High-reliability safety brake hub
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile braking, in particular to a high-reliability safety brake hub.
Background
The current automobile braking technical scheme mainly uses two main types of drum brakes and disc brakes. The main principle of the drum brake is that two brake shoes are arranged on a brake chassis, the outer side surfaces of the brake shoes are provided with wear-resistant coatings, one ends of the brake shoes are in rotating connection or floating connection with the brake chassis, and the other ends of the brake shoes are pushed by a hydraulic cylinder or a cam and the like, so that the whole outer side surfaces of the brake shoes are attached to the inner side surfaces of a brake drum, and friction is generated to brake. According to different installation modes of the two brake shoes, the drum brake mainly comprises a leading shoe type, a double trailing shoe type and other technical schemes.
Under the action of friction force, the positive pressure between the leading shoe and the drum is large, and the braking effect is strong. Under the action of friction force, the positive pressure between the shoe and the drum is small, and the braking action is weak. The above three main drum brake solutions therefore have mainly the following drawbacks: the normal counter forces of two brake shoes of the leading shoe brake acting on a brake drum are different in size, the brake becomes a non-balanced brake, and because the normal forces of the brake shoes on a brake hub are unbalanced, the sum of the normal forces of the two shoes can only be balanced reasonably by a wheel hub bearing, additional radial load is generated on the wheel hub bearing, and the service life of the brake is shortened; the double-collar shoe type brake has a good braking effect in forward braking and has a poor braking effect due to structural reasons in reverse braking; the double-slave shoe type brake has better effect in reverse braking and poor effect in forward braking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the technical defects exist, and provides a high-reliability safety brake hub which adopts the design of two leading shoes and two following shoes, wherein the two leading shoes and the two following shoes are respectively symmetrical about the center. During forward braking, the two leading shoes are symmetrically arranged about the center, the generated force is also symmetrical about the center, the two trailing shoes are also symmetrical about the center, and during reverse braking, the former two leading shoes are changed into the two trailing shoes, and the two trailing shoes are changed into the two leading shoes, so that the forward and reverse braking effects are the same, the leading shoes function, the braking efficiency is high, and the defect that the braking effect in the other direction is poor due to the fact that only one-way high-efficiency braking is realized by the scheme of the double leading shoes and the double trailing shoes. This scheme uses a pneumatic cylinder, and simple structure is reliable.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the brake comprises a brake hub, a brake base, a first brake shoe, a second brake shoe, a third brake shoe, a fourth brake shoe, a return spring and an actuating hydraulic cylinder; a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the brake base; the bottom plate is disc-shaped; the edge of the bottom plate is provided with a sealing groove; the edge of the brake hub is provided with a sealing convex edge; the sealing convex edge is arranged in the sealing groove; the first brake shoe, the second brake shoe, the third brake shoe, the fourth brake shoe and the actuating hydraulic cylinder are arranged in a space formed by the brake base and the brake hub; a through shaft hole is arranged in the center of the bottom plate in a penetrating way; the actuating hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the left side of the upper part, the left side of the lower part, the right side of the lower part and the right side of the upper part of the bottom plate are respectively provided with a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a third rotating shaft and a fourth rotating shaft; a first connecting column, a second connecting column, a third connecting column and a fourth connecting column are respectively arranged above the left side, below the right side and above the right side of the bottom plate; a first sliding groove is formed in the middle of the left side of the bottom plate; the middle part of the right side of the bottom plate is provided with a second sliding chute.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the first brake shoe, the second brake shoe, the third brake shoe and the fourth brake shoe are brake shoes with the same structure; the brake shoe is provided with a substrate; the substrate is arc-shaped; the outer side surface of the substrate is provided with a wear-resistant layer with uniform thickness; the diameter of an arc formed on the outer side surface of the wear-resistant layer is the same as that of the inner side surface of the brake hub; a rib plate is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the substrate; one end of the rib plate is provided with a mounting hole; the other end of the rib plate is provided with a pushing sheet and a spring connecting column; the end surface of the pushing sheet is a circular arc surface; the spring connecting column penetrates through the rib plate and has the same protruding length on two sides of the rib plate.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the actuating hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a first piston and a second piston; the outer ends of the first piston and the second piston are respectively provided with a first actuating rod and a second actuating rod; one ends of the first actuating rod and the second actuating rod, which are close to the piston, are arc-shaped; the outer ends of the first and second actuating rods adjacent the piston are linear.
According to the technical scheme, the mounting holes of the first brake shoe, the second brake shoe, the third brake shoe and the fourth brake shoe are respectively and rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, the third rotating shaft and the fourth rotating shaft; the spring connecting columns of the first brake shoe, the second brake shoe, the third brake shoe and the fourth brake shoe are respectively connected with the first connecting column, the second connecting column, the third connecting column and the fourth connecting column through a return spring; the first actuating rod and the second actuating rod are respectively connected in the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove in a sliding mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the two leading shoes and the two following shoes are respectively symmetrical about the center, so that additional radial force cannot be generated during braking, the bearing cannot be subjected to eccentric wear, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, and the unbalanced defect of the leading shoe type brake is overcome; 2. the forward and reverse braking has the same forward and reverse braking effect and the function of the forward and reverse shoes, the braking efficiency is high, and the defect that the braking effect in the other direction is poor due to the fact that the scheme of the double-lead shoe and the double-slave shoe only can perform unidirectional high-efficiency braking is overcome; 3. this scheme uses a pneumatic cylinder, and simple structure is reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mounting position intention of a safety brake hub with high reliability.
Fig. 2 is a general assembly schematic diagram of a high reliability safety brake hub.
Fig. 3 is a partially assembled view of a high reliability safety brake hub.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an actuating hydraulic cylinder of a high-reliability safety brake hub.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a brake shoe of a high-reliability safety brake hub.
In the figure: 1. a brake hub; 101. sealing the convex edge; 2. a brake base; 201. a base plate; 202. a sealing groove; 203. a shaft hole is penetrated; 204. a first rotating shaft; 205. a second rotating shaft; 206. a third rotating shaft; 207. a fourth rotating shaft; 208. a first connecting column; 209. a second connecting column; 210. a third connecting column; 211. a fourth connecting column; 212. a first chute; 213. a second chute; 3. a first brake shoe; 301. braking the brake shoe; 302. a substrate; 303. a wear layer; 304. a rib plate; 305. mounting holes; 306. a push sheet; 307. a spring connecting column; 4. a second brake shoe; 5. a third brake shoe; 6. a fourth brake shoe; 7. a return spring; 8. actuating a hydraulic cylinder; 801. a cylinder body; 802. a first piston; 803. a second piston; 804. a first actuation bar; 805. a second actuation bar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-5, a high reliability safety brake hub is characterized in that: the brake comprises a brake hub 1, a brake base 2, a first brake shoe 3, a second brake shoe 4, a third brake shoe 5, a fourth brake shoe 6, a return spring 7 and an actuating hydraulic cylinder 8; the bottom of the brake base 2 is provided with a bottom plate 201; the bottom plate 201 is disc-shaped; the edge of the bottom plate 201 is provided with a sealing groove 202; the edge of the brake hub 1 is provided with a sealing convex edge 101; the sealing flange 101 is disposed in the sealing groove 202; a first brake shoe 3, a second brake shoe 4, a third brake shoe 5, a fourth brake shoe 6 and an actuating hydraulic cylinder 8 are arranged in a space formed by the brake base 2 and the brake hub 1; a through shaft hole 203 is arranged in the center of the bottom plate 201 in a penetrating way; the actuating hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 201; a first rotating shaft 204, a second rotating shaft 205, a third rotating shaft 206 and a fourth rotating shaft 207 are respectively arranged on the left side of the upper part, the left side of the lower part, the right side of the lower part and the right side of the upper part of the bottom plate 201; a first connecting column 208, a second connecting column 209, a third connecting column 210 and a fourth connecting column 211 are respectively arranged above the left side, below the right side and above the right side of the bottom plate 201; the middle part of the left side of the bottom plate 201 is provided with a first chute 212; the middle part of the right side of the bottom plate 201 is provided with a second chute 213; the first brake shoe 3, the second brake shoe 4, the third brake shoe 5 and the fourth brake shoe 6 are brake shoes 301 with the same structure; the brake shoe 301 is provided with a base plate 302; the substrate 302 is arc-shaped; the outer side surface of the substrate 302 is provided with a wear-resistant layer 303 with uniform thickness; the diameter of an arc formed by the outer side surface of the wear-resistant layer 303 is the same as that of the inner side surface of the brake hub 1; a rib plate 304 is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the base plate 302; one end of the rib plate 304 is provided with a mounting hole 305; the other end of the rib plate 304 is provided with a pushing sheet 306 and a spring connecting column 307; the end surface of the pushing sheet 306 is a circular arc surface; the spring connecting column 307 penetrates through the rib plate 304 and has the same protruding length on two sides of the rib plate 304; the actuating cylinder 8 comprises a cylinder 801, a first piston 802 and a second piston 803; the outer ends of the first piston 802 and the second piston 803 are respectively provided with a first actuating rod 804 and a second actuating rod 805; the ends of the first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805 close to the piston are arc-shaped; the outer ends of the first actuating bar 804 and the second actuating bar 805 near the piston are linear; the mounting holes 305 of the first brake shoe 3, the second brake shoe 4, the third brake shoe 5 and the fourth brake shoe 6 are respectively and rotatably connected with the first rotating shaft 204, the second rotating shaft 205, the third rotating shaft 206 and the fourth rotating shaft 207; the spring connecting columns 307 of the first brake shoe 3, the second brake shoe 4, the third brake shoe 5 and the fourth brake shoe 6 are respectively connected with the first connecting column 208, the second connecting column 209, the third connecting column 210 and the fourth connecting column 211 through a return spring 7; the first actuating bar 804 and the second actuating bar 805 are slidably connected in the first sliding groove 212 and the second sliding groove 213, respectively.
In use, in the first step, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a sealing groove 202 is formed in the edge of the base plate 201, a sealing flange 101 is formed in the edge of the brake hub 1, the sealing flange 101 is disposed in the sealing groove 202, when the automobile moves, the base plate 201 is fixed relative to the automobile, the brake hub 1 rotates around the central axis of the base plate 201, and the sealing flange 101 and the sealing groove 202 mainly prevent external contaminants from entering the hub to affect the braking effect. The first brake shoe 3 and the third brake shoe 5 are centrosymmetric relative to the bottom plate 201, the second brake shoe 4 and the fourth brake shoe 6 are centrosymmetric relative to the bottom plate 201, no matter the automobile is braked in a forward direction or a reverse direction, one pair of centrosymmetric brake shoes are used as leading shoes, the other pair of centrosymmetric brake shoes are used as trailing shoes, additional radial force cannot be generated during braking, the bearing is not subjected to eccentric wear, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, and the unbalanced defect of a leading type brake is overcome for a balanced type brake. During forward braking, the two leading shoes are symmetrically arranged about the center, the generated force is also symmetrical about the center, the two trailing shoes are also symmetrical about the center, and during reverse braking, the former two leading shoes are changed into the two trailing shoes, and the two trailing shoes are changed into the two leading shoes, so that the forward and reverse braking effects are the same, the leading shoes function, the braking efficiency is high, and the defect that the braking effect in the other direction is poor due to the fact that only one-way high-efficiency braking is realized by the scheme of the double leading shoes and the double trailing shoes.
Step two, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the first connecting column 208 and the second connecting column 209 can be used as a connecting structure for the return spring 7 of the first brake shoe 3 and the second brake shoe 4, and also used as a limiting and blocking structure for the first brake shoe 3 and the second brake shoe 4, and when the return spring 7 pulls the brake shoe to reset, the two exert a limiting effect. The device adopts the design of one hydraulic cylinder, has simple and reliable structure and has advantages compared with the design of using two hydraulic cylinders. The first brake shoe 3, the second brake shoe 4, the third brake shoe 5 and the fourth brake shoe 6 are brake shoes 301 with the same structure, a spring connecting column 307 is designed for improving interchangeability, the length of the spring connecting column 307 which penetrates through the rib plate 304 and protrudes from two sides of the rib plate 304 is the same, and the length is that a return spring 7 can be used for all 4 brake shoes; the end face of the pushing plate 306 is a circular arc surface, so that the brake shoe can be pushed smoothly, and sudden braking caused by sudden change is prevented from influencing the braking effect.
Step three, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the ends of the first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805 close to the piston are arc-shaped, and are made into smooth arc shapes because the space in the brake hub is limited, so as not to interfere with the brake shoe, and to improve the fatigue life of the first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805; the outer ends of the first actuating bar 804 and the second actuating bar 805 near the piston are straight, which facilitates smooth movement of the pusher plate 306. The first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805 are slidably connected in the first sliding slot 212 and the second sliding slot 213, respectively, and in order to prevent the first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805 from driving the first piston 802 and the second piston 803 to rotate in the cylinder 801, thereby causing the pushing structure to fail, the first sliding slot 212 and the second sliding slot 213 are configured to allow the first actuating rod 804 and the second actuating rod 805 to move in the same plane.
The control mode of the invention is automatically controlled by the controller, the control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming of a person skilled in the art, the invention belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the circuit connection are not explained in detail in the invention.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.