CN109536703A - A kind of ferrochrome smelting device and technique - Google Patents
A kind of ferrochrome smelting device and technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN109536703A CN109536703A CN201811644665.0A CN201811644665A CN109536703A CN 109536703 A CN109536703 A CN 109536703A CN 201811644665 A CN201811644665 A CN 201811644665A CN 109536703 A CN109536703 A CN 109536703A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ferrochrome smelting device and techniques, this method comprises: S1: the homogeneous mixture of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder being fitted into reduction room, and mixture described in reduction room is kept to be uniformly distributed；S2: being evenly heated the reduction room by combustion chamber, and keeps that reduction room fire box temperature is uniform and reducing atmosphere is uniform；S3: the hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging obtained after the reaction of room will be restored and enter mineral hot furnace, obtain liquid ferrochrome alloy after carrying out molten point of ferrochrome.One aspect of the present invention avoids the problem of easy ring formation of rotary kiln, the prereduction rate in pelletizing more difficult assurance, on the other hand, since reduction room has the characteristics that temperature field is controllable and feed distribution is uniform, to improve the total quality for going back original product and reduction resultant metal rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of non-ferrous metallurgy more particularly to a kind of ferrochrome smelting device and techniques.
Background technique
Currently, chromite raw material has two kinds of forms of lump ore and fine ore.As high-quality lump ore resource is fewer and fewer, it is faced with powder
The few situation of mine muti-piece mine.Fine ore purchase cost is more much lower than lump ore, but chromite powder cannot directly enter mineral hot furnace smelting
Refining, it is necessary to furnace can be entered after agglomeration.Therefore, global related fields has started to be dedicated to grinding for ferrochrome fine ore preconditioning technique
Study carefully and develops.
Currently, the ferrochrome such as sintering, briquetting, pre-reduced pellet, acid pellet fine ore pretreating process technology continues to bring out.Root
It is distinguished according to the pretreated effect of ferrochrome fine ore, there are mainly two types of preprocess methods: pre-oxidation treatment and pre-reduction treatment.
Sintering process, kiln process and acid pellet shaft furnace process etc. belong to the former, and rotary kiln prereduction method etc. belongs to the latter.Due to ferrochrome
Pelletizing Cr oxide and Fe oxide etc. before entering mineral hot furnace have partly or entirely been reduced into metal, with acid pellet technology
It compares, using prereduced metal pellet smelting high carbon ferrochrome, the production capacity of mineral hot furnace can be improved, reduce power consumption, reduce
It smelts and uses coke, while production cost is lower.
Existing chromite prereduction, which represents technology, SRC pre-reduced pellet treatment process, and still, which is primarily present
Following disadvantage: 1) drying grate failure rate is higher, the easy ring formation of rotary kiln；2) the more difficult assurance of prereduction rate in pelletizing, mineral hot furnace smelting
Refining is difficult to control with carbon, and mine heat furnace smelting operation difficulty is very big.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ferrochrome smelting device and technique, it is by by ferrochrome raw material and reduction
The homogeneous mixture of agent powder is fitted into reduction room, is evenly heated the reduction room by combustion chamber, will be obtained after the reaction of reduction room
To hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging enter molten point of mineral hot furnace after obtain liquid ferrochrome alloy, on the one hand avoid rotary kiln and easily tie
The problem of circle, the prereduction rate in pelletizing more difficult assurance, on the other hand, since reduction room has temperature field controllable and raw material point
The uniform feature of cloth, to improve the total quality for going back original product and reduction resultant metal rate.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of ferrochrome smelting device comprising restored for the mixture to ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder
The reduction apparatus of reaction, the reduction apparatus include at least one reduction room and at least two combustion chambers, and reduction room is equipped with charging
Mouth and discharge port, the interior chamber for being equipped with the homogeneous mixture for placing ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder, the chamber are used for
Mixture is kept to be uniformly distributed；Combustion chamber placement is in the two sides of reduction room, for being evenly heated reduction room, and keeps reduction room furnace
Bore temperature is uniform and reducing atmosphere is uniform.
Preferably, reduction room is equipped with multiple, restores room and combustion chamber arranged for interval.
Preferably, reduction room and combustion chamber are modular combination.
Correspondingly, being realized the present invention also provides a kind of ferrochrome smelting process using above-mentioned apparatus, including following step
It is rapid:
S1, the homogeneous mixture of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder is fitted into reduction room, and kept described in reduction room
Mixture is uniformly distributed；
S2, the reduction room is evenly heated by combustion chamber, and keeps reduction room fire box temperature uniformly and reduction
Property atmosphere is uniform；
S3, room reaction will be restored after obtained hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging enter mineral hot furnace, after carrying out molten point of ferrochrome
Obtain liquid ferrochrome alloy.
Preferably, reducing agent powder includes one of anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, coke, charcoal or a variety of.
Preferably, semicoke is also obtained after the reaction of reduction room, semicoke is used to provide fuel to mineral hot furnace.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas of combustion chamber discharge is preheated by high-temperature heat exchanger is passed through the fuel of combustion chamber and combustion-supporting
Gas.
Preferably, high-temperature heat exchanger is regenerative furnace or refractory metal heat exchanger.
Preferably, the coal gas waste heat that mineral hot furnace generates is used for mineral hot furnace after generating electricity.
Preferably, mineral hot furnace carries out the molten point process of ferrochrome and obtains stock gas, which is used for combustion chamber
There is provided fuel or for generating electricity.
The beneficial effect comprise that: it is restored by the way that the homogeneous mixture of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder to be packed into
In room, the reduction room is evenly heated by combustion chamber, the hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging obtained after the reaction of room will be restored and enter mine
Liquid ferrochrome alloy is obtained after molten point of hot stove.On the one hand, avoid higher using drying grate failure rate when rotary kiln, rotary kiln is easy
The problem of ring formation.On the other hand, since reduction room has the characteristics that temperature field is controllable and feed distribution is uniform, pelletizing is solved
In the more difficult assurance of prereduction rate the problem of, to improve the total quality for going back original product and reduction resultant metal rate.
At the same time, since the reduction degree for entering furnace charge in mineral hot furnace improves, so that the carbon of matching for reducing mine heat furnace smelting controls difficulty, with
And reduce mine heat furnace smelting operation difficulty.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of ferrochrome smelting process provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of detail flowchart of ferrochrome smelting process provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only to
It explains the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more.
A kind of ferrochrome smelting device, comprising: restored for the mixture to ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder
The reduction apparatus of reaction, the reduction apparatus include at least one reduction room and at least two combustion chambers, and reduction room is equipped with charging
Mouth and discharge port, the interior chamber for being equipped with the homogeneous mixture for placing ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder, chamber is for protecting
The mixture is held to be uniformly distributed；Combustion chamber placement is in the two sides of reduction room, for being evenly heated reduction room, and keeps reduction room
Fire box temperature is uniform and reducing atmosphere is uniform.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, restore room and combustion chamber be provided with it is multiple, it is more
A reduction room and multiple combustion chamber arranged for interval, so that the fire box temperature of multiple reduction rooms is uniform and reducing atmosphere is equal
It is even.
Content based on the above embodiment restores room and combustion chamber is modular combination as a kind of alternative embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a kind of ferrochrome smelting process flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention is real
It applies example and a kind of ferrochrome smelting process is provided, comprising:
S1: the homogeneous mixture of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder is fitted into reduction room, and keeps mixing in reduction room
Object is uniformly distributed.
In S1, ferrochrome raw material can be ferrochrome fine ore or the mixture of ferrochrome fine ore, binder.By ferrochrome fine ore,
Binder is pelletized after mixing, and is fitted into and is restored in room with the mixing of reducing agent powder, and material is in dispersion, uniformly divides in reduction room
The state of cloth seals after charging.
S2: reduction room is evenly heated by combustion chamber, and keeps reduction room fire box temperature uniform and reducing atmosphere is equal
It is even.
In S2, it is the heating of reduction room by combustion chamber, lights the fuel and combustion-supporting gas persistently supplied in combustion chamber, produce
Raw even heat heating restores indoor material, and granular feedstock and reducing agent is made to restore indoor carry out reduction reaction；Reduction
The entire fire box temperature uniformity in room, reducing atmosphere uniformity.
S3: the hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging obtained after the reaction of room will be restored and enter mineral hot furnace, after carrying out molten point of ferrochrome
Obtain liquid ferrochrome alloy.
In S3, after room material reaction to be restored, hot high metal rate ferrochrome pelletizing and semicoke is obtained, hot sending is passed through
Hot pelletizing and semicoke are transported to charging apparatus by mode, and hot charging enters mineral hot furnace, and molten point of ferrochrome is completed in mineral hot furnace, is obtained
Liquid ferrochrome alloy and clinker.
Provided in an embodiment of the present invention kind of ferrochrome smelting process, by by the uniform of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder
Mixture is fitted into reduction room, is evenly heated the reduction room by combustion chamber, will restore the hot ferrochrome obtained after the reaction of room
Pelletizing hot charging obtains liquid ferrochrome alloy after entering molten point of mineral hot furnace.On the one hand, it avoids using drying grate failure when rotary kiln
The problem of rate is higher, rotary kiln easy ring formation.On the other hand, since reduction room has, temperature field is controllable and feed distribution is uniform
Feature solves the problems, such as the more difficult assurance of prereduction rate in pelletizing, to improve the total quality for going back original product and go back
Original product degree of metalization.At the same time, since the reduction degree for entering furnace charge in mineral hot furnace improves, to reduce mine heat furnace smelting
Difficulty is controlled with carbon, and reduces mine heat furnace smelting operation difficulty.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, above-mentioned reducing agent powder uses anthracite, cigarette
One of coal, lignite, coke, charcoal are a variety of.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, reducing agent powder uses anthracite, bituminous coal, brown
One of coal, coke, charcoal are a variety of, on the one hand tool makees the reducing agent of chromite, another aspect coal dust exists there are two effect
Reduction interior through high temperature cabonization obtains semicoke, and semicoke can enter mineral hot furnace with metallized pellet and do fuel, mine heat in S3
Furnace is not necessarily to outsourcing coke, greatly reduces the production cost of ferrochrome.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, the high temperature cigarette that is discharged in combustion chamber in step S2
Gas, by high-temperature heat exchanger come pre-heating fuel and combustion-supporting gas, high-temperature heat exchanger includes that regenerative furnace or refractory metal change
Hot device.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, in step S3, mineral hot furnace institute power consumption power is by mine heat
Coal gas waste heat and the complementary energy power generation that furnace itself generates provide, and provide enough energy to mineral hot furnace.
Content based on the above embodiment, as a kind of alternative embodiment, in step S3, it is molten that mineral hot furnace carries out ferrochrome
Point process obtains stock gas, and stock gas is used to provide fuel to combustion chamber or for generating electricity.
The ferrochrome smelting process that the above embodiment of the present invention provides, has the advantages that
1, interior ferrochrome pelletizing and coal dust etc. are restored and is in uniform, loose condition (of surface), generation friction breakage is avoided between pelletizing,
Therefore the intensity requirement of granular feedstock is reduced, improves granulation process production efficiency, reduce the usage amount of binder, to drops
The energy consumption and cost of low granulation process；
2, restoring indoor residence time of material can extend, and improve the degree of metalization for going back original product, and product quality is higher,
Advantageously reduce mineral hot furnace power consumption.
3, restoring indoor material can realize that reduction process uniform temperature fields, reduction room airtight space, reducing atmosphere are uniform
Unanimously, stable conditions improve the total quality for going back original product；
4, restoring indoor material can realize that reduction temperature is adjustable, controllable, improve reduction resultant metal rate, and product can be made golden
Belong to rate up to 90% or more.
5, granular feedstock and reducing agent powder are in dispersion, equally distributed state, accessible effect in reduction room
Have:
A, reducing agent and granular feedstock come into full contact with, and improve reduction efficiency；
B, granular feedstock is in the reducing agent powder of rarefaction, can sufficiently eliminate the swollen of granular feedstock in reduction process
Swollen effect, whole material extend the reduction room big-wall service life to the reduction unstressed effect of room big-wall.
6, reduction interior is using raw materials such as anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, and there are two effects for tool, on the one hand makees going back for chromite
Former agent, another aspect coal dust obtain semicoke through high temperature cabonization in reduction interior, and semicoke can enter mine with metallized pellet
Hot stove does fuel, and mineral hot furnace is not necessarily to outsourcing coke, greatly reduces the production cost of ferrochrome.
7, thermal state metal pellet and semicoke enter mineral hot furnace by hot sending and charging, reduce thermal loss, reduce mine heat
Energy consumption, using energy source are abundant.
8, mineral hot furnace is mainly to realize the whole reduction of chromite and melt, and since the degree of metalization of metallized pellet is high, is in
Semicoke that is hot, can also directly being generated using pretreatment process, mineral hot furnace power consumption is lower, and production cost is lower.
9, the coal gas of high temperature that mineral hot furnace generates is after UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and purification, a part power generation, direct-furnish mineral hot furnace, in addition
A part does the fuel of prereduction process, and energy medium recycles degree height between entire process flow process, greatly reduces
Pernicious gas and solid discharge, environment protecting are splendid.
10, compared with other treatment process, which makees raw material using the wide ferrochrome fine ore of particle size range completely, drops significantly
Low purchasing of raw materials cost, ferrochrome product cost produced are lower.
In specific application, as shown in Fig. 2, a kind of ferrochrome smelting process, specifically includes the following steps:
1, it pelletizes after being sufficiently mixed the ingredients such as ferrochrome fine ore, binder or coal dust, granule size about 10mm~40mm, warp
Drying process processing, is directly transported to feed bin.In this step, reducing agent and iron-bearing material can also be pelletized together, can be shortened
Recovery time improves reduction efficiency.Select ferrochrome fine ore particle size range wide in this step, granularity is less than 1mm fine ore.
2, by the ingredients such as reducing agent powder and above-mentioned granular feedstock, by distributing device from reduction ceiling portion or side after being sufficiently mixed
Portion's charging, in addition to there are a small amount of spaces for also Primordial Qi is collected above reduction room charge level, complementary space is filled by reduced material, object
Material restores the filling rate about 90% of material in room in dispersion, uniform distribution, and after charging, the reduction each feed inlet in room is complete
At self-closed；Reducing agent is at least one of anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, coke, charcoal etc..
3, combustion chamber is located at reduction room two sides, and reduction process institute calorific requirement is provided by combustion chamber completely.It is arranged in combustion chamber
Several burners realize the burning of different fuel and combustion-supporting gas, and can be generated by lighting fuel and combustion-supporting gas by 1000~1450 DEG C
High-temperature flue gas, be during normal production continuous uninterrupted burning, high-temperature flue gas heat is integrally evenly heated reduction interior and is reduced
Material；Coal gas, blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-stove gas, coal coal gas, natural gas that fuel generates for mineral hot furnace etc. is extremely
Few one kind.
4, granular feedstock and reducing agent powder are restoring the sufficient reduction reaction of indoor carry out, restore room temperature of charge and exist
It is adjustable controllable between 1100 DEG C~1400 DEG C；；The temperature restored in room 2 is adjustable, controllable, and the reduction reaction time is adjustable, controllable.
5, the flue-gas temperature of combustion chamber discharge is higher, and about 700~1200 DEG C, the high-temperature flue gas after discharge passes through heat exchanger
Heat recovery is carried out, preheating enters the fuel and combustion-supporting gas of combustion chamber, and fuel can be preheated to 500~1000 DEG C, combustion-supporting gas
500~1000 DEG C can be preheated to, the flue-gas temperature after heat exchange is reduced to 200~300 DEG C, it may also be used for dry feedstock
Deng by chimney outlet after flue gas ash removal.
6, each reduction chamber interior reduced material during the reaction, the reducibility gas of generation, such as CO, H2Deng,
It after restoring the enrichment of room headspace, is exported by top duct, general pipeline is back to each combustion chamber 1 as supplement fuel after collecting.
7, after material chemical reaction in room to be restored, side or bottom discharge from reduction room, with regard to single reduction room
Speech takes primary whole discharging or continuous discharge mode.The hot high metal rate ferrochrome pelletizing and semicoke of discharge end in it is independent,
Uniformly, it does not bond, the state without dusting, is packed into tank by discharge apparatus, the degree of metalization of metal pelletizing is up to 90% or more.
8, thermal state metal pellet and semicoke are transported to by charging apparatus by hot sending mode together, hot charging enters mineral hot furnace.
9, fusion smelting is completed in mineral hot furnace, realizes the melting of slag and ferrochrome, obtains ferrochrome and furnace after slag iron separation
Slag.For the coal gas of high temperature that mineral hot furnace generates after UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, purification, a part gives prereduction process combustion chambers burn, mentions
Reduction room is given for enough heats, the power generation of another part coal gas, electricity is personal for mineral hot furnace, energy medium circulation benefit between process
With degree height.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ferrochrome smelting device, including carrying out reduction reaction for the mixture to ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder
Reduction apparatus, which is characterized in that the reduction apparatus includes at least one reduction room and at least two combustion chambers, the reduction
Room is equipped with inlet port and outlet port, the interior chamber for being equipped with the homogeneous mixture for placing ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder
Room, the chamber is for keeping the mixture to be uniformly distributed；The combustion chamber placement is in the two sides of the reduction room, for equal
The even heating reduction room, and keep that reduction room fire box temperature is uniform and reducing atmosphere is uniform.
2. ferrochrome smelting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reduction room be equipped with it is multiple, it is described
Restore room and combustion chamber arranged for interval.
3. ferrochrome smelting device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the reduction room is with combustion chamber
Modular combination.
4. a kind of ferrochrome smelting process, which is characterized in that use ferrochrome smelting of any of claims 1-3
Refine device, the technique the following steps are included:
S1, the homogeneous mixture of ferrochrome raw material and reducing agent powder is fitted into reduction room, and keeps mixing described in reduction room
Object is uniformly distributed；
S2, the reduction room is evenly heated by combustion chamber, and keeps reduction room fire box temperature uniformly and reproducibility gas
Atmosphere is uniform；
S3, room reaction will be restored after obtained hot ferrochrome pelletizing hot charging enter mineral hot furnace, obtained after carrying out molten point of ferrochrome
Liquid ferrochrome alloy.
5. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the reducing agent powder includes smokeless
One of coal, bituminous coal, lignite, coke, charcoal are a variety of.
6. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S3, the reduction room reaction
Semicoke is also obtained afterwards, and the semicoke is used to provide fuel to the mineral hot furnace.
7. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S2, the combustion chamber discharge
High-temperature flue gas the fuel and combustion-supporting gas of combustion chamber are passed through by high-temperature heat exchanger preheating.
8. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step S2, the high temperature heat exchange
Device is regenerative furnace or refractory metal heat exchanger.
9. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S3, the mineral hot furnace is generated
Coal gas waste heat after generating electricity be used for mineral hot furnace.
10. ferrochrome smelting process according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S3, the mineral hot furnace is carried out
Ferrochrome melts a point process and obtains stock gas, and the stock gas is used to provide fuel to the combustion chamber or for generating electricity.
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| CN108048611A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system and method for no coal method production ferrochrome |
| CN207738786U (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-08-17 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system of no coal method production ferrochrome |
| WO2018172284A1 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Process for preparing iron- and chrome-containing particles |
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2018
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3553107B2 (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 2004-08-11 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Smelting reduction method with improved recovery of metal components |
| CN104630404A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | QDF (quiescent direct furnace) direct reduction technology |
| CN104630411A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | QDF electric steelmaking process |
| CN104651562A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-05-27 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Smelting iron-making process of QDF (quiescent direct furnace) |
| WO2018172284A1 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Process for preparing iron- and chrome-containing particles |
| CN108048611A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system and method for no coal method production ferrochrome |
| CN207738786U (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-08-17 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of system of no coal method production ferrochrome |
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