CN109757609B - Pomacea canaliculata artificial feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pomacea canaliculata artificial feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial feed for ampullaria gigas as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting fresh water bamboo, water hyacinth, rice seedling, curly pondweed and azolla, cutting, deactivating enzyme, oven drying, pulverizing, and pulverizing vitamin B complex and vitamin C; (2) placing vitamin B complex and vitamin C in a beaker, adding distilled water for dissolving to obtain component A; (3) uniformly mixing the weighed water oat powder, water hyacinth powder, rice seedling powder, water caltrop powder, azolla powder and shell powder to obtain a component B; (4) heating agar with water to melt, adding sorbic acid, boiling, and cooling to obtain component C; (5) and pouring the component A into the component B, stirring uniformly, adding the component C, continuing stirring uniformly, pouring into a preservation box, completely cooling and solidifying, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃. The invention has the characteristics of low price, economy, practicability, simple and convenient preparation and the like, and is suitable for large-scale, long-term and subculture feeding of standard test insects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an artificial feed and a large-scale feeding method, in particular to an ampullaria gigas artificial feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Pomacea canaliculata is also called big bottle snail and apple snail and is native to amazon river basin in south America. Around 1980, it was introduced into philippines and japan as an aquatic economic animal due to its abundant protein content, high nutritional content and high reproductive capacity, and rapidly spread to other countries in east and south east asia (halowart, 1994). Later on, due to marketing failure, ampullaria gigas are abandoned and rapidly spread to cause outbreak and disaster, and seriously harm crop production (Naylor, 1996). In 2000, the World Natural protection Union (World Conservation Union; International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; IUCN) foreign invasive species expert Committee listed Pomacea canaliculata as one of the World 100 malignant foreign invasive species (Lowe et al, 2000), which is also the only one of the freshwater snails. In China continental land, ampullaria gigas is introduced to Guangdong for cultivation in 1981, and after 1984, the ampullaria gigas starts to be widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and the like, and then is popularized to Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and the like, and is now a serious agricultural pest in most provinces of the south of the Yangtze river (Shuxiaoping et al, 2001). In 2003, the State environmental protection Bureau and the Chinese academy of sciences (2003) listed Pomacea canaliculata on a "black list" of the first 16 foreign species that invade China. In recent years, artificial feeding of phytophagous insects has been attracting increasing attention. The artificial feeding is mainly based on two requirements: the method is used for researching basic theoretical topics, such as researching nutrition physiology, insect ecology, insect toxicology and the like of insects; and the second is to study the prevention and cure of pests, such as the development of novel pesticides, the study of pest resistance, and the like.
At present, the key points of prevention and treatment and research on ampullaria gigas are mainly focused on the research and development of novel biopesticides, and a batch of ampullaria gigas to be tested which are not limited by regions or seasons and are consistent in development are required for screening of the novel biopesticides. In the prevention and treatment process of ampullaria gigas, in addition to agricultural prevention and treatment and physical prevention and treatment, screening and identification of novel biopesticides are increasingly becoming important research points. The activity bioassay of the biological pesticide needs a large amount of ampullaria gigas which are consistent in development, has strict requirements on a feeding field, and has large workload. At present, the artificial breeding of the ampullaria gigas to be tested mainly adopts natural feeds such as rice seedlings, water bamboo, Chinese cabbages and the like, but the natural feeds are greatly influenced by seasons, are easy to rot and deteriorate, are frequently changed, have large workload, and are difficult to enlarge the breeding scale of the ampullaria gigas by adopting the natural feeds. Therefore, the development of the artificial feed for ampullaria gigas and the realization of the large-scale artificial feeding of the ampullaria gigas become very important research contents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to further optimize feed components and reduce feeding cost aiming at the defects, and provides the ampullaria gigas artificial feed and the preparation method and the application thereof.
The ampullaria gigas artificial feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5 to 2.0 percent of water bamboo shoot powder, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of water hyacinth powder, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of rice seedling powder, 2.5 to 4.0 percent of potamogeton crispus powder, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of duckweed powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of agar, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of shell powder, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of auxiliary material and the balance of water, wherein the auxiliary material comprises vitamin C, vitamin B complex and sorbic acid.
The auxiliary materials account for the total weight of the artificial feed in percentage by weight: 0.2 to 0.3 percent of vitamin C, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of vitamin B complex and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of sorbic acid.
The nutrition analysis of the raw materials of the artificial feed for ampullaria gigas is as follows:
water bamboo: the wild rice stem contains rich protein, saccharides, fat, trace carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E and various minerals, and can provide organic nitrogen which exists in amino acid and can provide sulfur, and the nutrient substances of the wild rice stem are easily digested and absorbed by the ampullaria gigas.
Water hyacinth: widely exists in river channels and ditches. Fresh water hyacinth contains 95.2 g of water, 1.1 g of protein, 0.7 g of fat, 1.4 g of cellulose, 30 mg of calcium, 80 mg of phosphorus and various vitamins per hundred g of water hyacinth. More importantly, the artificial feed is used as an artificial feed raw material, so that the harm of the artificial feed can be reduced.
And (3) rice seedling: rich in amino acids, proteins and the like, rich in nutrition and can be well digested and absorbed by ampullaria gigas.
Curly pondweed: the method is widely applied to riverways and ditches, and the perennial submerged herbs have approximately cylindrical rhizomes. The water caltrop powder is rich in nutrition, each hectare gram contains 10g of crude protein, the calcium and phosphorus contents are all more than 0.1g, and the crude ash content of the hay is all more than 100g/kg, which indicates that the water caltrop powder is a better source of protein and mineral elements. The content of partial vitamins in the curly pondweed like is VB11.8mg/kg, VB27.0mg/kg, VB 1242 mg/kg, VC 281mg/kg and carotene 550 mg/kg. The curly pondweed is rich in B vitamins, and contains higher carotene than semen Maydis, testa Tritici and herba Spirodelae, and is a good vitamin supplement.
Duckweed: aquatic plant contains water soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, C, etc., and luteolin-7-beta-glucoside. Flavonoids such as 8-hydroxyluteolin-8-beta-glucoside, iodine and bromine. The polysaccharide is a rich source of D-coriander sugar. Contains resin, wax, steroid, chlorophyll, sugar, protein, mucoid, tannin, etc., and has important nutritive value for growth and development of ampullaria gigas.
Agar: agar is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed and is one of the most widely used seaweed gels in the world at present. Agar is a constituent of cell walls, contains complex carbohydrates, calcium and sulfate, and can be used as a coagulant.
Shell powder: the main components of the shell are 95% of calcium carbonate and a small amount of chitin. Shell powder also contains trace elements necessary for animals: copper, magnesium, potassium, molybdenum, phosphorus, and the like. The shell powder is used for the artificial feed of ampullaria gigas and can provide a large amount of active calcium for the ampullaria gigas.
Vitamin C: supplement vitamins intake of ampullaria gigas and enhance the oxidation resistance of the ampullaria gigas.
Vitamin B complex: contains vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinamide and calcium pantothenate. The vitamin B complex participates in the metabolism process of organisms, and provides coenzyme necessary for various metabolic links in vivo and important coenzyme raw materials for tissue respiration.
Sorbic acid: the preservative has higher antibacterial performance and can ensure the freshness of the artificial feed.
The preparation method of the ampullaria gigas artificial feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh water bamboo, water hyacinth, rice seedling, curly pondweed and azolla, cutting, deactivating enzyme, oven drying, pulverizing, and pulverizing vitamin B complex and vitamin C;
(2) placing vitamin B complex and vitamin C in a beaker, adding distilled water for dissolving to obtain component A;
(3) uniformly mixing the weighed water oat powder, water hyacinth powder, rice seedling powder, water caltrop powder, azolla powder and shell powder to obtain a component B;
(4) heating agar with water to melt, adding sorbic acid, boiling, and cooling to obtain component C;
(5) and pouring the component A into the component B, stirring uniformly, adding the component C, continuing stirring uniformly, pouring into a preservation box, completely cooling and solidifying, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
The artificial feed for the ampullaria gigas is used for mass, annual and subculture feeding of the ampullaria gigas.
The method for breeding the ampullaria gigas comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding: cutting the artificial feed into granules of 0.5cm × 0.5cm × 0.5cm, placing into a feeding box of 40cm × 25cm × 28cm, and adding water of 1/3-1/2 volume of the feeding box.
(2) Inoculating young snails: screwing the young eggs which are hatched for 3-5d into the breeding box in the step (1) for breeding, wherein the temperature of a thermostatic chamber is 26 +/-1 ℃, and the illumination is as follows: the darkness was 16h:8 h.
(3) Material changing: observing the feeding condition of the ampullaria gigas every day, changing 1 time of fresh feed every 2 days, and repeating the operation until the ampullaria gigas spawns;
(4) egg collection: and (3) taking off egg blocks laid on the box walls of the breeding boxes by the ampullaria gigas, placing the eggs in a new breeding box for incubation, and transferring young snails to the breeding boxes containing artificial feed for breeding after the egg blocks are incubated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the raw materials of the feed are common nutrient substances, are easy to obtain, have simple formula, convenient preservation and storage and better anti-corrosion effect, and only need to be changed for 5-6 times from young snails to adult snails, thereby greatly reducing the labor intensity.
2) The feed has strong applicability, and the feeding result shows that the survival rate, the height and the weight average of young ampullaria gigas are improved and other biological indexes are equivalent compared with those of natural feed. The feed has good antiseptic effect (shown in table 2), the preparation of the feed is not limited by seasons, the aim of mass, annual and subculture feeding of standard young ampullaria gigas is achieved, and the prepared feed is particularly suitable for feeding ampullaria gigas in winter.
3) The invention overcomes the defects of various formulas and the like in the prior art, has the characteristics of simple and convenient preparation, low price, economy, practicability and the like, and is suitable for large-scale, long-term and subculture feeding of standard young snails. Has important significance for the biology, ecology and pesticide bioassay of the ampullaria gigas and the research of the resistance mechanism of the ampullaria gigas to the pesticide.
Detailed Description
The ampullaria gigas artificial feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5 to 2.0 percent of water bamboo shoot powder, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of water hyacinth powder, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of rice seedling powder, 2.5 to 4.0 percent of potamogeton crispus powder, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of duckweed powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of agar, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of shell powder, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of auxiliary material and the balance of water, wherein the auxiliary material comprises vitamin C, vitamin B complex and sorbic acid.
The auxiliary materials account for the total weight of the artificial feed in percentage by weight: 0.2 to 0.3 percent of vitamin C, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of vitamin B complex and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of sorbic acid.
Example 1: (1000 g of artificial feed)
The feed formula comprises:
the preparation method of the ampullaria gigas artificial feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh water bamboo, water hyacinth, rice seedling, curly pondweed and azolla, cutting, deactivating enzyme, oven drying, pulverizing, and pulverizing vitamin B complex and vitamin C;
(2) placing vitamin B complex and vitamin C in a beaker, adding distilled water for dissolving to obtain component A;
(3) uniformly mixing the weighed water oat powder, water hyacinth powder, rice seedling powder, water caltrop powder, azolla powder and shell powder to obtain a component B;
(4) heating agar with water to melt, adding sorbic acid, boiling, and cooling to obtain component C;
(5) and pouring the component A into the component B, stirring uniformly, adding the component C, continuing stirring uniformly, pouring into a preservation box, completely cooling and solidifying, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
The artificial feed for the ampullaria gigas is used for mass, annual and subculture feeding of the ampullaria gigas.
The method for breeding the ampullaria gigas comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding: cutting the artificial feed into granules of 0.5cm × 0.5cm × 0.5cm, placing into a feeding box of 40cm × 25cm × 28cm, and adding water of 1/3-1/2 volume of the feeding box.
(2) Inoculating young snails: screwing the young eggs which are hatched for 3-5d into the breeding box in the step (1) for breeding, wherein the temperature of a thermostatic chamber is 26 +/-1 ℃, and the illumination is as follows: the darkness was 16h:8 h.
(3) Material changing: observing the feeding condition of the ampullaria gigas every day, changing 1 time of fresh feed every 2 days, and repeating the operation until the ampullaria gigas spawns;
(4) egg collection: and (3) taking off egg blocks laid on the box walls of the breeding boxes by the ampullaria gigas, placing the eggs in a new breeding box for incubation, and transferring young snails to the breeding boxes containing artificial feed for breeding after the egg blocks are incubated.
Example 2: (1000 g of artificial feed)
The feed formula comprises:
the preparation method of the ampullaria gigas artificial feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh water bamboo, water hyacinth, rice seedling, curly pondweed and azolla, cutting, deactivating enzyme, oven drying, pulverizing, and pulverizing vitamin B complex and vitamin C;
(2) placing vitamin B complex and vitamin C in a beaker, adding distilled water for dissolving to obtain component A;
(3) uniformly mixing the weighed water oat powder, water hyacinth powder, rice seedling powder, water caltrop powder, azolla powder and shell powder to obtain a component B;
(4) heating agar with water to melt, adding sorbic acid, boiling, and cooling to obtain component C;
(5) and pouring the component A into the component B, stirring uniformly, adding the component C, continuing stirring uniformly, pouring into a preservation box, completely cooling and solidifying, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
The artificial feed for the ampullaria gigas is used for mass, annual and subculture feeding of the ampullaria gigas.
The method for breeding the ampullaria gigas comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding: cutting the artificial feed into granules of 0.5cm × 0.5cm × 0.5cm, placing into a feeding box of 40cm × 25cm × 28cm, and adding water of 1/3-1/2 volume of the feeding box.
(2) Inoculating young snails: screwing the young eggs which are hatched for 3-5d into the breeding box in the step (1) for breeding, wherein the temperature of a thermostatic chamber is 26 +/-1 ℃, and the illumination is as follows: the darkness was 16h:8 h.
(3) Material changing: observing the feeding condition of the ampullaria gigas every day, changing 1 time of fresh feed every 2 days, and repeating the operation until the ampullaria gigas spawns;
(4) egg collection: and (3) taking off egg blocks laid on the box walls of the breeding boxes by the ampullaria gigas, placing the eggs in a new breeding box for incubation, and transferring young snails to the breeding boxes containing artificial feed for breeding after the egg blocks are incubated.
Example 3: comparison test of effect of artificial feed and natural feed for feeding ampullaria gigas
Test materials and methods:
test materials: the ampullaria gigas is a 1 generation adult snail (with the weight of the snail being close to the height of the snail in a room-temperature net feeding pond in the important experiment of the biometry, inspection and quarantine in Zhejiang province>7.0g. only-1) (ii) a The natural feed is directly collected in suburb paddy fields, wild rice stem fields, ponds, ditches and the like in Hangzhou city. Artificial feed: by means ofThe feed of examples 1 and 2.
The test method comprises the following steps: the feeding method was as described in example 1. Feeding the natural feed and the artificial feed in a feeding jar. Each snail is a repetition, the weight of each snail is called when the snail is placed for 5 days, and the weight growth rate of each snail is calculated.
And (3) data statistics:
the data were analyzed initially using EXCEL and all data were analyzed for variance and significance using SPSS18.0 software.
Specific experimental data are shown in table 1.
The feeding result shows that compared with natural feed, the daily snail weight growth rate of the artificial feed ampullaria gigas fed by the artificial feed is obviously higher than the daily snail weight growth rate (P <0.05) of the natural feed ampullaria gigas fed by the artificial feed, the egg hatchability of the artificial feed ampullaria gigas fed by the artificial feed is also obviously higher than the egg hatchability (P <0.05) of the natural feed ampullaria gigas fed by the artificial feed, and other biological indexes are equivalent.
TABLE 1 influence of feeding different natural and artificial feeds on the body weight and other biological indicators of Pomacea canaliculata
Note: the data in this table are mean ± standard deviation. The difference of lower case letters in the same column indicates a significant difference (P ═ 0.05)
Table 2 shows the preservative experimental data of the feed of the present invention, and it can be seen from the table that the preservative effect of the feed of the present invention is remarkably improved compared to the single component.
TABLE 2 comparison of the preservative effect of natural and artificial feeds in the feeding process
Claims (3)
1. The artificial feed for ampullaria gigas is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
1.5 to 2.0 percent of wild rice stem powder, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of water hyacinth powder, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of rice seedling powder, 2.5 to 4.0 percent of potamogeton crispus powder, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of duckweed powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of agar, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of shell powder, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of auxiliary material and the balance of water, wherein the auxiliary material comprises vitamin C, vitamin B complex and sorbic acid.
2. The artificial feed for ampullaria gigas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials account for the total weight of the artificial feed in percentage by weight: 0.2 to 0.3 percent of vitamin C, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of vitamin B complex and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of sorbic acid.
3. A method for preparing the artificial feed for ampullaria gigas as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting fresh water bamboo, water hyacinth, rice seedling, curly pondweed and azolla, cutting, deactivating enzyme, oven drying, pulverizing, and pulverizing vitamin B complex and vitamin C;
(2) placing vitamin B complex and vitamin C in a beaker, adding distilled water for dissolving to obtain component A; (3) uniformly mixing the weighed water oat powder, water hyacinth powder, rice seedling powder, water caltrop powder, azolla powder and shell powder to obtain a component B;
(4) heating agar with water to melt, adding sorbic acid, boiling, and cooling to obtain component C;
(5) and pouring the component A into the component B, stirring uniformly, adding the component C, continuing stirring uniformly, pouring into a preservation box, completely cooling and solidifying, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
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