CN109620903A - 一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂 - Google Patents
一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,主要含有山楂、茯苓、山药,以脱脂、酶法和发酵多步骤联合处理制备而得。本发明具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂用于改善肠道吸收时,能调整肠胃之间的阴阳平衡,增强胃动力、调节胃酸分泌、保护胃黏膜。试验表明,可有效改善胃肠道功能,促进消化吸收,实现瘦人增胖增肌的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品领域,具体涉及一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂。
背景技术
肠胃是我们人体最重要的消化器官,它负责我们身体的食物消化和营养物质的吸收,肠胃功能一旦出现问题,就会使得食物无法正常吸收和消化。食物消化不良,会引起胃胀、胃痛、甚至胃膜发炎出血症状,还会引起免疫力低下,身体消瘦的问题。
中医将包括胃肠道等重要器官在内的整个消化***称为“脾胃”。中医认为,脾胃是“后天之本”。据《脾胃论》记载:“内伤脾胃,百病由生。”《金匮要略注》说:“五脏六腑之血,全赖脾气统摄。”《素问集注·五脏生成篇》所说:“脾主运化水谷之精,以生养肌肉,故主肉”。对于脾胃虚寒、脾胃虚弱、胃热素盛、气机阻滞等消化问题的患者,供选择的中药种类较多,但大多苦、涩,口感差,消费者往往难以长期坚持服用,导致最终治疗效果不佳。
本发明的发明人根据中医理念精选中药材,采用现代生物提取技术,萃取有效成分,制得了一种保健冲剂,口感良好,易于服用,具有良好的改善肠道吸收作用,从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
基于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂。
一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其制备方法主要包括如下步骤:
(1)将茯苓、山楂和山药脱脂处理;
(2)对步骤(1)所获得的脱脂产物进行酶解;
(3)对步骤(2)所获得的酶解产物进行发酵。
在其中一些实施例中,所述的保健冲剂的制备方法还包括步骤(4):将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到50-70℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂。
在其中一些实施例中,步骤(1)中所述的茯苓、山楂和山药,以干燥后重量计,所述的茯苓、山楂和山药的重量份数之比为:(20-40):(30-40):(30-40)。
步骤(1)所述的脱脂处理的目的在于将茯苓、山楂和山药中的脂溶性成分预先去除。在其中一些实施例中,所述的脱脂具体步骤可以为:将茯苓、山楂和山药混合,粉碎,过10-40目筛,获得中药粉末;向中药粉末中加入无水乙醇,所述的无水乙醇的添加量为中药粉末重量的6-10倍;于20-30℃条件下搅拌脱脂24-48h,然后过滤,得滤渣;将滤渣在-0.2Mpa下冷冻干燥24h,得到脱脂产物。
发明人发现,脱脂处理对后续酶解和发酵的效率有较大影响,尤其对获得的发酵组合物中总黄酮的得率有较大影响。其可能的原因是脱脂处理后,茯苓、山楂和山药中的亲脂性物质减少,避免了亲脂性物质对后续酶解反应和发酵菌生长的抑制;另外,脱脂处理也有助于植物细胞膜的瓦解。
步骤(2)所述的酶解,是采用α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶进行酶解,以打开植物细胞壁,有利于后续发酵的进行。在其中一些实施例中,所述酶解的步骤为:将脱脂产物和水按照1:15的重量比例混合,然后加入淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其中所述α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶的质量之比为1:3,总用酶量为脱脂产物重量的0.1-0.2%;酶解的条件为:温度为35-55℃,反应时间为6-10小时,pH值为6.5-7.0;酶解反应全程保持搅拌状态,所述搅拌的速度为60-120rpm/min;酶解反应结束后,降温至室温,灭酶灭菌,获得酶解产物。
步骤(3)所述的酶解产物的发酵,是采用双歧杆菌对酶解产物进行发酵,以获得具有良好风味和保健功能的发酵产物。在其中一些实施例中,所述发酵的步骤为:将酶解产物置于发酵罐中,接种双歧杆菌,然后升温至25-35℃,通气量为1-4VVM的条件下发酵2-3天,获得发酵产物;其中,所述的双歧杆菌的接种量为(1×108-5×1010)CFU/ml。发酵全程还可以进行搅拌,搅拌速度为30-60rpm/min。
在其中一些实施例中,步骤(4)所述糊精的加入量为滤液重量的0.03-0.05%,所述白糖的加入量为滤液重量的0.03-0.1%。
由上述制备方法获得的保健冲剂具有改善肠道吸收功能。
在其中一些实施例中,制备得到的保健冲剂中,总黄酮含量为82.6-105.3mg/100g。本发明所述“总黄酮”、“黄酮”、“黄酮类化合物”和“生物类黄酮”的含义相同,是具有色酮环与苯环为基本结构的一类化合物的总称,属于植物次级代谢产物,包括黄酮、类黄酮、异黄酮、查尔酮等。
本发明具有如下的优点及有益效果:
1、本发明具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂以山楂为君药,以茯苓为臣药,以山药为佐使药,调整肠胃之间的阴阳平衡,增强胃动力、调节胃酸分泌、保护胃黏膜。试验表明,长期服用本实施例制得的冲剂可有效改善胃肠道功能,促进消化吸收,实现瘦人增胖增肌的效果。
2、本发明的制备工艺以脱脂、酶法和发酵多步骤联合处理,可极大提高最终产物中总黄酮的含量,相较单一的方法,在功效物质的组成和含量上更占优势。
3、本发明的原料来源天然,工艺绿色环保,环境友好。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,对于未特别注明的工艺参数或条件,可参照常规技术进行。
以下实施例中所用试剂,如无特殊说明,均为可商购获得的常规常用试剂。
以下实施例中所用的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为本领域常规的操作方法。
总黄酮含量的测定采用NaNO2-AlCl3法测定(Gonzalez R,Ballester I,Lopez-Posada R,et al.Effects of Flavonoids and other Polyphenols on Inflammation[J].Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition,2011,51(4):331-362.)。
本发明所涉及的α-淀粉酶对淀粉的水解有催化作用,合适的α-淀粉酶可以是上海鼓臣生物科技有限公司的α-淀粉酶(枯草杆菌)。
本发明所涉及的纤维素酶对纤维素的水解有催化作用,合适的纤维素酶可以是上海鼓臣生物科技有限公司的纤维素酶(绿色木霉)。
本发明所涉及的双歧杆菌可以是陕西赛恩生物科技有限公司的两歧双歧杆菌或是西安普瑞斯生物工程有限公司的婴儿双歧杆菌。
本发明所涉及的茯苓为中药,是多孔菌科植物茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。中药应用:味甘、淡,性平;入心、脾、肺经。功能:渗湿利水、益脾和胃、宁心安神。现代研究表明茯苓对四氯化碳所引起的小鼠肝损伤有明显的保护作用,能使谷丙转氨酶活性明显降低,防止肝细胞坏死。茯苓浸剂对家兔离体肠管有直接松弛作用,使平滑肌收缩幅度降低,张力下降,对大鼠幽门结扎所致溃疡有抑制作用。并能降低胃液分泌及游离酸含量。
本发明所涉及的山楂为中药,是蔷薇科植物山楂Crataegus pinnatifidaBge.Var.major N.E.Br.或野山楂Crataegus cuneata Sieb.Et Zucc.的果实。中药应用:味酸、甘,性微温;入脾、胃、肝经。功能:消食积、散淤血、驱绦虫。现代研究表明,山楂内服后能增加胃中酶类,促进消化;其中所含脂肪酶亦能促进脂肪食积的消化。
本发明所涉及的山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposita Thunb.的块茎。中药应用:味甘,性平;入肺、脾、肾经。功能:健脾、补肺、固肾、益精。现代研究表明,生山药、清炒山药、土炒山药、麸炒山药四种山药制品煎剂对家兔离体肠管节律性活动有明显作用。
实施例1
一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将20重量份的茯苓、40重量份的山楂和30重量份山药,粉碎,过40目筛,采用6倍质量份无水乙醇进行脱脂48h,脱脂温度为20℃,搅拌速度为120rpm/min;脱酯反应后,然后过滤,得滤渣;将滤渣在-0.2Mpa下冷冻干燥24h,得到脱脂产物;
(2)将步骤(1)所获得的脱脂干粉10质量份与水150质量份,加入酶解釜中,调节pH至7.0;加入0.0025质量份α-淀粉酶和0.0075质量份纤维素酶,在35℃下反应10小时,酶解反应全程保持120rpm/min搅拌状态,酶解反应结束后,降温至室温,110℃灭酶灭菌10min,得到143.6质量份酶解产物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的100质量份酶解产物加入发酵罐中,加入0.005质量份葡萄糖和0.1质量份尿素,115℃下进行蒸汽灭菌10min,冷却至室温,在无菌条件下接种两歧双歧杆菌,接种量为1×108CFU/ml,升温至25℃,以60rpm/min搅拌,通气量为1VVM的条件下发酵3天,得发酵产物;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到50℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂;其中糊精的加入量为滤液重量的0.03%,白糖加入量为滤液重量的0.03%。
实施例2
一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将40重量份的茯苓、30重量份的山楂和40重量份山药,粉碎,过10目筛,采用10倍质量份无水乙醇进行脱脂24h,脱脂温度为30℃,搅拌速度为60rpm/min;脱酯反应后,然后过滤,得滤渣;将滤渣在-0.2Mpa下冷冻干燥24h,得到脱脂产物;
(2)将步骤(1)所获得的脱脂干粉10质量份与水150质量份,加入酶解釜中,调节pH至6.5;加入0.005质量份α-淀粉酶和0.015质量份纤维素酶,在55℃下反应6小时;酶解反应全程保持60rpm/min搅拌状态,酶解反应结束后,降温至室温,110℃灭酶灭菌10min,得到143.1质量份酶解产物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的100质量份酶解产物加入发酵罐中,加入0.01质量份葡萄糖和0.2质量份尿素,115℃下进行蒸汽灭菌10min,冷却至室温,在无菌条件下接种两歧双歧杆菌,接种量为5×1010CFU/ml,升温至40℃,以30rpm/min搅拌,通气量为4VVM的条件下发酵2天,得发酵产物;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到70℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂;其中糊精的加入量为滤液重量的0.05%,白糖加入量为滤液重量的0.1%。
实施例3
一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将30重量份的茯苓、35重量份的山楂和35重量份山药,粉碎,过20目筛,采用8倍质量份无水乙醇进行脱脂36h,脱脂温度为25℃,搅拌速度为80rpm/min;脱酯反应后,然后过滤,得滤渣;将滤渣在-0.2Mpa下冷冻干燥24h,得到脱脂产物;
(2)将步骤(1)所获得的脱脂干粉10质量份与水150质量份,加入酶解釜中,调节pH至6.8;加入0.004质量份α-淀粉酶和0.012质量份纤维素酶,在45℃下反应8小时;酶解反应全程保持90rpm/min搅拌状态,酶解反应结束后,降温至室温,110℃灭酶灭菌10min,得到142.6质量份酶解产物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的100质量份酶解产物加入发酵罐中,加入0.0075质量份葡萄糖和0.15质量份尿素,115℃下进行蒸汽灭菌10min,冷却至室温,在无菌条件下接种婴儿双歧杆菌,接种量为1×109CFU/ml,升温至30℃,以45rpm/min搅拌,通气量为3VVM的条件下发酵2天,得发酵产物;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到60℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂;其中糊精的加入量为滤液重量的0.04%,白糖加入量为滤液重量的0.06%。
对比例1
无脱脂步骤,其余步骤和条件与实施例3相同。
对比例2
无酶解步骤,其余步骤和条件与实施例3相同。
对比例3
无发酵步骤,其余步骤和条件与实施例3相同。
实验1总黄酮的测定
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制得的保健冲剂,稀释成20倍的水溶液,依次测定总黄酮含量。结果如表1所示。
表1总黄酮测定结果记录表
项目 | 总黄酮含量(mg/100g样品) |
实施例1 | 82.6 |
实施例2 | 92.4 |
实施例3 | 105.3 |
对比例1 | 42.5 |
对比例2 | 52.3 |
对比例3 | 29.5 |
由表1数据可知,采用本发明制备方法得到的保健冲剂,以脱脂、酶法和发酵多步骤联合处理,可极大提高最终发酵产物中总黄酮的含量,相较单一的方法,在功效物质的组成和含量上更占优势。
实验2志愿者测试
探讨本发明保健冲剂在肠胃吸收不良人群中调理应用效果。
方法:选取肠胃吸收不良的志愿者,体质量指数(BMI)<18.5kg/m2,普遍偏瘦,志愿者共120名,其中男76例,女44例,年龄25-55岁,中位年龄38岁,症状表现为显瘦、腹胀、腹泻、面色萎黄、免疫力低下的志愿者为研究对象,体检时收集身高、体重及营养相关检验指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白)等资料,给予本发明保健冲剂和对比例1-3制得的样品进行口服调理,并随访半年,比较相关营养指标变化(每一组取其平均值)情况。所有志愿者随机均分为6组,每组20人。服用为早晚各一次,每次一小袋,每袋为10克,开水冲服。
实验后进行随访6个月,并复查相关指标,进一步比较营养指标变化情况,观察本发明保健冲剂在肠胃吸收不良志愿者人群中改善肠道吸收的作用,结果如表2所示。
表2服用6个月保健冲剂前后相关指标变化情况
由表2可知,志愿者服用保健冲剂后,BMI、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白等营养指标均明显提高,说明服用保健冲剂可以明显改善肠道吸收能力,促进有效营养成份在人体的吸收利用。
由实施例1-3和对比例1-3对比可知,本发明保健冲剂实施例1-3具有更好的疗效,无论是体质量指数BMI,还是血红蛋白、蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白等营养指标,均有更好的提升,实现瘦人增胖增肌的效果,提高人体免疫力。
进一步对使用本发明实施例1-3具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂的志愿者进行体检发现,使用本发明保健冲剂半年后,志愿者胃动力增加,消化能力增强、有过度胃酸分泌的志愿者胃酸分泌明显减少、胃黏膜与常人无异;显瘦、腹胀、腹泻、面色萎黄、免疫力低下的症状均有所改善。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,故凡未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,其制备方法主要包括如下步骤:
(1)将茯苓、山楂和山药脱脂处理;
(2)对步骤(1)所获得的脱脂产物进行酶解;
(3)对步骤(2)所获得的酶解产物进行发酵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,所述的保健冲剂的制备方法还包括步骤(4):将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到50-70℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的茯苓、山楂和山药,以干燥后重量计,所述的茯苓、山楂和山药的重量份数之比为:(20-40):(30-40):(30-40)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,所述的脱脂具体步骤为:将茯苓、山楂和山药混合,粉碎,过10-40目筛,获得中药粉末;向中药粉末中加入无水乙醇,所述的无水乙醇的添加量为中药粉末重量的6-10倍;于20-30℃条件下搅拌脱脂24-48h,然后过滤,得滤渣;将滤渣在-0.2Mpa下冷冻干燥24h,得到脱脂产物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的酶解采用α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶进行酶解。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,所述酶解的步骤为:将脱脂产物和水按照1:15的重量比例混合,然后加入淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其中所述α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶的质量之比为1:3,总用酶量为脱脂产物重量的0.1-0.2%;酶解的条件为:温度为35-55℃,反应时间为6-10小时,pH值为6.5-7.0;酶解反应全程保持搅拌状态,所述搅拌的速度为60-120rpm/min;酶解反应结束后,降温至室温,灭酶灭菌,获得酶解产物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的酶解产物的发酵采用双歧杆菌对酶解产物进行发酵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,所述发酵的步骤为:将酶解产物置于发酵罐中,接种双歧杆菌,然后升温至25-35℃,通气量为1-4VVM的条件下发酵2-3天,获得发酵产物;其中,所述的双歧杆菌的接种量为(1×108-5×1010)CFU/ml,发酵全程还进行搅拌,搅拌速度为30-60rpm/min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的具有改善肠道吸收功能的保健冲剂,其特征在于,将步骤(3)获得的发酵产物过滤,获得滤液,加热到50-70℃,然后加入糊精和白糖,喷雾干燥,所得颗粒即为保健冲剂;其中糊精的加入量为滤液重量的0.03-0.05%,白糖加入量为滤液重量的0.03-0.1%。
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