corms by a cloth bag, and refrigerating the corms at 1-5 ℃ for later use;
step two, bulb disinfection: soaking pinellia tuber corms in a disinfectant for disinfection, and then washing; airing for later use;
step three, floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling tray with potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, air drying for later use, placing sterilized pinellia tuber corm on a sponge cushion with holes, placing the sponge cushion in the seedling tray filled with nutrient solution, and placing the seedling tray in an illumination incubator for seedling culture;
fourthly, management in a seedling stage: watering once every 3-4 days (to avoid drought caused by longer time), and supplementing nutrient solution once per week by using clean tap water, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 25 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night;
fifthly, managing in the seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, uniformly spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the plants, and continuously spraying for 4 times once every 5-7 days;
sixthly, hardening seedlings: when the plant height of the pinellia ternata reaches 15cm, hardening seedlings;
seventhly, transplanting: transplanting the pinellia ternata plants subjected to seedling hardening in the sixth step to finish floating seedling cultivation of the pinellia ternata.
Further, before the third step of floating seedling culture, the following steps are required:
preparing a nutrient solution: preparing 1 liter of nutrient solution, adding 900mg of calcium nitrate, 80mg of ammonium nitrate, 120mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing for later use.
Further, in the first step, pinellia ternate seed selection: in the second step, the disinfectant is 0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
Further, in the third step, the seedling raising tray is wiped and disinfected by 0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
Further, in the third step, the distance between adjacent holes of the seedling raising plate is 1.5cm, and 70 holes are reserved; the length of the plug tray is 30 cm; the width is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into 500ml each time.
Further, in the fourth step, when the trefoil stage is reached, the plants are uniformly sprayed with 1 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, in the sixth step, the seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the sponge cushion into a plastic greenhouse integrally, picking the pinellia ternata plants, putting the pinellia ternata into a seedling hardening matrix, burying the whole corms into the matrix, ventilating after planting for 3 days, covering at night, and transplanting after 10 days.
Further, in the sixth step, the seedling hardening substrate consists of 35-40% of plant ash, 25-30% of humus soil, 20-30% of perlite and 10-15% of vermiculite in percentage by mass; the water content of the substrate is 40-50% when the disk is loaded.
The invention also aims to provide pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling raising equipment for implementing the pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling raising method.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
the method solves the problems that the existing pinellia ternate seedling raising method cannot be separated from the constraint of soil and the adverse factors of external natural conditions, the damage of diseases, insects and weeds carried by the soil easily causes the diseases and insect pests of the pinellia ternate, the root system is not developed, the uniformity is low, the stress resistance is poor, the seedling return after transplanting is slow, the survival rate is low, and the economic benefit is not obvious.
The 0.1 percent potassium permanganate disinfection can avoid the defects of disinfection by chemical agents such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil and the like of predecessors, on one hand, the chemical agent disinfection brings pesticide residues, and in addition, certain influence on germination of pinellia ternata can be caused, but potassium permanganate is used as a strong oxidant, has no influence on the germination of crops under low concentration, and cannot generate any influence on the quality of semi-summers.
The nutrient solution formula can meet the nutrient requirement of the pinellia ternata in the floating seedling raising period, and the nutrient requirement is high in the period, so that sufficient nutrients can ensure that the pinellia ternata can effectively resist plant diseases and insect pests transplanted into a field in the later period
According to the invention, the daytime is 25 ℃, the night is 20 ℃, the growth vigor of the pinellia ternata is good, and other temperature early-stage experiments show that the growth vigor is not good under the alternate temperature condition.
The monopotassium phosphate can effectively absorb potassium elements and phosphorus elements in the pinellia ternata seedling raising period, ensures that stems are thick and strong, leaves are thick, does not need other fertilizers, reduces the cost and is extremely convenient to operate.
The series of hole trays in the invention can be conveniently operated when watering and fertilizing, problems can be timely extracted when being found, if a plurality of hole trays are planted according to predecessors, the later period management and protection are troublesome, the distance of 1.5cm is obtained through a set contrast test, if the distance exceeds 1.5cm, the number of seedlings is less than 1.5, and the plants are easy to fall and extrude, thereby affecting the quality of the seedlings.
The number in the invention is that the seedlings can be well ensured to be actively adapted to the field environment during the seedling hardening period, and the seedling is close to the pinellia ternata requirement, thereby being beneficial to domestication.
According to the invention, in the floating seedling stage, a soilless mode is completely adopted, the floating seedling of predecessors, such as tobacco, cotton and the like, is the substrate floating seedling, a large amount of substrates are added except nutrient solution added in water of a floating plate, the seedling raising technology is troublesome, consumes large labor, and the substrates are required to be sterilized.
The floating seedling raising process does not use any soil, basically has no diseases, pests and weeds in the whole process, has the average seedling rate of 99 percent, greatly ensures the seedling rate of pinellia ternata seedlings, does not use any pesticide, and provides powerful guarantee for high-quality provenance supply, and pesticide residues and heavy metals reach the standard.
The invention has simple operation, is convenient for centralized management, and saves water source, seedling growing field and labor for watering.
The seedling cultivated by the method has developed root system, the root system of the seedling is attached to the matrix, the root system and the matrix are easily separated from the wall of the seedling small hole during transplanting and pulling out the seedling without damaging the root system, the seedling matrix can provide moisture and nutrients for the seedling after transplanting, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
The invention can provide pinellia ternate seedlings at any time, breaks away from the season limitation and meets the requirements of different areas for developing the pinellia ternate industry.
The invention has high survival rate, fast seedling growth and short whole seedling growing time which only needs 30 days.
The seedling production environment of the invention is artificially controlled and is not damaged by external pests and diseases, and the seedling rate of the seedling bed seedling under the same condition is much lower.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling raising method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of growth vigor of the seedlings by the method and the control provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The high-efficiency seedling raising technology of the pinellia ternata is the most important link in the whole industrial chain of the pinellia ternata. However, the traditional seedling raising technology is greatly influenced by climate and environment and is easily influenced by plant diseases and insect pests, once soft rot occurs, seedlings face the top harvest, and the traditional seedling raising technology is very not beneficial to the large-scale green sustainable development of the pinellia ternata industry.
The existing pinellia ternate seedling raising method cannot be separated from the constraint of soil and adverse factors of external natural conditions, and the problems of diseases and insect pests of pinellia ternate, undeveloped root system, low uniformity, poor stress resistance, slow seedling return after transplantation, low survival rate and unobvious economic benefit are easily caused due to the harm of diseases, insects and weeds carried by the soil.
To solve the above problems, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, pinellia tuber seed selection: and after harvesting in 9 months every year, selecting corms with uniform size and no obvious scars or diseases and insect pests as seed sources, packaging the corms by a cloth bag, and refrigerating the corms at 1-5 ℃ for later use.
S102, bulb disinfection: soaking pinellia tuber corms in a disinfectant for 10 minutes, and then washing the pinellia tuber corms clean by tap water; and (5) drying for later use. The disinfectant is 0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
S103, preparing a nutrient solution: preparing 1 liter of nutrient solution, adding 900mg of calcium nitrate, 80mg of ammonium nitrate, 120mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, and then using the nutrient solution.
S104, floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling tray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, air drying, placing sterilized rhizoma Pinelliae corm on the sponge pad with holes, placing in seedling tray filled with nutrient solution, and placing in illumination incubator at 20-25 deg.C. The content of each component in the nutrient solution is that 1 liter of water solution contains: 900mg of calcium nitrate, 80-90mg of ammonium nitrate, 120mg of monopotassium phosphate, 130mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, the nutrient solution is prepared for use, and the storage period is 48 hours. Seedlings can grow in about 10-12 days.
S105, seedling stage management: watering once every 3 days, supplementing nutrient solution once a week with clean tap water, wherein the seedling temperature is 25 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ at night.
S106, management in the seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, 1 per mill of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for uniformly spraying the plants, and the spraying is carried out for 4 times continuously after 5 days.
S107, hardening seedlings: and (5) hardening seedlings when the plant height of the pinellia ternata reaches about 15 cm. The seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the sponge cushion into a plastic greenhouse integrally, picking the pinellia ternata plants, putting the pinellia ternata into a seedling hardening matrix, burying the whole corms into the matrix, ventilating after planting for 3 days, covering at night, and transplanting after about 10 days.
S108, transplanting: and (5) transplanting the pinellia ternata plants hardened in the step (S107), namely completing the floating seedling of the pinellia ternata.
In step S104, the distance between adjacent holes of the seedling raising plate is 1.5cm in the floating seedling raising, and 70 holes are formed in total; the length of the plug is 30 cm. The width is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into the container by about 500ml each time.
In step S105, watering is carried out once every 3-4 days.
In step S106, 1 ‰ monopotassium phosphate is uniformly sprayed on the plants, or the plants are continuously sprayed for 4 times once every 5-7 days.
The formula of the seedling hardening matrix in the step S107 is as follows: 35-40% of plant ash, 25-30% of humus soil, 20-30% of perlite and 10-15% of vermiculite, wherein the content of the base water is 40-50% when the plant ash is palletized.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pinellia ternata seed selection: and after harvesting pinellia ternata in 2017 in 9 months, selecting corms with uniform sizes and no scars or diseases and insect pests for later use, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
(2) And (3) bulb disinfection: after drying in 2018, 2 months and 10 days, soaking the pinellia tuber corms in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, and then washing the pinellia tuber corms clean by tap water; and (5) drying for later use.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: preparing 1 liter of nutrient solution, adding 900mg of calcium nitrate, 80mg of ammonium nitrate, 120mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, and then using the nutrient solution.
(4) Floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling tray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, air drying, placing sterilized rhizoma Pinelliae corm on porous sponge pad, placing in seedling tray filled with nutrient solution, adding 500ml nutrient solution, and placing in illumination incubator at 20-25 deg.C. Seedlings can grow in about 10-12 days.
(5) Seedling stage management: watering once every 3 days, supplementing nutrient solution once a week with clean tap water, wherein the seedling temperature is 25 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ at night.
(6) Managing in a seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, 1 per mill of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for uniformly spraying the plants for 4 days, and the plants are continuously sprayed for 2 times.
(7) Hardening seedlings: and (5) hardening seedlings when the plant height of the pinellia ternata reaches about 15 cm. The seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the sponge cushion into a plastic greenhouse integrally, picking the pinellia ternata plants, putting the pinellia ternata into a seedling hardening matrix, burying the whole corms into the matrix, ventilating after planting for 3 days, covering at night, and transplanting after about 10 days.
(8) Transplanting: transplanting the pinellia ternata plants hardened in the step (7), namely completing the floating seedling culture of the pinellia ternata.
(9) In the floating seedling raising in the step (4), the distance between adjacent holes of the seedling raising plate is 1.5cm, and 70 holes are formed in total; the length of the plug is 30 cm. The width is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into the container by about 500ml each time.
(10) The formula of the seedling hardening matrix in the step (7) is as follows: 35% of plant ash, 25% of humus soil, 20% of perlite and 10% of vermiculite, and the water content of the substrate is 40% when the substrate is palletized.
Example 2
The pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pinellia ternata seed selection: and after harvesting pinellia ternata in 2017 in 9 months, selecting corms with uniform sizes and no scars or diseases and insect pests for later use, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
(2) And (3) bulb disinfection: cleaning pinellia ternate corms in 2018, 2 months and 10 days, draining, soaking the pinellia ternate corms in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, and then washing with tap water; and (5) drying for later use.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: preparing 1 liter of nutrient solution, adding 1000mg of calcium nitrate, 90mg of ammonium nitrate, 130mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, and then using the nutrient solution.
(4) Floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling tray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, air drying, placing sterilized rhizoma Pinelliae corm on porous sponge pad, placing in seedling tray filled with nutrient solution, adding 500ml nutrient solution, and placing in illumination incubator at 20-25 deg.C. Seedlings can grow in about 10-12 days.
(5) Seedling stage management: watering once every 3 days, supplementing nutrient solution once a week with clean tap water, wherein the seedling temperature is 25 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ at night.
(6) Managing in a seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, 1 per mill of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for uniformly spraying the plants for 4 days, and the plants are continuously sprayed for 2 times.
(7) Hardening seedlings: and (5) hardening seedlings when the plant height of the pinellia ternata reaches about 15 cm. The seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the sponge cushion into a plastic greenhouse integrally, picking the pinellia ternata plants, putting the pinellia ternata into a seedling hardening matrix, burying the whole corms into the matrix, ventilating after planting for 3 days, covering at night, and transplanting after about 10 days.
(8) Transplanting: transplanting the pinellia ternata plants hardened in the step (7), namely completing the floating seedling culture of the pinellia ternata.
(9) In the floating seedling raising in the step (4), the distance between adjacent holes of the seedling raising plate is 1.5cm, and 70 holes are formed in total; the length of the plug is 30 cm. The width is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into the container by about 500ml each time.
(10) The formula of the seedling hardening matrix in the step (7) is as follows: 40% of plant ash, 30% of humus soil, 30% of perlite and 15% of vermiculite, and the water content of the base material is 50% when the base material is placed on a pallet.
Example 3
Control treatment (normal temperature seedling culture):
the pinellia ternate soilless floating seedling method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pinellia ternata seed selection: and after harvesting pinellia ternata in 2017 in 9 months, selecting corms with uniform sizes and no scars or diseases and insect pests for later use, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
(2) And (3) bulb disinfection: cleaning pinellia ternate corms in 2018, 2 months and 10 days, draining, soaking the pinellia ternate corms in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, and then washing with tap water; and (5) drying for later use.
(3) Preparing a nutrient solution: preparing 1 liter of nutrient solution, adding 1000mg of calcium nitrate, 90mg of ammonium nitrate, 130mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, and then using the nutrient solution.
(4) Floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling raising tray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, air drying, placing the disinfected pinellia tuber corm on a sponge cushion with holes, placing the sponge cushion in the seedling raising tray filled with nutrient solution, adding 500ml of nutrient solution, and placing the seedling raising tray at outdoor temperature for normal culture.
(5) Seedling stage management: watering once every 3 days, supplementing nutrient solution once a week with clean tap water, wherein the seedling temperature is 25 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ at night.
(6) Managing in a seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, 1 per mill of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for uniformly spraying the plants for 4 days, and the plants are continuously sprayed for 2 times.
(7) Transplanting: and (5) transplanting the pinellia ternata plants in the step (5), and finishing the floating seedling of the pinellia ternata.
(8) In the floating seedling raising in the step (4), the distance between adjacent holes of the seedling raising plate is 1.5cm, and 70 holes are formed in total; the length of the plug is 30 cm. The width is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into the container by about 500ml each time.
And (3) surveying the seedling forming condition: and 3, 2 days in 2018, and the emergence rate, the duration of seedling formation, the plant height, the stem thickness, the leaf number and the occurrence condition of soft rot are investigated after 20 days of seedling culture.
On the 20 th day of seedling cultivation, the seedling formation of 3 examples was investigated
| Examples | Rate of emergence (%) | Duration of seedling (Tian) | Plant height (cm) | Stem diameter (cm) | Number of blades | Soft rot (%) |
| 1 | 100 | 20 | 17.5 | 0.25 | 3 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 20 | 17.7 | 0.26 | 3 | 0 |
| 3 (control) | 5 | \ | 3.5 | \ | 0 | \ |
Investigation of incidence of diseases and insect pests and investigation of yield under the embodiment and the conventional planting conditions after transplantation: the incidence and rhizome weight of root rot, soft rot and virus disease were investigated in 2018, 5 and 15.
Investigation of incidence of major diseases and rhizome weight after transplantation
| Examples | Root rot (%) | Soft rot (%) | Viral disease (%) | Average rhizome weight (g) |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5.31 |
| 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5.29 |
| 3 (control) | 23 | 30 | 13 | 4.12 |
Through the table, the advantages of the invention in the field can be seen, and the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests can be effectively avoided.
In the embodiment of the invention, figure 2 is a comparison graph of growth vigor of the method and the contrast seedlings provided by the invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A pinellia ternata soilless floating seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, pinellia tuber seed selection: after harvesting in 9 months, selecting corms with uniform size and no obvious scars or plant diseases and insect pests as seed sources, and refrigerating at 1-5 ℃ for later use;
step two, bulb disinfection: soaking pinellia tuber corm in potassium permanganate solution with 0.1% disinfection solution for disinfection, and then washing; airing for later use;
step three, floating seedling culture: wiping the seedling tray with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, air drying, placing sterilized rhizoma Pinelliae corm on porous sponge pad, placing in seedling tray filled with nutrient solution, and placing in light incubator to culture seedling;
fourthly, management in a seedling stage: watering once every 3-4 days, supplementing nutrient solution once every week by using clean tap water, wherein the seedling raising temperature is 25 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night;
fifthly, managing in the seedling stage: when the trefoil stage is reached, uniformly spraying 1 per mill of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the plants, applying the plants once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times;
sixthly, hardening seedlings: when the height of the pinellia ternata plant reaches 15cm, the sponge mat is integrally moved into a plastic greenhouse, the pinellia ternata plant is picked and placed into a seedling hardening matrix, the whole corm is buried into the matrix, ventilation is carried out after 3 days of planting, the seedling is covered at night, and the pinellia ternata plant is transplanted after 10 days and the seedling is hardened;
seventhly, transplanting: transplanting the pinellia ternata plants subjected to seedling hardening in the sixth step to finish floating seedling cultivation of the pinellia ternata;
before the third step of floating seedling culture, the following steps are required:
preparing a nutrient solution: adding 900mg of calcium nitrate, 80mg of ammonium nitrate, 120mg of monopotassium phosphate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate, 100mg of indoleacetic acid, 10mg of boric acid and 100mg of iron phosphate, adding 1 liter of purified water, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing for later use.
2. A pinellia ternata soilless floating seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the distance between the adjacent holes of the sponge mat is 1.5cm, and 70 holes are formed; the length of the seedling raising plate is 30 cm; the width of the seedling raising plate is 20cm, the length of the spongy cushion is 26cm, and the width of the spongy cushion is 18 cm; the nutrient solution is added into 500ml each time.
3. A pinellia ternata soilless floating seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the seedling hardening matrix consists of 35-40% of plant ash, 25-30% of humus soil, 20-30% of perlite and 10-15% of vermiculite in percentage by mass; the water content of the substrate is 40-50% when the disk is loaded.
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| JP6503539B2 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-04-24 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Mass production technology of plant seedlings using hydroponic culture |
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