CN109724086B - Oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct-current burner suitable for inferior coal - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct-current burner suitable for inferior coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109724086B CN109724086B CN201910120148.1A CN201910120148A CN109724086B CN 109724086 B CN109724086 B CN 109724086B CN 201910120148 A CN201910120148 A CN 201910120148A CN 109724086 B CN109724086 B CN 109724086B
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 66
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
An oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal belongs to the technical field of clean energy combustion. The invention solves the problem that the existing pulverized coal burner is difficult to realize high-efficiency combustion and low NOx emission at the same time. The invention comprises a primary air pipeline, a concentrator, a cyclone, an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank and a perimeter air pipeline which are coaxially arranged; the pulverized coal airflow is pre-concentrated in a primary air pipeline through a concentrator, weakly swirled and secondarily concentrated through a cyclone, oxygen-enriched blunt body tanks are alternately sprayed with oxygen from inside to outside, and are sprayed into a furnace after being rectified and preheated through blunt bodies, and a boundary air pipeline is used for providing perimeter air for the pulverized coal airflow entering a hearth from an outlet of the primary air pipeline. The invention is mainly used for realizing the stable combustion of inferior fire difficult coal and the low NOx pulverized coal combustion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clean energy combustion, and particularly relates to an oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct-current burner suitable for low-quality coal with high efficiency and low NOx.
Background
In the primary energy constitution of China, the proportion of coal reaches more than 70%, the ascertained storage amount of the mined coal is mainly inferior coal, the proportion reaches about 50%, the proportion of the low-volatile anthracite and the lean coal is close to 30%, and the high-quality anthracite and the lean coal are few; imported bad coal is also increasing. The thermal power generated by directly burning coal accounts for more than 70% of the total power generated in China, wherein most of thermal power plants burn inferior coal. The development of clean and efficient utilization technology of coal, especially for inferior difficult-to-fire coal, including low-volatile anthracite, lean coal and coke, is increasingly urgent in the international background of ever-increasing carbon capture technology (CCS). Coal combustion technology is a key technology in clean and efficient utilization technology of coal. The traditional pulverized coal combustion technology based on the direct-current burner is difficult to apply to the high-efficiency combustion of inferior and difficult-to-fire coal due to the difficult ignition; traditional pulverized coal combustion technology based on cyclone burner is not suitable for clean combustion of difficult coal because of high NOx emission. While fluidized bed combustion, although excellent in coal adaptability and reduction of NOx emissions, has low combustion efficiency compared to pulverized coal combustion.
Although various coal burning technologies are developed at home and abroad, the development of the fire-resistant and stable-combustion technology with the performances of high efficiency, low NOx, no slag bonding, quick load response and the like still faces serious technical challenges for realizing the fire-resistant and stable-combustion, high efficiency, low NOx, no slag bonding, quick load response and the like because of the mutual contradiction in the physicochemical constraints of realizing the fire-resistant and stable-combustion, high efficiency, low NOx, no slag bonding, load response and the like.
Aiming at the combustion of the difficult-to-burn low-volatile anthracite, the prior art provides a boiler burner which is a vertical thick-thin burner or a low-wind-speed conventional burner, the ignition stable combustion performance is improved, the expanded reducing atmosphere area is favorable for inhibiting NOx, but the tangential circular burner arranged on the wall has poor stability, and the water-cooled wall surface of the area is easy to slag and corrode at high temperature due to the existence of a return area at the corner of the reducing atmosphere.
The existing anthracite combustion method adopts a direct-current burner, eliminates the adverse effect of the backflow area at the corner of the existing boiler through the secondary air with four corners tangential to the corners of the burner area, but does not describe a specific method for reducing NOx emission.
The existing W or U-shaped flame combustion technology based on the cyclone burner has the problems that the rapid mixing and high-temperature combustion in a backflow area are difficult to reduce NOx emission, and the technology is a technical reason that the ultra-clean combustion technology in China is difficult to implement on a cyclone burner boiler.
The prior art also provides another combustion method for reducing the NOx of the circulating fluidized bed, wherein the coal combustion process is divided into two stages of main combustion chamber reducing atmosphere combustion of coal particles and oxidizing atmosphere burnout fly ash in a flue through a cyclone separator, and the reducing atmosphere combustion of the main combustion chamber, namely partial oxidation or gasification, can be controlled relatively independently, so that the NOx emission is reduced, but the low-temperature combustion of the circulating fluidized bed can not realize independent control of high-temperature combustion and is not fully burnout, so that the combustion efficiency is improved, the emission of NOx and particle pollutants is reduced, and the technical reason that the implementation difficulty of the ultra-clean emission combustion technology in China on the circulating fluidized bed boiler is great is caused.
In summary, it is difficult to meet the requirements of low-NOx combustion with low-quality coal in the existing burner or combustion technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner applicable to low-grade coal, which aims to solve the problem that the existing pulverized coal burner is difficult to realize high-efficiency combustion and low NOx emission at the same time.
An oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal comprises a primary air pipeline, a concentrator, a cyclone, an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank and a perimeter air pipeline which are coaxially arranged;
a concentrator, a cyclone and an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank are sequentially arranged in the primary air pipeline according to the primary air flow direction, and the caliber of the cyclone is smaller than that of the concentrator;
the inlet end of the primary air pipeline is sealed through a sealing cover plate, and the outlet end of the primary air pipeline is communicated with the hearth;
the outer part of the primary air pipeline outlet area is sleeved with a peripheral air pipeline, the top end of the peripheral air pipeline is sealed, the space enclosed by the peripheral air pipeline and the primary air pipeline is communicated with the hearth, and the peripheral air pipeline is used for providing peripheral air for pulverized coal airflow entering the hearth from the primary air pipeline outlet;
a primary air inlet is formed in the primary air pipeline, and pulverized coal airflow is fed into the primary air pipeline through the primary air inlet;
after the concentrator performs primary concentration on the pulverized coal airflow in the primary air pipeline,
a part of pulverized coal airflow enters a cyclone to be stirred and secondarily concentrated, so that after the pulverized coal airflow is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, a pulverized coal airflow ring is formed to enter a hearth, and an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank in the radial direction sprays oxygen-enriched gas in the circumferential direction from the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring;
the other part of pulverized coal airflow directly enters the hearth;
the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank also serves as a blunt body to rectify the coal dust air flow.
Preferably, the concentrator is a tapered cone according to the primary air flow direction, and the large end of the concentrator is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the primary air pipeline.
Preferably, the cross section of the concentrator is circular, rectangular or regular polygon with more than 4 sides.
Preferably, the cyclone comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a plurality of cyclone blades;
the swirl vanes are uniformly fixed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the inner cylinder is a gradually-expanding conical cylinder according to the primary air flow direction, and the outer cylinder is a gradually-shrinking conical cylinder according to the primary air flow direction;
the small end of the inner cylinder is flush with the large end of the outer cylinder, and the large end of the inner cylinder is flush with the small end of the outer cylinder.
Preferably, the taper angle A of the inner barrel small end is 20 DEG to 35 deg.
Preferably, the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank comprises an oxygen-enriched pipeline and an oxygen-enriched tank;
the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline sequentially passes through a sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline, the concentrator, the cyclone and an upper cover of the oxygen-enriched tank according to the primary air flow direction and then stretches into the oxygen-enriched tank to provide oxygen enrichment for the oxygen-enriched tank, and the oxygen-enriched tank also serves as a blunt body to rectify the coal dust air flow;
the oxygen-enriched tank is positioned at the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring and sprays oxygen enriched to the inner wall of the pulverized coal airflow ring;
the oxygen-enriched tank is fixed at the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline,
the cyclone is fixed on the side wall close to the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline;
the top end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline is positioned outside the primary air pipeline.
Preferably, the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank is provided with a plurality of layers of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups from top to bottom, and the plurality of layers of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups are close to the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched tank;
each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group comprises N oxygen-enriched nozzles, and the N oxygen-enriched nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank;
the N oxygen-enriched nozzles in each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group are used for injecting oxygen enriched from inside to outside in a cross way.
Preferably, the oxygen-enriched nozzles in each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups can be inclined by 5 degrees to 10 degrees along the horizontal upward or downward.
Preferably, a stop valve and a check valve are arranged on a pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline close to the top end, and the stop valve and the check valve are arranged outside the primary air pipeline.
Preferably, the oxygen enrichment is prepared by membrane separation or magnetic separation.
Preferably, the top pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline is fixed on the sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline through a flange.
Preferably, the inner cylinder is made of aluminum oxide iron alloy, and the outer cylinder and the plurality of swirl blades are made of carbon steel.
Preferably, the oxygen-enriched tank is made of aluminum oxide iron alloy, and the oxygen-enriched pipeline is made of carbon steel.
Preferably, the primary air duct, concentrator and perimeter air duct are made of carbon steel.
Preferably, the diameter ratio of the small end of the outer cylinder to the primary air pipeline is 1:2.
preferably, the distance H between the concentrator and the cyclone 1 And D is larger than 0.22D, wherein D is the inner diameter of the primary air pipeline.
Preferably, the height H of the oxygen-enriched tank 2 Less than 0.18D, D being the inner diameter of the primary air duct.
Preferably, the distance between the end face of the bottom end of the oxygen enrichment tank and the end face of the bottom end of the primary air pipeline is H 3 And H is 3 The value range of (1/8) D to (1/4) D is the inner diameter of the primary air pipeline.
Preferably, the perimeter wind pipeline is provided with a perimeter wind inlet.
Principle analysis: the invention firstly pre-concentrates the coal dust air flow from a primary air pipeline through a concentrator, and after a section of gas-solid separation, most coal dust and part of air enter a weak cyclone and a convergent cyclone to be continuously concentrated to obtain a concentrated coal dust air flow ring, then the concentrated coal dust air flow ring and the relatively high-speed light coal dust air flow wrapping the concentrated coal dust air flow ring are sprayed into a furnace together under the action of an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank, and meanwhile, the concentrated coal dust air flow and oxygen-enriched jet flow from inside to outside are mixed in a cross mode and then gradually flow to the vicinity of a boundary layer of a blunt body backflow area (namely, the position below the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank to the vicinity of a burner outlet) to form multiple flames. The burner of the invention performs concentration separation and weak rotation on the pulverized coal airflow fed by primary air, ensures backflow and improves the blunt body of pulverized coal and air distribution. Concentrated pulverized coal airflow flows near a boundary layer of a blunt body reflux zone, ignition and stable combustion are implemented by means of a plurality of oxygen-enriched jet flows which are alternately sprayed from inside to outside, multiple flames which are easy to cool are formed, and oxygen-enriched gas is alternately sprayed with a plurality of concentrated pulverized coal airflows from inside to outside.
The existing burner or combustion technology is difficult to meet the requirements of low-quality fire coal high-efficiency low-NOx combustion. The invention adopts the principle of independent control of combustion thermochemical different stages to solve the problem of high-efficiency low NOx combustion by adopting a sectional coupling combustion method, but the invention improves the combustion area from the perspective of the burner, and ensures that the combustion area is rapidly cooled and is in a reducing atmosphere when the combustion is stable during ignition, so the cyclone is used for carrying out weak cyclone in a rotary backflow area, and only necessary heat is provided for primary air heating through flue gas backflow, so that the concentrated flame in the furnace is reconstructed into multiple flames for facilitating mixing and cooling; in order to increase the volatile concentration in the fire area of fire difficult to burn and reduce the ignition temperature, the primary air is subjected to necessary concentration separation (namely, realized by a cyclone) and oxygen-enriched ignition stable combustion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that firstly, the primary air pulverized coal airflow is pre-concentrated by the concentrator, after a section of gas-solid separation, most pulverized coal and part of air enter the cyclone to perform weak swirling and continuous concentration mixing, then the concentrated pulverized coal airflow is jointly sprayed into the furnace under the action of the blunt body under the wrapping of the relatively high-speed thin pulverized coal airflow, and meanwhile, the concentrated pulverized coal airflow and the oxygen-enriched jet flow from inside to outside are mixed in a cross manner and then gradually flow to the boundary layer of the backflow area of the blunt body to form multiple flames, so that the low-quality difficult-coal high-efficiency low-NOx pulverized coal combustion is realized.
The invention concentrates the pulverized coal airflow sent by primary air through a concentrator, performs weak swirling through a cyclone, and after a plurality of oxygen enrichment is crossly sprayed from inside to outside through an oxygen enrichment blunt body tank, a plurality of multiple ignition stable combustion areas with high temperature, fuel/oxidant ratio close to 1, low ignition temperature and low speed can be created near the boundary layer of the blunt body backflow area, so as to realize the stable combustion of ignition; the multiple flames quickly consume oxygen-enriched air which is only used for ignition and stable combustion, and are still in a fuel-rich reducing atmosphere, and the multiple flames are burnt in a mode of deviating from the stoichiometric ratio like the thin coal dust air flow which is wrapped around the multiple flames and is in an oxidizing atmosphere, so that the multiple flames are easy to cool, low-temperature combustion can be implemented, and the thermal NOx generation can be restrained at the same time.
Ignition stable combustion principle: after the concentrated pulverized coal airflow directionally flows near the boundary layer of the blunt body reflux zone, in the zone, the concentrated pulverized coal airflow ring with low flow velocity and increased surface area is favorable for absorbing heat and easily forming high temperature, the concentration of combustible volatile matters in the concentrated pulverized coal airflow is high, the fuel/oxidant ratio is close to 1, and the oxygen-enriched energy reduces the ignition temperature, so that the ignition and stable combustion of difficult fire coal can be realized, which is the fundamental condition for continuously implementing high-efficiency combustion in the furnace tissue, and the high-efficiency combustion is ensured by utilizing the mixing of the dilute pulverized coal airflow with the wrapped concentrated pulverized coal airflow and the mixing of the dilute pulverized coal airflow with the subsequent secondary air in the hearth;
low NOx combustion principle: the oxygen-enriched gas is only used for ignition and stable combustion, so that the concentrated pulverized coal gas flow is rich in fuel combustion, is in a reducing atmosphere and is deviated from stoichiometric ratio combustion, the generation of fuel NOx can be effectively inhibited, the concentrated pulverized coal gas flow ring with the increased surface area is favorable for heat release, is easy to cool, low-temperature combustion is implemented, and the generation of thermal NOx is inhibited, and the lean pulverized coal gas flow is in an oxidizing atmosphere, and is deviated from stoichiometric ratio low-temperature combustion due to low pulverized coal concentration and closer to a water cooling wall, so that the generation of thermal NOx is also inhibited, and because oxygen-enriched gas is injected from inside to outside, the flame does not enter a backflow area, and the high temperature of the backflow area is avoided due to the fact that flame is generated near a boundary layer, and the possible generation of thermal NOx in the backflow area of a blunt body is also inhibited. The thin coal dust air flow also has the functions of slag bonding prevention and high-temperature corrosion prevention.
Therefore, the invention can simultaneously realize the stable combustion of inferior fire difficult coal and the low NOx pulverized coal combustion.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are front cross-sectional views of an oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for low-grade coal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the concentrator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a concentrator;
FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of an oxygen-enriched bluff body canister.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of each combustion zone of pulverized coal.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner applicable to low-grade coal according to the present embodiment is described, and includes a primary air duct 1, a concentrator 2, a cyclone 3, an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 and a perimeter air duct 5 which are coaxially arranged;
a concentrator 2, a cyclone 3 and an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 are sequentially arranged in the primary air pipeline 1 according to the primary air flow direction, and the caliber of the cyclone 3 is smaller than that of the concentrator 2;
the inlet end of the primary air pipeline 1 is sealed by a sealing cover plate, and the outlet end is communicated with the hearth;
the periphery wind pipeline 5 is sleeved outside the outlet area of the primary wind pipeline 1, the top end of the periphery wind pipeline 5 is sealed, the space enclosed by the periphery wind pipeline 5 and the primary wind pipeline 1 is communicated with the hearth, and the periphery wind pipeline 5 is used for providing periphery wind for pulverized coal airflow entering the hearth from the outlet of the primary wind pipeline 1;
a primary air inlet 1-1 is formed in the primary air pipeline 1, and pulverized coal airflow is fed into the primary air pipeline 1 through the primary air inlet 1-1;
after the concentrator 2 performs primary concentration on the pulverized coal airflow in the primary air pipeline 1,
part of the pulverized coal airflow enters the cyclone 3 to be stirred and secondarily concentrated, so that after the pulverized coal airflow is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, a pulverized coal airflow ring is formed to enter a hearth, and the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 in the radial direction sprays oxygen-enriched gas in the circumferential direction from the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring;
the other part of pulverized coal airflow directly enters the hearth;
the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 also serves as a blunt body to rectify the pulverized coal flow.
The specific working process of the oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the low-grade coal in the embodiment is as follows:
before ignition, pulverized coal airflow is pre-concentrated in a primary air pipeline 1 through a concentrator 2, weakly swirled and secondarily concentrated through a cyclone 3, oxygen-enriched blunt body tanks 4 are alternately sprayed with oxygen from inside to outside, and are rectified and preheated through blunt bodies and then sprayed into a furnace, and multiple flames occur in a high-temperature, low-speed and proper fuel-oxidant ratio area near a boundary layer of a blunt body backflow area of a burner; near the outlet of the direct-current burner, the concentrated pulverized coal airflow sequentially goes through a strong oxidation zone which ensures the oxygen enrichment and high temperature of ignition and stable combustion and a reduction zone which is locally rich in fuel and lean in oxygen, namely: the other part of pulverized coal airflow directly entering the hearth, referring to fig. 6, inhibits NOx from happening and then entering the gasification burnout zone to promote efficient combustion, and the concentrated pulverized coal airflow after ignition and stable combustion is that: the pulverized coal pre-concentrated by the concentrator 2 and weakly concentrated by the cyclone 3 is surrounded by the relatively low-temperature pulverized coal-thin air flow which is discharged from the concentrator 2 and directly falls into the hearth and the peripheral air from the peripheral air pipeline 5, and the pulverized coal-thin air flow is ignited after the ignition and stable combustion of the concentrated pulverized coal air flow, and meanwhile, the concentrated pulverized coal is conditionally and rapidly cooled by the oxidative atmosphere pulverized coal-thin air flow and the peripheral air in time, so that the occurrence of NOx is inhibited, and the slagging prevention and the high-temperature corrosion prevention are facilitated; finally, when the furnace is shut down, pulverized coal supply is stopped, oxygen enrichment is stopped, and finally the perimeter air pipeline 5 is stopped to provide perimeter air for the nozzle of the primary air pipeline 1.
The pulverized coal concentration ratio of the thick and thin pulverized coal airflow is 3 to 5, namely the concentration ratio is 3 to 5.
The cyclone 3 is used for continuously rotating the airflow of concentrated pulverized coal through the concentrator 2, adjusting the circumferential uniform distribution of the pulverized coal, and matching with the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 which also serves as a blunt body, so that multiple flames are radially stabilized near the boundary layer of the backflow area of the blunt body, and favorable conditions of fuel/oxidant ratio approaching 1, easy temperature rise and cooling and low flow rate are created for ignition stable combustion and inhibiting NOx generation.
Oxygen enrichment is a gas with an oxygen concentration higher than the oxygen concentration in air.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the preferred embodiment, the concentrator 2 is a tapered cone according to the primary air flow direction, and the large end of the concentrator 2 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the primary air pipe 1.
In the preferred embodiment, the concentrator 2 is a tapered cone in the flow direction to pre-concentrate the pulverized coal flow fed by the primary air.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, the present preferred embodiment is illustrated in which the cyclone 3 includes an inner cylinder 3-1, an outer cylinder 3-2, and a plurality of cyclone blades 3-3;
the swirl vanes 3-3 are uniformly fixed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 3-1 and the outer cylinder 3-2 along the circumferential direction.
In the preferred embodiment, the swirl blades 3-3 are preferably 4 blades, and the swirl blades 3-3 may be a straight plate, a curved plate, or the like, and are preferably straight plates and have a triangular shape.
The inner diameter of the primary air pipeline 1 is D, and the inner diameter of the small end of the inner cylinder 3-1 is D 42 Outer diameter D of inner cylinder 3-1 big end 41 0.1D to 0.3D, preferably 0.2D, the outer diameter of the large end of the outer cylinder 3-2 is D 31 The inner diameter of the small end of the outer cylinder 3-2 is D 32 。
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, in the present preferred embodiment, the inner cylinder 3-1 is a tapered cone in the primary air flow direction, and the outer cylinder 3-2 is a tapered cone in the primary air flow direction;
the small end of the inner cylinder 3-1 is flush with the large end of the outer cylinder 3-2, and the large end of the inner cylinder 3-1 is flush with the small end of the outer cylinder 3-2.
In the preferred embodiment, the distance between the inner cylinder 3-1 and the outer cylinder 3-2 is gradually reduced according to the flow direction, so that the cyclone 3 is integrally reduced, and the pulverized coal airflow is secondarily concentrated.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, the present preferred embodiment is described in which the taper angle a of the small end of the inner tube 3-1 is 20 ° to 35 °; further preferably 30 °.
Referring to FIG. 5, the preferred embodiment is illustrated in which the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank 4 comprises an oxygen-enriched pipe 4-1 and an oxygen-enriched tank 4-2;
the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 4-1 sequentially passes through a sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline 1, the concentrator 2, the cyclone 3 and an upper cover of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 according to the primary air flow direction, and then stretches into the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 to provide oxygen enrichment for the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2, and the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 also serves as a blunt body to rectify the pulverized coal air flow;
the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 is positioned at the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring and sprays oxygen-enriched to the inner wall of the pulverized coal airflow ring;
the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 is fixed at the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 4-1,
the cyclone 3 is fixed on the side wall near the bottom end of the oxygen enrichment pipeline 4-1;
the top end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 4-1 is positioned outside the primary air pipeline 1.
In the preferred embodiment, the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 is used for storing oxygen-enriched air and injecting oxygen-enriched air and also serves as a blunt body.
Referring to FIG. 5 to illustrate the preferred embodiment, in the preferred embodiment, a plurality of layers of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups are arranged on the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 from top to bottom, and are close to the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2;
each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group comprises N oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1, and the N oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2;
the N oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 in each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group are used for alternately injecting oxygen enriched from inside to outside.
In the preferred embodiment, the oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 are used for spraying oxygen enriched gas into the concentrated pulverized coal gas flow from inside to outside at a speed of about 25m/s so as to generate multiple flames, 1 to 5 layers, preferably 2 layers, can be arranged on the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 from top to bottom, and 3 to 8 oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 are preferably arranged on each layer, so that an acute included angle can be formed between the emergent directions of the oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 and the horizontal direction for enhancing mixing and preventing blockage.
Referring to FIG. 5, which illustrates the preferred embodiment, the oxygen-enriched gas nozzles 4-2-1 in each layer of oxygen-enriched gas nozzle groups can be inclined by 5 deg. to 10 deg. in the horizontal direction or downward direction.
In the preferred embodiment, the oxygen-enriched nozzles 4-2-1 are obliquely arranged, so that oxygen-enriched cross jet flow can be realized.
Referring to FIG. 5, in the preferred embodiment, a stop valve 4-3 and a check valve 4-4 are provided on the pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 4-1 near the top end, and the stop valve 4-3 and the check valve 4-4 are provided outside the primary air pipeline 1.
In the present preferred embodiment, check valve 4-4 is used to control the oxygen-enriched flow and check valve 4-4 is used to prevent reverse flow.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present preferred embodiment, in which the oxygen enrichment is produced by membrane separation or magnetic separation, is illustrated. Further preferably by magnetic separation.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, the preferred embodiment is illustrated in which the top end pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline 4-1 is fixed to the sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline 1 through a flange 4-5.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the present preferred embodiment, in which the inner cylinder 3-1 is made of an aluminum oxide iron alloy and the outer cylinder 3-2 and the plurality of swirl vanes 3-3 are made of carbon steel, is described.
In the preferred embodiment, both carbon steel and aluminum-iron alloy are heat and wear resistant materials.
Referring to FIG. 5, the preferred embodiment is illustrated in which the oxygen enrichment tank 4-2 is made of an aluminum-iron-oxide alloy and the oxygen enrichment pipe 4-1 is made of carbon steel.
In the preferred embodiment, both carbon steel and aluminum-iron alloy are heat and wear resistant materials.
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment is illustrated, in which the primary air duct 1, the concentrator 2 and the peripheral air duct 5 are made of carbon steel.
In the preferred embodiment, the carbon steel is a heat and wear resistant material.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present preferred embodiment is described in which the diameter ratio of the small end of the outer tube 3-2 to the primary air duct 1 is 1:2.
in the preferred embodiment, the primary air pulverized coal airflow is pre-concentrated by the concentrator 2, after being subjected to one-stage gas-solid separation, most pulverized coal and part of air enter the cyclone 3 to be weakly swirled and continuously concentrated and mixed, then concentrated pulverized coal airflow with the diameter of about 1/2 of the equivalent diameter of the primary air pipeline is jointly sprayed into the furnace under the action of a blunt body under the wrapping of relatively high-speed thin pulverized coal airflow, and meanwhile, the concentrated pulverized coal airflow and oxygen-enriched jet flow from inside to outside are mixed in a cross mode and then gradually flow to a boundary layer of a blunt body backflow area to form multiple flames, so that the low-quality difficult-coal high-efficiency low-NOx pulverized coal combustion is realized.
The preferred embodiment in which the distance H between the concentrator 2 and the cyclone 3 is as described with reference to fig. 1 and 2 1 Greater than 0.22d, d being the inner diameter of primary air duct 1.
In the preferred embodiment, H 1 And the D larger than 0.22D is beneficial to flow equalization and does not influence the concentration of pulverized coal particles to the center of a symmetrical axis.
The preferred embodiment in which the height H of the oxygen enrichment tank 4-2 is as follows is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 2 Less than 0.18d, d being the inner diameter of the primary air duct 1.
In the preferred embodiment, H 2 The powder less than 0.18D is used for avoiding the concentrated pulverized coal airflow from directly flushing the oxygen enrichment tank 4-2 and reducing abrasion.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the preferred embodiment is described in which the distance between the end face of the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2 and the end face of the bottom end of the primary air duct 1 is H 3 And H is 3 The value range of (1/8) D to (1/4) D is the inner diameter of the primary air pipeline 1.
In the preferred embodiment, H 3 The value of (2) is 1/8D to 1/4D to prevent overheating of the oxygen-enriched tank 4-2.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present preferred embodiment, in which the perimeter wind inlet 5-1 is provided on the perimeter wind duct 5, is described.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (17)
1. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the inferior coal is characterized by comprising a primary air pipeline (1), a concentrator (2), a cyclone (3), an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank (4) and a peripheral air pipeline (5) which are coaxially arranged;
a concentrator (2), a cyclone (3) and an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank (4) are sequentially arranged in the primary air pipeline (1) according to the primary air flow direction, and the caliber of the cyclone (3) is smaller than that of the concentrator (2);
the inlet end of the primary air pipeline (1) is sealed through a sealing cover plate, and the outlet end is communicated with the hearth;
the periphery air pipeline (5) is sleeved outside the outlet area of the primary air pipeline (1), the top end of the periphery air pipeline (5) is sealed, a space enclosed by the periphery air pipeline (5) and the primary air pipeline (1) is communicated with the hearth, and the periphery air pipeline (5) is used for providing periphery air for pulverized coal airflow entering the hearth from the outlet of the primary air pipeline (1);
a primary air inlet (1-1) is formed in the primary air pipeline (1), and pulverized coal airflow is fed into the primary air pipeline (1) through the primary air inlet (1-1);
after the concentrator (2) carries out primary concentration on the pulverized coal airflow in the primary air pipeline (1),
part of the pulverized coal airflow enters a cyclone (3) to be stirred and secondarily concentrated, so that the pulverized coal airflow is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction to form a pulverized coal airflow ring, the pulverized coal airflow ring enters a hearth, and an oxygen-enriched blunt body tank (4) in the radial direction sprays oxygen-enriched gas from the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring to the circumferential direction;
the other part of pulverized coal airflow directly enters the hearth;
the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank (4) also serves as a blunt body to rectify the coal dust air flow;
the concentrator (2) is a tapered cone according to the primary air flow direction, and the large end of the concentrator (2) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the primary air pipeline (1);
the cyclone (3) comprises an inner cylinder (3-1), an outer cylinder (3-2) and a plurality of cyclone blades (3-3);
the swirl vanes (3-3) are uniformly fixed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder (3-1) and the outer cylinder (3-2) along the circumferential direction;
the oxygen-enriched blunt body tank (4) comprises an oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1) and an oxygen-enriched tank (4-2);
the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1) sequentially passes through a sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline (1), the concentrator (2), the cyclone (3) and an upper cover of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) according to the primary air flow direction and then stretches into the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) to provide oxygen enrichment for the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2), and the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) also serves as a blunt body to rectify the pulverized coal airflow;
the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) is positioned in the center of the pulverized coal airflow ring and sprays oxygen enriched to the inner wall of the pulverized coal airflow ring;
the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) is fixed at the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1),
the cyclone (3) is fixed on the side wall close to the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1);
the top end of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1) is positioned outside the primary air pipeline (1).
2. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the concentrator (2) is circular, rectangular or regular polygon with more than 4 sides.
3. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the low-grade coal, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the inner cylinder (3-1) is a gradually-expanding conical cylinder according to the primary air flow direction, and the outer cylinder (3-2) is a gradually-expanding conical cylinder according to the primary air flow direction;
the small end of the inner cylinder (3-1) is flush with the large end of the outer cylinder (3-2), and the large end of the inner cylinder (3-1) is flush with the small end of the outer cylinder (3-2).
4. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner applicable to inferior coal according to claim 3, wherein the taper angle A of the small end of the inner cylinder (3-1) is 20 DEG to 35 deg.
5. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the inferior coal according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of layers of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups are arranged on the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) from top to bottom, and the plurality of layers of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups are close to the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2);
each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group comprises N oxygen-enriched nozzles (4-2-1), and the N oxygen-enriched nozzles (4-2-1) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2);
the N oxygen-enriched nozzles (4-2-1) in each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle group are used for injecting oxygen enriched from inside to outside in a cross way.
6. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner applicable to low-grade coal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the oxygen-enriched nozzles (4-2-1) in each layer of oxygen-enriched nozzle groups can be inclined by 5 degrees to 10 degrees along the horizontal direction or downward direction.
7. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1) close to the top end is provided with a stop valve (4-3) and a check valve (4-4), and the stop valve (4-3) and the check valve (4-4) are arranged outside the primary air pipeline (1).
8. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for low-grade coal as claimed in claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the oxygen enrichment is prepared by membrane separation or magnetic separation.
9. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the inferior coal according to claim 7, wherein the top end pipeline of the oxygen-enriched pipeline (4-1) is fixed on a sealing cover plate at the top end of the primary air pipeline (1) through a flange (4-5).
10. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the inferior coal according to claim 7, wherein the inner cylinder (3-1) is made of aluminum oxide iron alloy, and the outer cylinder (3-2) and the plurality of swirl blades (3-3) are made of carbon steel.
11. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) is made of an aluminum-iron oxide alloy and the oxygen-enriched pipe (4-1) is made of carbon steel.
12. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary air duct (1), the concentrator (2) and the perimeter air duct (5) are made of carbon steel.
13. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner applicable to the low-grade coal according to claim 1, wherein the diameter ratio of the small end of the outer cylinder (3-2) to the primary air pipeline (1) is 1:2.
14. an oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, characterized by the distance H between the concentrator (2) and the cyclone (3) 1 And D is larger than 0.22D, wherein D is the inner diameter of the primary air pipeline (1).
15. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner suitable for inferior coal according to claim 1, characterized in that the height H of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) 2 Less than 0.18D, D being the inner diameter of the primary air duct (1).
16. An oxygen-enriched multiple flame direct current burner applicable to inferior coal according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the end face of the bottom end of the oxygen-enriched tank (4-2) and the end face of the bottom end of the primary air pipe (1) is H 3 And H is 3 The value range of (1/8) D to (1/4) D, D is the inner diameter of the primary air pipeline (1).
17. The oxygen-enriched multi-flame direct current burner suitable for the low-grade coal, according to claim 1, wherein a perimeter wind inlet (5-1) is arranged on the perimeter wind pipeline (5).
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