CN104384586B - The method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel - Google Patents
The method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104384586B CN104384586B CN201410521913.8A CN201410521913A CN104384586B CN 104384586 B CN104384586 B CN 104384586B CN 201410521913 A CN201410521913 A CN 201410521913A CN 104384586 B CN104384586 B CN 104384586B
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- impeller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/16—Working surfaces curved in two directions
- B23C3/18—Working surfaces curved in two directions for shaping screw-propellers, turbine blades, or impellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/04—Plain cutters, i.e. having essentially a cylindrical or tapered cutting surface of substantial length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2220/00—Details of milling processes
- B23C2220/64—Using an endmill, i.e. a shaft milling cutter, to generate profile of a crankshaft or camshaft
Abstract
The method that the invention discloses a kind of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel, utilizes the present invention not only stock-removing efficiency high, reduces processing cost, and can shorten process time, simplifies Four-axis milling and participates in the motion number of axle of linkage.The technical scheme is that: in programming, use helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process, tool axis is set by fixing axle mode and is perpendicular to machining path direction, make machining direction parallel with blade revolving shaft heart line, generate four axle lathe Multi-axis simultaneous machining numerical control programs.Impeller Parts is fixed in four axle machine tool rotary axle A axle centers, helical pitch according to impeller, diameter, the parameters such as vane thickness calculate the taper angle of impeller blade, tapering flat-bottom milling cutter machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X and keeps revolution axle center invariant position to, Y-direction；Control milling cutter is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and is carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about the NC Milling method using four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel.
Background technology
Integral wheel refers to blade and the wheel disc of conventional impellers structure are designed to overall structure.Integral wheel is because blade profile is complicated, and required precision is high, and tool sharpening accessibility is poor.Blade is thin, and distortion is big, and spacing with blades is little, and after the thin stress of blade, deformation is big；Impeller material mostly is high temperature resistant, has the difficult-to-machine material of high specific strength specific stiffness, so the processing and manufacturing of integral wheel is difficult to.Integral wheel is made up of wheel hub and some blades, blade is evenly distributed on hub surface, adjacent two blades, and the space that wheel hub surface is formed is circulation road, there is the transition face of a rounding junction of each blade and wheel hub, to ensure the smooth splicing between blade and wheel hub.Blade profile is a kind of skew ruled surface, leads in moving curve two of ruled surface, and that intersected with hub surface is referred to as blade root line, and an other referred to as leaf top line, they are given with tabular form respectively.The method of the processing integral wheel used both at home and abroad mainly has numerical control milling, hot investment casting, precision forging, digital control processing, numerical control electric spark processing and numerical control combined electrical machining.NC milling is most widely used integral wheel manufacture method.Impeller is the critical component of turbomachinery, the focus of its digital control processing always research, it usually needs be processed at 5 axis linkage numerical control lathes.GE company of the U.S. and P ＆ W company, R.R company of Britain etc., when developing integral wheel, all have employed Five Axis NC milling technology.In the NC Machining Process of integral wheel, the work space of cutter is strictly limited by blade wheel structure, much more complicated than Machining Free-Form Surfaces of interference.Space between adjacent blades is less, and cutter easily interferes with adjacent blades.In reality is processed, due to the most domestic that also do not have a comparative maturity and adaptable CAD/CAM system, most producers producing impellers also rely on from the software of external import to complete its 5 coordinate digital control processing.Import software is typically all the technical data of the operation module closed, its difficult point and some key issues and is difficult to obtain.Although current domestic most impeller manufacturers all use CAD/ CAM software, but the numerical control program of these Software Creates is the most fully up to expectations, and the numerical control milling method of NC milling integral wheel also has some key technical problems when reality is applied.One, owing to tool wear causes mismachining tolerance, though programming can be used to compensate, but its wear law needs for different materials research experiment；Its two, along with the use of the hard-cutting material such as new type high temperature, high intensity is increasing, and 5 coordinate digital control processings to cutter require higher, owing to Tool in Cutting performance is the most backward so that the NC milling of integral wheel is restricted significantly；They are three years old, for narrow gaps between leaf, for the impeller that bending degree is bigger, staight shank cutter has been difficult to, and overall unshrouded impeller class part is limited by the restriction that five-axis machine tool expensive equipment quantity is few, machining period can be caused with high costs with five-axis machine tool processing impeller, it is greatly improved manufacturing cost, and four axle lathes relatively to equip quantity more, use cost is low, advantageously reduces processing cost.But traditional method is processed impeller on four axle lathes and processed with bulb taper end milling cutter often, it carries out a cutting with rose cutter, and not only working (machining) efficiency is low, and the concordance of finished surface is poor, and Surface hardened layer is serious.And use the tool sharpening impeller of fixing tapering, not in view of the curved surface change of different impellers, finished surface is convex curve along machining direction, cutter-contact point trace is sag vertical curve, mismachining tolerance is bigger, what it ultimately produced is four-axle linked processor, so too much cutter is caused to bear bigger cutting force due to the linkage motion cutting motion number of axle, and then cause processing vibrations excessive, quality of work piece surface is made to decline, fineness is poor, machined trace is big, and rose cutter is not particularly suited for the cutting of big surplus, its chip removal ability is poor, making cutting speed be difficult to lifting causes working (machining) efficiency low.The most traditional four axle machine tooling methods surface quality of workpieces in impeller Machining of Curved Surface is unsatisfactory, does not give full play of the advantage of four axle machine tooling impeller curved surface class parts.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the weak point existed for prior art, it is provided that a kind of chip removal is unobstructed, and stock-removing efficiency is high, processing cost is low, process time can be shortened, it is possible to simplify the motion number of axle participating in linkage of Four-axis milling, by the NC Milling method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measures, the method for a kind of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
In (a) programming, impeller pattern is built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE, import in CAM software Powermill, working origin is set in the impeller centre of gyration, helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is used to set up Processing Strategies, by impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line, according to helical pitch, the diameter of impeller, vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade；In tool management module, tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 model is generated according to blade height, groove width and taper angle, in cutter shaft vector module, select fixing axle pattern, use helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process；Again tool axis is set by fixing axle mode and is perpendicular to machining path direction, machining direction is parallel with blade revolving shaft heart line 4, generate the linkage motion cutting cutter track track program of four axle lathe X-axis and gyroaxis A, call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate processor；
B Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes by (), and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the gyroaxis A centre of gyration；And work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position；
C () carries out the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller at four axis processing center, control tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process.
The present invention has the advantages that compared to prior art,
The present invention uses tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 to carry out the Four-axis milling of overall unshrouded impeller 1, and straight shank end mill compared by its cutter and taper ball head slotting cutter has preferably processing rigidity and chip resistance, is more suitable for narrow gaps between leaf, the Impeller Machining that bending degree is bigger.
The present invention calculates the cone angle of tapering cutter according to different impeller parameters, control cutter axle center 3 vertical with impeller axial line 4, keep processing machining direction and carry out along blade revolving shaft heart line 4, the matching processing of spoon of blade is done completely by cutter taper face, the Machining of Curved Surface of impeller is realized by the way of four axle lathe X-axis and A axle are multi-shaft interlocked, the working ability of four axle rotation workbench of machine tools can be given full play to, simplify Four-axis milling and participate in the motion number of axle of linkage.This method can improve working (machining) efficiency and piece surface fineness, preferably plays the processing characteristics of four-shaft numerically controlled lathe with improving production efficiency.
The present invention is according to the helical pitch of impeller, diameter, the parameters such as vane thickness calculate the taper angle of impeller blade, special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 is produced by blade height and groove width, and work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position, make tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 conical surface follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out curved surface linkage Milling Process, compare spherical milling cutter due to flat tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 processing line speed and want big, improve working (machining) efficiency and piece surface fineness, give full play of the technical advantage of four axle lathe linkage motion cutting.
The present invention uses four axle revolution Processing Strategies in programming software, make the milling cutter conical surface follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out curved surface linkage Milling Process, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position, compare ball-type tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 due to its processing line speed of tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 and want big, chip removal is unobstructed, stock-removing efficiency is high, can make shorten process time, improves production efficiency.
Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis center of four axle lathes by the present invention, and lathe Y-direction and Z-direction working origin are arranged on the A axle centre of gyration, can farthest optimize tool sharpening path, the motion number of axle participating in linkage of processing when simplifying four axles.
The present invention calculates impeller blade taper angle according to the parameter of impeller, makes special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 and processes spoon of blade, uses tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 to process the rigidity i.e. maintaining cutter, is suitable for again processing interlobate deep trouth.
The present invention uses helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode in programming, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form multi-shaft interlocked cutter track, the matching Milling Process of curved surface is carried out with milling cutter taper WEDM face, use fixing cutter shaft motion mode that tool sharpening path is set, the numerical control program being concisely and efficiently four axle lathe Multi-axis simultaneous machinings can be generated.
The tolerance of blade processing size is adjusted by the present invention, and causes mismachining tolerance for due to tool wear, can carry out migration along X-axis coordinate direction in programming.Its deviant can be according to surface normal vector side-play amount at spoon of blade and cutter contact point, according to the adjustment needs of size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line Yu impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown that four axle lathe Impeller Machining schematic diagrams.
Fig. 2 is shown that tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 and processes impeller schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 Impeller Parts, 2 tapering flat-bottom end mill, 3 cutter axial line 3,4 blade revolving shaft heart lines.
Detailed description of the invention
Refering to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.nullAccording to the provided parameter situation of impeller shown in Fig. 1，Impeller pattern can be built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE，Import in CAM software Powermill，Working origin is set in impeller 1 centre of gyration，Helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is used to set up Processing Strategies，By impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line，Helical pitch according to impeller、Diameter，Vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade，In tool management module，According to blade height、Groove width blade and taper angle generate tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 model，Fixing axle pattern is selected in cutter shaft vector module，Use fixing axle mode that cutter axial line 3 is set and be perpendicular to machining path direction，Machining direction is parallel with blade revolving shaft heart line 4，Control milling cutter is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and is carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process，The linkage motion cutting cutter track track of four axle lathe X-axis and gyroaxis A can be generated，Call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate processor.Then carry out numerical control program machining interference with simulation software Vericut to cross and cut checking, it is ensured that processing did not occurred to cut and collision rift, can carry out the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller at four axis processing center.
Flat for tapering vertical milling is placed in the blade revolving shaft heart, feature according to its structure band A axle rotary table of typical four axle lathe VMC700, Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes, and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the gyroaxis A centre of gyration, keep Y-direction in processing to be in the shaft core position of gyroaxis A constant.Helical pitch according to impeller, diameter, the parameters such as vane thickness calculate the taper angle of impeller blade, produced special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 by blade height and groove width, and work in-process is vertical with blade revolving shaft heart line 4 by the cutter axial line 3 of tapering flat-bottom end mill 2.And the tolerance for blade processing size adjusts, and cause mismachining tolerance for due to tool wear, Y-direction in processing can be kept in programming to be in the shaft core position of gyroaxis A constant, migration is carried out along X-axis coordinate direction, its deviant can be according to surface normal vector side-play amount at spoon of blade and cutter contact point, adjustment needs according to size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line Yu impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.Cutter start position is offset along X axis by programming, uses the Processing Strategies of helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing, make tapering flat-bottom end mill follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form Multi-axis simultaneous machining numerical control program.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
In (a) programming, impeller pattern is built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE, import in CAM software Powermill, working origin is set in the impeller centre of gyration, helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is used to set up Processing Strategies, by impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line, according to helical pitch, the diameter of impeller, vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade；In tool management module, tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) model is generated according to blade height, groove width and taper angle, fixing axle pattern is selected in cutter shaft vector module, use helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process；Again tool axis is set by fixing axle mode and is perpendicular to machining path direction, machining direction is parallel with blade revolving shaft heart line (4), generate the linkage motion cutting cutter track track program of four axle lathe X-axis and gyroaxis A, call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate processor；
B Impeller Parts (1) is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes by (), and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the gyroaxis A centre of gyration；And work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position；
C () carries out the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller at four axis processing center, control tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process.
The method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool the most according to claim 1 processing integral wheel, it is characterized in that: keep Y-direction in processing to be in the shaft core position of gyroaxis A in programming constant, migration is carried out along X-axis coordinate direction, deviant is according to Surface Method vector shift at spoon of blade and cutter contact point, adjustment needs according to size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line Yu impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.
The method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool the most according to claim 1 processing integral wheel, it is characterized in that: in programming, cutter start position is offset along X axis, use the Processing Strategies of helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing, make tapering flat-bottom end mill follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form Multi-axis simultaneous machining numerical control program.
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